CN116076433A - Application of SOD and SOD offal and method for raising poultry by using superoxide dismutase to replace antibiotics - Google Patents
Application of SOD and SOD offal and method for raising poultry by using superoxide dismutase to replace antibiotics Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116076433A CN116076433A CN202211605135.1A CN202211605135A CN116076433A CN 116076433 A CN116076433 A CN 116076433A CN 202211605135 A CN202211605135 A CN 202211605135A CN 116076433 A CN116076433 A CN 116076433A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- sod
- feed
- poultry
- zinc
- copper
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- Pending
Links
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/189—Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an application of SOD and SOD leftovers and a method for raising poultry by using superoxide dismutase to replace antibiotics, and relates to the field of poultry cultivation. The invention provides an application of SOD and SOD offal in preparing feed for improving weight, disease resistance or survival rate of poultry. The invention also provides a method for raising poultry, which improves the SOD content in the poultry body through exogenous supplementation and endogenous excitation of organisms, reduces the use of antibiotics, and detects that the SOD activity in blood serum of the poultry is obviously improved, and the disease resistance, the survival rate and the disease probability of the poultry are improved. SOD leftovers are added in the feeding process, so that the recycling of byproducts is realized, the utilization rate of raw materials is improved, and higher economic benefits can be obtained. The feeding method can increase the weight of the poultry, and can obtain safer poultry with better quality, improve the mouthfeel of poultry meat and obtain higher economic value.
Description
The application is a divisional application of which the application date is 2018, 07, 04 and the application number is 201810725545.7, and the invention is a method for raising poultry by replacing antibiotics with superoxide dismutase.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of poultry farming, in particular to an application of SOD and SOD offal and a method for raising poultry by using superoxide dismutase to replace antibiotics.
Background
In the large-scale cultivation process of poultry, for the purposes of preventing and curing diseases, increasing production and the like, additives such as antibiotics and the like are often required to be supplemented to the poultry, so that chemical products such as the antibiotics and the like are accumulated in the poultry body and eggs produced by the poultry body, serious toxic and side effects are generated after people eat the poultry, and serious environmental pollution is caused by using a large amount of antibiotics.
For human health, the use of antibiotics in animal farming should be reduced, but reducing or disabling antibiotics greatly increases the probability of infection of animals with diseases, and at the same time reduces the survival rate of animals, severely affecting the development of farming, which is unacceptable to a large number of farmers.
It is important to find a substitute which can widely improve animal immunity, resist external virus and bacteria and maintain animal health, and the substitute is biological agents such as microecological agents, enzyme preparations, acidulants, oligopeptides or oligosaccharides. However, most of these substitutes have the disadvantages of unsatisfactory antibiotic replacement effect, excessive cost, insignificant beneficial effects on animal cultivation and the like. It is therefore desirable to provide a feeding method that can replace antibiotics, which can solve at least one of the above problems.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an application of SOD and SOD leftovers and a method for raising poultry by using superoxide dismutase to replace antibiotics. The content of SOD in the poultry body is improved through exogenous supplementation and endogenous excitation of the organism, the disease resistance and survival rate of the poultry are improved, and the use of antibiotics is reduced. Meanwhile, SOD leftovers are added in the feeding process, so that the recycling of byproducts is realized, and the utilization rate of raw materials is improved.
In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, the following technical solutions are specifically adopted:
the invention provides an application of SOD and SOD offal in preparing feed for improving weight, disease resistance or survival rate of poultry.
The invention provides an application of SOD and SOD offal in improving the quality of poultry meat.
The invention provides an application of SOD and SOD offal in replacing antibiotics in poultry feed.
The invention provides a method for raising poultry by replacing antibiotics with superoxide dismutase, which comprises the following steps:
the basic feed and optionally antibiotics are fed during the whole feeding period, and SOD offal are fed, and copper element and zinc element are supplemented.
Preferably, on the basis of the technical scheme provided by the invention, the method for raising poultry by replacing antibiotics with superoxide dismutase further comprises the following steps:
(a) In the feeding period of brooding period, the feeding amount of SOD is 1000-4000U/day, the adding amount of copper element is 2-8 mg/kg of feed, the adding amount of zinc element is 30-50 mg/kg of feed, and the adding amount of SOD leftovers is 20-200 g/kg of feed;
(b) In the raising period of the growing period, the dosage of SOD is 4000-8000U/day, the dosage of copper element is 10-30 mg/kg of feed, the dosage of zinc element is 50-70 mg/kg of feed, and the dosage of SOD leftover is 20-200 g/kg of feed;
(c) In the feeding period of fattening period, the dosage of SOD is 8000-12000U/day, the dosage of copper element is 30-50 mg/kg of feed, the dosage of zinc element is 70-90 mg/kg of feed, and the dosage of SOD leftover is 20-200 g/kg of feed.
Preferably, on the basis of the technical scheme provided by the invention, the adding amount of SOD in the step (a) is 2000-3000U/day, the adding amount of copper element is 3-5 mg/kg of feed, the adding amount of zinc element is 35-45 mg/kg of feed, and the adding amount of SOD leftovers is 40-60 g/kg of feed.
Preferably, on the basis of the technical scheme provided by the invention, the adding amount of SOD in the step (b) is 6000-8000U/day, the adding amount of copper element is 15-25 mg/kg of feed, the adding amount of zinc element is 55-65 mg/kg of feed, and the adding amount of SOD leftovers is 80-120 g/kg of feed.
Preferably, on the basis of the technical scheme provided by the invention, the SOD addition amount in the step (c) is 10000-12000U/day, the copper element addition amount is 30-40 mg/kg of feed, the zinc element addition amount is 75-85 mg/kg of feed, and the SOD offal addition amount is 40-70 g/kg of feed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The method for raising poultry by using superoxide dismutase to replace antibiotics provided by the invention uses SOD to replace antibiotics to feed poultry, and supplements copper zinc elements to promote the synthesis of the SOD of the poultry. The content of SOD in poultry is improved by exogenous supplementation and endogenous excitation of organisms, so that the activity of SOD in poultry blood serum is obviously improved, and the highest level is 94.1%; the disease resistance of the poultry is enhanced, the survival rate is improved, and the disease probability is greatly reduced.
(2) According to the method for raising poultry by replacing antibiotics with superoxide dismutase, provided by the invention, under the condition that 75% -95% of antibiotics are replaced, the same effect of the reduced antibiotics can be achieved, and the use of about 75% -95% of antibiotics can be reduced.
(3) According to the method for raising poultry by using superoxide dismutase to replace antibiotics, SOD leftovers are added in the feeding process, so that the recycling of byproducts is realized, the utilization rate of raw materials is improved, and higher economic benefits can be obtained.
(4) The method for raising poultry by using superoxide dismutase to replace antibiotics can increase the weight of the poultry, and the highest level can be increased by 16.2%; meanwhile, the meat poultry with safer quality and better quality can be obtained, the mouthfeel of the poultry meat is improved, and higher economic value is obtained.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
The invention provides a method for raising poultry by replacing antibiotics with superoxide dismutase, which comprises the following steps:
the basic feed and optionally antibiotics are fed during the whole feeding period, and SOD offal are fed, and copper element and zinc element are supplemented.
Preferably, the poultry is one of chicken, duck or goose, preferably chicken.
The basic feed can provide basic nutrient substances and energy requirements for poultry, and the purposes of preventing and treating diseases, increasing yield and the like can be realized by using antibiotics, but the use of antibiotics has a plurality of hazards.
Superoxide dismutase (SOD for short) is obtained by extracting in plants and/or animals, and the extraction method and conditions are not limited, and commercial high-activity SOD products can be directly adopted.
Preferably, the SOD is obtained by in-plant extraction, and a further preferred extraction method can refer to the technology provided by patent ZL201110444564.0 "method for extracting superoxide dismutase from plants", specifically comprising the following steps:
(a) Pretreating plants to obtain plant slurry, dissolving water-soluble copper salt and zinc salt in the plant slurry, heating and cooling to obtain heat-denatured plant slurry;
(b) Performing solid-liquid separation on the plant slurry subjected to heat denaturation, freezing the clear liquid obtained after separation to form frozen solid, and grinding;
(c) Eluting the crushed frozen solid with clear water, wherein the eluted solution is concentrated solution of superoxide dismutase;
(d) Adding the concentrated solution into chloroform-alcohol mixed solution, adding acetone for precipitation, separating out precipitate, and freeze drying to obtain SOD dry powder.
Preferably, the plant is one or more of corn, sea buckthorn, papaya, mung bean, garlic or chinese cabbage.
The SOD leftovers are the solid-liquid separation residues in the step (b) and the water washing byproducts in the step (c) in the process of extracting the SOD from plants.
SOD offcuts are by-products and offcuts, such as water washing slag and centrifugal slag, which are generated in a great amount and have low SOD activity in the process of extracting SOD. Although the leftovers and byproducts have no value of re-extracting SOD, the content of the nutrient substances such as protein, grease, crude fiber and the like is very rich, and the added value and the utilization value are higher. Therefore, the invention directly utilizes the leftovers to feed the poultry, and directly supplements SOD for the poultry exogenously.
The low-activity SOD byproducts and the wastes are applied to poultry raising, so that the utilization way of plant SOD is widened, and the economic value and the social value of the plant SOD extraction industry are fully exerted.
As SOD is a protein containing metal ions, after entering the digestive system of mammals, SOD is decomposed and digested by gastric acid and various digestive proteases, and the physiological functions of the SOD are difficult to play, but the digestive system of birds is different from that of mammals, the glandular gastric mucosa of birds lacks main cells, gastric juice is secreted by parietal cells of birds, the glandular stomach is small in volume and the food retention time is short, so that SOD added in the poultry feed is completely likely to be absorbed by birds with higher efficiency.
From the standpoint of living and evolution of organisms, all cellular organisms preferentially synthesize the most important substances that are most advantageous to themselves, whereas SOD is one of the most conserved proteins in the biological kingdom, which has an extremely important role in biological life activities, and thus has a tendency to preferentially synthesize SOD in all cellular organisms. SOD is a metallic protein containing copper and zinc ions, and its activity is exerted in close relation to its copper and zinc ions. Because of the limitation of copper-zinc ion sources, living bodies often synthesize protein subunits composing SOD first and then combine with copper-zinc prosthetic groups to form complete SOD molecules with physiological activity. Therefore, in the raising process of poultry, the copper-zinc microelements are scientifically and reasonably supplemented, and the synthesis of the poultry on SOD can be promoted.
The method for raising poultry by using superoxide dismutase to replace antibiotics provided by the invention uses SOD to replace antibiotics to feed poultry, and supplements copper zinc elements to promote the synthesis of the SOD of the poultry. The content of SOD in poultry is improved by exogenous supplementation and endogenous excitation of organisms, so that the activity of SOD in poultry blood serum is obviously improved, and the highest level is 94.1%; the disease resistance of the poultry is enhanced, the survival rate is higher, and the disease probability is greatly reduced. The method for raising poultry by replacing antibiotics with SOD can achieve the same effect as the reduced antibiotics under the condition of replacing 75 to 95 percent of antibiotics, namely, the use of antibiotics can be reduced by about 75 to 95 percent. Meanwhile, SOD leftovers are added in the feeding process, so that the recycling of byproducts is realized, the utilization rate of raw materials is improved, and higher economic benefits can be obtained. The method for feeding poultry can increase the weight of the poultry, and the highest level can be increased by 16.2%; meanwhile, the meat poultry with safer quality and better quality can be obtained, the mouthfeel of the poultry meat is improved, and higher economic value is obtained.
In a preferred embodiment, a method of rearing poultry with superoxide dismutase in place of antibiotics, comprises the steps of:
(a) In the feeding period of brooding period, the feeding amount of SOD is 1000-4000U/day, the adding amount of copper element is 2-8 mg/kg of feed, the adding amount of zinc element is 30-50 mg/kg of feed, and the adding amount of SOD leftovers is 20-200 g/kg of feed;
(b) In the raising period of the growing period, the dosage of SOD is 4000-8000U/day, the dosage of copper element is 10-30 mg/kg of feed, the dosage of zinc element is 50-70 mg/kg of feed, and the dosage of SOD leftover is 20-200 g/kg of feed;
(c) In the feeding period of fattening period, the dosage of SOD is 8000-12000U/day, the dosage of copper element is 30-50 mg/kg of feed, the dosage of zinc element is 70-90 mg/kg of feed, and the dosage of SOD leftover is 20-200 g/kg of feed.
Step (a)
Typical but non-limiting amounts of SOD to be fed are, for example, 1000U/day, 1500U/day, 2000U/day, 2500U/day, 3000U/day, 3500U/day or 4000U/day;
copper element additions are typically, but not limited to, for example 2mg/kg feed, 3mg/kg feed, 4mg/kg feed, 5mg/kg feed, 6mg/kg feed, 7mg/kg feed or 8mg/kg feed;
the zinc element addition amount is typically, but not limited to, for example, 30mg/kg of feed, 32mg/kg of feed, 34mg/kg of feed, 36mg/kg of feed, 38mg/kg of feed, 40mg/kg of feed, 42mg/kg of feed, 44mg/kg of feed, 46mg/kg of feed, 48mg/kg of feed or 50mg/kg of feed;
typical but non-limiting amounts of SOD offal are for example 20g/kg feed, 50g/kg feed, 80g/kg feed, 110g/kg feed, 140g/kg feed, 170g/kg feed or 200g/kg feed.
The brooding period is an important link in the whole poultry growth process, and directly affects the survival and subsequent growth of the poultry. The addition of a proper amount of SOD, copper element, zinc element and SOD leftovers can provide rich nutrient substances and promote the healthy growth of poultry in the brooding period.
Step (b)
Typical but non-limiting amounts of SOD to be fed are, for example, 4000U/day, 4500U/day, 5000U/day, 5500U/day, 6000U/day, 6500U/day, 7000U/day, 7500U/day or 8000U/day;
copper element additions are typically, but not limited to, for example 10mg/kg feed, 13mg/kg feed, 16mg/kg feed, 20mg/kg feed, 23mg/kg feed, 26mg/kg feed or 30mg/kg feed;
the zinc element is typically added in an amount such as, but not limited to, 50mg/kg of feed, 52mg/kg of feed, 54mg/kg of feed, 56mg/kg of feed, 58mg/kg of feed, 60mg/kg of feed, 62mg/kg of feed, 64mg/kg of feed, 66mg/kg of feed, 68mg/kg of feed or 70mg/kg of feed;
typical but non-limiting amounts of SOD offal are for example 20g/kg feed, 50g/kg feed, 80g/kg feed, 110g/kg feed, 140g/kg feed, 170g/kg feed or 200g/kg feed.
The growing period generally refers to the period of growing poultry, and the feathers of the growing poultry are plump, have sound body temperature regulation and environmental adaptability, and have strong appetite and rapid growth, and the nutrition level at the moment is different from that of the poultry in the brooding period. The addition of a proper amount of SOD, copper element, zinc element and SOD leftovers can provide rich nutrient substances and promote the rapid growth of poultry in the growing period.
Step (c)
Typical but non-limiting amounts of SOD to be fed are, for example, 8000U/day, 8500U/day, 9000U/day, 9500U/day, 10000U/day, 10500U/day, 11000U/day, 11500U/day or 12000U/day;
copper element additions are typically, but not limited to, for example 30mg/kg feed, 33mg/kg feed, 36mg/kg feed, 40mg/kg feed, 43mg/kg feed, 46mg/kg feed or 50mg/kg feed;
the zinc element addition amount is typically, but not limited to, for example, 70mg/kg of feed, 72mg/kg of feed, 74mg/kg of feed, 76mg/kg of feed, 78mg/kg of feed, 80mg/kg of feed, 82mg/kg of feed, 84mg/kg of feed, 86mg/kg of feed, 88mg/kg of feed or 90mg/kg of feed;
typical but non-limiting amounts of SOD offal are for example 20g/kg feed, 50g/kg feed, 80g/kg feed, 110g/kg feed, 140g/kg feed, 170g/kg feed or 200g/kg feed.
The growth of bones and muscles of poultry in fattening period is vigorous, and the growth rate of subcutaneous fat is high, especially the growth rate of pectoral muscles is high. Absolute weight gain is in the highest peak period, so that the feed intake is greatly increased, the digestive function is healthy, the weight gain is rapid, and the energy is high. Therefore, proper amounts of SOD, copper element, zinc element and SOD offal are added in the fattening period, so that rich nutrient substances can be provided, and the rapid weight gain of poultry is promoted.
By controlling the adding amount of SOD, the adding amount of SOD leftovers and the adding amount of copper and zinc elements in each raising period, the antibiotic substitution effect is good, the growth and development of poultry can be promoted, and the meat poultry with safer quality and better quality can be obtained.
In a preferred embodiment, basal feed configuration is performed with reference to the NRC-1994 standard;
preferably, the basal feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 550 to 650 parts of corn, 250 to 350 parts of bean pulp, 35 to 45 parts of corn protein powder, 30 to 40 parts of soybean oil, 12 to 22 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 8 to 20 parts of stone powder, 1.2 to 2.2 parts of lysine, 0.8 to 1.8 parts of methionine and 2 to 5 parts of salt.
Typical but non-limiting amounts of corn are 550, 560, 570, 580, 590, 600, 610, 620, 630, 640 or 650 parts;
typical, but non-limiting, amounts of soybean meal are 35 parts, 36 parts, 37 parts, 38 parts, 39 parts, 40 parts, 41 parts, 42 parts, 43 parts, 44 parts, or 45 parts;
typical but non-limiting amounts of soybean oil are 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 or 40 parts;
typical but non-limiting amounts of dibasic calcium phosphate are 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 or 22;
typical but non-limiting amounts of stone dust are 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 or 20 parts;
typical but non-limiting amounts of lysine are 1.2 parts, 1.3 parts, 1.4 parts, 1.5 parts, 1.6 parts, 1.7 parts, 1.8 parts, 1.9 parts, 2.0 parts, 2.1 parts, or 2.2 parts;
methionine is typically, but not limited to, present in an amount of 0.8 parts, 0.9 parts, 1.0 parts, 1.1 parts, 1.2 parts, 1.3 parts, 1.4 parts, 1.5 parts, 1.6 parts, 1.7 parts, or 1.8 parts;
typical but non-limiting amounts of salt are 2 parts, 2.5 parts, 3 parts, 3.5 parts, 4 parts, 4.5 parts or 5 parts.
The basic feed is prepared according to NRC (1994) standard, can scientifically provide basic nutrient substances and energy requirements for poultry, and ensures the normal growth of the poultry.
In a preferred embodiment, the antibiotic comprises avilamycin, bacitracin zinc, or aureomycin;
preferably, the additive amount of the avilamycin is 0-4.00 mg/kg of feed, the additive amount of bacitracin zinc is 0-5.00 mg/kg of feed, and the additive amount of the aureomycin is 0-10.00 mg/kg of feed.
The amount of avilamycin added is typically, but not limited to, 0mg/kg of feed, 1.00mg/kg of feed, 2.00mg/kg of feed, 3.00mg/kg of feed or 4.00mg/kg of feed;
the amount of bacitracin zinc added is typically, but not limited to, 0mg/kg of feed, 1.00mg/kg of feed, 2.00mg/kg of feed, 3.00mg/kg of feed, 4.00mg/kg of feed, or 5.00mg/kg of feed;
the amount of aureomycin added is typically, but not limited to, 0mg/kg feed, 2.00mg/kg feed, 4.00mg/kg feed, 6.00mg/kg feed, 8.00mg/kg feed or 10.00mg/kg feed;
avilamycin is an oligosaccharide antibiotic and has an antibacterial effect mainly on gram-positive bacteria. Can improve glucose absorption in fowl intestinal tract, increase volatile fatty acid yield, and reduce lactic acid production, thereby promoting fowl growth.
Bacitracin zinc is a polypeptide antibiotic with bactericidal effect on gram-positive bacteria. The bacitracin zinc interacts with a large amount of bacteria in the intestinal tract in various forms, so that the performance of poultry is changed, and the effect on the intestinal bacteria influences the protein synthesis and the cell membrane function of the intestinal bacteria by inhibiting the cell wall formation of certain microorganisms, thereby achieving the purpose of eliminating pathogenic bacteria.
Aureomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with antibacterial effect against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The aureomycin can promote growth, improve feeding efficiency, reduce and avoid poultry diseases, and enable poultry to grow healthily.
In a preferred embodiment, the copper element is derived from one of copper sulfate, copper carbonate, copper oxide or chelated copper, preferably copper sulfate;
the zinc element is derived from one of zinc sulfate, zinc oxide or amino acid chelate zinc, preferably zinc sulfate.
Preferred copper and zinc source compounds are stable, low in water content and non-caking, and are convenient for feeding and long-term storage.
A typical method for raising poultry with superoxide dismutase in place of antibiotics, comprising the steps of:
(a) In the whole feeding period, the addition amount of the antibiotic avilamycin is 0-4.00 mg/kg of feed, the addition amount of bacitracin zinc is 0-5.00 mg/kg of feed or the addition amount of aureomycin is 0-10.00 mg/kg of feed, and the basic feed configuration is carried out according to NRC-1994 standard;
(b) In the feeding period of brooding period, the feeding amount of SOD is 1000-4000U/day, the adding amount of copper element is 2-8 mg/kg of feed, the adding amount of zinc element is 30-50 mg/kg of feed, and the adding amount of SOD leftovers is 20-200 g/kg of feed;
(c) In the raising period of the growing period, the dosage of SOD is 4000-8000U/day, the dosage of copper element is 10-30 mg/kg of feed, the dosage of zinc element is 50-70 mg/kg of feed, and the dosage of SOD leftover is 20-200 g/kg of feed;
(d) In the feeding period of fattening period, the dosage of SOD is 8000-12000U/day, the dosage of copper element is 30-50 mg/kg of feed, the dosage of zinc element is 70-90 mg/kg of feed, and the dosage of SOD leftover is 20-200 g/kg of feed.
The typical method for raising poultry by using superoxide dismutase to replace antibiotics can reduce the use amount of antibiotics and improve the disease resistance and survival rate of poultry.
For a further understanding of the present invention, the method and effect of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. The raw materials involved in the invention are all available commercially.
The proportions of the base feeds in examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1:
table 1 basic feed proportioning table
Example 1
A method for raising poultry with superoxide dismutase in place of antibiotics, comprising the steps of:
(1) Feeding basic feed and 2.00mg/kg feed of avilamycin, 2.50mg/kg feed of bacitracin zinc and 6.25mg/kg feed of aureomycin in the whole feeding period;
(2) In the feeding period of the brooding period, the feeding amount of SOD is 1000U/day, the adding amount of copper element is 4mg/kg of feed, the adding amount of zinc element is 40mg/kg of feed, and the adding amount of SOD leftovers is 50g/kg of feed;
(3) In the raising period of the growing period, the feeding amount of SOD is 3000U/day, the adding amount of copper element is 20mg/kg of feed, the adding amount of zinc element is 60mg/kg of feed, and the adding amount of SOD leftovers is 100g/kg of feed;
(4) In the feeding period of fattening period, the dosage of SOD is 6000U/day, the dosage of copper element is 35mg/kg of feed, the dosage of zinc element is 80mg/kg of feed, and the dosage of SOD leftovers is 50g/kg of feed;
wherein the copper element is derived from copper sulfate, and the zinc element is derived from zinc sulfate.
Example 2
A method for raising poultry with superoxide dismutase in place of antibiotics, comprising the steps of:
(1) Feeding basic feed and 2.00mg/kg feed of avilamycin, 2.50mg/kg feed of bacitracin zinc and 6.25mg/kg feed of aureomycin in the whole feeding period;
(2) In the feeding period of the brooding period, the feeding amount of SOD is 2000U/day, the adding amount of copper element is 4mg/kg of feed, the adding amount of zinc element is 40mg/kg of feed, and the adding amount of SOD leftovers is 50g/kg of feed;
(3) In the raising period of the growing period, the feeding amount of SOD is 6000U/day, the adding amount of copper element is 20mg/kg of feed, the adding amount of zinc element is 60mg/kg of feed, and the adding amount of SOD leftovers is 100g/kg of feed;
(4) In the feeding period of fattening period, the dosage of SOD is 10000U/day, the dosage of copper element is 35mg/kg of feed, the dosage of zinc element is 80mg/kg of feed, the dosage of SOD offcut is 50g/kg of feed,
wherein the copper element is derived from copper sulfate, and the zinc element is derived from zinc sulfate.
Example 3
A method for raising poultry with superoxide dismutase in place of antibiotics, comprising the steps of:
(1) Feeding basic feed and 2.00mg/kg feed of avilamycin, 2.50mg/kg feed of bacitracin zinc and 6.25mg/kg feed of aureomycin in the whole feeding period;
(2) In the feeding period of brooding period, the feeding amount of SOD is 3000U/day, the adding amount of copper element is 4mg/kg of feed, the adding amount of zinc element is 40mg/kg of feed, and the adding amount of SOD leftovers is 50g/kg of feed;
(3) In the raising period of the growing period, the SOD feeding amount is 8000U/day, the copper element adding amount is 20mg/kg of feed, the zinc element adding amount is 60mg/kg of feed, and the SOD leftover adding amount is 100g/kg of feed;
(4) In the feeding period of fattening period, the dosage of SOD is 12000U/day, the dosage of copper element is 35mg/kg of feed, the dosage of zinc element is 80mg/kg of feed, the dosage of SOD leftover is 50g/kg of feed,
wherein the copper element is derived from copper sulfate, and the zinc element is derived from zinc sulfate.
Example 4
This example differs from example 2 in that the feed for avilamycin was 0.40mg/kg, the feed for bacitracin zinc was 0.50mg/kg and the feed for aureomycin was 1.25mg/kg, all the others being the same.
Example 5
The difference between this example and example 4 is that the SOD feed amount in step (a) was 2500U/day, the SOD feed amount in step (b) was 7000U/day, and the SOD feed amount in step (c) was 11000U/day, except that the others were the same.
Example 6
The difference between this example and example 4 is that the SOD feed amount in step (a) was 3000U/day, the SOD feed amount in step (b) was 8000U/day, and the SOD feed amount in step (c) was 12000U/day, and the rest was the same.
Example 7
A method for raising poultry with superoxide dismutase in place of antibiotics, comprising the steps of:
(1) Feeding basic feed and 2.00mg/kg feed of avilamycin, 2.50mg/kg feed of bacitracin zinc and 6.25mg/kg feed of aureomycin in the whole feeding period;
(2) In the feeding period of the brooding period, the feeding amount of SOD is 1000U/day, the adding amount of copper element is 2mg/kg of feed, the adding amount of zinc element is 30mg/kg of feed, and the adding amount of SOD leftovers is 20g/kg of feed;
(3) In the raising period of the growing period, the feeding amount of SOD is 4000U/day, the adding amount of copper element is 10mg/kg of feed, the adding amount of zinc element is 50mg/kg of feed, and the adding amount of SOD leftovers is 20g/kg of feed;
(4) In the feeding period of fattening period, the dosage of SOD is 8000U/day, the dosage of copper element is 30mg/kg of feed, the dosage of zinc element is 70mg/kg of feed, the dosage of SOD leftover is 20g/kg of feed,
wherein the copper element is derived from copper sulfate, and the zinc element is derived from zinc sulfate.
Example 8
A method for raising poultry with superoxide dismutase in place of antibiotics, comprising the steps of:
(1) Feeding basic feed and 2.00mg/kg feed of avilamycin, 2.50mg/kg feed of bacitracin zinc and 6.25mg/kg feed of aureomycin in the whole feeding period;
(2) In the feeding period of brooding period, the feeding amount of SOD is 4000U/day, the adding amount of copper element is 8mg/kg of feed, the adding amount of zinc element is 50mg/kg of feed, and the adding amount of SOD leftovers is 200g/kg of feed;
(3) In the raising period of the growing period, the SOD feeding amount is 8000U/day, the copper element adding amount is 30mg/kg of feed, the zinc element adding amount is 70mg/kg of feed, and the SOD leftover adding amount is 200g/kg of feed;
(4) In the feeding period of fattening period, the dosage of SOD is 12000U/day, the dosage of copper element is 50mg/kg of feed, the dosage of zinc element is 90mg/kg of feed, the dosage of SOD leftover is 200g/kg of feed,
wherein the copper element is derived from copper sulfate, and the zinc element is derived from zinc sulfate.
Example 9
This example differs from example 2 in that no antibiotic is added, the remainder being the same.
Example 10
This example differs from example 2 in that the copper element is derived from copper oxide and the zinc element is derived from zinc oxide, the remainder being the same.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example differs from example 2 in that no SOD nor antibiotics were added, and the rest were the same.
Comparative example 2
The difference between this comparative example and example 2 is that SOD was not added, 8mg/kg feed of avilamycin, 10mg/kg feed of bacitracin zinc and 25mg/kg feed of aureomycin were added, and the rest were the same.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example differs from example 2 in that no SOD waste was added, the remainder being the same.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 2 in that no copper element and no zinc element were added, and the remainder were the same.
Experimental example 1
The experimental groups of chickens are chickens with the age of 1 day, the species is feather chickens, the experiment is carried out on a farm in Taojiang county in Yiyang city, the cage and the henhouse are thoroughly disinfected before feeding, the raising method is that the chickens are kept in a grid and the feed is kept in a groove, and the number of chickens in each group is 200. After the experiment is carried out on the fifth day, immunization is carried out on all chickens by using the triple multivalent inactivated vaccine for newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease and the avian influenza vaccine, and other farm-specified feeding management and sanitation management measures which are to be followed in the feeding process are uniformly and strictly carried out. The feeding conditions are that the sizes of the chicken varieties, feeding methods, feed feeding amounts and the like of all experimental groups are the same except for the additive addition amounts, and the experiment is carried out for 56d. The superoxide dismutase used in the experiment has the unit activity of 5016U/g through laboratory detection. The basic feed material is a common feed which is purchased in the market and does not contain antibiotics, and the feed preparation is carried out according to NRC (1994) standard.
After raising to 56 days of age, the chickens of examples 1-10 and comparative examples 1-4 were collected and weighed, respectively, and the survival rate was calculated by counting the number. The blood sampling method is to randomly pick 20 chickens for vein blood sampling under the chicken wings of each group, detect the superoxide dismutase activity of blood plasma and serum in the chicken blood, detect the superoxide dismutase by using a GB/T5009.171-2003 superoxide dismutase detection method, and average the detection result and the weight of the chickens. The final results were as follows:
TABLE 2 detection results of Experimental example 1
As shown in Table 2, the SOD activity content in the blood plasma of the chickens in examples 1-10 is between 421.3 and 523.5U/mL, the SOD activity in the blood serum is between 69.4 and 158.8U/mL, the weight of the chickens is between 1863 and 2300g, and the survival rate of the chickens is between 83.3 and 94%. The SOD activity content in the blood plasma of the chickens of comparative examples 1-4 is 383.2-488.7U/mL, the SOD activity in the blood serum is 47.5-143.5U/mL, the weight of chickens is 1815-2292g, and the survival rate of chickens is 79.5-94.5%.
In examples 7, 1, 2 and 3, the content of SOD added was gradually increased, and the measured data of each experimental result was also gradually increased; in examples 4 to 6, the amount of the antibiotic added was 25% of that in example 2, and the content of SOD added was gradually increased; the measured experimental results are gradually increased, the SOD addition amount of the example 8 is the highest, but the measured result is not quite different from the result of the example 3, and the increase of the SOD addition amount can promote the increase of the SOD content in the poultry body within a certain range, so that the disease resistance of the poultry is enhanced, the survival rate is improved and the disease probability is greatly reduced.
Comparative example 1 differs from example 2 in that no SOD nor antibiotics were added; comparative example 1 differs from example 2 in that the antibiotic content added is high, the antibiotic content of example 2 accounting for 25% thereof; comparative example 3 differs from example 2 in that no SOD trim was added; comparative example 4 differs from example 2 in that no copper element and no zinc element were added. The experimental results of comparative examples 1 to 4, except for the survival rate of chicken of comparative example 2, were all lower than those of example 2, which shows that the addition of SOD can promote the increase of SOD content in the poultry, the enhancement of disease resistance, the increase of survival rate and the increase of weight of the poultry within a certain range.
In general, example 2 is the optimal set under consideration of cost and the like. And a certain amount of SOD is used as an additive to be added into feed to replace 75% of antibiotics, so that the same effect of no substitution can be basically achieved for feeding chickens of 1 day old, the activity in blood plasma serum of chickens fed with the antibiotics is basically not substituted, and the weight of the obtained chickens is more.
Experimental example 2
The experimental example is different from the experimental example 1 in that the experimental group chickens are chickens of 1 week old, the experiment is carried out for 49d, the rest conditions and the detection method are the same, and the final result is as follows:
TABLE 3 test results of Experimental example 2
As is clear from Table 3, the SOD activity content in the blood plasma of the chickens in examples 1-10 is between 466.3 and 542.7U/mL, the SOD activity in the blood serum is between 142.4 and 168.2U/mL, the weight of the chickens is between 2202 and 2336g, and the survival rate of the chickens is between 93 and 96.1 percent. The SOD activity content in the blood plasma of the chickens of comparative examples 1-4 is 394.6-498.8U/mL, the SOD activity in the blood serum is 60.4-147.8U/mL, the weight of chickens is 1933-2332g, and the survival rate of chickens is 83.4-95.3%.
In examples 7, 1, 2 and 3, the content of SOD added was gradually increased, and the measured data of each experimental result was also gradually increased; the amount of the antibiotic added in examples 4 to 6 was 5% of that of comparative example 2, and the content of SOD added was gradually increased; the measured experimental result data of each item are gradually increased, the SOD addition amount of the example 8 is the highest, but the SOD addition amount is not quite different from the result of the example 3, and the increase of the SOD addition amount can promote the increase of the SOD content in the poultry body within a certain range, so that the disease resistance of the poultry is enhanced, the survival rate is higher and the disease probability is greatly reduced.
Comparative example 1 differs from example 2 in that no SOD nor antibiotics were added; comparative example 2 differs from example 2 in that the antibiotic content added is high, the antibiotic content of example 2 accounting for 25% thereof; comparative example 3 differs from example 2 in that no SOD trim was added; comparative example 4 differs from example 2 in that no copper element and no zinc element were added. The experimental results obtained in comparative examples 1-4 are all lower than those obtained in example 2, which shows that the addition of SOD, SOD offal, copper element and zinc element can promote the increase of SOD content in poultry, and the disease resistance, survival rate and weight gain of poultry are enhanced.
In general, example 2 is the optimal set under consideration of cost and the like. And a certain amount of SOD is added into the feed to replace 95% of antibiotics, so that the same effect of no replacement can be basically achieved for feeding 7-day-old chickens. When the SOD content in the poultry body is improved, the immunity and disease resistance of the corresponding poultry are also increased, and then partial antibiotics can be effectively replaced in the feeding process.
Experimental example 3
Chicken were obtained according to the feeding methods of examples 1-10 and comparative examples 1-4, and the content of amino acids and fatty acids was measured using chicken meat using methods conventional in the art. The results were measured as follows:
TABLE 4 test results of Experimental example 3
The contents of protein and fatty acid in chicken can influence the meat quality and taste of chicken, the experiment selects common lysine, aspartic acid, oleic acid and myristic acid which influence the meat quality and taste of chicken, the contents of two amino acids and two fatty acids are detected to indirectly reflect the meat quality and taste of chicken, and the higher the content is, the better the meat quality and taste of chicken are.
Table 4 shows that examples 1-10 have a lysine content of 1.44-1.62%, an aspartic acid content of 1.42-1.68%, an oleic acid content of 34.2-36.6% and a myristic acid content of 1.10-1.26%. The lysine content of comparative examples 1-4 is 1.31-1.55%, the aspartic acid content is 1.14-1.47%, the oleic acid content is 33.2-35.1%, and the myristic acid content is 1.05-1.19%.
In examples 7, 1, 2 and 3, the content of SOD added was gradually increased, and the measured data of each result was also gradually increased; the amount of the antibiotic added in examples 4 to 6 was 5% of that of comparative example 2, and the content of SOD added was gradually increased; the experimental results of example 8 are the highest, but the result is not quite different from the result of example 3, and it is seen that in a certain range, the increase of the SOD addition can increase the contents of lysine, aspartic acid, oleic acid and myristic acid in the poultry body.
Comparative example 1 differs from example 2 in that no SOD nor antibiotics were added; comparative example 2 differs from example 2 in that the antibiotic content added is high, the antibiotic content of example 2 accounting for 25% thereof; comparative example 3 differs from example 2 in that no SOD trim was added; comparative example 4 differs from example 2 in that no copper element and no zinc element were added. The experimental results of comparative examples 1-4 are all lower than those of example 2, which shows that the addition of SOD, SOD offal, copper element and zinc element increases the content of lysine, aspartic acid, oleic acid and myristic acid in the poultry within a certain range.
In general, the method for improving the SOD content in the poultry body through both exogenous supplementation and endogenous excitation of the organism improves the meat quality of the poultry, can obtain safer and better meat poultry, improves the mouthfeel of the poultry meat, and obtains higher economic value.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be appreciated that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
Claims (8)
- Application of SOD and SOD offal in preparing feed for improving weight, disease resistance or survival rate of fowl is provided.
- Use of SOD and SOD offal in improving poultry quality.
- Use of SOD and SOD offal in replacing antibiotics in poultry feed.
- 4. A method for raising poultry with superoxide dismutase in place of antibiotics, comprising the steps of:the basic feed is fed in the whole feeding period, and simultaneously SOD and SOD offal are fed, and copper element and zinc element are supplemented.
- 5. The method according to claim 4, comprising the steps of:(a) In the feeding period of brooding period, the feeding amount of SOD is 1000-4000U/day, the adding amount of copper element is 2-8 mg/kg of feed, the adding amount of zinc element is 30-50 mg/kg of feed, and the adding amount of SOD leftovers is 20-200 g/kg of feed;(b) In the raising period of the growing period, the dosage of SOD is 4000-8000U/day, the dosage of copper element is 10-30 mg/kg of feed, the dosage of zinc element is 50-70 mg/kg of feed, and the dosage of SOD leftover is 20-200 g/kg of feed;(c) In the feeding period of fattening period, the dosage of SOD is 8000-12000U/day, the dosage of copper element is 30-50 mg/kg of feed, the dosage of zinc element is 70-90 mg/kg of feed, and the dosage of SOD leftover is 20-200 g/kg of feed.
- 6. The method according to claim 4, wherein the SOD added amount in the step (a) is 2000-3000U/day, the copper element added amount is 3-5 mg/kg feed, the zinc element added amount is 35-45 mg/kg feed, and the SOD leftover added amount is 40-60 g/kg feed;the adding amount of SOD in the step (b) is 6000-8000U/day, the adding amount of copper element is 15-25 mg/kg of feed, the adding amount of zinc element is 55-65 mg/kg of feed, and the adding amount of SOD leftovers is 80-120 g/kg of feed;in the step (c), the adding amount of SOD is 10000-12000U/day, the adding amount of copper element is 30-40 mg/kg of feed, the adding amount of zinc element is 75-85 mg/kg of feed, and the adding amount of SOD leftovers is 40-70 g/kg of feed.
- 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the SOD is superoxide dismutase extracted from a plant;the plant is one or more of corn, sea buckthorn, papaya, mung bean, garlic or Chinese cabbage;the SOD leftover is prepared by the following method:and (3) heating, cooling and denaturing the plant slurry containing copper and zinc ions, and then performing solid-liquid separation to obtain solid-liquid separation residues which are SOD leftovers.
- 8. The method of claim 4, wherein the copper element is derived from one of copper sulfate, copper carbonate, copper oxide, or chelated copper;the zinc element is derived from one of zinc sulfate, zinc oxide or amino acid chelated zinc.
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