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CN114921215A - 不含聚酯的层合粘合剂组合物 - Google Patents

不含聚酯的层合粘合剂组合物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114921215A
CN114921215A CN202210773647.2A CN202210773647A CN114921215A CN 114921215 A CN114921215 A CN 114921215A CN 202210773647 A CN202210773647 A CN 202210773647A CN 114921215 A CN114921215 A CN 114921215A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
mol
adhesive composition
molecular weight
laminating adhesive
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202210773647.2A
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English (en)
Inventor
I·泽哈根
M·赫尔特根
H·格尔曼
D·班克曼
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP16200721.5A external-priority patent/EP3327056B1/de
Priority claimed from EP16200722.3A external-priority patent/EP3327057A1/de
Application filed by Henkel AG and Co KGaA filed Critical Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Publication of CN114921215A publication Critical patent/CN114921215A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Abstract

本发明涉及双组分聚氨酯粘合剂,特别地用于层合膜,其中基于所述层合粘合剂组合物的总重量,所述PU粘合剂(a)包含至少一种NCO封端的聚氨酯预聚物作为树脂组分,基于所述树脂组分的总重量,所述聚氨酯预聚物具有至少40重量%含量的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和2‑20重量%的分子量Mw为200g/mol至<1,000g/mol的聚二醇,其中所述MDI是4,4'‑二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或4,4'‑二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与2,4'‑二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的混合物;和(b)包含多元醇混合物作为硬化剂组分,所述多元醇混合物包含2种、3种或更多种不同的多元醇,并且所述PU粘合剂不含聚酯。本发明还涉及所述粘合剂用于结合膜的用途、制备复合膜的方法以及用所述粘合剂结合的复合膜。

Description

不含聚酯的层合粘合剂组合物
本申请是2017年11月22日提交的国际申请号为PCT/EP2017/080025,中国国家申请号为201780072777.0,发明名称为“不含聚酯的层合粘合剂组合物”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
本发明涉及双组分聚氨酯粘合剂,特别地用于层合膜,其中基于所述层合粘合剂组合物的总重量,所述PU粘合剂包含:(a)至少一种NCO封端的聚氨酯预聚物作为树脂组分,所述聚氨酯预聚物具有至少40重量%含量的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和2-20重量%的分子量(Mw)为200g/mol至<1,000g/mol的聚二醇(polyglycol),其中所述MDI是4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与2,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的混合物;和(b)多元醇混合物作为固化组分(curing component),所述多元醇混合物包含至少三种不同的多元醇,并且所述PU粘合剂不含聚酯。本发明还涉及所述粘合剂用于结合膜的用途、制备复合膜的方法以及用所述粘合剂结合的复合膜。
工业上通常已知层合粘合剂。它们是用来将薄的平面基材(例如塑料薄膜、金属箔、纸或硬纸板)彼此粘结的、包含溶剂或不含溶剂的、交联或物理凝固(physically-setting)的粘合剂。这里,重要的是,粘结仅略微地减少各个薄层的柔韧性,但是却实现足够的粘合力。对各个膜层的选择可以影响这些多层膜的具体特性,特别是对水、其他液体的渗透性、耐化学性和对氧或其他气体的渗透性。
例如,从这类多层膜制备用于以下物质的包装:固体、糊状或液体形式的食品、塑料餐具、医用材料、化工产品、化妆品、清洁试剂或物品。此外,这类层合物用于工业产品,如柔性导体、电绝缘性材料、光伏帆或光伏组件。
上文提到的在食品领域中的应用意味着这些多层膜不应包含会以损害健康的量从包装迁移至所包装产品的任何物质。最终还希望多层膜具有相应的视觉外观。
在现有技术中,特别地,已知双组分体系是用于这类应用领域的粘合剂。在施加之前将所述粘合剂混合,然后以典型地大约1-5g/m2的量施加到待粘结的一个膜上。通过将第二膜层合到第一膜的涂覆粘合剂的一侧,可以在固化后获得复合膜,所述复合膜用作包装材料,特别是食品包装材料,也可以是用于上文提到的其他应用的包装材料。这类粘合剂体系通常是透明的。
现有技术中常规的体系由包含基于聚醚-聚酯的固化组分的NCO封端的预聚物组成。聚酯多元醇导致良好地粘附于各种表面,如金属层,特别是基于铝的层。在包含聚酯的配制物中不可避免的组分是环状酯组分,其会从包装迁移到被包装的食品中。通常,但并非总是如此,这些组分对人体无害,但可以在人消化道中检出。提供不含聚酯多元醇的配制物,用于无金属层的简单层合结构中,并且用作非浸润性食品(non-aggressive food,如橄榄油)的包装。但是,这类包装不适于加热,例如在巴氏消毒期间。
还需要用于复合膜的粘合剂体系,它们不包含任何聚酯,但是对热(例如,历经30-45分钟的90-95℃的巴氏消毒温度)和浸润性食品稳定。
这个问题由基于聚氨酯的双组分层合粘合剂体系解决,所述基于聚氨酯的双组分层合粘合剂体系包含:至少一种NCO封端的聚氨酯预聚物作为树脂组分,所述聚氨酯预聚物具有至少40重量%含量的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯MDI和2-20重量%的分子量(Mw)为200g/mol至<1,000g/mol的聚二醇,其中所述MDI是4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与2,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的混合物,其中所述聚二醇优选是分子量为200g/mol至<1,000g/mol、更优选250-800g/mol、甚至更优选300-700g/mol、特别是大约400g/mol的聚丙二醇,或者是分子量为200g/mol至<1,000g/mol、更优选250-800g/mol、甚至更优选300-700g/mol、特别是大约400g/mol的聚乙二醇;和多元醇混合物作为固化组分,所述多元醇混合物包含两种、三种或更多种不同的多元醇。本文所述的体系的特征在于与金属层的良好粘合和低粘度。
在第一方面,本发明因此涉及一种基于聚氨酯的双组分层合粘合剂组合物,特别地用于层合膜,基于所述层合粘合剂组合物的总重量,所述层合粘合剂组合物包含:
(a)至少一种NCO封端的聚氨酯预聚物作为树脂组分,所述聚氨酯预聚物具有至少40重量%含量的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯MDI和2-20重量%的分子量Mw为200g/mol至<1,000g/mol的聚二醇,其中所述MDI是4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与2,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的混合物,其中所述聚二醇优选是分子量为200g/mol至<1,000g/mol、更优选250-800g/mol、甚至更优选300-700g/mol、特别是大约400g/mol的聚丙二醇,或者是分子量为200g/mol至<1,000g/mol、更优选250-800g/mol、甚至更优选300-700g/mol、特别是大约400g/mol的聚乙二醇;和
(b)多元醇混合物作为固化组分,所述多元醇混合物包含两种、三种或更多种不同的多元醇,
其中所述层合粘合剂组合物不含聚酯。
在另一个方面,本发明涉及一种制备复合膜的方法,其中使用如本文所述的层合粘合剂组合物,将至少两个相同或不同的塑料膜粘结,并且涉及相应制备的复合膜。
本发明还涉及以这种方式制备的复合膜作为包装的用途,特别是用于包装药物或食品。
在又一个方面,本发明涉及本文所述的层合粘合剂组合物用于粘结膜的用途。
除非另外说明,本文中说明的分子量指重均分子量(Mw)。可以根据DIN55672-1:2007-08,以THF作为洗脱液,通过凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)测定分子量Mw。除非另外指出,列出的分子量是通过GPC测定的那些。如先前所示,也可以借助GPC确定数均分子量Mn。或者,可以基于端基分析(根据DIN 53240-1:2013-06的羟基值)测定数均分子量Mn。
对于成分,表述“至少一种”是指成分的类型而不是分子的绝对数目。因此,例如,“至少一种多元醇”意指,至少一种类型的多元醇,即,可以使用一种类型的多元醇或多种不同多元醇的混合物。与重量数据一起,该表述指组合物/混合物中所含的所示类型的全部化合物,也就是说,组合物不包含超出相应化合物的所指示量的这种类型的任何其他化合物。
除非另有明确指示,否则与本文所述组合物相关而提及的全部百分数均指重量%,在每种情况下基于相关的混合物。
如本文所用,与数值相关的“约”或“大约”指数值±10%、优选±5%。
如本文所用,例如,与聚酯相关,“不含”意指,相应的组合物不含所提及的组分,或不以有意添加的方式包含所提及的组分。因此,所述组分在特定组合物中的量优选小于1重量%、更优选小于0.5重量%、甚至更优选小于0.1重量%、最优选小于0.01重量%或低于检测限(detection limit)。
如本文在NCO封端的预聚物的上下文中所用,“含量”指可以由其获得预聚物的反应混合物中的相应组分的量,在每种情况下基于反应混合物的总重量。从而特征“树脂组分是至少一种NCO封端的聚氨酯预聚物,所述聚氨酯预聚物具有至少40重量%含量的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI),并且具有2-20重量%的分子量(Mw)为200g/mol至<1,000g/mol的聚二醇,其中所述MDI是4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与2,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的混合物”意指,可以通过使下述反应混合物反应,获得这种NCO封端的聚氨酯预聚物:基于所述反应混合物的总重量,所述反应混合物包含至少40重量%的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和2-20重量%的分子量(Mw)为200至<1,000g/mol的聚二醇,其中MDI是4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与2,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的混合物。可以通过具有NCO反应性基团的其他化合物,即特别是多元醇,或其他多异氰酸酯,形成反应混合物的剩余部分。特别优选使用分子量Mw为1,000g/mol或更大、特别是1,000-4,000g/mol、特别优选1,000-2,000g/mol的额外的聚二醇,优选聚丙二醇、聚乙二醇及它们共聚物,特别优选聚丙二醇。
通常已知聚氨酯粘合剂。它们也用于层合多层膜。根据本发明合适的粘合剂是双组分聚氨酯粘合剂。粘合剂优选是液体。粘合剂可以包含溶剂,但是它们优选不含溶剂。根据本发明合适的聚氨酯粘合剂的交联基于反应性NCO基团与H-酸性官能团(例如OH基团、氨基或羧基)的反应。替代的交联方法包括使NCO基团与来自所施加的粘合剂、基材或环境中的水分反应以形成脲基。这些交联反应是已知的并且它们也可以同时进行。为了加速这种反应,可以向粘合剂引入催化剂,例如胺催化剂、钛催化剂或锡催化剂。
已经令人惊讶地发现,借助本文所述的无聚酯的双组分(2K)配制物,所选定体系的粘合力不下降,而且在一些情况下甚至增加。这意味着可以通过本文所述的配制物改善粘合剂的性能。也可以改善力学性能。因此已经发现,在粘合剂组合物中彻底省去聚酯导致低粘度,这允许快速穿过涂布机。此外,防止对包含聚酯的粘合剂组合物常见并且通常在聚酯组合物穿过涂布机时出现的雾化。本文所述的配制物建立粘合的速度还与现有技术中已知的体系相当或较之更快。
本发明的粘合剂是双组分(2K)聚氨酯粘合剂。根据本发明,粘合剂包含至少一种NCO封端的聚氨酯预聚物作为树脂组分和至少一种多元醇混合物作为固化组分,本发明的粘合剂组合物不包含任何聚酯。
通过多元醇或多元醇混合物与化学计量过量的多异氰酸酯反应,获得树脂组分异氰酸酯(NCO)封端的聚氨酯(PU)预聚物。制备预聚物时使用的多元醇可以是通常用于合成聚氨酯的所有多元醇,特别是聚醚多元醇;然而,不使用聚酯多元醇,原因在于如本文所述,粘合剂组合物不含聚酯组分。
聚醚多元醇可以由许多包含一个或多个伯醇基或仲醇基的醇制备。作为制备优选不包含任何叔氨基的聚醚的引发剂,例如,可以使用以下化合物或所述化合物的混合物:水、乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油、丁二醇、丁三醇、三羟甲基乙烷、季戊四醇、己二醇、3-羟基酚、己三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、辛二醇、新戊二醇、1,4-羟甲基环己烷、双(4-羟苯基)二甲基甲烷和山梨醇。优选使用乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油和三羟甲基丙烷,特别优选乙二醇和丙二醇,在特别优选的实施方案中,使用丙二醇。
可以使用环氧烷烃如环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷、表氯醇、苯乙烯氧化物或四氢呋喃或这些环氧烷烃的混合物作为环醚,以制备上述聚醚。优选使用环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷或四氢呋喃或它们的混合物。特别优选使用环氧丙烷或环氧乙烷或它们的混合物。最特别优选使用环氧丙烷。
用于合成预聚物的多元醇的分子量优选为100-20,000g/mol、特别是330-4,500g/mol。平均官能度可以为2-4.5。PU预聚物优选包含聚醚主链。
基于NCO与OH基团的摩尔比,PU预聚物中化学计量过量的多异氰酸酯特别是1:1至1.8:1、优选1:1至1.6:1、特别优选1.05:1至1.5:1。
可以使用已知的漆(lacquer)或粘合剂多异氰酸酯,这些物质是具有两个或更多个异氰酸酯基的多异氰酸酯。合适的多异氰酸酯例如是1,5-亚萘基二异氰酸酯(NDI)、2,4-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、氢化MDI(H12MDI)、苯二甲基二异氰酸酯(XDI)、四甲基苯二甲基二异氰酸酯(TMXDI)、二亚烷基二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和四亚烷基二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、4,4'-二苄基二异氰酸酯、1,3-亚苯基-二异氰酸酯或1,4-亚苯基-二异氰酸酯、甲代亚苯基二异氰酸酯(TDI)、1-甲基-2,4-二异氰酸基-环己烷、1,6-二异氰酸基-2,2,4-三甲基己烷、1,6-二异氰酸基-2,4,4-三甲基己烷、1-异氰酸基甲基-3-异氰酸基-1,5,5-三甲基环己烷(IPDI)、四甲氧基丁烷-1,4-二异氰酸酯、丁烷-1,4-二异氰酸酯、己烷-1,6-二异氰酸酯(HDI)、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、环己烷-1,4-二异氰酸酯、亚乙基二异氰酸酯、亚甲基三苯基三异氰酸酯(MIT)、邻苯二甲酸双异氰酸基乙酯、三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯、1,4-二异氰酸基丁烷、1,12-二异氰酸基十二烷和二聚脂肪酸二异氰酸酯。
合适的至少三官能的异氰酸酯是通过以下方法获得的多异氰酸酯:通过二异氰酸酯的三聚或低聚,或通过二异氰酸酯与包含羟基或氨基的低分子量多官能化合物反应。市售例子是异氰酸酯HDI、MDI或IPDI的三聚产物、或二异氰酸酯与低分子量三醇(如三羟甲基丙烷或甘油)的加合物。其他例子包括六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)的异氰脲酸酯和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)的异氰脲酸酯。
原则上可以使用脂族、脂环族或芳族异氰酸酯,但芳族二异氰酸酯是特别合适的。特别优选的芳族二异氰酸酯是4,4-亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯,其可以单独或与2,4-亚甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯混合使用。本发明的PU粘合剂可以包含处于已反应形式(in reactedform)的异氰酸酯作为PU预聚物,或PU粘合剂包含至少一定比例的低分子量异氰酸酯,任选为低分子量低聚异氰酸酯。
可以按照已知的方式,由上文提到的多元醇和多异氰酸酯来制备PU预聚物。这里,包含NCO基团的预聚物可以由多元醇和异氰酸酯制备。EP-A951493、EP-A1341832、EP-A150444、EP-A 1456265和WO 2005/097861中描述了其例子。
至少一种NCO封端的PU预聚物优选是芳族异氰酸酯封端的、更优选MDI封端的聚氨酯预聚物,其由一种或多种聚醚多元醇和芳族二异氰酸酯如MDI组成。
根据本发明,粘合剂组合物的树脂组分具有预聚物,所述预聚物可以通过使反应混合物聚合而获得,其中基于所述反应混合物的总重量,所述反应混合物聚合具有至少40重量%含量的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和2-20重量%的Mw为200g/mol至<1,000g/mol的聚二醇。在这种情况下,MDI是4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与2,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的混合物。优选不包含2,2'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,或者基于反应混合物的总重量,仅以比较少的量,即小于2重量%、优选小于1重量%,包含2,2'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
根据优选实施方案,树脂组分的预聚物中的分子量Mw为200g/mol至<1,000g/mol的聚二醇是分子量为200g/mol至<1,000g/mol、优选250-800g/mol、特别优选300-700g/mol、最优选大约400g/mol的聚丙二醇,或是分子量为200g/mol至<1,000g/mol、优选250-800g/mol、特别优选300-700g/mol、最优选大约400g/mol的聚乙二醇。
也可以在反应混合物(A)中包含含量不超过58重量%、优选为10-50重量%、特别优选20-40重量%(在每种情况下基于自其中获得预聚物的反应混合物)的具有高分子量的额外的聚二醇,和/或(B)额外的多异氰酸酯,例如HDI或其衍生物,和/或(C)额外的预聚物。
相应的预聚物通常具有5-20重量%的NCO含量(根据Spielberger,DIN EN ISO11909:2007-05测定),并且具有2-3的平均NCO官能度。
由于所用的异氰酸酯过量,NCO封端的PU预聚物通常包含某些量的异氰酸酯单体,即,特别是芳族多异氰酸酯单体,例如MDI,一般基于预聚物和单体的总重量,以0.1-25重量%的量包含。
特别地,预聚物的分子量(Mn)为1,500g/mol至100,000g/mol,更特别优选2,000g/mol至50,000g/mol。
在各种实施方案中,树脂组分由预聚物组成,即不包含任何额外的组分,或除预聚物之外,不包含额外的聚合物组分、异氰酸酯和/或多元醇。在优选实施方案中,树脂组分基本上由本文所述的预聚物组成,即由至少50重量%、优选至少70重量%、甚至更优选至少80重量%或90重量%的预聚物组成,在每种情况下基于树脂组分的总重量。
除树脂组分之外,本发明的粘合剂体系还包含固化组分。根据本发明,固化组分包含两种、三种或更多种不同的多元醇。
合适的多元醇是每分子具有2-6个、优选2-4个OH基的脂肪醇和/或芳香醇。OH基可以同时是伯位的和仲位的。
合适的脂肪醇例如包括乙二醇、丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1-6-己二醇、1,7-庚二醇、1,8-辛二醇及它们的高级同系物或异构体。更多官能的醇同样地适合,例如甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇和所提到物质的低聚醚。
优选使用低分子量多官能醇与环氧烷烃的反应产物作为多元醇组分。环氧烷烃优选具有2-4个C原子。例如,乙二醇、丙二醇、丁二醇异构体、己二醇异构体或4,4'-二羟二苯基丙烷异构体与环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷或环氧丁烷或它们中两种或更多种的混合物的反应产物是合适的。另外,还合适的是多官能醇(如甘油、三羟甲基乙烷或三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇或糖醇、或它们中两种或更多种的混合物)与所述环氧烷烃的反应产物形成聚醚多元醇。通过使四氢呋喃聚合(poly-THF)获得本发明上下文中的其他常规多元醇。
已经用乙烯基聚合物改性的聚醚同样地适合用作多元醇组分。例如通过使苯乙烯或丙烯腈或它们的混合物在聚醚存在下聚合可获得这类产物。
聚缩醛同样地合适作为多元醇组分。聚缩醛意指如可以由二醇(例如二甘醇或己二醇或它们的混合物)与甲醛获得的化合物。同样地可以通过使环状缩醛聚合,获得可以在本发明上下文中使用的聚缩醛。
另一组多元醇可以是OH官能聚氨酯多元醇,例如OH封端的聚氨酯预聚物。
在一些实施方案中,固化组分的至少三种不同的多元醇之一是三醇,所述三醇特别地基于甘油或三羟甲基丙烷(TMP),向所述三醇加合(added)环氧烷烃(AO)、特别是环氧丙烷(PO),并且所述三醇的分子量Mw小于700g/mol、优选为400g/mol至<700g/mol、甚至更优选为450g/mol至<700g/mol。在一些实施方案中,本发明组合物的固化组分包含5-90重量%、优选15-60重量%、特别是25-40重量%的至少一种这样的三醇。根据一些实施方案,特别地,所述至少一种三醇可以是基于环氧丙烷(PO)的三醇,例如向其加入环氧丙烷的甘油引发或TMP引发的分子。根据优选实施方案,至少一种三醇是分子量Mw为至少400g/mol、特别是至少450g/mol至<700g/mol的基于环氧丙烷的三醇。
在一些实施方案中,固化组分的至少三种不同的多元醇之一是二元或多元脂肪醇,优选二元至四元脂肪醇,所述脂肪醇优选具有<150g/mol的分子量和/或优选具有700-2,000mgKOH/g、更优选1,200-1,900mgKOH/g的羟值。在一些实施方案中,本发明组合物的固化组分包含0.5-10重量%、优选2-8重量%、特别是3-7重量%的至少一种这样的脂肪醇。根据一些实施方案,这样的至少一种脂肪醇是选自乙二醇、丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,7-庚二醇、1,8-辛二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷和季戊四醇的脂肪醇。在一些实施方案中,至少一种脂肪醇特别是三羟甲基丙烷。
在一些实施方案中,固化组分的至少三种不同的多元醇之一是基于AO的高分子量三醇,其如上文定义,但是具有大于700g/mol、优选>700g/mol至1,200g/mol的分子量Mw,或者是蓖麻油。这类三醇可作为
Figure BDA0003725497740000091
CP755或CP 1055(Dow Chemical)商业获得。在一些实施方案中,本发明组合物的固化组分包含5-80重量%、优选15-70重量%、特别是20-65重量%或70重量%的这类三醇或蓖麻油。尽管蓖麻油包含酯基,但它不是本发明含义范围内的聚酯,因为它不基于通过酯基连接的重复单元。
在本发明的多种实施方案中,固化组分包含至少两种、优选全部三种所提到的多元醇,即(1)至少一种三醇,所述三醇特别地基于甘油或三羟甲基丙烷(TMP),向所述三醇加合环氧烷烃(AO)、特别是环氧丙烷PO,并且所述三醇的分子量Mw小于700g/mol、优选为400g/mol至<700g/mol、甚至更优选为450g/mol至<700g/mol;(2)至少一种二元或多元脂肪醇,优选二元至四元脂肪醇,更优选单体醇;和(3)至少一种三醇,所述三醇特别地基于甘油或三羟甲基丙烷(TMP),向所述三醇加合环氧烷烃(AO)、特别是环氧丙烷(PO),并且所述三醇的分子量Mw大于700g/mol、优选为>700g/mol至1,200g/mol,或者所述三醇为蓖麻油。如果固化组分仅包含两种多元醇,这些多元醇优选是上文作为(1)和(3)所列的多元醇,优选处于具体说明的量,即多元醇(1)处于5-90重量%、优选15-60重量%、特别是25-40重量%的量,和多元醇(3)处于5-80重量%、优选15-70重量%、特别是20-70重量%的量,在每种情况下基于固化组分的总重量。例如,多元醇(1)可以大约30重量%的量使用并且多元醇(3)可以大约70重量%的量使用。
在一些实施方案中,树脂组分与固化组分的NCO:OH摩尔比小于1.4、优选小于1.3、特别是小于1.25、甚至更优选是1.0-1.2。特别地,这意指树脂和固化组分以导致所需比率的量使用。在各种实施方案中,树脂组分和固化组分可以如此配制,使得它们可以2:1-1:2、优选1.5:1-1:1.5、特别优选大约1:1的重量比使用,优选实现上文提到的NCO:OH摩尔比;“NCO:OH摩尔比”因此意指全部NCO基与OH基的摩尔比。
在各种实施方案中,本文所述的粘合剂体系可以进一步包含至少一种催化剂,特别地选自基于Sn或基于Ti的金属催化剂或胺催化剂。合适的催化剂是现有技术中已知的。催化剂优选包含于固化组分中,即包含于根据本发明优选的的体系的羟基官能化的组分中。
本发明的粘合剂还可以包含常见的添加剂。额外的组分例如是树脂(增粘剂)、稳定剂、交联剂或粘度调节物、颜料、增塑剂或抗氧化剂。
本发明的粘合剂还可以进一步包含填料。然而,在本发明的各种实施方案中,粘合剂组合物不包含任何下述固体颗粒状填料:其中至少90%的填料粒子具有4μm或更小的粒径并且具有或3或更小的莫氏硬度,特别是基于粘合剂组合物不处于5-50重量%的量。在各种实施方案中,填料不是碳酸钙、特别地不是在粒径和莫氏硬度方面符合上文规定的碳酸钙。在其他实施方案中,组合物可以优选基本上不含或不含填料。
本发明的聚氨酯粘合剂在施加温度为液体。本发明的PU粘合剂优选在室温为液体。在各种实施方案中,本文所述的组合物在40℃的温度下具有500-5,000mPas、特别是600-900mPas的粘度,所述粘度根据DIN ISO 2555测定(布氏粘度计RVT,转子号4,25℃,5rmp)。
本文所述的粘合剂可以包含溶剂或可以不含溶剂。基本上,本领域技术人员已知的全部溶剂均可以用作溶剂,特别是酯类、酮类、卤代烃类、烷烃类、烯烃类和芳香烃类。这类溶剂的例子是二氯甲烷、三氯乙烯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸戊酯、乙酸异丁酯、甲基异丁酮、乙酸甲氧基丁酯、环己烷、环己酮、二氯苯、二乙基酮、二异丁基酮、二噁烷、乙酸乙酯、乙二醇单丁基醚乙酸酯、乙二醇单乙基乙酸酯、乙酸2-乙基己基酯、二乙酸乙二醇酯、庚烷、己烷、乙酸异丁酯、异辛烷、乙酸异丙酯、甲乙酮、四氢呋喃或四氯乙烯、或两种或更多种所提到溶剂的混合物。
然而,在优选实施方案中,本文所述的粘合剂组合物基本上不含有机溶剂。如上文所用,“不含”意指,相应的组合物不含提到的组分或不以有意添加的方式包含提到的组分。所述组分在特定组合物中的量因此优选小于1重量%、更优选小于0.5重量%、甚至更优选小于0.1重量%、最优选小于0.01重量%或低于检测限。
使用常规设备和所有常用的施加方法,例如,通过喷涂、刮涂、3/4辊涂布机(如果使用无溶剂的体系)或2辊涂布机(如果使用含溶剂的体系),将粘合剂施加至待粘结的基材、特别是膜。在施加后,待粘结的基材按已知的方式彼此粘结。此处,任选地,便利的是使用升高的温度,旨在实现更好的施加和更快速的交联反应。但是,本发明的粘合剂已经在室温或仅略微升高的温度(如40℃)证实了非常有利的固化。
特别地,本发明的聚氨酯粘合剂适合作为膜的层合粘合剂。它们可以用于其中将基于聚合物(如PP、PE、OPA、聚酰胺、PET、聚酯)的已知膜或金属箔彼此粘结的方法中。本发明的粘合剂在此施加到任选地预处理的或印刷的膜上。施加量在此通常为1-5g/m2。这可以在升高的温度下进行,旨在获得薄且均匀的涂层。然后在压力下,将相同或不同材料的第二膜在其上层合。可以施加热,粘合剂交联并获得多层膜。多层膜也可以任选地由多于两层组成。
在制备后,膜常规地放置储存。在这个时间期间,本发明的粘合剂可能进一步交联。
通过使用本发明的液体或热熔粘合剂作为层合粘合剂,可以获得符合对食品包装或医用包装适用性的严格要求的层合的双层或多层膜。
应当容易地理解,本文有关PU粘合剂所公开的全部实施方案也可以用于所述的用途和方法,并且反之亦然。
在下文应当参考几个实施例进一步详细描述本发明。除非另外说明,否则其中指定的量指重量%。
实施例
实施例1(本发明)
树脂基质:
具有13-15重量%的NCO含量和4.3:1的NCO:OH比率的NCO封端的MDI-预聚物,可由以下物质获得:
50重量%的4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI);15重量%的Mw=400g/mol的聚丙二醇(PPG);25重量%的Mw=1,000g/mol的聚丙二醇(PPG);10重量%的己烷-1,6-二异氰酸酯(HDI)三聚体。
固化剂:
具有210-250mgKOH/g的OH值和官能度f=3的多元醇混合物,其由以下物质:
30重量%的Mw=450g/mol的三官能聚丙二醇(PPG);70重量%的蓖麻油。
树脂:固化剂的混合比率为100:70重量份。
实施例2(本发明)
树脂基质:
具有13-15重量%的NCO含量和4.0:1的NCO:OH比率的NCO封端的MDI-预聚物,可由以下物质获得:
50重量%的4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI);10重量%的Mw=400g/mol的聚丙二醇(PPG);30重量%的Mw=1,000g/mol的聚丙二醇(PPG);10重量%甲代亚苯基二异氰酸酯(TDI)预聚物*。
固化剂:
具有330-370mgKOH/g的OH值和官能度f=3的多元醇混合物,其由以下物质组成:
5重量%的三羟甲基丙烷;70重量%的Mw=450g/mol的三官能聚丙二醇(PPG);25重量%的蓖麻油。
*TDI-预聚物:2,4'-TDI与Mw=400...1,000的聚醚二醇的反应产物,除单体。
树脂:固化剂的混合比率为100:35重量份。
实施例3(本发明)
树脂基质:
具有12-14重量%的NCO含量和3.9:1的NCO:OH比率的NCO封端的MDI-预聚物,可由以下物质获得:
50重量%4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI);5重量%的Mw=400g/mol的聚丙二醇(PPG);25重量%的Mw=1,000g/mol的聚丙二醇(PPG);10重量%的Mw=2,000g/mol的聚丙二醇(PPG);10重量%己烷-1,6-二异氰酸酯(HDI)三聚体。
固化剂:
具有330-370mgKOH/g的OH值和官能度f=3的多元醇混合物,其由以下物质组成:
5重量%的三羟甲基丙烷;70重量%的Mw=450g/mol的三官能聚丙二醇(PPG);25重量%的蓖麻油。
树脂:固化剂的混合比率为100:40重量份。
实施例4(本发明)
树脂基质:
具有11-13重量%的NCO含量和4.3:1的NCO:OH比率的NCO封端的MDI-预聚物,可由以下物质获得:
55重量%4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI);5重量%的Mw=400g/mol的聚丙二醇(PPG);30重量%的Mw=1,000g/mol的聚丙二醇(PPG);10重量%的Mw=2,000g/mol的聚丙二醇(PPG)。
固化剂:
具有330-370mgKOH/g的OH值和官能度f=3的多元醇混合物,其由以下物质组成:
5重量%的三羟甲基丙烷;70重量%的Mw=450g/mol的三官能聚丙二醇(PPG);25重量%的蓖麻油。
树脂:固化剂的混合比率为100:38重量份。
实施例5(对比实施例):
树脂基质:
具有11-13重量%的NCO含量和4.3:1的NCO:OH比率的NCO封端的MDI-预聚物,可由以下物质获得:
50重量%的4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI);10重量%的己烷-1,6-二异氰酸酯(HDI)三聚体;20重量%的Mw=1,000g/mol的聚丙二醇(PPG);20重量%的Mw=2,000g/mol的聚丙二醇(PPG)。
固化剂:
具有210-250mgKOH/g的OH值和官能度f=3的多元醇混合物,其由以下物质组成:
30重量%的Mw=450g/mol的三官能聚丙二醇(PPG);70重量%的蓖麻油。
树脂:固化剂的混合比率为100:60重量份。
实施例6(对比例)
树脂基质:
具有12-14重量%的NCO含量和3.4:1的NCO:OH比率的NCO封端的MDI-预聚物,可由以下物质获得:
55重量%的4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI);15重量%的Mw=1,000g/mol的聚丙二醇(PPG);15重量%的Mw=400g/mol的聚丙二醇(PPG);15重量%的双官能聚酯*。
固化剂:
具有200-230mgKOH/g的OH值和官能度f为约2或3的多元醇混合物,其由以下物质组成:
75重量%的双官能聚酯*;22重量%的Mw=450g/mol的聚丙二醇(PPG)三醇;3重量%的三羟甲基丙烷。
树脂:固化剂的混合比率为100:60重量份。
*基于间苯二甲酸、己二酸、1,2-丙二醇、二甘醇的聚酯。
实施例7(对比例)
树脂基质:
具有13-15重量%的NCO含量和3.7:1的NCO:OH比率的NCO封端的MDI-预聚物,可由以下物质获得:
51重量%的4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI);10重量%的己烷-1,6-二异氰酸酯(HDI)三聚体;13重量%的Mw=1,000g/mol的聚丙二醇(PPG);13重量%的Mw=400g/mol的聚丙二醇(PPG);13重量%双官能聚酯*。
固化剂:
具有200-230mgKOH/g的OH值和官能度f为约2或3的聚酯混合物,其由以下物质组成:
75重量%双官能聚酯*;22重量%Mw=450g/mol的聚丙二醇(PPG)三醇;3重量%三羟甲基丙烷。
*基于间苯二甲酸、己二酸、1,2-丙二醇、二甘醇的聚酯。
树脂:固化剂的混合比率为100:65重量份。
复合膜:
例如,使用Super Combi 2000型号的层合装置制备复合膜。在方法中,以大约2g/m2的量将粘合剂组合物施加至一张待粘结的膜(OPA或metOPP),然后在压力下将这张膜层合至第二膜(PE或OPP)。在这种情况下,层合机的作用辊压力对应于不超过200N(20kg)的力。
粘合力:
在室温固化14天后,借助得自Instron公司的拉伸测试机(Instron 4301),根据标准DIN 53357测定粘合力。为此目的,复合膜测试条(样品宽度15mm)夹紧在夹爪之间,然后以牵引速度100m/min、牵引角度90°和牵引长度5-10cm,将所述复合膜测试条拉开。给出基于15mm的样品宽度施加的最大力的三次测定的平均值。
复合材料:
OPA:取向聚酰胺
PE:聚乙烯
PET:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯
OPP:取向聚丙烯
metOPP:金属化OPP(涂布有铝的OPP)
Al:铝箔
CPP:流延聚丙烯
表1:实验参数
Figure BDA0003725497740000161

Claims (18)

1.基于聚氨酯的双组分层合粘合剂组合物,特别地用于层合膜,基于所述层合粘合剂组合物的总重量,所述层合粘合剂组合物包含:
(a)至少一种NCO封端的聚氨酯预聚物作为树脂组分,所述聚氨酯预聚物具有至少40重量%含量的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯MDI和2-20重量%的分子量Mw为200g/mol至<1,000g/mol的聚二醇,其中所述MDI是4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯与2,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯的混合物,其中所述聚二醇是分子量为200g/mol至<1,000g/mol的聚丙二醇,或者是分子量为200g/mol至<1,000g/mol的聚乙二醇;和
(b)多元醇混合物作为固化组分,所述多元醇混合物包含两种、三种或更多种不同的多元醇,
其中所述层合粘合剂组合物不含聚酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的层合粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,所述聚二醇是分子量为250-800g/mol的聚丙二醇。
3.根据权利要求1所述的层合粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,所述聚二醇是分子量为300-700g/mol的聚丙二醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述的层合粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,所述聚二醇是分子量是大约400g/mol的聚丙二醇。
5.根据权利要求1所述的层合粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,所述聚二醇是分子量为250-800g/mol的聚乙二醇。
6.根据权利要求1所述的层合粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,所述聚二醇是分子量为300-700g/mol的聚乙二醇。
7.根据权利要求1所述的层合粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,所述聚二醇是分子量是大约400g/mol的聚乙二醇。
8.根据权利要求1所述的层合粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,所述固化组分的多元醇之一是三醇,所述三醇特别地基于甘油或三羟甲基丙烷(TMP),向所述三醇加合环氧烷烃(AO)、特别是环氧丙烷(PO),并且所述三醇的分子量Mw小于700g/mol、优选为400g/mol至<700g/mol、甚至更优选为450g/mol至<700g/mol,所述三醇在所述固化组分中的含量为5-90重量%、优选为15-60重量%、特别是25-40重量%,所述三醇特别是分子量Mw为400g/mol至<700g/mol的基于环氧丙烷的三醇。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的层合粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,所述固化组分的多元醇之一是二元或多元脂肪醇,优选二元至四元脂肪醇,所述脂肪醇优选具有<150g/mol的分子量和/或700-2,000mgKOH/g、更优选1,200-1,900mgKOH/g的羟值,所述脂肪醇在所述固化组分中的含量为0.5-10重量%、优选2-8重量%、特别是3-7重量%,所述脂肪醇特别是选自乙二醇、丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,7-庚二醇、1,8-辛二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷和季戊四醇。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的层合粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,所述固化组分的多元醇之一是三醇,所述三醇特别地基于甘油或三羟甲基丙烷TMP,向所述三醇加合环氧烷烃AO、特别是环氧丙烷PO,并且所述三醇的分子量Mw为700-1,200g/mol,所述三醇特别是分子量Mw为700-1,200g/mol的基于环氧丙烷的三醇,或者所述三醇是蓖麻油,所述三醇在所述固化组分中的含量为5-80重量%、优选15-70重量%、特别是20重量%至65重量%或70重量%。
11.根据权利要求1-10中一项所述的层合粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,所述树脂组分与所述固化组分的NCO:OH摩尔比小于1.4、优选小于1.3、特别是小于1.25、甚至更优选为1.0-1.2。
12.根据权利要求8-11中一项所述的层合粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,所述层合粘合剂组合物包含:(1)至少一种三醇,所述三醇特别地基于甘油或三羟甲基丙烷TMP,向所述三醇加合环氧烷烃AO、特别是环氧丙烷PO,并且所述三醇的分子量Mw小于700g/mol、优选为400g/mol至<700g/mol、甚至更优选为450g/mol至<700g/mol;(2)任选存在的至少一种二元或多元脂肪醇,优选二元至四元脂肪醇,更优选单体醇;和(3)至少一种三醇,所述三醇特别地基于甘油或三羟甲基丙烷TMP,向所述三醇加合环氧烷烃AO、特别是环氧丙烷PO,并且所述三醇的分子量Mw大于700g/mol、优选为>700g/mol至1,200g/mol,或者所述三醇为蓖麻油。
13.根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的层合粘合剂组合物,其特征在于,
(a)所述组合物还包含至少一种催化剂,所述催化剂特别地选自基于Sn或基于Ti的金属催化剂或胺催化剂;和/或
(b)所述组合物在40℃的温度下的粘度为500-5,000mPas,特别是600-900mPas;和/或
(c)所述组合物基本上不包含机溶剂。
14.根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的层合粘合剂组合物的用途,其用于粘结膜。
15.制备复合膜的方法,其特征在于,使用根据权利要求1-13中一项或多项所述的层合粘合剂组合物,将至少两个相同或不同的塑料膜在部分或全部表面上粘结。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其特征在于,以1-5g/m2的量,将所述层合粘合剂组合物施加至所述待粘结膜的至少一个待粘结表面。
17.复合膜,其通过根据权利要求15-16中任一项所述的方法制备。
18.根据权利要求17所述的复合膜作为包装的用途,特别是用于包装药物或食品。
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