CN115119803B - Breeding method of super-quality green-foot fibrilia broiler chickens - Google Patents
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- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
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- AUHDWARTFSKSAC-HEIFUQTGSA-N (2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(6-oxo-1H-purin-9-yl)oxolane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound [C@]1([C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)(N1C=NC=2C(O)=NC=NC12)C(=O)O AUHDWARTFSKSAC-HEIFUQTGSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- GRSZFWQUAKGDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Inosinic acid Natural products OC1C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)OC1N1C(NC=NC2=O)=C2N=C1 GRSZFWQUAKGDAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of special quality type green-foot fibrilia broiler, which comprises the steps of constructing a male parent system, constructing a female parent system and breeding the special quality type green-foot fibrilia broiler, wherein the special appearance, the special body type and the fresh and delicious meat quality of the green-foot fibrilia broiler are selected and maintained in the breeding process; the method creates an individual body appearance selection index, a group meat quality comprehensive index, an individual comprehensive selection index and a group comprehensive selection index for fine selection of the breeding hens, considers body appearance, weight and meat quality flavor, realizes the accurate selection of the super-quality individuals, and ensures that the cultivated super-quality green-foot fibrilia broiler commodity generation group has the advantages of beautiful appearance, attractive body shape, long shank, thin legs, good meat quality and flavor and high production efficiency, is suitable for large-scale ecological breeding, and meets the requirements of high-end consumer markets.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of genetic breeding of chickens, in particular to a breeding method of super-quality green-foot fibrilia broilers.
Background
The green-foot fibrilia broiler is a general name of main local chicken species in southern areas of China, the colors of the shin and the foot are cyan, the color of the feathers of an adult hen is jute, the color of the feathers of an adult cock is red or black red, the cockscomb of a cock and a hen is reddish, the local chicken species of the type has the advantages of attractive body type and good meat flavor, the disadvantages of low production efficiency, long cultivation time and high material consumption, in recent years, the relevant breeding institutions in China artificially cultivate a series of new species of green-foot fibrilia broiler by taking the local chicken species of the green-foot fibrilia as materials, the species are very similar in appearance and the local chicken species, but the stability or improvement of the meat quality character is ignored due to the over-emphasis of the production efficiency character, the quality and taste flavor of chicken are reduced, the special quality cultivated species with good meat quality and high production efficiency are difficult to find in the market, the growing requirements of good quality life of people are not met, meanwhile, the development of the chickens industry is seriously influenced, the special quality green-foot fibrilia broiler species of the invention has the characteristics of good meat flavor, the production efficiency is high-quality and the development of the country industry is greatly important to promote the development of the industry of the quality industry of the country, and has important requirements for the development of the quality industry.
SUMMARY OF THE PATENT FOR INVENTION
The invention aims to provide a breeding method of super-quality green-foot fibrilia broiler chickens, and in order to achieve the purposes, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a breeding method of extra-quality green-foot fibrilia broilers, which comprises the steps of constructing a male parent, constructing a female parent and breeding the extra-quality green-foot fibrilia broilers;
the male parent comprises selection of a cock group of the male parent, selection of a hen group of the male parent and construction of the male parent, and the female parent comprises selection of an alternative group, selection of a cock group of the female parent, selection of a hen group of the female parent and construction of the female parent;
selecting 2000 cocks of a middle-speed green-foot fibrilia broiler BS01 series artificially cultivated, performing data non-unit standardization on each index during individual selection, then respectively giving feather color grading, weight, shank length and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes, calculating individual appearance selection indexes, sorting according to the absolute value of the indexes, and selecting 100 cocks which are ranked to be 5% in front, wherein the selected cocks have the characteristics of beautiful appearance, shank length, shank fineness, moderate weight and high uniformity;
The selection of the hen group comprises the steps of preselecting more than 10 green foot tingling local hen species, firstly, sampling and measuring meat quality indexes of 120 days old of the hen group, wherein the sampling and measuring method comprises the following steps: each variety is drawn 3 small groups according to the standard deviation of group weight average value +2 times, the weight average value and the standard deviation of weight average value-2 times, the number of each group is 30, 4 parts of equal weight mixed samples of leg muscle and pectoral muscle are taken after slaughter, 1 part of equal weight mixed samples are used for measuring drip loss, 1 part of equal weight mixed samples are used for measuring shearing force, 1 part of equal weight mixed samples are used for measuring muscle fiber diameter and muscle fiber density, 1 part of equal weight mixed samples are used for measuring inosinic acid content and intramuscular fat content after meat emulsion is prepared, each index is subjected to data non-unit standardization, then standardized data of 6 meat quality indexes of drip loss, shearing force, muscle fiber diameter, muscle fiber density, inosinic acid content and intramuscular fat content are respectively given, and the average value of meat quality selection indexes of 3 small groups of each variety is calculated to be used as the group meat quality comprehensive index of a single variety, determining pre-selected individual feather color scores, weights, shank lengths and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes of each local chicken species, carrying out data non-unit standardization on the indexes, then respectively giving standardized data of the 4 individual appearance indexes, calculating group appearance selection indexes, carrying out data non-unit standardization on the meat quality comprehensive indexes and the body appearance comprehensive selection indexes of each variety, judging the hen of each variety through the group comprehensive selection indexes, selecting 4000 hen groups with the first group comprehensive indexes as breeding materials BS02, carrying out data non-unit standardization on the hen body appearance scores and the group comprehensive selection indexes in the BS02 groups, sorting according to the absolute value of the indexes, selecting 800 hens which are sorted to be 20% in front, wherein the selected hens have the characteristics of beautiful appearance, shank lengths, leg fineness, moderate weight size, high uniformity and good meat quality and flavor;
The construction of the father line comprises the steps of taking 100 BS01 series cocks and 800 BS02 hens which are preferably selected as S01 series, breeding 4 generations according to a traditional subculture breeding method, wherein the selection of individual cocks and hens is needed before each generation is reserved according to the following mode, feather color scoring, weight, shank length and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes are needed to be measured at 120 weeks of age, data non-unit standardization is firstly carried out on each index during individual selection, then the feather color scoring, weight, shank length and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes are respectively given, individual appearance selection indexes are calculated, 200 cocks and 1000 hens which are ranked in front are selected according to the absolute value of the indexes;
the selection group screening comprises preselecting more than 10 green foot tingling local chicken species, firstly, the meat quality indexes of 120 days of the cock and hen groups are sampled, and the sampling method comprises the following steps: 3 small groups are selected according to the standard deviation of the average value of the body weight of a cock and hen group +2 times, the average value of the body weight and the standard deviation of the average value-2 times, the number of the cock and the hen of each group is 15, 4 parts of equal weight mixed samples of leg muscles and pectoral muscles are taken from each chicken after slaughter, 1 part is used for measuring drip loss, 1 part is used for measuring shearing force, 1 part is used for measuring myofiber diameter and myofiber density, 1 part is used for measuring inosinic acid content and intramuscular fat content after meat emulsion preparation, no unit standardization is carried out on data of each index, then 6 meat quality indexes of drip loss, shearing force, myofiber diameter, myofiber density, inosinic acid content and intramuscular fat content are respectively given, the average value of meat quality comprehensive selection indexes of 3 small groups of each group is calculated to serve as the group comprehensive index of single group, the pre-selected local chicken feather color score, the average body weight of the cock and hen, the average shank length of the cock and the average shank circumference of 4 individual appearance indexes of the cock are measured, no unit standardization is carried out on each data, and the comprehensive index of each chicken is calculated, each chicken is subjected to selection standard selection of no unit is carried out on the meat comprehensive index of each group selection index, and only 2000 groups are selected by the group selection comprehensive index is selected by the group selection index;
The selection of the cock group comprises the steps of carrying out data non-unit standardization on cock body appearance scoring and group comprehensive selection indexes in the BS03 group, sorting according to the absolute value of the indexes, selecting 100 hens with the top 5% of the sorting, wherein the selected cocks have the characteristics of beautiful appearance, long shin, thin legs, moderate weight, high uniformity and good meat quality and flavor;
the selection of the hen group comprises the step of carrying out data non-unit standardization on hen body appearance grading and group comprehensive selection indexes in the BS03 group, sorting according to the absolute value of the indexes, selecting 800 hens with 20 percent of the first sorting, wherein the selected hens have the characteristics of beautiful appearance, long shin, thin legs, moderate weight, high uniformity and good meat quality and flavor;
the construction of the maternal line comprises the steps of taking 100 BS03 hen and 800 BS03 hen which are preferably selected as S02 line, breeding 4 generations according to a traditional subculture breeding method, wherein the difference is that before each generation is reserved, individual selection of the hen is needed in the following way, feather color scoring, weight, shank length and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes are needed to be measured at 120 weeks of age, data non-unit standardization is firstly carried out on each index during individual selection, and an individual appearance comprehensive selection index is calculated, and 200 hens and 1000 hens which are ranked in front are selected according to the absolute value of the index;
The cultivation of the special quality green-foot fibrilia broiler comprises the steps of continuously breeding male parent S01 line and female parent S02 line for 4 generations, and then selecting the S01 line qualified cock to mate with the S02 line qualified hen, so that the special quality green-foot fibrilia broiler commodity generation group can be cultivated.
Preferably, in the selection of the male parent cock group, the medium-speed green-foot fibrilia broiler requires that the weight of 120-day-old cock is 2.0-2.2 kg, the feed-meat weight gain ratio is less than 3.0, the shank length is 9.5-10.0cm, and the shank circumference is 4.0-4.5cm.
Preferably, in the selection of the constituent male parent cock population, the normalized data of the 4 individual appearance indexes are weighted by 0.5, 0.4, 0.3 and-0.2.
Preferably, in the selection of the established father hen group, the green foot tingling local hen species requires that the weight of the 120-day-old hen is 1.8-2.0 kg, the shank length is 8.0-8.5cm, and the shank circumference is 3.8-4.0cm.
Preferably, in the selection of the established father hen group, the standardized data of 6 meat quality indexes are weighted by-0.3, -0.5, 0.5 and 0.5, the standardized data of 4 individual appearance indexes are weighted by 0.5, 0.5 and 0.1, -0.1, the meat quality comprehensive indexes and the body appearance comprehensive selection indexes are subjected to data non-unit standardization, the group comprehensive selection indexes are calculated by respectively giving weights of 0.5 and 0.5, the hen body appearance scores and the group comprehensive selection indexes are subjected to data non-unit standardization, and the individual comprehensive selection indexes are calculated by respectively giving weights of 0.5 and 0.5.
Preferably, in the step of constructing the male parent, the normalized data of the feather color score, the weight, the shank length and the shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes are weighted by 0.5, 0.2 and minus 0.2.
Preferably, in the selection step of the candidate group, the green-foot tingling local chicken species require that the weight of 120-day-old cock is 1.8-2.0 kg, the shank length is 9.5-10.0cm, the shank circumference is 4.0-4.2cm, the weight of 120-day-old hen is 1.6-1.8 kg, the shank length is 8.0-8.5cm, the shank circumference is 3.6-3.8cm, the standard data of 6 meat indexes of drip loss, shearing force, myofiber diameter, myofiber density, inosinic acid content and intramuscular fat content are standardized at weights of-0.3, -0.5, 0.5 and 0.5, the standard data of the average shank circumference of the chicken species feather score, the average shank length of the cock and the average shank circumference of the cock are standardized at weights of 0.6, 0.4, 0.1 and 0.1, the comprehensive index and the body appearance comprehensive selection index are subjected to the data non-unit standardization, and 0.6, and 0.4 comprehensive weight is calculated, respectively.
Preferably, in the selection of the established maternal cock group, the cock body appearance score and the group comprehensive selection index in the BS03 group are subjected to data unit-free standardization, and weights of 0.6 and 0.4 are respectively given to calculate the individual comprehensive selection index.
Preferably, in the selection of the maternal hen group, the maternal appearance score and the group comprehensive selection index in the BS03 group are normalized in a data unit-free manner, and weights of 0.4 and 0.6 are respectively given to calculate the individual comprehensive selection index.
Preferably, in the step of constructing the maternal line, the normalized data of the feather color score, the weight, the shank length and the shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes are weighted by 0.6, 0.4, 0.2 and minus 0.2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method of the invention selects and retains the special advantages of beautiful appearance, unique body shape, fresh meat quality and delicious taste of the green-foot spicy chicken in the cultivation process; the method creates an individual body appearance selection index, a group meat quality comprehensive index, an individual comprehensive selection index and a group comprehensive selection index for fine selection of the breeding hens, considers body appearance, weight and meat quality flavor, realizes the accurate selection of the special quality individuals, ensures that the cultivated commodity generation group of the special quality green-foot fibrilia broiler chickens has the advantages of beautiful appearance, elegant body shape, long shank, thin legs, good meat quality and flavor and high production efficiency, is suitable for large-scale ecological cultivation, meets the requirements of high-end consumer markets, and has important significance for promoting the development of the village industry by developing dominant characteristic industry and promoting the high-quality development of the broiler chickens in China.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will clearly and fully describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the inventor, are within the scope of the invention.
The breeding method of the special quality type green-foot fibrilia broiler comprises the steps of constructing a male parent line, constructing a female parent line and breeding the special quality type green-foot fibrilia broiler;
the male parent comprises selection of a cock group for constructing the male parent, selection of a hen group for constructing the male parent and construction of the male parent, and the female parent comprises selection of an alternative group, selection of a cock group for constructing the female parent, selection of a hen group for constructing the female parent and construction of the female parent;
selecting a cock group, namely selecting 2000 cocks of a BS01 series of artificially cultivated medium-speed green-foot fibrilia broilers, performing data unit-free standardization on each index during individual selection, then respectively giving feather color grading, weight, shank length and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes, calculating individual appearance selection indexes, sorting according to the absolute value of the indexes, and selecting 100 cocks which are ranked 5% earlier, wherein the selected cocks have the characteristics of beautiful appearance, shank length, shank fineness, moderate weight and high uniformity;
The selection of hen groups comprises the steps of preselecting more than 10 green foot and fibrilia local hen species, firstly, sampling and measuring meat quality indexes of 120 days old of the hen groups, wherein the sampling and measuring method comprises the following steps: each variety is drawn 3 small groups according to the standard deviation of group weight average value +2 times, the weight average value and the standard deviation of weight average value-2 times, the number of each group is 30, 4 parts of equal weight mixed samples of leg muscle and pectoral muscle are taken after slaughter, 1 part of equal weight mixed samples are used for measuring drip loss, 1 part of equal weight mixed samples are used for measuring shearing force, 1 part of equal weight mixed samples are used for measuring muscle fiber diameter and muscle fiber density, 1 part of equal weight mixed samples are used for measuring inosinic acid content and intramuscular fat content after meat emulsion is prepared, each index is subjected to data non-unit standardization, then standardized data of 6 meat quality indexes of drip loss, shearing force, muscle fiber diameter, muscle fiber density, inosinic acid content and intramuscular fat content are respectively given, and the average value of meat quality selection indexes of 3 small groups of each variety is calculated to be used as the group meat quality comprehensive index of a single variety, determining pre-selected individual feather color scores, weights, shank lengths and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes of each local chicken species, carrying out data non-unit standardization on the indexes, then respectively giving standardized data of the 4 individual appearance indexes, calculating group appearance selection indexes, carrying out data non-unit standardization on the meat quality comprehensive indexes and the body appearance comprehensive selection indexes of each variety, judging the hen of each variety through the group comprehensive selection indexes, selecting 4000 hen groups with the first group comprehensive indexes as breeding materials BS02, carrying out data non-unit standardization on the hen body appearance scores and the group comprehensive selection indexes in the BS02 groups, sorting according to the absolute value of the indexes, selecting 800 hens which are sorted to be 20% in front, wherein the selected hens have the characteristics of beautiful appearance, shank lengths, leg fineness, moderate weight size, high uniformity and good meat quality and flavor;
The construction of the male parent comprises the steps of taking 100 BS01 series cocks and 800 BS02 hens which are preferably selected as S01 series, breeding 4 generations according to a traditional subculture breeding method, wherein the selection of individual cocks and hens is required before each generation is reserved according to the following mode, feather color scoring, weight, shank length and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes are required to be measured at 120 weeks of age, data non-unit standardization is firstly carried out on each index during individual selection, then the feather color scoring, weight, shank length and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes are respectively given, individual appearance selection indexes are calculated, 200 cocks and 1000 hens which are ranked in front are selected according to the absolute value of the indexes;
the screening of the alternative group comprises the steps of preselecting more than 10 green foot tingling local chicken species, firstly, sampling and measuring meat quality indexes of 120 days of a cock and hen group, wherein the sampling and measuring method comprises the following steps: 3 small groups are selected according to the standard deviation of the average value of the body weight of a cock and hen group +2 times, the average value of the body weight and the standard deviation of the average value-2 times, the number of the cock and the hen of each group is 15, 4 parts of equal weight mixed samples of leg muscles and pectoral muscles are taken from each chicken after slaughter, 1 part is used for measuring drip loss, 1 part is used for measuring shearing force, 1 part is used for measuring myofiber diameter and myofiber density, 1 part is used for measuring inosinic acid content and intramuscular fat content after meat emulsion preparation, no unit standardization is carried out on data of each index, then 6 meat quality indexes of drip loss, shearing force, myofiber diameter, myofiber density, inosinic acid content and intramuscular fat content are respectively given, the average value of meat quality comprehensive selection indexes of 3 small groups of each group is calculated to serve as the group comprehensive index of single group, the pre-selected local chicken feather color score, the average body weight of the cock and hen, the average shank length of the cock and the average shank circumference of 4 individual appearance indexes of the cock are measured, no unit standardization is carried out on each data, and the comprehensive index of each chicken is calculated, each chicken is subjected to selection standard selection of no unit is carried out on the meat comprehensive index of each group selection index, and only 2000 groups are selected by the group selection comprehensive index is selected by the group selection index;
The selection of the cock group comprises the steps of carrying out data non-unit standardization on cock body appearance scoring and group comprehensive selection indexes in the BS03 group, sorting according to the absolute value of the indexes, selecting 100 hens with the top 5% of the sorting, wherein the selected cocks have the characteristics of beautiful appearance, long shin, thin legs, moderate weight, high uniformity and good meat quality and flavor;
the hen group selection comprises the steps of carrying out data non-unit standardization on hen body appearance grading and group comprehensive selection indexes in the BS03 group, sorting according to the absolute value of the indexes, selecting 800 hens with 20 percent of the first sorting, wherein the selected hens have the characteristics of beautiful appearance, long shin length, thin legs, moderate weight, high uniformity and good meat quality and flavor;
the maternal line is established by taking 100 BS03 series cocks and 800 BS03 hens which are preferably selected as S02 series, breeding 4 generations according to a traditional subculture breeding method, wherein the selection of individual cocks and hens is required before each generation is reserved, feather color scoring, weight, shank length and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes are required to be measured at 120 weeks of age, data non-unit standardization is firstly carried out on each index during individual selection, an individual appearance comprehensive selection index is calculated, the absolute value of the indexes is ranked, and 200 cocks and 1000 hens which are ranked in front are selected;
The cultivation of the special quality green-foot fibrilia broiler comprises the steps of continuously breeding male parent S01 line and female parent S02 line for 4 generations, and then selecting the S01 line qualified cock to mate with the S02 line qualified hen, so that the commercial generation group of the special quality green-foot fibrilia broiler can be cultivated.
Embodiment one:
the breeding method of the special quality type green-foot fibrilia broiler comprises the steps of constructing a male parent line, constructing a female parent line and breeding the special quality type green-foot fibrilia broiler;
the male parent comprises selection of a cock group for constructing the male parent, selection of a hen group for constructing the male parent and construction of the male parent, and the female parent comprises selection of an alternative group, selection of a cock group for constructing the female parent, selection of a hen group for constructing the female parent and construction of the female parent;
selecting a cock group, namely selecting 2000 cocks of a BS01 series of artificially cultivated medium-speed green-foot fibrilia broilers, performing data unit-free standardization on each index during individual selection, then respectively giving feather color grading, weight, shank length and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes, calculating individual appearance selection indexes, sorting according to the absolute value of the indexes, and selecting 100 cocks which are ranked 5% earlier, wherein the selected cocks have the characteristics of beautiful appearance, shank length, shank fineness, moderate weight and high uniformity;
The selection of hen groups comprises the steps of preselecting more than 10 green foot and fibrilia local hen species, firstly, sampling and measuring meat quality indexes of 120 days old of the hen groups, wherein the sampling and measuring method comprises the following steps: each variety is drawn 3 small groups according to the standard deviation of group weight average value +2 times, the weight average value and the standard deviation of weight average value-2 times, the number of each group is 30, 4 parts of equal weight mixed samples of leg muscle and pectoral muscle are taken after slaughter, 1 part of equal weight mixed samples are used for measuring drip loss, 1 part of equal weight mixed samples are used for measuring shearing force, 1 part of equal weight mixed samples are used for measuring muscle fiber diameter and muscle fiber density, 1 part of equal weight mixed samples are used for measuring inosinic acid content and intramuscular fat content after meat emulsion is prepared, each index is subjected to data non-unit standardization, then standardized data of 6 meat quality indexes of drip loss, shearing force, muscle fiber diameter, muscle fiber density, inosinic acid content and intramuscular fat content are respectively given, and the average value of meat quality selection indexes of 3 small groups of each variety is calculated to be used as the group meat quality comprehensive index of a single variety, determining pre-selected individual feather color scores, weights, shank lengths and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes of each local chicken species, carrying out data non-unit standardization on the indexes, then respectively giving standardized data of the 4 individual appearance indexes, calculating group appearance selection indexes, carrying out data non-unit standardization on the meat quality comprehensive indexes and the body appearance comprehensive selection indexes of each variety, judging the hen of each variety through the group comprehensive selection indexes, selecting 4000 hen groups with the first group comprehensive indexes as breeding materials BS02, carrying out data non-unit standardization on the hen body appearance scores and the group comprehensive selection indexes in the BS02 groups, sorting according to the absolute value of the indexes, selecting 800 hens which are sorted to be 20% in front, wherein the selected hens have the characteristics of beautiful appearance, shank lengths, leg fineness, moderate weight size, high uniformity and good meat quality and flavor;
The construction of the male parent comprises the steps of taking 100 BS01 series cocks and 800 BS02 hens which are preferably selected as S01 series, breeding 4 generations according to a traditional subculture breeding method, wherein the selection of individual cocks and hens is required before each generation is reserved according to the following mode, feather color scoring, weight, shank length and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes are required to be measured at 120 weeks of age, data non-unit standardization is firstly carried out on each index during individual selection, then the feather color scoring, weight, shank length and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes are respectively given, individual appearance selection indexes are calculated, 200 cocks and 1000 hens which are ranked in front are selected according to the absolute value of the indexes;
the screening of the alternative group comprises the steps of preselecting more than 10 green foot tingling local chicken species, firstly, sampling and measuring meat quality indexes of 120 days of a cock and hen group, wherein the sampling and measuring method comprises the following steps: 3 small groups are selected according to the standard deviation of the average value of the body weight of a cock and hen group +2 times, the average value of the body weight and the standard deviation of the average value-2 times, the number of the cock and the hen of each group is 15, 4 parts of equal weight mixed samples of leg muscles and pectoral muscles are taken from each chicken after slaughter, 1 part is used for measuring drip loss, 1 part is used for measuring shearing force, 1 part is used for measuring myofiber diameter and myofiber density, 1 part is used for measuring inosinic acid content and intramuscular fat content after meat emulsion preparation, no unit standardization is carried out on data of each index, then 6 meat quality indexes of drip loss, shearing force, myofiber diameter, myofiber density, inosinic acid content and intramuscular fat content are respectively given, the average value of meat quality comprehensive selection indexes of 3 small groups of each group is calculated to serve as the group comprehensive index of single group, the pre-selected local chicken feather color score, the average body weight of the cock and hen, the average shank length of the cock and the average shank circumference of 4 individual appearance indexes of the cock are measured, no unit standardization is carried out on each data, and the comprehensive index of each chicken is calculated, each chicken is subjected to selection standard selection of no unit is carried out on the meat comprehensive index of each group selection index, and only 2000 groups are selected by the group selection comprehensive index is selected by the group selection index;
The selection of the cock group comprises the steps of carrying out data non-unit standardization on cock body appearance scoring and group comprehensive selection indexes in the BS03 group, sorting according to the absolute value of the indexes, selecting 100 hens with the top 5% of the sorting, wherein the selected cocks have the characteristics of beautiful appearance, long shin, thin legs, moderate weight, high uniformity and good meat quality and flavor;
the hen group selection comprises the steps of carrying out data non-unit standardization on hen body appearance grading and group comprehensive selection indexes in the BS03 group, sorting according to the absolute value of the indexes, selecting 800 hens with 20 percent of the first sorting, wherein the selected hens have the characteristics of beautiful appearance, long shin length, thin legs, moderate weight, high uniformity and good meat quality and flavor;
the maternal line is established by taking 100 BS03 series cocks and 800 BS03 hens which are preferably selected as S02 series, breeding 4 generations according to a traditional subculture breeding method, wherein the selection of individual cocks and hens is required before each generation is reserved, feather color scoring, weight, shank length and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes are required to be measured at 120 weeks of age, data non-unit standardization is firstly carried out on each index during individual selection, an individual appearance comprehensive selection index is calculated, the absolute value of the indexes is ranked, and 200 cocks and 1000 hens which are ranked in front are selected;
The cultivation of the special quality green-foot fibrilia broiler comprises the steps of continuously breeding male parent S01 line and female parent S02 line for 4 generations, and then selecting the S01 line qualified cock to mate with the S02 line qualified hen, so that the commercial generation group of the special quality green-foot fibrilia broiler can be cultivated.
In this embodiment: in the selection of the male parent cock group, medium-speed green-foot fibrilia broiler chickens require that the weight of 120-day-old cock chickens is 2.0 kg, the feed-meat weight ratio is less than 3.0, the shank length is 9.5cm, the shank circumference is 4.0cm, in the selection of the male parent cock group, the standardized data of 4 individual appearance indexes are weighted by 0.5, 0.4, 0.3 and minus 0.2, in the selection of the male parent hen group, the green-foot fibrilia local chickens require that the weight of 120-day-old hen chickens is 1.8-2.0 kg, the shank length is 8.0cm, the shank circumference is 3.8cm, in the selection of the male parent hen group, the standardized data of 6 meat indexes are weighted by-0.3, -0.5, 0.5 and 0.5, the standardized data of 4 individual appearance indexes are standardized with weights of 0.5, 0.1 and minus 0.1, the standard data of meat quality comprehensive indexes and body appearance comprehensive selection indexes are respectively given with weights of 0.5 and 0.5 in a unit-free manner, the standard data of hen body appearance scores and the standard data of the body population comprehensive selection indexes are respectively given with weights of 0.5 and 0.5 in a unit-free manner, the standard data of 4 individual appearance indexes of feather color scores, body weights, shank lengths and shank circumference are given with weights of 0.5, 0.2 and minus 0.2 in a male parent construction step.
Embodiment two:
the breeding method of the special quality type green-foot fibrilia broiler comprises the steps of constructing a male parent line, constructing a female parent line and breeding the special quality type green-foot fibrilia broiler;
the male parent comprises selection of a cock group for constructing the male parent, selection of a hen group for constructing the male parent and construction of the male parent, and the female parent comprises selection of an alternative group, selection of a cock group for constructing the female parent, selection of a hen group for constructing the female parent and construction of the female parent;
selecting a cock group, namely selecting 2000 cocks of a BS01 series of artificially cultivated medium-speed green-foot fibrilia broilers, performing data unit-free standardization on each index during individual selection, then respectively giving feather color grading, weight, shank length and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes, calculating individual appearance selection indexes, sorting according to the absolute value of the indexes, and selecting 100 cocks which are ranked 5% earlier, wherein the selected cocks have the characteristics of beautiful appearance, shank length, shank fineness, moderate weight and high uniformity;
the selection of hen groups comprises the steps of preselecting more than 10 green foot and fibrilia local hen species, firstly, sampling and measuring meat quality indexes of 120 days old of the hen groups, wherein the sampling and measuring method comprises the following steps: each variety is drawn 3 small groups according to the standard deviation of group weight average value +2 times, the weight average value and the standard deviation of weight average value-2 times, the number of each group is 30, 4 parts of equal weight mixed samples of leg muscle and pectoral muscle are taken after slaughter, 1 part of equal weight mixed samples are used for measuring drip loss, 1 part of equal weight mixed samples are used for measuring shearing force, 1 part of equal weight mixed samples are used for measuring muscle fiber diameter and muscle fiber density, 1 part of equal weight mixed samples are used for measuring inosinic acid content and intramuscular fat content after meat emulsion is prepared, each index is subjected to data non-unit standardization, then standardized data of 6 meat quality indexes of drip loss, shearing force, muscle fiber diameter, muscle fiber density, inosinic acid content and intramuscular fat content are respectively given, and the average value of meat quality selection indexes of 3 small groups of each variety is calculated to be used as the group meat quality comprehensive index of a single variety, determining pre-selected individual feather color scores, weights, shank lengths and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes of each local chicken species, carrying out data non-unit standardization on the indexes, then respectively giving standardized data of the 4 individual appearance indexes, calculating group appearance selection indexes, carrying out data non-unit standardization on the meat quality comprehensive indexes and the body appearance comprehensive selection indexes of each variety, judging the hen of each variety through the group comprehensive selection indexes, selecting 4000 hen groups with the first group comprehensive indexes as breeding materials BS02, carrying out data non-unit standardization on the hen body appearance scores and the group comprehensive selection indexes in the BS02 groups, sorting according to the absolute value of the indexes, selecting 800 hens which are sorted to be 20% in front, wherein the selected hens have the characteristics of beautiful appearance, shank lengths, leg fineness, moderate weight size, high uniformity and good meat quality and flavor;
The construction of the male parent comprises the steps of taking 100 BS01 series cocks and 800 BS02 hens which are preferably selected as S01 series, breeding 4 generations according to a traditional subculture breeding method, wherein the selection of individual cocks and hens is required before each generation is reserved according to the following mode, feather color scoring, weight, shank length and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes are required to be measured at 120 weeks of age, data non-unit standardization is firstly carried out on each index during individual selection, then the feather color scoring, weight, shank length and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes are respectively given, individual appearance selection indexes are calculated, 200 cocks and 1000 hens which are ranked in front are selected according to the absolute value of the indexes;
the screening of the alternative group comprises the steps of preselecting more than 10 green foot tingling local chicken species, firstly, sampling and measuring meat quality indexes of 120 days of a cock and hen group, wherein the sampling and measuring method comprises the following steps: 3 small groups are selected according to the standard deviation of the average value of the body weight of a cock and hen group +2 times, the average value of the body weight and the standard deviation of the average value-2 times, the number of the cock and the hen of each group is 15, 4 parts of equal weight mixed samples of leg muscles and pectoral muscles are taken from each chicken after slaughter, 1 part is used for measuring drip loss, 1 part is used for measuring shearing force, 1 part is used for measuring myofiber diameter and myofiber density, 1 part is used for measuring inosinic acid content and intramuscular fat content after meat emulsion preparation, no unit standardization is carried out on data of each index, then 6 meat quality indexes of drip loss, shearing force, myofiber diameter, myofiber density, inosinic acid content and intramuscular fat content are respectively given, the average value of meat quality comprehensive selection indexes of 3 small groups of each group is calculated to serve as the group comprehensive index of single group, the pre-selected local chicken feather color score, the average body weight of the cock and hen, the average shank length of the cock and the average shank circumference of 4 individual appearance indexes of the cock are measured, no unit standardization is carried out on each data, and the comprehensive index of each chicken is calculated, each chicken is subjected to selection standard selection of no unit is carried out on the meat comprehensive index of each group selection index, and only 2000 groups are selected by the group selection comprehensive index is selected by the group selection index;
The selection of the cock group comprises the steps of carrying out data non-unit standardization on cock body appearance scoring and group comprehensive selection indexes in the BS03 group, sorting according to the absolute value of the indexes, selecting 100 hens with the top 5% of the sorting, wherein the selected cocks have the characteristics of beautiful appearance, long shin, thin legs, moderate weight, high uniformity and good meat quality and flavor;
the hen group selection comprises the steps of carrying out data non-unit standardization on hen body appearance grading and group comprehensive selection indexes in the BS03 group, sorting according to the absolute value of the indexes, selecting 800 hens with 20 percent of the first sorting, wherein the selected hens have the characteristics of beautiful appearance, long shin length, thin legs, moderate weight, high uniformity and good meat quality and flavor;
the maternal line is established by taking 100 BS03 series cocks and 800 BS03 hens which are preferably selected as S02 series, breeding 4 generations according to a traditional subculture breeding method, wherein the selection of individual cocks and hens is required before each generation is reserved, feather color scoring, weight, shank length and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes are required to be measured at 120 weeks of age, data non-unit standardization is firstly carried out on each index during individual selection, an individual appearance comprehensive selection index is calculated, the absolute value of the indexes is ranked, and 200 cocks and 1000 hens which are ranked in front are selected;
The cultivation of the special quality green-foot fibrilia broiler comprises the steps of continuously breeding male parent S01 line and female parent S02 line for 4 generations, and then selecting the S01 line qualified cock to mate with the S02 line qualified hen, so that the commercial generation group of the special quality green-foot fibrilia broiler can be cultivated.
In this embodiment: in the selection of the male parent cock group, medium-speed green-foot fibrilia broiler chickens require that the weight of 120-day-old cock chickens is 2.2 kg, the feed-to-meat weight ratio is less than 3.0, the shank length is 10.0cm, the shank circumference is 4.5cm, in the selection of the male parent cock group, the standardized data of 4 individual appearance indexes are weighted by 0.5, 0.4, 0.3 and-0.2, in the selection of the male parent hen group, green-foot fibrilia local chickens require that the weight of 120-day-old hen chickens is 2.0 kg, the shank length is 8.5cm, the shank circumference is 4.0cm, in the selection of the male parent hen group, the standardized data of 6 meat quality indexes are weighted by-0.3, 0.5 and 0.5, the standardized data of 4 individual appearance indexes are weighted by 0.5, 0.1 and 0.5, the standard of the whole body appearance indexes are calculated by the weight-free unit data and the whole body appearance indexes, the hen body appearance score and the group comprehensive selection index are subjected to data non-unit standardization, the individual comprehensive selection indexes are calculated by respectively giving weights of 0.5 and 0.5, in the father system construction step, the standardized data of feather color score, weight, shank length and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes are weighted by weights of 0.5, 0.2 and 0.2, in the alternative group screening step, the local hen species with green feet and spicy feather is required to have a weight of 2.0 kg of a hen with 120 days old, the shank length is 10.0cm, the shank circumference is 4.2cm, the hen with 120 days old is 1.8 kg, the shank length is 8.5cm, the shank circumference is 3.8cm, the standardized data of 6 meat quality indexes of drip loss, shearing force, muscle fiber diameter, muscle fiber density, inosinic acid content and intramuscular fat content are weighted by weights of-0.3, -0.5, 0.5 and 0.5, and the average feather color score, the average hen shank length and the average shank circumference length of a hen are weighted by 0.5 Weights of 0.4, 0.1 and-0.1, quality comprehensive indexes and body appearance comprehensive selection indexes are subjected to data unit-free standardization, group comprehensive selection indexes are calculated by respectively giving weights of 0.6 and 0.4, in the selection of a group of established parent cock, body appearance scores and group comprehensive selection indexes in a group of BS03 are subjected to data unit-free standardization, individual comprehensive selection indexes are calculated by respectively giving weights of 0.6 and 0.4, in the selection of established parent hen, body appearance scores and group comprehensive selection indexes in a group of BS03 are subjected to data unit-free standardization, and individual comprehensive selection indexes are calculated by respectively giving weights of 0.4 and 0.6, and standardized data of body appearance indexes of 4 individuals of feather color scores, body weights, shank lengths and shank lengths are weighted by 0.6, 0.4 and 0.2 in the establishment of parent hen.
The method of the invention selects and retains the special advantages of beautiful appearance, unique body shape, fresh meat quality and delicious taste of the green-foot spicy chicken in the cultivation process; the method creates an individual body appearance selection index, a group meat quality comprehensive index, an individual comprehensive selection index and a group comprehensive selection index for fine selection of the breeding hens, considers body appearance, weight and meat quality flavor, realizes the accurate selection of the special quality individuals, ensures that the cultivated commodity generation group of the special quality green-foot fibrilia broiler chickens has the advantages of beautiful appearance, elegant body shape, long shank, thin legs, good meat quality and flavor and high production efficiency, is suitable for large-scale ecological cultivation, meets the requirements of high-end consumer markets, and has important significance for promoting the development of the village industry by developing dominant characteristic industry and promoting the high-quality development of the broiler chickens in China.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A breeding method of super-quality green-foot fibrilia broiler chicken is characterized by comprising the following steps: the breeding method of the special quality type green-foot fibrilia broiler comprises the steps of constructing a male parent system, constructing a female parent system and breeding the special quality type green-foot fibrilia broiler;
the set-up male parent comprises selection of a cock population, selection of a hen population and set-up of male parent, and the set-up female parent comprises selection of an alternative population, selection of a cock population, selection of a hen population and set-up of a female parent;
selecting 2000 cock groups of a BS01 series of medium-speed green-foot fibrilia broilers for establishing a male parent, then respectively giving feather color scores, weights, shank lengths and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes to calculate individual appearance selection indexes, sorting 100 cock groups which are 5% in front according to the absolute value of the individual appearance selection indexes, wherein the selected cock groups have the characteristics of beautiful appearance, shank lengths, shank fineness, moderate weight and high uniformity;
the selection of the hen group for constructing the male parent comprises the steps of preselecting more than 10 green-foot tingling local hen species, firstly, carrying out spot measurement on meat quality indexes of 120 days of the hen group, wherein the spot measurement method comprises the following steps: each variety is drawn out 3 small groups according to the standard deviation of group weight average value +2 times, the weight average value and the standard deviation of weight average value-2 times, the number of each small group is 30, 4 parts of equal weight mixed samples of leg muscle and pectoral muscle are taken after slaughtering, 1 part of equal weight mixed samples are used for measuring drip loss, 1 part of equal weight mixed samples are used for measuring shearing force, 1 part of equal weight mixed samples are used for measuring muscle fiber diameter and muscle fiber density, 1 part of equal weight mixed samples are used for measuring inosinic acid content and intramuscular fat content after being made into meat emulsion, each meat index is subjected to data non-unit standardization, and then standardized data of 6 meat index of drip loss, shearing force, muscle fiber diameter, muscle fiber density, inosinic acid content and intramuscular fat content are respectively given, so that the average value of meat quality selection index of 3 small groups of each variety is calculated, the average value of the meat quality selection index of meat index of each variety is used as the group comprehensive index of single variety, determining pre-selected feather color score, weight, shank length and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes of each local chicken species, carrying out data non-unit standardization on the individual appearance indexes, then respectively giving standardized data of the 4 individual appearance indexes, thereby calculating group appearance selection indexes, carrying out data non-unit standardization on group meat quality comprehensive indexes and group appearance selection indexes of each variety, respectively giving weight calculation to obtain group comprehensive selection indexes, judging hen of each variety through the group comprehensive selection indexes, selecting hen group 4000 with the first rank of the group comprehensive selection indexes as breeding materials BS02, carrying out data non-unit standardization on hen body appearance score and group comprehensive selection indexes in the BS02 group, respectively giving weight calculation to obtain individual comprehensive selection indexes, sorting according to absolute values of the individual comprehensive selection indexes, selecting hen 800 with the sorting of 20 percent, the selected hen has the characteristics of beautiful appearance, long shin, thin legs, moderate weight, high uniformity and good meat quality and flavor;
The construction of the father line comprises the steps of taking the best 100 BS 01-line cocks and 800 BS02 hens as S01 lines, breeding 4 generations according to a traditional subculture breeding method, selecting individual cocks according to the following mode before each generation is reserved, measuring feather color scoring, weight, shank length and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes at 120 weeks of age, carrying out data unit-free standardization on each index during individual selection, and then respectively giving standardized data of the feather color scoring, weight, shank length and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes, so as to calculate individual appearance selection indexes, and sorting 200 cocks and 1000 hens which are ranked in front according to the absolute value of the individual appearance selection indexes;
the candidate group screening of the established stock line comprises preselecting more than 10 green-foot tingling local chicken species, firstly, the meat quality indexes of 120 days old of cock and hen groups are sampled, and the sampling test method comprises the following steps: 3 small groups are selected according to the average value of the body weight of a cock and hen group and the standard deviation of +2 times, the average value of the body weight and the average value of-2 times, the number of the cock and the hen of each small group is 15, 4 parts of equal weight mixed samples of leg muscles and pectoral muscles are taken from each chicken after slaughter, 1 part of equal weight mixed samples are used for measuring drip loss, 1 part of shearing force is used for measuring shearing force, 1 part of the diameter of muscle fibers and the density of muscle fibers are measured, 1 part of the inosinic acid content and the intramuscular fat content are measured after meat paste is prepared, the data of each meat index are standardized without units, and then the standardized data of 6 meat indexes of drip loss, shearing force, the diameter of muscle fibers, the density of muscle fibers, the inosinic acid content and the intramuscular fat content are respectively given, so that the comprehensive meat selection index average value of 3 small groups of each variety is calculated, taking the average value of the comprehensive meat selection indexes as the comprehensive group meat indexes of the single variety, measuring the pre-selected feather color scores of each local chicken, the average weight of the hens, the average shank length of the hens and the average shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes of the hens, carrying out data non-unit standardization on the individual appearance indexes so as to calculate the selection indexes of the group appearances, carrying out data non-unit standardization on the comprehensive group meat indexes and the comprehensive group body appearance selection indexes of each variety, respectively giving weight calculation to obtain the comprehensive group selection indexes, judging each variety through the comprehensive group selection indexes, and selecting the group with the first rank of the comprehensive group selection indexes as candidate groups BS03, 2000 hens and 4000 hens;
The selection of the cock group for establishing the maternal line comprises the steps of carrying out data non-unit standardization on cock body appearance scores and group comprehensive selection indexes in the BS03 group, respectively giving weight calculation to obtain individual comprehensive selection indexes, sorting 100 cocks which are 5% in front according to the absolute value of the individual comprehensive selection indexes, and selecting the cocks with characteristics of beautiful appearance, shank length, thin legs, moderate weight, high uniformity and good meat quality and flavor;
the selection of the hen group for establishing the maternal line comprises the steps of carrying out data non-unit standardization on hen body appearance scores and group comprehensive selection indexes in the BS03 group, respectively giving weight calculation to obtain individual comprehensive selection indexes, sorting according to the absolute value of the individual comprehensive selection indexes, and selecting 800 hens with 20% of the sorting at the front, wherein the selected hens have the characteristics of beautiful appearance, long shin, thin legs, moderate weight, high uniformity and good meat quality and flavor;
the construction of the maternal line comprises the steps of taking 100 BS03 cock and 800 BS03 hen which are preferably selected as S02 lines, breeding 4 generations according to a traditional subculture breeding method, selecting individual cock and hen before each generation is reserved according to the following mode, measuring feather color score, weight, shank length and shank circumference 4 individual appearance indexes at 120 weeks of age, carrying out data non-unit standardization on the individual appearance indexes during individual selection, calculating an individual appearance comprehensive selection index, sorting according to the absolute value of the individual appearance comprehensive selection index, and selecting 200 cock and 1000 hen before sorting;
The cultivation of the special quality green-foot fibrilia broiler comprises the steps of continuously breeding male parent S01 line and female parent S02 line for 4 generations, and then selecting the S01 line qualified cock to mate with the S02 line qualified hen, so that the special quality green-foot fibrilia broiler commodity generation group can be cultivated.
2. The method for breeding super-quality green-foot fibrilia broiler chickens according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the selection of the male parent cock group, the medium-speed green-foot fibrilia broiler requires that the weight of 120-day-old cock is 2.0-2.2 kg, the feed-meat weight gain ratio is less than 3.0, the shank length is 9.5-10.0cm, and the shank circumference is 4.0-4.5cm.
3. The method for breeding super-quality green-foot fibrilia broiler chickens according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the selection of the established male parent cock group, the weights given to the standardized data of 4 individual appearance indexes are respectively 0.5, 0.4, 0.3 and-0.2.
4. The method for breeding super-quality green-foot fibrilia broiler chickens according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the selection of the established male parent hen group, the green foot and fibrilia local hen species require that the weight of the 120-day-old hen is 1.8-2.0 kg, the shank length is 8.0-8.5cm, and the shank circumference is 3.8-4.0cm.
5. The method for breeding super-quality green-foot fibrilia broiler chickens according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the selection of the established father hen group, the weights of the standardized data given to 6 meat quality indexes are respectively-0.3, -0.5, 0.5 and 0.5, the weights of the standardized data given to 4 individual appearance indexes are respectively 0.5, 0.5 and 0.1, -0.1, the group meat quality comprehensive indexes and the group appearance comprehensive selection indexes are subjected to data non-unit standardization, the group comprehensive selection indexes are calculated by respectively giving weights of 0.5 and 0.5, the hen body appearance scores and the group comprehensive selection indexes are subjected to data non-unit standardization, and the individual comprehensive selection indexes are calculated by respectively giving weights of 0.5 and 0.5.
6. The method for breeding super-quality green-foot fibrilia broiler chickens according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the construction step of the male parent, the weights of the standardized data of 4 individual appearance indexes of feather color grading, weight, shank length and shank circumference are respectively 0.5, 0.2 and-0.2.
7. The method for breeding super-quality green-foot fibrilia broiler chickens according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the selection step of the candidate group, the green-foot tingling local chicken species require that the weight of 120-day-old cock is 1.8-2.0 kg, the shank length is 9.5-10.0cm, the shank circumference is 4.0-4.2cm, the weight of 120-day-old hen is 1.6-1.8 kg, the shank length is 8.0-8.5cm, the shank circumference is 3.6-3.8cm, the weights of the standardized data of the 6 meat indexes of drip loss, shearing force, myofiber diameter, myofiber density, inosinic acid content and intramuscular fat content are respectively-0.3, -0.5, 0.5 and 0.5, the weights of the standardized data of the chicken species feather score, the average hen weight of the average shank circumference of the hen and the average shank circumference of the hen are respectively 0.6, 0.4, 0.1-0.1, the group meat quality comprehensive index and the group body appearance comprehensive selection index are respectively given to the standard-free data, and the group body appearance comprehensive index is respectively given to 0.4, and the comprehensive group index is calculated.
8. The method for breeding super-quality green-foot fibrilia broiler chickens according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the selection of the established maternal cock group, the cock body appearance score and the group comprehensive selection index in the BS03 group are subjected to data unit-free standardization, and weights of 0.6 and 0.4 are respectively given to calculate the individual comprehensive selection index.
9. The method for breeding super-quality green-foot fibrilia broiler chickens according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the selection of the established maternal hen group, the hen body appearance score and the group comprehensive selection index in the BS03 group are subjected to data unit-free standardization, and weights of 0.4 and 0.6 are respectively given to calculate the individual comprehensive selection index.
10. The method for breeding super-quality green-foot fibrilia broiler chickens according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step of constructing the mother line, the weights of standardized data of 4 individual appearance indexes of feather color grading, weight, shank length and shank circumference are respectively 0.6, 0.4, 0.2 and-0.2.
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