CN115360387B - Anode water quantity control method of fuel cell system - Google Patents
Anode water quantity control method of fuel cell system Download PDFInfo
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling anode water amount of a fuel cell system, which comprises the following steps: receiving and judging the average voltage of the single cells of the galvanic pile in real time, calculating the average voltage difference of the single cells, if the average voltage difference of the single cells is less than or equal to the voltage judgment threshold, opening the drain valve after opening the drain valve, repeating the steps for a plurality of times, and calculating the ratio; judging the size of the ratio, if the ratio is smaller than a first specified threshold value, judging that the water content of the anode of the fuel cell system is excessive, controlling the bypass valve of the humidifier to gradually increase the opening and controlling the air stop valve to gradually decrease the opening; and if the occupation ratio value is larger than a second specified threshold value, judging that the water content of the anode of the fuel cell system is too dry, controlling the bypass valve of the humidifier to gradually reduce the opening and controlling the air stop valve to gradually increase the opening. The invention realizes the closed-loop control of the water content of the anode of the fuel cell system by adaptively adjusting the opening of the relevant valve, thereby ensuring the stability of the operation performance of the fuel cell system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a method for controlling the anode water amount of a fuel cell system.
Background
The fuel cell is a device for directly converting chemical energy stored in fuel and oxidant into electric energy, has great advantages compared with traditional energy sources such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and the like, is an effective means for solving environmental pollution and energy crisis, the fuel of the fuel cell is generally hydrogen, methanol, methane and the like, and air or oxygen and the like are used as the oxidant. The fuel cell stack is composed of a plurality of bipolar plates and a plurality of membrane electrodes which are matched and connected with each other, air and hydrogen react on the membrane electrodes to generate water after entering from the bipolar plates, and the generated water needs to be discharged from the interior of the fuel cell stack.
In performing an electrochemical reaction inside a stack of a fuel cell system, an appropriate amount of moisture needs to be added so that the electrochemical reaction can perform an optimal reaction. Therefore, how to control the water content inside the stack is very critical.
The control of the water content of the anode of the existing fuel cell system has the following disadvantages:
1. under the condition that the anode does not have a humidity sensor, the conventional fuel cell system cannot monitor the anode water quantity and realize closed-loop control, so that the low-power running galvanic pile of the system is easy to burn out, and the high-power running system of the system is easy to flood;
2. when the anode has a humidity sensor, closed-loop control of the anode water amount can be realized, but the humidity sensor is expensive and the use cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve one of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for controlling an anode water amount of a fuel cell system, which realizes closed-loop control of an anode water content of the fuel cell system by adaptively adjusting an opening of a relevant valve, thereby ensuring stable operation performance of the fuel cell system.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for controlling the anode water amount of a fuel cell system comprises an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, a humidifier bypass valve, an air stop valve, a humidifier, an air pressure back pressure valve, an air bypass valve, an electric pile, a hydrogen injector, a proportional valve, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen supply unit, a gas-water separator, a discharge valve and a drain valve, wherein the electric pile comprises a cathode inlet, a cathode outlet, an anode inlet and an anode outlet;
an anode water amount control method of a fuel cell system, comprising the steps of:
during the operation of the fuel cell system, when the anode water content of the fuel cell system is judged to be excessive, in a set time period, the opening degree of the humidifier bypass valve is gradually increased, and the opening degree of the air stop valve is gradually reduced, and meanwhile, the process C is repeated for a plurality of times: the method comprises the steps of firstly, fully opening a drain valve, then fully closing the drain valve, and then fully opening a drain valve and then fully closing the drain valve; and detecting the compensation opening degree A of the proportional valve when the drain valve is opened and the compensation opening degree B of the proportional valve when the drain valve is opened in real time, calculating the ratio = compensation opening degree A/compensation opening degree B every time, and stopping increasing the opening degree of the humidifier bypass valve and stopping decreasing the opening degree of the air stop valve when the ratio is equal to a third specified threshold value.
Further, the method for controlling the anode water amount of the fuel cell system further comprises the following steps:
in the operation process of the fuel cell system, when the water content of the anode of the fuel cell system is judged to be too dry, in a period of time, the humidifier bypass valve gradually reduces the opening and controls the air stop valve to gradually increase the opening, and meanwhile, the process C is repeated for a plurality of times: firstly, fully opening the drain valve and then fully closing the drain valve, and then fully opening the drain valve and then fully closing the drain valve; and detecting the compensation opening degree A of the proportional valve when the drain valve is opened and the compensation opening degree B of the proportional valve when the drain valve is opened in real time, calculating the ratio = compensation opening degree A/compensation opening degree B every time, and stopping decreasing the opening degree of the humidifier bypass valve and stopping increasing the opening degree of the air stop valve when the ratio is equal to a fourth specified threshold value.
Further, the method for controlling the anode water amount of the fuel cell system further comprises the following steps:
in the operation process of the fuel cell system, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve is opened and adjusted, so that a hydrogen supply unit supplies hydrogen with specified pressure to the galvanic pile, the proportional valve is adjusted to a set opening degree according to the operation power of the fuel cell system, and the drain valve are controlled to be opened at a set frequency;
receiving and judging the average voltage of the single cells of the galvanic pile in real time, and calculating the average voltage difference of the single cells = the difference between the average voltage starting value of the single cells and the average voltage ending value of the single cells in a specified time period;
and C, judging whether the average voltage difference value of the single-chip battery is greater than a voltage judgment threshold value, if so, repeating the process C for a plurality of times within a limited time period: firstly, fully opening the drain valve and then fully closing the drain valve, and then fully opening the drain valve and then fully closing the drain valve; detecting and recording the compensation opening degree A of the proportional valve when the drain valve is opened every time and the compensation opening degree B of the proportional valve when the drain valve is opened every time, and calculating the ratio = compensation opening degree A/compensation opening degree B every time;
judging the size of the proportion value, and if the proportion value is smaller than a first specified threshold value, judging that the water content of the anode of the fuel cell system is excessive; and if the occupation ratio is larger than a second specified threshold, judging that the water content of the anode of the fuel cell system is too dry.
Further, the set time period is set to 3min, and the third predetermined threshold =50% ± 10%.
Further, the fourth prescribed threshold =50% ± 10%, and the period of time is set to be within 3 min.
Further, the specified time period and the limited time period are both set within 3 min; the first predetermined threshold value is 30% and the second predetermined threshold value is 70%.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: the invention realizes the closed-loop control of the water content of the anode of the fuel cell system by adaptively adjusting the opening of the relevant valve, and can prevent the fuel cell system from generating the severe conditions that the galvanic pile is burnt out under low power and the galvanic pile is flooded by water under high power, thereby ensuring the stability of the running performance of the fuel cell system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fuel cell system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship among the proportional valve opening, the anode pressure, the discharge valve opening, and the drain valve opening when the fuel cell system according to example 1 of the present invention is used to treat a large amount of water in the anode.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart illustrating steps of a method for controlling an amount of anode water in a fuel cell system according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of the single-chip voltage, the proportional valve opening, the discharge valve opening, the drain valve opening, the humidifier bypass valve opening and the air cut-off valve opening when the anode is treated to have excessive water content according to example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the changes of the single-chip voltage, the opening degree of the proportional valve, the opening degree of the discharge valve, the opening degree of the drain valve, the opening degree of the humidifier bypass valve and the opening degree of the air stop valve when the water content of the anode is too dry in the treatment process of the embodiment 2 of the invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict, and the present application is further described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
The present embodiment discloses a fuel cell system, as shown in fig. 1, including:
the system comprises an air filter 1, an air compressor 2, an intercooler 3, a humidifier bypass valve 4, an air stop valve 5, a humidifier 6, an air pressure back pressure valve 7, an air bypass valve 8, a galvanic pile 9, a hydrogen injector 10, a proportional valve 11, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve 12, a hydrogen supply unit 13, a gas-water separator 14, a discharge valve 15, a drain valve 16, a CVM electric inspection module 17 and a control unit 18; the galvanic pile 9 comprises a cathode inlet, a cathode outlet, an anode inlet and an anode outlet, and the humidifier 6 comprises an air inlet, an air outlet, an air tail gas inlet and an air tail gas exhaust port;
the air filter 1, the air compressor 2, the intercooler 3, the air stop valve 5 and the air inlet of the humidifier 6 are sequentially connected, the air outlet of the humidifier 6 is connected with the cathode inlet of the electric pile 9, the intercooler 3 is connected with the cathode inlet of the electric pile 9 through the humidifier bypass valve 4, the cathode outlet of the electric pile 9 is connected with the air tail gas inlet of the humidifier 6, the air tail gas exhaust port of the humidifier 6 is connected with the air pressure back pressure valve 7, and the intercooler 3 is connected with the air bypass valve 8;
the hydrogen supply unit 13, the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 12, the proportional valve 11, the hydrogen ejector 10 and the anode inlet of the galvanic pile 9 are connected in sequence, the anode outlet of the galvanic pile 9, the gas-water separator 14 and the hydrogen ejector 10 are connected in sequence, the anode outlet of the galvanic pile 9 is connected with the discharge valve 15, and the gas-water separator 8 is connected with the drain valve 16.
The CVM electric inspection module 17 is connected with the galvanic pile 1, and the CVM electric inspection module 17 is used for detecting the maximum voltage of the single battery, the average voltage of the single battery and the minimum voltage of the single battery of the galvanic pile 9, wherein the galvanic pile 9 comprises a plurality of single batteries.
The control unit 18 is connected with the humidifier bypass valve 4, the air stop valve 5, the air pressure back pressure valve 7, the air bypass valve 8, the electric pile 9, the proportional valve 11, the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 12, the discharge valve 15, the drain valve 16 and the CVM electric inspection module 17, and the control unit 18 is used for controlling the opening and closing of the humidifier bypass valve 4, the air stop valve 5, the air pressure back pressure valve 7, the air bypass valve 8, the electric pile 9, the proportional valve 11, the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 12, the discharge valve 15 and the drain valve 16 and receiving voltage information of the electric pile 9 transmitted by the CVM electric inspection module 17.
During the operation of the fuel cell system, the proportional valve 11 mainly plays a role in adjusting the pressure of the anode hydrogen path of the fuel cell system, when the drain valve 15 and the drain valve 16 are opened, the anode hydrogen path of the fuel cell system will have pressure losses of different degrees, the proportional valve 11 needs to increase the opening to compensate the lost pressure so as to maintain the pressure stability of the anode hydrogen path of the fuel cell system, and the larger the pressure loss of the anode hydrogen path of the fuel cell system is, the larger the compensation opening of the proportional valve is.
When the anode hydrogen path of the fuel cell system contains a large amount of water, a mixed substance of liquid and gas exists in the gas-water separator 14, the drain valve 16 is opened, and a gas-liquid two-phase mixture is discharged from the drain valve 16, so that the pressure drop of the anode hydrogen path of the fuel cell system is small, and the compensation opening of the proportional valve 11 is small. With the continuous operation of the system, if the water content in the anode hydrogen path of the fuel cell system is more, and the water drain valve 16 is opened, the more the water content discharged from the water drain valve 16 is, the smaller the pressure drop of the anode hydrogen path of the fuel cell system is, the smaller the pressure to be compensated by the hydrogen path is, and the smaller the compensation opening of the proportional valve 11 is, as shown in fig. 2. When only liquid exists in the discharged substances after the drain valve 16 is opened, the compensation opening degree of the proportional valve 11 is 0;
when the water content of the anode hydrogen path of the fuel cell system is less, the liquid water in the gas-water separator 14 is less, when the drain valve 16 is opened, the substances discharged from the drain valve 16 are mainly gas, the pressure drop of the anode hydrogen path of the fuel cell system is larger, and meanwhile, the opening degree of the proportional valve 11 is increased to be larger. As the fuel cell system continues to operate, if the anode moisture content is lower and the drain valve 16 is opened, the more gas is discharged from the drain valve 16, the larger the pressure drop of the anode hydrogen path of the fuel cell system is, the larger the pressure to be compensated for by the anode hydrogen path of the fuel cell system is, and the larger the compensation opening of the proportional valve 11 is. When only gas is present in the discharged material after the trap 16 is opened, the compensated opening degree of the proportional valve 11 is equal to the compensated opening degree of the proportional valve 11 when the drain valve 15 is opened.
During operation of the fuel cell system, the water content of the anode of the fuel cell system can be determined by calculating the percentage of the compensated opening of proportional valve 11 when drain valve 16 is open to the compensated opening of proportional valve 11 when drain valve 15 is open, the higher the proportion, the lower the water content of the anode of the fuel cell system, and the lower the proportion, the more the water content of the anode of the fuel cell system.
Example 2
The present embodiment discloses a method for controlling anode water amount of a fuel cell system, as shown in fig. 3, comprising the following steps:
during the operation of the fuel cell system, the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 12 is opened and adjusted, so that the hydrogen supply unit 13 can continuously and stably supply hydrogen with a specified pressure (preferably, the specified pressure is 1.5 MPa) to the stack 9, the proportional valve 11 is adjusted to a set opening according to the operation power of the fuel cell system, the drain valve 15 and the drain valve 16 are controlled to be opened at a set frequency, and the following table shows the set opening of the proportional valve 11, the opening frequency of the drain valve 15 and the opening frequency of the drain valve 16 corresponding to each operation power of the fuel cell system;
the CVM electric inspection module 17 receives and judges the average voltage of the single cell (CVM average voltage) of the electric stack 9 in real time, and calculates the average voltage difference of the single cell = the difference between the start value of the average voltage of the single cell and the end value of the average voltage of the single cell within a predetermined time period, where the start value of the average voltage of the single cell is the average voltage value of the single cell at the start moment of the predetermined time period and the end value of the average voltage of the single cell is the average voltage value of the single cell at the end moment of the predetermined time period; preferably, the predetermined period of time is set to be within 3 min;
judging whether the average voltage difference value of the single battery is larger than a voltage judgment threshold value or not, and if the average voltage difference value of the single battery is larger than the voltage judgment threshold value, judging that the average voltage of the single battery is in a descending trend; if the average voltage difference value of the single battery is smaller than or equal to the voltage judgment threshold value, judging that the average voltage of the single battery does not have a descending trend; preferably, the voltage judgment threshold is 50mv;
if the average voltage of the single-chip battery is in a descending trend, within a limited time period (preferably, the limited time period is set to be 3min, the controller controls the drain valve 15 and the drain valve 16 to open at a specified frequency, and 3min can satisfy the condition that the drain valve 15 and the drain valve 16 are opened at least 3 times respectively), as shown in fig. 2, repeating the process C for several times: fully opening drain valve 15 first and then fully closing drain valve 15, then fully opening trap 16 and then fully closing trap 16; detecting and recording the compensation opening degree A of the proportional valve 11 when the drain valve 16 is opened each time and the compensation opening degree B of the proportional valve 11 when the drain valve 15 is opened, and calculating the ratio = compensation opening degree A/compensation opening degree B each time;
judging the size of the proportion value, and if the proportion value is smaller than a first specified threshold value, judging that the water content of the anode of the fuel cell system is excessive; if the occupation ratio is larger than a second specified threshold, judging that the water content of the anode of the fuel cell system is too dry; preferably, the first predetermined threshold value is 30% and the second predetermined threshold value is 70%.
Upon determining that the anode water content of the fuel cell system is excessive, the control unit 18 controls the humidifier bypass valve 4 to gradually increase the opening and controls the air shutoff valve 5 to gradually decrease the opening (by reducing the amount of air passing through the humidifier, thereby reducing the cathode humidity of the fuel cell system) during a set period of time, while repeating the process C several times: fully opening drain valve 15 first and then fully closing drain valve 15, then fully opening trap 16 and then fully closing trap 16; detecting the compensation opening a of the proportional valve 11 when the drain valve 16 is opened and the compensation opening B of the proportional valve 11 when the drain valve 15 is opened in real time, calculating the ratio = compensation opening a/compensation opening B each time, and when the ratio is equal to a third prescribed threshold, stopping increasing the opening of the humidifier bypass valve 4 and stopping decreasing the opening of the air shutoff valve 5, as shown in fig. 4; preferably, the set time period is set to 3min, and the third predetermined threshold =50% ± 10%.
When it is judged that the water content of the anode of the fuel cell system is excessively dry, the control unit 18 controls the humidifier bypass valve 4 to gradually decrease the opening and controls the air shutoff valve 5 to gradually increase the opening (by increasing the amount of air passing through the humidifier, thereby increasing the cathode humidity of the fuel cell system) for a period of time, and at the same time, repeats the process C several times: fully opening drain valve 15 first and then fully closing drain valve 15, then fully opening trap 16 and then fully closing trap 16; detecting the compensation opening a of the proportional valve 11 when the drain valve 16 is opened and the compensation opening B of the proportional valve 11 when the drain valve 15 is opened in real time, calculating the ratio = compensation opening a/compensation opening B each time, and when the ratio is equal to a fourth prescribed threshold, stopping decreasing the opening of the humidifier bypass valve 4 and stopping increasing the opening of the air shutoff valve 5, as shown in fig. 5; preferably, the fourth predetermined threshold =50% ± 10%, and the certain period of time is set to be within 3 min.
The fuel cell system of the embodiment realizes closed-loop control of the water content of the anode of the fuel cell system by adaptively adjusting the opening of the relevant valve, can prevent the poor conditions that the galvanic pile is burnt out under low power and the galvanic pile is flooded by water under high power of the fuel cell system, and further ensures the stability of the running performance of the fuel cell system.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various equivalent changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A method for controlling the anode water amount of a fuel cell system comprises an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, a humidifier bypass valve, an air stop valve, a humidifier, an air pressure back pressure valve, an air bypass valve, an electric pile, a hydrogen injector, a proportional valve, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen supply unit, a gas-water separator, a discharge valve and a drain valve, wherein the electric pile comprises a cathode inlet, a cathode outlet, an anode inlet and an anode outlet; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the operation process of the fuel cell system, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve is opened and adjusted, so that a hydrogen supply unit supplies hydrogen with specified pressure to the galvanic pile, the proportional valve is adjusted to a set opening degree according to the operation power of the fuel cell system, and the drain valve are controlled to be opened at a set frequency;
receiving and judging the average voltage of the single cells of the galvanic pile in real time, and calculating the average voltage difference of the single cells = the difference between the average voltage starting value of the single cells and the average voltage ending value of the single cells in a specified time period;
and C, judging whether the average voltage difference value of the single-chip battery is greater than a voltage judgment threshold value, if so, repeating the process C for a plurality of times within a limited time period: the method comprises the steps of firstly, fully opening a drain valve, then fully closing the drain valve, and then fully opening a drain valve and then fully closing the drain valve; detecting and recording the compensation opening degree A of the proportional valve when the drain valve is opened every time and the compensation opening degree B of the proportional valve when the drain valve is opened every time, and calculating the ratio = compensation opening degree A/compensation opening degree B every time; the voltage judgment threshold is 50mv;
judging the size of the proportion value, and if the proportion value is smaller than a first specified threshold value, judging that the water content of the anode of the fuel cell system is excessive; if the occupation ratio is larger than a second specified threshold, judging that the water content of the anode of the fuel cell system is too dry; the first prescribed threshold value is 30%, and the second prescribed threshold value is 70%;
during the operation of the fuel cell system, when the water content of the anode of the fuel cell system is judged to be excessive, in a set time period, the opening of the humidifier bypass valve is gradually increased, the opening of the air stop valve is gradually reduced, and the process C is repeated for a plurality of times: the method comprises the steps of firstly, fully opening a drain valve, then fully closing the drain valve, and then fully opening a drain valve and then fully closing the drain valve; detecting the compensation opening degree A of the proportional valve when the drain valve is opened and the compensation opening degree B of the proportional valve when the drain valve is opened in real time, calculating the ratio = compensation opening degree A/compensation opening degree B each time, and stopping increasing the opening degree of the humidifier bypass valve and stopping decreasing the opening degree of the air stop valve when the ratio is equal to a third specified threshold value; the third prescribed threshold =50% ± 10%.
2. The anode water amount control method of a fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising the steps of:
in the operation process of the fuel cell system, when the water content of the anode of the fuel cell system is judged to be too dry, in a period of time, the humidifier bypass valve gradually reduces the opening and controls the air stop valve to gradually increase the opening, and meanwhile, the process C is repeated for a plurality of times: firstly, fully opening the drain valve and then fully closing the drain valve, and then fully opening the drain valve and then fully closing the drain valve; detecting the compensation opening degree A of the proportional valve when the drain valve is opened and the compensation opening degree B of the proportional valve when the drain valve is opened in real time, calculating the ratio = compensation opening degree A/compensation opening degree B each time, and when the ratio is equal to a fourth specified threshold value, stopping decreasing the opening degree of the humidifier bypass valve and stopping increasing the opening degree of the air stop valve; the fourth prescribed threshold =50% ± 10%.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the set time period is set to be within 3 min.
4. The anode water amount control method of a fuel cell system according to claim 2, wherein the period of time is set to within 3 min.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the prescribed period of time and the limit period of time are each set to within 3 min.
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