CN116083435A - 以人源light截短型突变蛋白为基础的抗肿瘤的应用 - Google Patents
以人源light截短型突变蛋白为基础的抗肿瘤的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种以人源LIGHT截短型突变蛋白为基础的抗肿瘤的应用,属于LIGHT在抗肿瘤领域的应用。具体地,本发明涉及一种包含点突变的人源LIGHT序列(hmLIGHT)为基础纯化的蛋白形式以及DNA形式在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用。本发明通过体外实验证明人源LIGHT突变蛋白能与小鼠受体结合,体内抗肿瘤实验确定了上述蛋白形式及DNA形式均在小鼠肿瘤模型上展现出了良好的抗肿瘤效果,并且将DNA形式VR‑hmLIGHT与肿瘤疫苗及化药联合均取得更好的抗肿瘤效果,因此在LIGHT的抗肿瘤免疫治疗中具有更好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及LIGHT在抗肿瘤领域的应用。具体地说,本发明涉及人源LIGHT突变蛋白或DNA的制备及抗肿瘤应用。
背景技术
肿瘤已经成为中国乃至全球主要死亡原因之一,是危害全人类生命健康的一大顽症。预计到2040年,全球癌症新增将达到2840万例。因此,寻求更加有效的癌症治疗方案刻不容缓。随着免疫检查点阻断(ICB)疗法及CAR-T疗法的空前成功,肿瘤免疫疗法为癌症的治疗带来了希望。然而,临床研究发现缺乏肿瘤浸润T淋巴细胞的患者(“冷”肿瘤)通常对ICB治疗不敏感,并且瘤内T细胞的浸润情况与患者的预后呈正相关。这提示我们,瘤内细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)的浸润对癌症治疗是至关重要的。细胞毒性T淋巴细胞是对抗和杀死癌细胞的主要免疫效应细胞,由于肿瘤细胞及肿瘤微环境的免疫抑制状态,CTL很难浸润到肿瘤部位。因此,现在的关键问题是如何诱导免疫细胞浸润到“冷”肿瘤中,将“冷”肿瘤转化为“热”肿瘤。研究发现LIGHT具有促进T细胞增殖活化,使肿瘤血管正常化,促进三级淋巴结构形成,促进CTL瘤内浸润,调节肿瘤微环境等功能,促进“冷”肿瘤转化为“热”肿瘤。
LIGHT是TNF超家族的成员,也称为TNFSF14或HVEM-L,人源LIGHT(hLIGHT)可以与三种不同的受体结合,即淋巴毒素β受体(LymphotoxinβReceptor,LTβR),疱疹病毒进入介质(HVEM/TR2)以及DcR3/TR6。LIGHT主要表达在未成熟的树突状细胞(DC)和活化的T细胞表面。研究表明LIGHT-HVEM信号通路作为T细胞活化的第二信号促进T细胞增值活化,LTβR通过调节抗原呈递的DC细胞、肥大细胞、巨噬细胞和间质细胞分化来间接影响T细胞活化。此外,基质细胞中的LTβR信号与淋巴结和炎症部位的微环境有关,在持续炎症部位,LIGHT-LTβR信号促进三级淋巴结构(TLS,Tertiary lymphoid structures)的形成。DcR3与LIGHT结合后抑制LIGHT-HVEM/LTβR通路,参与肿瘤细胞免疫逃逸。多项研究证明LIGHT可以将T细胞募集到肿瘤微环境中,并使肿瘤组织中干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素2(IL-2)等Th1型细胞因子分泌增加,调节微环境,具有强大的抗肿瘤反应。
hLIGHT是由240个氨基酸构成的Ⅱ型膜蛋白,分子量为29kD,包含一个位于N端由37个氨基酸组成的胞内区、一个由22个疏水氨基酸组成的跨膜区和一个由181个氨基酸组成的胞外区,其功能区在胞外区。由于hLIGHT不与鼠源受体HVEM及LTβR结合,无法利用小鼠对其免疫功能进行有效探究,因此开发能与小鼠HVEM及LTβR受体结合的hLIGHT突变形式十分重要。尽管小鼠体内并未发现受体DcR3,但考虑到后续可能在人体中的应用,对其与DcR3结合有关的位点进行突变也是有益的。
目前,有研究证明hLIGHT突变位点的作用,并且取得较好的抗肿瘤效果,因此推测这种策略是可行的。如傅阳心等人证明hLIGHT突变四个位点后可与鼠源受体结合,并且在多种小鼠肿瘤模型上具有抗肿瘤作用。Tomohiro Morishige等人的研究表明,将118位从L突变成G,即亮氨酸突变为甘氨酸突变能降低hLIGHT对DcR3的亲和力。但是,目前还没有将上述两类突变同时应用的报道。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种可规避免疫逃避的具有抗肿瘤活性的人源LIGHT截短型突变(hmLIGHT)的DNA片段,并且本发明除了构建DNA形式,还通过原核表达系统进行了蛋白纯化。同时该发明还提供了该DNA形式及蛋白形式在抗肿瘤治疗中的应用。
下面对本发明的技术方案介绍如下:
本发明所述的一种SEQ ID NO:1所示的hmLIGHT DNA片段,与hLIGHT全长序列相比进行了截短并且进行了五个蛋白位点突变。包含hLIGHT胞外段(氨基酸序列为66位到240位)核苷酸序列,为了使其能与小鼠受体HVEM和LTβR结合,根据参考文献对以下四个位点进行突变,分别是第138位从A突变成T,即丙氨酸变成苏氨酸:第160位从S突变成G,即丝氨酸突变成甘氨酸:第221位碱基从D突变成G,即天冬氨酸变成甘氨酸:第222位从E突变成K,即谷氨酸变成赖氨酸。并且为了降低对DcR3的亲和力,将118位从L突变成G,即亮氨酸突变为甘氨酸。
本发明所述的一种SEQ ID NO:2所示的VR-hmLIGHT DNA片段,所述序列包含一段Kozak序列,一段分泌信号肽tPA序列,以及上述SEQ ID NO:1的hmLIGHT序列。
本发明所述的一种SEQ ID NO:3所示的hmLIGHT蛋白片段。
本发明还包括上述片段序列制备的DNA形式及蛋白形式在抗肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用。
本发明的优点在于新序列包含有经过序列突变的hLIGHT截短形式,其可以与人源和鼠源的HVEM及LTβR受体结合,具有促进瘤内T细胞的浸润,激起抗肿瘤免疫反应,且含有降低hLIGHT对DcR3的亲和力的突变位点,降低了人体内可能引起的免疫逃逸潜力。这种形式未见报道,并且以上述片段为基础构建的DNA形式及蛋白形式均有抗肿瘤活性,这为基于LIGHT的抗肿瘤应用奠定了基础。
附图说明
图1A:pET-28a-hmLIGHT构建示意图,该重组质粒为DNA片段SEQ ID NO:1于pET-28a载体中形成;
图1B:pET-28a-hmLIGHT质粒示意图;
图1C:hmLIGHT蛋白纯化,将pET-28a-hmLIGHT质粒转化到大肠杆菌感受态,通过IPTG诱导表达,镍柱纯化,获得hmLIGHT蛋白;
图2A:ELISA检测hmLIGHT蛋白与小鼠HVEM结合;
图2B:ELISA检测hmLIGHT蛋白与小鼠LTβR结合;
图2C:ELISA检测hmLIGHT蛋白与人HVEM结合;
图2D:ELISA检测hmLIGHT蛋白与人LTβR结合;
图2E:ELISA检测hmLIGHT蛋白与人DcR3结合;
图2F:hmLIGHT蛋白作为第二信号促进小鼠CD8+ T细胞活化;
图3A:hmLIGHT蛋白在小鼠4T1乳腺癌模型上的抗肿瘤效果探究的免疫策略,当肿瘤体积达到100mm3后,将Balb/c小鼠随机分为2组,每组5只小鼠,并用hmLIGHT蛋白治疗,PBS作为阴性对照,通过多点瘤内注射方式,每只小鼠10μg蛋白,治疗每3天一次,共4次,第27处死小鼠进行检测;
图3B:小鼠的平均肿瘤体积生长,在小鼠皮下接种肿瘤细胞的第9天开始,每两三天测量一次小鼠肿瘤体积并记录作图,平均值±SEM,(***P<0.001);
图3C:小鼠肿瘤称重的结果,在第27天对小鼠进行肿瘤的剥取后各组小鼠肿瘤称重的结果,平均值±SEM;
图4A:VR-hmLIGHT结构示意图,该重组质粒为DNA片段SEQ ID NO:1于VR1012载体中形成;
图4B:VR-hmLIGHT质粒示意图;
图4C:VR-hmLIGHT真核表达,将VR-hmLIGHT质粒瞬时转染293T细胞后通过蛋白印记法证明蛋白表达;
图5A:VR-hmLIGHT在小鼠4T1乳腺癌模型上的抗肿瘤效果探究的免疫策略,当肿瘤体积达到100mm3后,将Balb/c小鼠随机分为3组(PBS,VR-MOCK,VR-hmLIGHT),每组5只小鼠。通过多点瘤内注射方式,治疗每3天一次,共5次,VR-MOCK和VR-hmLIGHT是将10μg质粒DNA与10μg体内转染试剂GenEscortIII(南京慧基生物)混合后注射。第25天处死小鼠进行检测;
图5B:小鼠的平均肿瘤生长体积,在小鼠皮下接种肿瘤细胞的第9天开始,每两三天测量一次小鼠肿瘤体积并记录作图,平均值±SEM,(*P<0.05);
图5C:小鼠的肿瘤重量对比,在第25天处死小鼠后剥离皮下肿瘤并称重记录,平均值±SEM,(*P<0.05);
图5D:小鼠肿瘤中CD8+ T细胞的比例;
图5E:小鼠肿瘤中活化的CD8+ T细胞的比例;
图5F:小鼠肿瘤中CD4+ T细胞的比例;
图5G:小鼠肿瘤中活化的CD4+ T细胞的比例;
图5H:小鼠肿瘤中MDSC的比例;
图5I:VR-hmLIGHT在小鼠Panc02胰腺癌模型上的抗肿瘤效果;
图5J:VR-hmLIGHT在小鼠CT26结直肠癌模型上的抗肿瘤效果;
图6A:VR-hmLIGHT与肿瘤疫苗联合治疗小鼠4T1乳腺癌策略图,将荷瘤小鼠随机分为5组,(PBS,VR-MOCK,VR-hmLIGHT,OsFS及VR-hmLIGHT和OsFS联合组(Com)),每组5只小鼠,并用以下方法治疗:在第9,11,14天进行OsFS疫苗免疫,每只小鼠肌肉注射100ng,并使用活体基因导入仪导入,从第11天开始进行瘤内注射VR-hmLIGHT治疗,每三天一次,共5次;
图6B:小鼠的平均肿瘤生长曲线,在小鼠皮下接种肿瘤细胞的第10天开始,每两三天测量一次小鼠肿瘤体积并记录作图,平均值±SEM,(*P<0.05,**P<0.01);
图6C:小鼠肿瘤称重的结果,在第27天对小鼠进行肿瘤的剥取后各组小鼠肿瘤称重的结果,平均值±SEM,(*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001);
图7A:VR-hmLIGHT联合DOX治疗小鼠4T1乳腺癌,将荷瘤小鼠随机分为5组(PBS,VR-MOCK,VR-hmLIGHT,DOX及VR-hmLIGHT和DOX联合(VR-hmLIGHT+DOX)),每组5只小鼠,并用以下方法治疗:第10,14,19,23天腹腔注射DOX,剂量为5mg/kg,第12天开始VR-hmLIGHT治疗,每三天一次,共5次;
图7B:小鼠的平均肿瘤生长曲线,在小鼠皮下接种肿瘤细胞的第10天开始,每两三天测量一次小鼠肿瘤体积并记录作图,平均值±SEM,(*P<0.05);
图7C:小鼠肿瘤称重的结果,在第27天对小鼠进行肿瘤的剥取后各组小鼠肿瘤称重的结果,平均值±SEM。
具体实施方式
1.pET-28a-hmLIGHT构建、蛋白纯化及体外活性验证。
选取hLIGHT胞外结构域66-240氨基酸,并对138位、160位、221位、222位氨基酸位点进行了突变,使其能与小鼠受体结合,并且为了降低对DcR3的亲和力,将118位也进行突变,称为hmLIGHT,(SEQ ID NO:1),此片段由南京金斯瑞公司合成。为进行hmLIGHT蛋白原核纯化,将hmLIGHT构建到pET-28a载体,N端含有his标签,即pET-28a-hmLIGHT(图1A)。通过酶切连接的方式构建成功,共5857bp,图谱见图1B。
将pET-28a-hmLIGHT质粒转化至BL21(DE3)感受态中,LB固体培养基培养获得单菌落。挑取部分单菌落进行试表达实验,通过考马斯亮蓝染色及Western Blot选取表达正确且产量高的菌株进行大量培养,收集菌体,超声破碎后离心并过滤后得到菌液上清,用镍亲和层析柱进行蛋白纯化。用含有50mM、100mM和300mM咪唑浓度的洗脱液对菌液上清梯度洗涤。收集洗脱液进行考马斯亮蓝染色分析。结果表明,300mM咪唑洗脱液中得到hmLIGHT蛋白,其纯度在90%以上(图1C)。
首先检测纯化获得的hmLIGHT蛋白是否能与小鼠即人受体HVEM和LTβR结合。ELISA结果证明hmLIGHT蛋白成功与鼠源受体HVEM和LTβR结合(图2A,B),并且依然保留与人源受体HVEM和LTβR结合的能力(图2C,D)。同时还发现hmLIGHT蛋白与人DcR3的结合能力很弱(图2E)。将纯化的hmLIGHT蛋白对小鼠CD8+ T细胞的激活能力进行检测。使用CD3抗体,CD3抗体/hmLIGHT,hmLIGHT蛋白刺激脾细胞,CD3/CD28抗体作为阳性对照。CD3/hmLIGHT刺激18h后,通过流式细胞术分析激活标志物CD69的表达,发现CD3/hmLIGHT蛋白同CD3/CD28抗体一样能促进CD8+ T细胞活化(图2F)。
2.hmLIGHT蛋白在小鼠4T1乳腺癌模型上的抗肿瘤应用
为检测hmLIGHT蛋白在体内的抗肿瘤活性,将Balb/c小鼠皮下接种2×104个4T1肿瘤细胞,当肿瘤体积达到约100mm3时,将荷瘤鼠随机分为两组(PBS组,hmLIGHT蛋白组,每组5只小鼠)。从皮下接种肿瘤细胞后的第12天开始,瘤内注射10ug hmLIGHT蛋白,每三天注射,共四次,治疗策略如图3A。并且每两到三天测量肿瘤体积,并绘制肿瘤生长曲线。在荷瘤后的第27天进行剥瘤称重。从肿瘤生长曲线(图3B)及瘤重结果(图3C)可以看出与PBS组相比,hmLIGHT蛋白明显抑制了肿瘤生长。与VR-MOCK组相比,VR-hmLIGHT组抑瘤率为44%。
3.VR-hmLIGHT构建及蛋白表达鉴定。
所用载体为真核表达质粒VR1012,为提高蛋白的分泌表达,在hmLIGHT 5’端添加tPA信号肽,KOZAK序列,构建示意图如图4A所示,将合成的hmLIGHT DNA片段,通过酶切连接的方式获得VR-hmLIGHT质粒(图4A)。共5467bp,图谱见图4B。将VR-hmLIGHT以及VR1012空质粒转染293T细胞,48小时后收集细胞并裂解,获得蛋白样品进行western blot蛋白免疫印迹分析,使用hLIGHT抗体检测VR-hmLIGHT质粒中的蛋白表达是否正确。结果如图4C所示,在电泳图上可以看到清晰的蛋白条带,大小为20KD左右,说明可以正确表达hmLIGHT蛋白。
4.VR-hmLIGHT在小鼠4T1乳腺癌模型上抗肿瘤效果
将Balb/c小鼠皮下接种2×104个4T1肿瘤细胞,当肿瘤体积达到约100mm3时,将荷瘤小鼠随机分为三组(PBS组,VR-MOCK组和VR-hmLIGHT,每组5只小鼠)。我们从皮下接种肿瘤细胞后的第9天开始,瘤内注射VR-hmLIGHT(由转染试剂携带),每三天注射,共五次,治疗策略如图5A。并且每隔两天测量小鼠肿瘤体积,第25天处死小鼠进行剥瘤称重。从肿瘤生长曲线(图5B)和瘤重分析(图5C)可以看出与PBS和VR-MOCK组相比,VR-hmLIGHT明显抑制了肿瘤生长。
接下来分析VR-hmLIGHT瘤内治疗对肿瘤微环境的影响。荷瘤后第25天取各组小鼠肿瘤,经胶原酶裂解成单细胞悬液进行检测,检测CD4+ T细胞、CD8+ T细胞以及MDSC细胞。流式结果发现,经VR-hmLIGHT治疗后促进了瘤内CD8+ T细胞浸润(图5D)以及CD8+ T细胞的活化(图5E)。对于CD4+ T细胞,VR-hmLIGHT治疗组诱导了较高的肿瘤浸润(图5F),同时促进了CD4+ T细胞的活化(图5G)。此外,VR-hmLIGHT治疗后可以有效降低瘤内MDSCs的浸润(图5H)。
5.VR-hmLIGHT与肿瘤疫苗联合治疗小鼠4T1乳腺癌
用hmLIGHT与肿瘤疫苗OsFS联合,希望疫苗诱导外周CD8+ T细胞反应,hmLIGHT再将CD8+ T细胞招募到肿瘤组织,进一步提高抗肿瘤效果。联合疗法的治疗策略如图(图6A)所示。OsFS疫苗从皮下种瘤后的第7天开始免疫,共免疫3次,VR-hmLIGHT瘤内注射第12天开始共计5次。肿瘤生长曲线如图6B所示,与预期一样,OsFS与VR-hmLIGHT联合组肿瘤生长受到明显抑制,到第26天,联合组的肿瘤抑制达到70%,而OsFS疫苗组和VR-hmLIGHT组抑瘤率分别为32%和42%。在第27天,将荷瘤小鼠处死并剥离肿瘤并称重(图6C),同样证明联合组取得很好的治疗效果。
6.VR-hmLIGHT与化药多柔比星(DOX)联合治疗小鼠4T1乳腺癌
由于4T1乳腺癌模型免疫原性低,很难激起机体强烈的免疫反应。化疗药物多柔比星,除了直接杀死肿瘤细胞外,还能引起细胞免疫原性细胞死亡,增强免疫应答。因此,我们用VR-hmLIGHT与DOX联合,希望DOX诱导显著的外周CD8+ T细胞反应,hmLIGHT再将CD8+ T细胞招募到肿瘤组织。进一步提高抗肿瘤效果。VR-hmLIGHT与DOX联合疗法的治疗策略如图(图7A)所示。从皮下种瘤后的第10天开始腹腔注射DOX,共4次,第12天开始瘤内注射VR-hmLIGHT,共计注射5次。肿瘤生长曲线如图7B所示,与预期一样,VR-hmLIGHT与DOX联合组肿瘤生长受到明显抑制,到第26天,联合组的肿瘤抑制达到60%,在第27天,将荷瘤小鼠处死并剥离肿瘤组织称重(图7C),联合组的肿瘤均小于单独治疗组。
Claims (10)
1.一段DNA序列,其特征在于,来源于人源LIGHT,并进行截短及突变。
2.根据权利要求1所述的DNA片段为hmLIGHT,其特征在于,包含人源LIGHT胞外段,并进行氨基酸位点突变,所述DNA序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示。
3.一段DNA序列,其特征在于包含一段Kozak序列,一段分泌信号肽tPA序列,以及上述SEQ ID NO:1的hmLIGHT序列,称为tPA-hmLIGHT,所述DNA序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
4.一段蛋白序列,其特征在于,来源于人源LIGHT,且该序列为权利要求1中所述的DNA序列所编码,所述蛋白序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示。
5.如权利要求1、2、3和4项所述的DNA和蛋白序列,由此序列生产的DNA类制品、蛋白类制品以及病毒等其他衍生产品在制备防治肿瘤的产品中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述肿瘤为人的各种肿瘤,如乳腺癌、胰腺癌、结直肠癌、肺癌、黑色素、胃癌、食管癌、喉癌、头颈部淋巴瘤、肾癌、膀胱癌、宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌等。
7.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述产品中包括hmLIGHT突变位点。
8.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述hmLIGHT包括表达权利要求1、2、3和4中的DNA和蛋白序列的hmLIGHT及其衍生产品;优选地,其中的产品包含一种SEQ ID NO:3所示的hmLIGHT蛋白序列;更优选地,将该序列插入到VR1012真核载体或者pET-28a原核表达载体。
9.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述产品包括权利要求1、2、3和4中的DNA序列的DNA、蛋白和病毒载体等各类衍生产品。
10.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述产品中还可包括肿瘤疫苗和/或化疗药物;优选地,其中所述的疫苗包括但不限于核酸疫苗、蛋白及多肽疫苗、树突疫苗;其中所述的化疗药物包括但不限于多柔比星、环磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺、甘磷酰芥、尼莫司汀、紫杉醇、顺铂、奥沙利铂。
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