CN115250812A

CN115250812A - Germination accelerating method and breeding and seedling method for blueberry seeds

Info

Publication number: CN115250812A
Application number: CN202210775357.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 佘远国; 汪鹏; 章承林; 尹晓蛟; 唐志强
Original assignee: HUBEI ECOLOGY VOCATIONAL COLLEGE
Current assignee: HUBEI ECOLOGY VOCATIONAL COLLEGE
Priority date: 2017-02-20
Filing date: 2017-02-20
Publication date: 2022-11-01
Also published as: CN106818379A

Abstract

The invention discloses a germination accelerating method and a propagation seedling method for blueberry seeds, and the germination accelerating method for the blueberry seeds comprises the following steps: cleaning blueberry seeds, soaking in potassium permanganate solution for sterilization, sealing, washing with deionized water, sterilizing with carbendazim, and cleaning with clear water; mixing the seeds with river sand according to a volume ratio, filling the mixture into a plastic bag, putting the plastic bag into a refrigerating chamber of a refrigerator, keeping the temperature, taking out the seeds after 40 days, and regularly checking to keep the humidity of the seed sand mixture. The method is simple and easy to implement and convenient to operate, the seeds are subjected to germination accelerating treatment by mastering a seed modulation method, the germination accelerating method is carried out by combining a temperature-variable stratification germination accelerating method with a medicament seed soaking method, and the seedling rate reaches 90%.

Description

Germination accelerating method and breeding and seedling method for blueberry seeds

The application is a divisional application with the application date of 2017, 20.02 months and the application number of 201710088806.4 and the invention name of a blueberry seed breeding and seedling method.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant seedling propagation, and particularly relates to a germination accelerating method and a propagation seedling method for blueberry seeds.

Background

Blueberries (Vaccinium Spp) are blue berries, perennial shrub berry trees, belong to Ericaceae and Vaccinium plants, and are distributed basically in the world, mainly in regions with warm and cool climate and sufficient sunlight. The blueberry fruit contains rich nutrient components, has the functions of preventing cranial nerve aging, protecting eyesight, strengthening heart, resisting cancer, softening blood vessels, enhancing human body immunity and the like, has high nutrient components and extremely strong medicinal value and nutrition and health care functions, and is listed as one of five kinds of health food of human beings by the international food and agricultural organization. Blueberries are emerging fruit tree species with higher economic value and wide development prospect, the propagation method usually mainly adopts tissue culture seedling cuttage, but the tissue culture seedling cuttage has the problems of high technical difficulty, complex method, high production cost, difficult seedling hardening of the tissue culture seedling, low transplanting survival rate and the like, and the seedlings have shallow root systems and short economic life. The seed propagation has the characteristics of simple method, low cost, vigorous growth of seedlings, developed root systems, long service life and the like.

However, because the blueberry seeds are not easy to harvest, and the blueberry seeds can sleep once leaving the fruits, and then can germinate by breaking the dormancy, if the seeds are not treated before sowing, the germination rate after sowing is extremely low, and the natural seedling rate is about 5%. At present, the reports of blueberry seed propagation and seedling raising are few, low-temperature stratification germination acceleration and gibberellin seed soaking are mainly adopted, the germination rate is not high and is only 80%, and the details are shown in Jilin forestry technology 2011, 40 (3) and http:// www.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a blueberry seed propagation and seedling method which is simple and easy to implement and convenient to operate, the seed is subjected to germination acceleration treatment by mastering a seed modulation method, a temperature-variable stratification germination acceleration method is combined with a medicament seed soaking method for germination acceleration, and the seedling rate reaches 90%.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the technical conception is as follows: collecting mature fresh blueberry fruits within 6-7 months, putting the fruits into a barrel, adding a small amount of water, standing for 2-3 days for stacking and retting, trampling and kneading to separate pulp from seeds, adding water for many times for rinsing, and removing immature seeds and pulp floating on the water surface. Cleaning seeds, soaking the seeds in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection for 2h, taking out, sealing for 0.5h, and washing with deionized water for later use. River sand screened by 2mm is sterilized by 0.2 percent carbendazim for 1 hour and is cleaned by clear water, and the water content of the river sand is 60 percent. Soaking seeds for 48h with 100mg/LKT (kinetin), and mixing the seeds with river sand according to the volume ratio of 1:3, mixing, filling into a plastic bag, fastening the bag opening, putting into a refrigerator, keeping the temperature at 0-5 ℃, and taking out the seeds after 40 days; placing the mixture at the temperature of 10-20 ℃ for 20 days; putting the seeds into the refrigerating chamber of the refrigerator again, keeping the temperature at 0-5 ℃, and taking out the seeds after 40 days; and then the mixture is placed at the temperature of 10-20 ℃ for 20 days. Checking regularly, keeping the seed sand mixture at a certain humidity, sowing after the seeds emerge and germinate, covering with mulching film for seedling, and cultivating for 3 years and outplanting. The invention is especially suitable for breeding and seedling of the blueberry seeds with after-ripening and the seeds in the dormancy stage.

A blueberry seed propagation and seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

1. collecting mature fresh blueberry fruits, putting the fruits into a barrel, adding a small amount of water (one third or one fourth of the water in the barrel), standing for 2-3 days for stacking and retting, trampling and kneading to separate pulp from seeds, adding water for many times (3-6 times) for rinsing, and removing immature seeds and pulp floating on the water surface.

2. After seed cleaning, soaking and disinfecting the seeds for 1 to 3 hours by using 0.5 percent (mass percent) potassium permanganate solution, then taking out the seeds, sealing the seeds for 0.4 to 0.8 hour, then flushing the seeds by using deionized water, and soaking the seeds for 46 to 50 hours by using 100mg/LKT (kinetin) for later use. River sand screened by 2mm is sterilized by 0.2 percent (mass percent) of carbendazim for 0.8 to 1.2 hours and is cleaned by clear water, and the water content of the river sand is 60 percent.

3. Mixing the seeds with river sand according to a volume ratio of 1:3 mixing, filling into a plastic bag, fastening the mouth of the bag, putting into a refrigerator, keeping the temperature at 0-5 ℃, and taking out the seeds after 40 days; placing the mixture at the temperature of 10-20 ℃ for 18-22 days; putting the seeds into the refrigerating chamber of the refrigerator again, keeping the temperature at 0-5 ℃, and taking out the seeds after 40 days; and then placing the mixture in the temperature of 10-20 ℃ for 18-22 days. Checking regularly (3-5 days), keeping the seed sand mixture at a certain humidity (the humidity is about 30% generally), and sowing after the seeds sprout.

4. After land selection, decomposed animal manure or soil miscellaneous fertilizer is applied according to about 300 kg/mu, if the pH value of the soil is more than 5.5, acid turf is added, and sulfur powder (the water content is less than or equal to 2 percent, and the dosage is 1300 kg/hm)²) Or aluminum sulfate, covering sawdust and rotten bark, adjusting the pH value to be between 4 and 5, deeply turning the soil, harrowing 2 to 3 times before sowing, leveling before plowing, making beds with the width of 1.5 to 2m and the width of a footpath of 40cm.

5. When sowing, sowing seeds and sand together, before sowing seeds, firstly making a small ditch on the furrow surface, wherein the width of the small ditch is about 9-11 cm, the depth of the ditch is about 2-4 cm, and the distance between the ditch and the furrow is about 24-26 cm. A layer of mixed fertilizer is firstly put in the ditch, the thickness of the mixed fertilizer is about 1.8-2.2 cm generally, then the blueberry seeds are dibbled, and the distance between the seeds is 4-6 cm generally. After the blueberry seeds in each ditch are sowed, covering a layer of moss (which is a small green plant, has good moisture retention, is a special moss for blueberries and is special for cultivating the blueberries, the market price is 18-20 yuan/kg, and the moss is soaked for 48 hours before use) in the degree that the seeds cannot be seen. Then, enough water is poured (sprayed by a spray can, the seedbed is sprayed with water with the moisture content of 40-60%), a mulching film is covered, and the blueberry seeds are ensured to sprout.

The mixed fertilizer is a fine soil fertilizer which is prepared by mixing 200kg of burnt soil, 10kg of calcium superphosphate and 10kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, smashing and sieving.

6. Sowing for 7-10 days, starting to sprout, uncovering the mulching film after seedlings grow out uniformly, and ensuring intertillage weeding for more than 4 times each year; spraying 1 time of bactericide (800 times of carbendazim) and foliar fertilizer (0.2% preston spraying green) every 14 days after seedling emergence, and then applying fertilizers 4 times every year, wherein the fertilizers are respectively applied once in the late 4 months, late 5 months, middle 7 days and late 10 months; when the bed surface is dry, watering is carried out at proper time (the water content of the bed surface is 40-60%).

7. Transplanting the seedlings when the seedlings grow to about 10cm from the last 4 th to the middle 5 th of the 2 nd year, and cultivating for 1 year to obtain the seedlings for outplanting.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:

1. the problem that the blueberry seeds can be dormant after leaving the fruits and the dormancy and germination are not easy to break is solved.

2. The problem of blueberry seed modulation treatment is solved.

3. The technical problem of low seedling emergence rate in blueberry seed propagation is solved.

4. When in sowing, the seeds and the sand are sowed together in a row, which is favorable for accelerating the growth after budding, and the seedling rate reaches 95 percent.

Detailed Description

Example 1

A blueberry seed propagation and seedling raising method comprises the following specific steps:

1. seed collection and seed cleaning: collecting mature fresh blueberries in 6-7 months, putting the fruits into a barrel, adding a small amount of water (one third or one fourth of the water in the barrel), standing for 2 or 3 days for stacking and retting, trampling and kneading to separate the pulp from the seeds, adding water for 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 times for rinsing, and removing immature seeds and pulp floating on the water surface.

2. Seed disinfection and KT treatment: cleaning seeds, soaking the seeds in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection for 2h, taking out, sealing for 0.5h, and washing with deionized water. Soaking seeds with 100mg/LKT (kinetin) for 48h for standby. River sand screened by 2mm is sterilized by 0.2 percent carbendazim for 1 hour and is cleaned by clear water, and the water content of the river sand is 60 percent.

3. Temperature-changing stratification germination: mixing the seeds with river sand according to the volume ratio of 1:3 mixing, filling into a plastic bag, fastening the mouth of the bag, putting into a refrigerator, keeping the temperature at 0 or 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 ℃, and taking out the seeds after 40 days; placing at 10 or 12 or 15 or 18 or 20 deg.C for 20 days; putting into the cold storage chamber of the refrigerator again, keeping the temperature at 0 or 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 ℃, and taking out the seeds after 40 days; again at 10 or 13 or 16 or 20 degrees for 20 days. Checking regularly (3 or 4 or 5 days), keeping the seed sand mixture at a certain humidity, and sowing after the seeds emerge and germinate.

4. Land preparation: after land selection, decomposed animal manure or soil miscellaneous fertilizer is applied according to about 300 kg/mu, if the pH value of the soil is more than 5.5, acid turf is added, and sulfur powder (the water content is less than or equal to 2 percent, and the dosage is 1300 kg/hm)²) Or aluminum sulfate, covering sawdust and rotten bark, adjusting pH to 4 or 5, deeply ploughing, harrowing for 2 or 3 times before sowing, leveling before ploughing, making furrow with width of 1.5 or 1.8 or 2m, and pavement width of 40cm.

5. Sowing: the seeds and the sand are sowed together in a row, before the seeds are sowed in the row, a small ditch is firstly formed on the surface of the furrow, the width of the small ditch is about 10cm generally, the depth of the ditch is about 3cm, and the distance between the ditch and the row ditch is about 25 cm. A layer of mixed fertilizer is firstly put in the grooves, the distance is about 2cm generally, then the blueberry seeds are dibbled, and the distance between the seeds is 4 or 5 or 6cm generally. After the blueberry seeds in each ditch are sowed, covering a layer of moss in the ditch until the seeds are not seen. Then pouring enough water and covering with a mulching film. A support with the height of 100cm is arranged on the bed surface, and a sunshade net with the light transmittance of 40 percent is covered on the support.

6. And (3) field management: (1) removing the film to weed: sowing for 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 days, starting to sprout, uncovering the mulching film after seedlings grow out, and ensuring intertillage weeding for more than 4 times each year. The first time in the middle of 4 months or in the last 5 months; second in late 5 or late 6 months; in late 6 or late 7 months for the third time; the fourth time is in the last and middle 8 months. (2) disease prevention fertilization: spraying 1 time of bactericide (800 times of carbendazim) and foliar fertilizer (0.2% of preston spraying green) every 14 days after seedling emergence. Fertilizing 4 times each year, respectively fertilizing once in late 4 months, late 5 months, middle 7 days and middle 10 months. The fertilizer is mainly human and animal manure water or bean cake decomposed water and decomposed animal manure, and preferably no fertilizer is used. (3) moisture management: when the bed surface is dry, watering is carried out at proper time (the water content of the bed surface is 40-60%).

7. Seedling separation and transplanting: transplanting the seedlings when the seedlings grow to about 10cm from the last 4 months to the middle 5 months of the year 2. The row spacing of the transplanted plants is in triangular contraposition, namely 15 multiplied by 20cm is in staggered planting. The planting depth is determined according to the length of roots, but the roots cannot be indented, the soil is covered and compacted, and the root fixing water is thoroughly poured. After the seedlings are separated, the seedlings are cultivated for 1 year, and then the seedlings can be outplanted.

The blueberry seeds are successfully bred and raised in seedling, the germination rate of the blueberry seeds reaches over 90 percent, the seedling rate reaches over 90 percent, and the seedlings are robust and good in quality. The nursery stock has vigorous growth, developed root system, strong stress resistance and long service life after field planting. The seedling raising method is simple and convenient and has low cost.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and all of the embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A germination accelerating method for blueberry seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:

after the blueberry seeds are cleaned, soaking and disinfecting the blueberry seeds for 1-3 h by using 0.5 mass percent potassium permanganate solution, taking out the blueberry seeds, sealing the blueberry seeds for 0.4-0.8 h, washing the blueberry seeds by using deionized water, and soaking the blueberry seeds for 46-50 h by using 100mg/LKT to obtain treated blueberry seeds;

disinfecting the river sand screened by 2mm with 0.2 percent of carbendazim by mass percent for 0.8-1.2 h, and cleaning the river sand with clear water to obtain the treated river sand, wherein the water content of the river sand is 60 percent;

mixing the treated blueberry seeds and the treated river sand according to a volume ratio of 1:3 mixing, filling into a plastic bag, fastening the bag opening, putting into a refrigerator, keeping the temperature at 0-5 ℃, and taking out the seeds after 40 days; placing the mixture at the temperature of between 10 and 20 ℃ for 18 to 22 days; putting the seeds into the refrigerating chamber of the refrigerator again, keeping the temperature at 0-5 ℃, and taking out the seeds after 40 days; and putting the mixture at the temperature of between 10 and 2 ℃ for 18 to 22 days again, and periodically checking the mixture to keep the seed sand mixture at a certain humidity.

2. The pregermination method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the time for the seed soaking sterilization with 0.5% by mass potassium permanganate solution is 2h.

3. Pregermination method according to claim 1, characterized in that the blocking time is 0.5h.

4. Pregermination method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the time for seed soaking with 100mg/LKT is 48h.

5. A blueberry seed propagation and seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

A. collecting mature fresh blueberry fruits, putting the fruits into a barrel, adding water, standing for 2-3 days for stacking and retting, treading and kneading to separate pulp from seeds, adding water for 3-6 times for rinsing, and removing immature seeds and pulp floating on the water surface;

B. carrying out germination accelerating treatment on blueberry seeds by using the germination accelerating method of any one of claims 1-4, and sowing after the seeds germinate in white;

C. after land selection, applying rotten animal manure or soil miscellaneous fertilizers according to 300 kg/mu, wherein the pH value of the soil is more than 5.5, doping acid turf, applying sulfur powder or aluminum sulfate, covering sawdust and rotten barks, adjusting the pH value to be between 4 and 5, deeply ploughing the soil, harrowing for 2 to 3 times before sowing, leveling before ploughing, making beds, wherein the width of the bed is 1.5 to 2m, and the width of a footpath is 40cm;

D. when in sowing, seeds and sand are sowed in a row, before sowing in a row, a small ditch is firstly formed on the surface of a furrow, the width of the small ditch is generally 9-11 cm, the depth of the ditch is 2-4 cm, the distance between the ditch and the furrow is 24-26 cm, a layer of mixed fertilizer is firstly put in the ditch, then blueberry seeds are dibbled, the interspecific distance is 4-6 cm, after the blueberry seeds in each ditch are sowed, a layer of moss is covered in the ditch, then watering is carried out, a mulching film is covered, and the blueberry seeds are ensured to sprout;

E. sowing for 7-10 days, starting to grow seedlings, uncovering the mulching film after the seedlings grow out uniformly, and intertilling and weeding for 4 times every year; spraying 1 time of bactericide and foliar fertilizer every 14 days after seedling emergence, and then fertilizing 4 times every year, wherein the fertilizers are respectively applied once in the last ten days of 4 months, the last ten days of 5 months, the middle ten days of 7 and the middle and last ten days of 10 months; drying the bed surface and watering;

F. and (4) separating seedlings and transplanting when the seedlings grow to 10cm from 4 to 5 middle months of the 2 nd year, culturing for 1 year after separating seedlings, and outplanting.

6. The method for breeding and growing seedlings of seeds according to claim 5, wherein: the mixed fertilizer is a fine soil fertilizer prepared by mixing 200kg of burnt soil, 10kg of calcium superphosphate and 10kg of compound fertilizer, uniformly stirring, smashing and sieving.