CN114901259A - 包含携带NF-kB抑制剂的外泌体的组合物及其使用方法 - Google Patents
包含携带NF-kB抑制剂的外泌体的组合物及其使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含细胞外囊泡(外泌体)的组合物以及使用该组合物来用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的方法,其中所述细胞外囊泡包含核因子κβ(NF‑κB)抑制剂和光特异性结合蛋白。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2019年12月30日提交的美国临时申请号62/955,339和2020年10月23日提交的美国临时申请号63/105,207的优先权,其各自的内容通过援引整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及包含携带NF-κB抑制剂的细胞外囊泡(外泌体)的组合物以及使用该组合物来用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的方法。
序列表的援引
本申请包括已以计算机可读格式提交的序列表,其通过援引整体并入本文。
背景技术
妊娠受到多种内分泌、旁分泌和免疫系统的微妙平衡。多种胎儿和母体宫内组织中平衡活动的破坏会导致它们发生分娩相关变化。由中断的子宫稳态引起的宫内炎症是分娩的生物学效应之一。
所有物种的分娩都与炎症相关,其特征是胎儿和母体子宫组织(子宫、宫颈、蜕膜和胎膜)二者中免疫细胞的浸润和激活,以及由促炎转录因子核因子-κB(NF-κB)介导的促炎细胞因子和趋化因子的增加,以及抗炎细胞因子和趋化因子的减少。当胎儿生长和成熟完成时,内分泌和旁分泌介质二者会促进机制上导致分娩的炎症。由于37周之前的感染或其他非感染性风险因素,免疫稳态过早破坏和严重炎症通常导致自发性提前终止妊娠或早产(PTB)。
胎膜提前分娩前破裂(Preterm prelabor rupture of the fetal membrane,pPROM)占所有PTB的约60%。大多数自发性PTB和pPROM与羊膜内感染有关,这种感染可以超越免疫耐受,引起宿主炎症反应。
尽管已经对胎儿和母体组织中的白细胞进行了一段时间的研究,但它们的起源(胎儿对比于母体)仍不清楚。知识上的缺口主要是由于缺乏特定的蛋白质标志物来始终如一地区分体内胎儿和母体细胞。更好地了解胎儿免疫细胞对胎儿和母体组织中分娩途径的机制贡献对于开发合理的治疗以最大限度地减少炎症和降低PTB的发生率至关重要。
由感染和组织学绒毛膜羊膜炎(多形核白细胞浸润到胎膜)引起的胎儿炎症反应是新生儿死亡和发病的主要决定因素,通常与PTB相关。多项研究正在测试通过使用细胞因子抑制性抗炎药(CSAID)抑制炎症转录因子NF-κB来阻断炎症的治疗方法。很少有研究进展到临床试验,也没有临床应用,部分原因是与这些提议药物的半衰期、递送方式、胎盘通透性、降低胎儿炎症反应的有效性以及致畸性相关的问题。
治疗胎儿和母体组织中的炎症或感染可能会延迟潜在的早产,但不能提供有关胎儿或新生儿健康的信息,而这是该治疗的目标。
已经测试了多种药物(包括抗炎药和抗生素)来避免不必要的早产,但问题仍未解决。例如,药物诸如抗炎药不易通过胎盘。此外,目前用于早产相关疾病的药物必须谨慎给药,以避免潜在的副作用,包括肺水肿、肾功能受损、心血管问题和代谢紊乱。此外,用于治疗早产并发症(诸如提前分娩、早产子宫内膜异位症和早产羊膜炎)的抗生素必须谨慎开处方,以免对母亲、胎儿和新生儿产生副作用。
因此,对于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症存在持续和长期的需求。
发明内容
本发明的某实施方式提供了用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗母体和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与母体和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的方法,包括:
向有此需要的受试者给药包括包含核因子κβ(NF-κB)抑制剂和光特异性结合蛋白的细胞外囊泡的组合物。
本发明的另一个实施方式提供了用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力;治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症、延迟早产;或治疗与妊娠期间子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的药物组合物,包括:
包含核因子κβ(NF-κB)抑制剂和光特异性结合蛋白的细胞外囊泡。
本发明的另一个实施方式提供了一种包含核因子κβ(NF-κB)抑制剂和光特异性结合蛋白的细胞外囊泡用于制备用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力;治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症、延迟早产;或治疗与妊娠期间子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的药物组合物的用途。
本发明的另一个实施方式提供了用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的方法,包括:
向有此需要的受试者给药包括包含核因子κβ(NF-κB)抑制剂和光特异性结合蛋白的细胞外囊泡的组合物;以及
在给药所述包含细胞外囊泡的组合物的同时、之前或之后给药抗生素或子宫收缩抑制剂。
在某些实施方式中,本发明提供了用于将一种或多种药物递送至胎儿的方法和用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的方法。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了包含细胞外囊泡(包括外泌体)的组合物,以向母体和胎儿受试者递送货物或药物以促进功能改善,包括提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力;治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症;延迟早产;或治疗与子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症。
在某些其他实施方式中,本发明提供了一种外泌体,其携带:
1)具有与第一光特异性结合蛋白缀合的外泌体特异性标志物的第一融合蛋白;以及
2)具有与第二光特异性结合蛋白缀合的作为活性成分的NF-κB抑制蛋白或其片段的第二融合蛋白。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的组合剂,其包括携带以下的外泌体:
(i)包括NF-κB抑制蛋白或其片段的第一组分;以及
(ii)包括作为活性成分的抗生素或子宫收缩抑制剂的第二组分。
在另外某些实施方式中,本发明提供了用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的组合剂,其包括携带以下的外泌体:
(i)1)包括与第一光特异性结合蛋白缀合的外泌体特异性标志物的第一融合蛋白;和2)第一组分,其包括具有与第二光特异性结合蛋白缀合的NF-κB抑制蛋白或其片段的第二融合蛋白;以及
(ii)第二组分,其包括子宫收缩抑制剂或抗生素作为活性成分。
本发明提供了延迟早产和羊膜早破以及调节母体血浆、子宫和宫颈细胞中以及母胎之间的胎盘屏障中促炎和抗炎细胞因子的水平的治疗剂,因此,其可以通过使用携带NF-κB抑制蛋白或其片段的外泌体有效地用作活性剂,是早产和早产相关疾病的治疗组合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了直径尺寸为50-200nm或直径尺寸为50-150nm的包含生物活性货物的外泌体,用于组合物及其方法。
在本发明的另一个特定实施方式中,外泌体被工程化以包含NF-κB的生物抑制剂的突变形式,称为超阻遏物IκB(SR或srIκB,SEQ ID NO:1)(N.Yim et al.,NatureCommunications 7,12277(2016);H.Choi et al.,Sci Adv 6,eaaz6980(2020),其各自的内容通过援引并入本文。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了工程化外泌体的胎儿特异性运输,用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的方法。
在一个实施方式中,本发明提供了包括携带NF-κB抑制蛋白或其片段作为活性成分的外泌体的组合物,其用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症。
某些实施方式中,本发明提供了延迟早产和羊膜早破以及调节母体血浆、子宫和宫颈细胞中以及母胎之间的胎盘屏障中促炎和抗炎细胞因子的水平的治疗剂,因此,其可以通过使用携带NF-κB抑制蛋白或其片段的外泌体有效地用作活性剂,是早产和早产相关疾病的治疗组合物。
附图说明
图1A-1D显示了携带NF-κB抑制剂超阻遏物IκB(SR或srIkB)的工程化外泌体的表征,使用外泌体通过光学可逆的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(EXPLOR)技术进行蛋白质负载。
图1A提供了用于产生负载超阻遏物IκB的外泌体(Exo-srIκB)的DNA构建体的示意图(上)和显示融合蛋白及其提出的光依赖性蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用以产生Exo-srIκB的活性的示意图(下)。
图1D提供了通过蛋白质印迹对产生外泌体的细胞和分离的外泌体的蛋白质谱的结果,其中将稳定表达融合蛋白mcherry-srIkB-CRY2和CIBN-EGFP-CD9的HEK293T细胞以及源自这些HEK293T细胞的外泌体裂解并针对所示蛋白质进行蛋白质印迹。在细胞和外泌体中检测到常见的外泌体标志物四次穿膜蛋白TSG101和CD63以及GAPDH,而高尔基体来源的GM130仅在细胞裂解物中检测到。
图2A-2D显示了Exo-srIkB对幼崽(新生儿)的生存力和体重的影响。向注射了LPS的妊娠15周的CD-1小鼠注射Exo-srIkB。
图2A显示了在不同注射途径注射磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)、脂多糖(LPS)或LPS+Exo-srIκB处理组的小鼠中胎儿的存活率,其中各组如下:
(1)PBS:无LPS注射,仅PBS注射;
(2)LPS:LPS注射但未进一步处理;
(3)LPS+N IP:LPS注射后腹膜内注射Exo-天然(Exo-Naive);
(4)LPS+SR IP:LPS注射后腹膜内注射Exo-srIκB;
(5)LPS+SR IV:LPS注射后静脉内注射Exo-srIkB;
(6)LPS+SR IM:LPS注射后肌肉内注射Exo-srIkB;以及
(7)LPS+SR SubQ:LPS注射后皮下注射Exo-srIkB。
图2B显示了在图2A中的相同组中LPS注射后的存活小时数。
图2C提供了平均母体体重(左)和新生幼崽体重(右)。使用单因素ANOVA和Tukey事后检验分析数据。
图2D提供了在E16(小鼠胚胎第16天)收集时来自PBS、LPS和LPS+Exo-srIκB处理组的幼崽的图像。对于所有组,n≥4。
图3A-3F显示了在LPS注射的妊娠15周的CD-1小鼠中,Exo-srIκB对从母体血浆分离的细胞中的促炎细胞因子IL-1β(图3A)、IL-6(图3B)和IL-8(图3C)和抗炎细胞因子IL-10(图3D)以及宫颈(图3E)和子宫(图3F)中的炎症转录因子NF-kB的水平的影响,其中分组如下:
PBS:无LPS注射,仅PBS注射;
LPS:LPS注射但未进一步处理;
LPS+天然:LPS注射后用Exo-天然处理;以及
LPS+SR:LPS注射后用Exo-srIkB处理。
图4显示了产生用于胎儿细胞运输的转基因动物模型的方法。为了研究胎儿细胞向母体组织的运输,开发了一种小鼠模型,该模型具有在所有细胞和组织中表达的膜靶向串联二聚体Tomato(mT)红荧光蛋白。雌性野生型(C57BL/6J)小鼠与纯合雄性交配,以使得所有胎儿组织表达mT,而任何母体组织不表达mT。通过共聚焦显微镜检测母体子宫内胎儿炎症细胞的迁移。
图5显示了用于表征从妊娠模型小鼠分离的母体子宫和胎膜中的炎症细胞的示意图。通过流式细胞术分析母体和胎儿炎症细胞的细胞迁移和谱变化。
图6是显示Exo-IκB对母体和胎儿炎症细胞和促炎胎儿巨噬细胞(M1)和抗炎胎儿巨噬细胞(M2)的迁移和谱变化的影响的图。向妊娠模型小鼠注射PBS、LPS和LPS+Exo-srIκB,并分析Exo-srIκB导致的炎症细胞的谱变化,其中各组如下:
PBS:无LPS注射,仅PBS注射;
LPS:LPS注射但未进一步处理;以及
LPS+SR:LPS注射后用Exo-srIkB处理。
图6A显示了子宫中胎儿M1:M2的比率。
图6B显示了子宫中促炎细胞:抗炎细胞的比率。
图6C显示了胎膜中M1:M2的比率。
图6D显示了胎膜中促炎细胞:抗炎细胞的比率。
图7A-7D显示Exo-srIκB处理对中性粒细胞浸润到胎膜和组织学绒毛膜羊膜炎(HCA)的影响。荧光显微术用于PBS注射的小鼠(图7A)、LPS注射的小鼠(图7B)和在LPS+Exo-srIκB注射的小鼠(图7C)中表达红色荧光蛋白tdTomato(mT)的细胞与中性粒细胞标志物Ly6G(绿色膜荧光)的共定位。比例尺代表10μm。
图7D显示了在PBS-、LPS-和LPS+Exo-srIκB(LPS-SR)-注射的小鼠的胎膜中Ly6G+中性粒细胞共定位的定量结果。对于所有实验组,n≥5,并且使用单因素ANOVA和Tukey事后检验分析数据。
图8A-8E显示了PBS-、LPS-和LPS+Exo-srIκB注射组的小鼠的胎儿和母体中性粒细胞和自然杀伤(NK)细胞的流式细胞术分析。
图8A:胎盘中的中性粒细胞;
图8B:胎膜中的中性粒细胞;
图8C:宫颈中的NK1.1+和NK1.1+/DX5+细胞;
图8D:胎盘中的NK1.1+和NK1.1+/DX5+细胞;以及
图8E:胎膜中的NK1.1+和NK1.1+/DX5+细胞。
对于所有组,n≥4。数据显示为平均值±SEM。对于多重分析,使用具有Tukey校正的双因素ANOVA计算P值。*P≤0.05**P≤0.01***P≤0.001****P≤0.0001。
图9A-9C显示了位于母体组织中的胎儿巨噬细胞。
图9A:宫颈;
图9B:子宫;以及
图9C:蜕膜。
共定位3维模型中的箭头表示胎儿巨噬细胞(mT+F4/80+)。
图10显示了Exo-srIκB对来自LPS-和LPS+Exo-srIκB注射组的母体和胎儿组织中免疫细胞浸润的影响。比较了LPS(左)和LPS+Exo-srIκB(在右侧显示为LPS+SR)处理之间的免疫细胞浸润,这主要是胎儿反应,并且在Exo-srIκB处理的胎儿-母体界面处减少。LPS注射的小鼠的免疫细胞浸润。箭头表示细胞数量的增加或减少。*P=0.07;**P=0.06。
图11A展示了用于确定大肠杆菌(E.coli)浓度的研究:在E15天(小鼠胚胎第15天),以1E+03、1E+06、1E+10和1E+11CFU/ml的剂量通过阴道给药向妊娠CD 1小鼠注射大肠杆菌。给药后,将小鼠置于视频监控下以监测早产。
图11B展示了在获得的1E+11CFU/ml的大肠杆菌的最佳浓度下诱导早产的结果。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗母体和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与母体、优选但不限于子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的方法,包括:
向有此需要的受试者给药包括包含核因子κβ(NF-κB)抑制剂和光特异性结合蛋白的细胞外囊泡的组合物。
本发明还提供了用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力;治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症、延迟早产;或治疗与妊娠期间子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的药物组合物,包括:
包含核因子κβ(NF-κB)抑制剂和光特异性结合蛋白的细胞外囊泡。
此外,本发明提供了一种包含核因子κβ(NF-κB)抑制剂和光特异性结合蛋白的细胞外囊泡用于制备用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力;治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症、延迟早产;或治疗与妊娠期间子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的药物组合物的用途。
此外,本发明提供了用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的方法,包括:
向有此需要的受试者给药包括包含核因子κβ(NF-κB)抑制剂和光特异性结合蛋白的细胞外囊泡的组合物;以及
在给药所述包含细胞外囊泡的组合物的同时、之前或之后给药抗生素或子宫收缩抑制剂。
在某些实施方式中,本发明提供了用于将一种或多种药物递送至胎儿的方法和用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的方法。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的组合剂,其包括携带以下的外泌体:
(i)包括NF-κB抑制蛋白或其片段的第一组分;以及
(ii)包括作为活性成分的抗生素或子宫收缩抑制剂的第二组分。
在另外某些实施方式中,本发明提供了用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的组合剂,其包括携带以下的外泌体:
(i)1)包括与第一光特异性结合蛋白缀合的外泌体特异性标志物的第一融合蛋白;和2)第一组分,其包括具有与第二光特异性结合蛋白缀合的NF-κB抑制蛋白或其片段的第二融合蛋白;以及
(ii)第二组分,其包括子宫收缩抑制剂或抗生素作为活性成分。
本发明提供了延迟早产和羊膜早破以及调节母体血浆、子宫和宫颈细胞中以及母胎之间的胎盘屏障中促炎和抗炎细胞因子的水平的治疗剂,因此,其可以通过使用携带NF-κB抑制蛋白或其片段的外泌体有效地用作活性剂,是早产和早产相关疾病的治疗组合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了直径尺寸为50-200nm或直径尺寸为50-150nm的包含生物活性货物的外泌体,用于组合物及其方法。
在本发明的另一个特定实施方式中,外泌体被工程化以包含NF-κB的生物抑制剂的突变形式,称为超阻遏物IκB(SR或srIκB,SEQ ID NO:1)(N.Yim et al.,NatureCommunications 7,12277(2016);H.Choi et al.,Sci Adv 6,eaaz6980(2020)。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了工程化外泌体的胎儿特异性运输,用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的方法。
在一个实施方式中,本发明提供了包括携带NF-κB抑制蛋白或其片段作为活性成分的外泌体的组合物,其用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症。
某些实施方式中,本发明提供了延迟早产和羊膜早破以及调节母体血浆、子宫和宫颈细胞中以及母胎之间的胎盘屏障中促炎和抗炎细胞因子的水平的治疗剂,因此,其可以通过使用携带NF-κB抑制蛋白或其片段的外泌体有效地用作活性剂,是早产和早产相关疾病的治疗组合物。
细胞外囊泡
本发明提供了包括细胞外囊泡、优选外泌体的组合物,其有效用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症。实例使用外泌体呈现,但不限于外泌体,而可以是本领域普通技术人员已知的具有类似功能的细胞外囊泡。
在某些其他实施方式中,本发明提供了一种外泌体,其携带:
1)具有与第一光特异性结合蛋白缀合的外泌体特异性标志物的第一融合蛋白;以及
2)具有与第二光特异性结合蛋白缀合的作为活性成分的NF-κB抑制蛋白或其片段的第二融合蛋白。
在本发明中使用的外泌体中,
所述光特异性结合蛋白是第一光特异性结合蛋白或第二光特异性结合蛋白;
所述第一光特异性结合蛋白与外泌体特异性标志物缀合以形成第一融合蛋白(融合蛋白I);并且所述第二光特异性结合蛋白与NF-κB抑制蛋白缀合以形成第二融合蛋白(融合蛋白II);
所述融合蛋白I和所述融合蛋白II通过所述第一光特异性结合蛋白和所述第二光特异性结合蛋白可逆地连接;
所述第一光特异性结合蛋白与所述外泌体特异性标志物缀合以在朝向所述外泌体内部的方向上位于;
所述第一光特异性结合蛋白和所述第二光特异性结合蛋白选自由以下组成的组:隐花色素相互作用的碱性-螺旋-环-螺旋蛋白(CIB)、CIB的N末端结构域(CIBN)、光敏色素B(PhyB)、光敏色素相互作用因子(PIF)、黄素结合Kelch重复F盒1(FKF1)、GIGANTEA、CRY2隐花色素2(CRY2)和光裂合酶同源区(PHR),
其中,所述第一光特异性结合蛋白是CIB或CIBN并且所述第二光特异性结合蛋白是CRY2或PHR,或者所述第一光特异性结合蛋白是CRY2或PHR并且所述第二光特异性结合蛋白是CIB或CIBN;或者
其中,所述第一光特异性结合蛋白是PhyB并且所述第二光特异性结合蛋白是PIF,或者所述第一光特异性结合蛋白是PIF并且所述第二光特异性结合蛋白是PhyB;或者
其中,所述第一光特异性结合蛋白是GIGANTEA并且所述第二光特异性结合蛋白是FKF1,或者所述第一光特异性结合蛋白是FKF1并且所述第二光特异性结合蛋白是GIGANTEA;
所述外泌体特异性标志物选自由CD9、CD63、CD81和CD82组成的组;并且
所述NF-κB抑制剂选自由以下组成的组:NF-κB抑制药物、NF-κB抑制蛋白或其片段、及其混合物。
外泌体被工程化为包括一种或多种NF-κB抑制剂,并且当给药于妊娠受试者时,增强处于风险的发育胎儿和新生儿的健康和生存力,并提供了用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的方法。
如本文所用,术语“外泌体”是指尺寸在约50-200nm范围内的小的细胞外囊泡(EV)。
外泌体从所有类型的细胞中释放出来,并且可以包括多种细胞成分,包括蛋白质、DNA和RNA。外泌体提供了独特的优势,为用于体内给药的生物分子(诸如蛋白质治疗剂)提供稳定的形式。
在没有列出所有细节的情况下,将在先的美国专利号10,702,581的内容通过援引并入本文以提供用于在HEK293细胞中制备包含本发明的NF-kB抑制剂的外泌体的组合物和方法。简而言之,在选择的宿主细胞中表达一对蛋白质(外泌体特异性标志物和货物蛋白,诸如NF-κB抑制剂)以产生高浓度的外泌体。外泌体特异性标志物被工程化成表达为包括光特异性结合蛋白,诸如CIBN或CRY2(这些仅在特定波长的光存在下结合)的融合蛋白。一旦宿主细胞产生了外泌体和这对蛋白质,就用选择性的光波长照射宿主细胞,以诱导外泌体特异性标志物和货物蛋白的连接,形成光诱导的二聚体蛋白。然后,二聚体通过外泌体特异性标志物的作用进入外泌体。当光照射终止时,二聚体在外泌体内分离成货物蛋白和光特异性结合蛋白。结果,可以有效地制备包含从融合蛋白中分离的游离货物蛋白的外泌体。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中,本发明的外泌体还包括光特异性结合蛋白,其中,
所述光特异性结合蛋白包括第一光特异性结合蛋白和第二光特异性结合蛋白,其在照射时相互可逆地相互作用;
所述第一光特异性结合蛋白与外泌体特异性标志物缀合以形成第一融合蛋白(融合蛋白I);并且所述第二光特异性结合蛋白与NF-κB抑制蛋白缀合以形成第二融合蛋白(融合蛋白II);
所述融合蛋白I和所述融合蛋白II通过所述第一光特异性结合蛋白和所述第二光特异性结合蛋白可逆地连接;或
所述第一光特异性结合蛋白与所述外泌体特异性标志物缀合以在朝向所述外泌体内部的方向上定位。
术语“光特异性结合蛋白”是指光诱导的异二聚体蛋白、光诱导的同二聚体蛋白。当用特定波长的光照射时,两种不同类型的蛋白质可以形成异二聚体蛋白质,或者两种相同类型的蛋白质可以形成同二聚体蛋白质。
在一个具体实施方式中,所述第一光特异性结合蛋白和所述第二光特异性结合蛋白选自由以下组成的组:CIB(隐花色素相互作用的碱性-螺旋-环-螺旋蛋白)、CIBN(CIB的N末端结构域)、PhyB(光敏色素B)、PIF(光敏色素相互作用因子)、FKF1(黄素结合Kelch重复F盒子1)、GIGANTEA、CRY2(CRY2隐花色素2)和PHR(光裂合酶同源区),但不限于此。
在另一个具体实施方式中,所述第一光特异性结合蛋白是CIB或CIBN并且所述第二光特异性结合蛋白是CRY或PHR,或者所述第一光特异性结合蛋白是CRY或PHR并且所述第二光特异性结合蛋白是CIB或CIBN。
在另一个实施方式中,所述第一光特异性结合蛋白是PhyB并且所述第二光特异性结合蛋白是PIF,或者所述第一光特异性结合蛋白是PIF并且所述第二光特异性结合蛋白是PhyB。
在另一个实施方式中,所述第一光特异性结合蛋白是GIGANTEA并且所述第二光特异性结合蛋白是FKF1,或者所述第一光特异性结合蛋白是FKF1并且所述第二光特异性结合蛋白是GIGANTEA。
如本文所用,术语“光”是指照射的光以暂时使产生外泌体的细胞中表达的第一光特异性结合蛋白和第二光特异性结合蛋白结合。例如,蓝光、红光、黄光,优选地,450-485纳米,更优选地,488纳米波长的蓝光。某些波长的光发射可损害细胞。
在本发明中,术语“外泌体特异性标志物”是指大量存在于外泌体膜中的蛋白质。所述外泌体特异性标志物任选地选自由CD9、CD63、CD81和CD82组成的组,但不限于此。
在某些实施方式中,本发明提供了直径尺寸为50-200nm或直径尺寸为50-150nm包含生物活性货物的外泌体,用于组合物及其方法。
NF-κB抑制剂
本发明提供和使用包含NF-κB抑制剂的细胞外囊泡,
其中,
所述NF-κB抑制剂选自由以下组成的组:NF-κB抑制药物、NF-κB抑制蛋白或其片段、及其混合物;
其中,所述NF-κB抑制蛋白选自由以下组成的组:超阻遏物-IκB(SRIκB)、IκB-α、IκB-β、IκB-ε和B细胞淋巴瘤3(BCL3)、其突变体及其混合物。
广义上,NF-κB抑制剂选自由以下组成的组:NF-κB抑制药物、NF-κB抑制蛋白或其片段、和/或其混合物。
特别地,所述述NF-κB抑制蛋白选自由以下组成的组:超阻遏物-IκB、IκB-α、IκB-β、IκB-ε、BCL-3、其突变体和/或其混合物。
在一个实施方式中,NF-κB抑制蛋白是超阻遏物-IκB,但也可以是任何能与NF-κB结合并抑制细胞质中NF-κB活化的蛋白质。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明的外泌体包含NF-κB的生物抑制剂的突变形式,称为超阻遏物(SR)IκB(srIκB,SEQ ID NO:1)。突变体超阻遏物-IκB避免了IκB激酶(IKK)的磷酸化和通过蛋白酶体的分解。
在本发明的另一个实施方式中,srIκB突变蛋白将IκB(SEQ ID NO:2)的Ser32和Ser36替换为Ala。
SEQ ID NO:1智人(Homo sapiens),超阻遏物-IκB(srIκB)
MFQAAERPQEWAMEGPRDGLKKERLLDDRHDAGLDAMKDEEYEQMVKELQEIRLEPQEVPRGSEPWKQQLTEDGDSFLHLAIIHEEKALTMEVIRQVKGDLAFLNFQNNLQQTPLHLAVITNQPEIAEALLGAGCDPELRDFRGNTPLHLACEQGCLASVGVLTQSCTTPHLHSILKATNYNGHTCLHLASIHGYLGIVELLVSLGADVNAQEPCNGRTALHLAVDLQNPDLVSLLLKCGADVNRVTYQGYSPYQLTWGRPSTRIQQQLGQLTLENLQMLPESEDEESYDTESEFTEFTEDELPYDDCVFGGQRLTL
SEQ ID NO:2智人,IκB-α
MFQAAERPQEWAMEGPRDGLKKERLLDDRHDSGLDSMKDEEYEQMVKELQEIRLEPQEVPRGSEPWKQQLTEDGDSFLHLAIIHEEKALTMEVIRQVKGDLAFLNFQNNLQQTPLHLAVITNQPEIAEALLGAGCDPELRDFRGNTPLHLACEQGCLASVGVLTQSCTTPHLHSILKATNYNGHTCLHLASIHGYLGIVELLVSLGADVNAQEPCNGRTALHLAVDLQNPDLVSLLLKCGADVNRVTYQGYSPYQLTWGRPSTRIQQQLGQLTLENLQMLPESEDEESYDTESEFTEFTEDELPYDDCVFGGQRLTL
在另一个实施方式中,IκB-β包括具有SEQ ID NO:3-6的氨基酸序列的任何多肽。IκB-ε包括具有SEQ ID NO:7的氨基酸序列的多肽。
在另一个实施方式中,BCL-3包括具有SEQ ID NO:8的氨基酸序列的任何多肽。
制备包含NF-kB抑制剂的细胞外囊泡的方法
本发明包括携带NF-κB抑制蛋白或其片段的外泌体可以通过包括以下步骤的方法制备,但不限于此:
a)将编码具有外泌体特异性标志物和第一光特异性结合蛋白的第一融合蛋白的多核苷酸以及编码具有NF-κB抑制蛋白或片段和第二光特异性结合蛋白的第二融合蛋白的多核苷酸引入产生外泌体的细胞中,所述第二光特异性结合蛋白可以与所述第一光特异性结合蛋白缀合;
b)用LED光照射产生外泌体的细胞以诱导第一光特异性结合蛋白和第二光特异性结合蛋白之间的缀合;以及
c)确认产生外泌体的细胞中产生了外泌体后停止照射。
如本文所用,术语“产生外泌体的细胞”是指能够产生外泌体的细胞。
产生外泌体的细胞是T淋巴细胞、树突细胞、巨核细胞(megakaryocyte)、巨噬细胞、干细胞和肿瘤细胞,但不特别限于B淋巴细胞。在一个实施方式中,产生外泌体的细胞是HEK293细胞,包括HEK293F或HEK293T细胞,永生化细胞系。
包含NF-kB抑制剂的细胞外囊泡的用途
本发明提供了用于向胎儿递送药物和用于改善胎儿寿命或胎儿和新生儿生存力的方法。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了包含细胞外囊泡(包括外泌体)的组合物,以将NF-κB抑制剂诸如药物、抑制蛋白或其片段递送至母体和胎儿单位以引起功能变化。
根据本发明的“受试者”被广义认为是将从本发明的包括NF-κB抑制剂的外泌体的给药中受益的任何哺乳动物。根据本发明的对象可以是任何哺乳动物,雄性或雌性。为了治疗妊娠胎儿或婴儿的早产或降低其风险,受试者是怀有幼崽的雌性哺乳动物。对于人类医学,受试者是有早产风险的孕妇。对于兽医学,受试者还包括有早产风险的作为非人类哺乳动物的怀孕的雌性,对于它们,这种治疗是期望的和有效的。因此,受试者可以是任何怀孕的雌性家养或野生哺乳动物。野生哺乳动物包括被提供兽医护理的圈养动物,例如灵长类动物,诸如猴、类人猿,猫科动物,诸如狮子、老虎,其他野生动物,诸如大象、斑马、骆驼,犬科动物,诸如狼,水栖哺乳动物,诸如海豚,鲸目动物,诸如鲸等。家畜可以是宠物,诸如猫和狗,经济上有用的家畜,诸如马、牛、猪,山羊属(Capra)的成员,诸如山羊,以及对于其来说这样的治疗是期望的和有效的任何其他哺乳动物。
在一个实施方式中,早产是指在妊娠20至37周之前发生的分娩。
根据本发明的受试者还包括用于实验模型系统的哺乳动物(例如,用于筛选、表征和评估药物的研究中的小鼠和大鼠)和用于测试的其他哺乳动物,诸如兔、豚鼠、仓鼠、猫,以及猿类,诸如黑猩猩、大猩猩和猴。
本发明提供了携带NF-κB抑制蛋白的外泌体(诸如超阻遏物-IκB(SR-外泌体))可以通过延迟早产和受试者羊膜早破来延长受试者的处于风险的妊娠。
在一个实施方式中,将SR外泌体给药于早产模型中的小鼠(由脂多糖“LPS”施用诱导的早产)导致LPS小鼠的妊娠期相对于未治疗的LPS小鼠延长。此外,发现SR外泌体降低NF-κB活性并增加促炎细胞因子和抗炎细胞因子的水平。
本发明提供了用于使用携带NF-κB抑制蛋白(IκB)或其片段的外泌体作为活性成分来预防或治疗早产和早产相关疾病的组合物。
外泌体可用于治疗或诊断特定疾病,因为外泌体可以充当一种或多种目的蛋白质的载体,并且可以将目的蛋白质递送至靶细胞或组织。
本发明提供了用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的方法,包括:
向有此需要的受试者给药包含携带NF-κB抑制剂的细胞外囊泡(外泌体)的组合物,其中
所述组合物通过口服、透皮、腹膜内、静脉内、肌肉内、皮下、鞘内、阴道、子宫内或混合途径给药。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的方法,包括:
向有此需要的受试者同时或分开给药包含携带NF-κB抑制剂的细胞外囊泡(外泌体)的组合物、一种或多种抗生素和/或子宫收缩抑制剂,
其中所述一种或多种抗生素选自由以下组成的组:青霉素类、头孢菌素类、大环内酯类、林可酰胺类、碳青霉烯类、糖肽类抗生素、氨基糖苷类抗生素、四环素类抗生素、红霉素、硝基咪唑类、β-内酰胺酶抑制剂、其衍生物及其混合物;并且所述子宫收缩抑制剂选自由以下组成的组:黄体酮、硝苯地平、阿托西班、利托君、吲哚美辛、硫酸镁、奥西那林、特布他林、沙丁胺醇、非诺特罗、苄丙酚胺、异克舒令、海索那林及其混合物,但不限于此。
在某些实施方式中,抗生素是青霉素类、头孢菌素类、大环内酯类抗生素、林可酰胺类、碳青霉烯类、糖肽类、氨基糖苷类、四环素类、硝基咪唑类或其两种或更多种组合,但不限于此。例如,青霉素类包括青霉素G、青霉素V、氨苄青霉素、阿莫西林或哌拉西林;头孢菌素类包括头孢唑林、头孢呋辛、头孢替坦、头孢美唑、头孢噻肟、头孢唑肟、头孢曲松、头孢他啶、头孢哌酮、cefromerome、头孢吡肟、头孢氨苄、头孢拉定、头孢羟氨苄、头孢克洛、头孢丙烯、氯碳头孢(loracarbef)、头孢泊肟、头孢泊肟或头孢克肟;大环内酯类包括红霉素、克拉霉素、泰乐菌素、交沙霉素或白霉素(leucomycin);林可酰胺类包括林可霉素(lincomycin)或克林霉素(clindamycin);碳青霉烯类包括亚胺培南、美罗培南、多立培南或厄他培南;糖肽可包括替考拉宁;氨基糖苷类包括庆大霉素、妥布霉素或阿米卡星(amicasin);并且四环素类包括四环素、地美环素、美他环素、多西环素或米诺环素,但不限于此。
在一个具体实施方式中,抗生素是青霉素或β-内酰胺酶抑制剂。
在某个实施方式中,本发明使用0.1-150mg/kg、1-100mg/kg、5-75mg/kg、5-50mg/kg、7-20mg/kg或10-15mg/kg剂量的抗生素、抗早产剂(tocolytic agent)或子宫收缩抑制剂。
在本发明的某个实施方式中,所述组合物是药物组合物并且以药学有效量给药。如本文所用,“药学有效量”是指足以以适用于医学治疗的合理收益/风险率治疗疾病的量,有效量取决于患者的疾病类型、疾病严重程度、药物活性、对药物的敏感性、给药时间、给药途径和渗出率、治疗时间、同时使用的附加药物以及医学领域众所周知的因素。如本文所用,本发明的组合物可以作为单独的治疗剂或与其他治疗剂组合给药。与常规治疗剂组合使用的药物组合物可以依次或同时、一次或多次给药。考虑到上述所有因素,本领域技术人员可以很容易地确定,以没有副作用的具有最大效果的最小量给药组合物的量是重要的。
包括本发明的NF-κB抑制性外泌体的药物组合物可以根据需要包括药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂和添加剂,以配制用于口服给药、注射或输注的外泌体。这些包括例如稳定剂、表面活性剂、硬化剂、润滑剂、增溶剂、缓冲剂、助悬剂、抗氧化剂、润湿改性剂、消泡剂、防腐剂、缓冲剂、等渗缓冲溶液、pH调节剂等。对于口服制剂,任选包括包衣剂、矫味剂和甜味剂。
本发明的药物组合物优选给药于妊娠少于20至34周的人类受试者。
本发明的药物组合物可以口服、输注、肠胃外或通过任何其他本领域已知的给药途径给药。他给药途径包括,例如,经皮、腹膜内、静脉内、肌肉内、皮下、皮内、阴道或宫内给药。此外,药物组合物可以通过任何可以使活性成分移动到靶细胞的装置来给药。
本文药物组合物的剂型可以根据配制方法,给药方法,患者的年龄、体重、疾病、症状和症状的严重程度适当地选择,但并不特别受限。例如,通过片剂(包括舌下和泡腾片)、颗粒剂、酸类、液体剂、糖浆剂(包括干糖浆剂)、凝胶剂、胶囊剂(包括软胶囊、微胶囊)的口服给药;注射(皮下注射、静脉内注射、肌肉内注射、腹膜内注射等)和通过阴道片剂、阴道软膏/乳膏、阴道环、阴道凝胶或阴道发泡剂、阴道插入栓剂(包括直肠栓剂、阴道栓剂)、宫内递送系统、吸入器、透皮吸收剂、滴眼剂和滴鼻剂的非口服给药。
本文药物组合物的剂量根据患者的年龄、性别、体重、疾病、症状及其严重程度适当确定。一般来说,每kg体重0.05-150mg,每kg体重0.1mg至100mg,或每kg体重0.5mg至50mg,可以每天、每隔一天、一天一次或多次给药,但仅限于本发明的范围。
本文的药物组合物的制剂可以包括本领域已知的添加剂。例如,用于口服给药的固体制剂可以通过将赋形剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、活性剂、着色剂、矫味剂剂和/或香料添加到活性成分中,然后根据常规方法通过模制、组装或封装来制备成片剂、丸剂、颗粒剂、散剂和胶囊剂的形式。口服给药的口服液体制剂可以根据常规方法通过将溶剂(例如,纯净水或乙醇)、溶解补充剂、助悬剂、矫味剂、缓冲剂、等渗剂、稳定剂和/或香料添加到活性成分中然后进行粗流体分配来制备成口服液体糖浆的形式。注射给药的溶液可以根据常规方法通过将pH调节剂、缓冲剂、稳定剂、等渗剂和/或局部麻醉剂与在容器中无菌引入、皮下、肌肉内和静脉内溶解制备的活性剂混合来制备。直肠栓剂可以根据常规方法通过将赋形剂和表面活性剂添加到活性成分中然后混合和模制来制备。软膏剂型可以根据常规方法通过将基质诸如白凡士林或石蜡、稳定剂、润湿剂、防腐剂诸如甲基过苯甲酸添加到活性成分中来制备成糊剂、乳膏剂和凝胶剂的形式。
本发明还提供了用于预防或治疗早产和早产相关疾病的组合药剂,其包括:
包括携带NF-κB抑制蛋白或其片段的外泌体的第一组分;以及
包括抗生素或子宫收缩抑制剂作为活性成分的第二组分。
更具体地,本发明提供了用于预防或治疗早产和早产相关疾病的药剂组合,其包括携带以下的外泌体:
(i)1)具有外泌体特异性标志物和第一光特异性结合蛋白的第一融合蛋白;和2)第一组分,其包括具有NF-κB抑制蛋白或其片段和第二光特异性结合蛋白的第二融合蛋白;以及
(ii)携带抗生素或子宫收缩抑制剂作为活性成分的第二组分。
本发明提供了一种用于治疗早产相关疾病的携带NF-κB抑制蛋白或其片段的外泌体,以及第一组分和第二组分的剂型的制备方法。配制方法如下所述。
在本发明中,向有此需要的受试者同时、分开或依次给药包含携带NF-κB抑制剂的细胞外囊泡(外泌体)的组合物和抗生素和/或子宫收缩抑制剂。
如本文所用,术语“同时”是指在给药药学有效量的包含携带NF-κB抑制剂的外泌体的组合物后立即或在一定间隔后给药药学有效量的抗生素和/或子宫收缩抑制剂。替代地,包含携带NF-κB抑制剂的外泌体的组合物可以在给药第二组分之后立即给药,或者在给药抗生素和/或第二组分之后的一定间隔之后给药。
如本文所用,术语“分开(包括连续或随后给药)”是指在药学有效量的包含携带NF-κB抑制剂的外泌体的组合物的给药停止某时期之后,给药药学有效量的抗生素和/或子宫收缩抑制剂。替代地,可以在抗生素和/或子宫收缩抑制剂的给药停止某时期之后给药包含携带NF-κB抑制剂的外泌体的组合物。此外,术语“停止特定时期之后”是指包含携带NF-κB抑制剂的外泌体的组合物和抗生素和/或子宫收缩抑制剂的给药之间的时间。本文中的特定时期可以是数小时、数天、数周或数月。
携带NF-κB抑制蛋白的外泌体可以延迟早产和羊膜早破,并调节母体血浆、子宫和宫颈内以及母亲和胎儿之间的屏障内促炎细胞因子和抗炎细胞因子的水平。NF-κB抑制蛋白或其片段包含在外泌体内。此外,抗生素或子宫收缩抑制剂可用作活性成分与NF-κB抑制蛋白组合用于预防或治疗早产和早产相关疾病。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供了工程化外泌体的胎儿特异性运输、用于治疗母体单位和胎儿中的感染和炎症、用于改善胎儿的生存力、用于提高胎儿的存活时间、用于改善新生儿的生存力的方法。
在某些实施方式中,早产相关疾病包括产前炎症(产前炎症反应)、提前分娩(未足月分娩、preterm labor)、早产(preterm delivery)、早生(preterm birth)、羊膜早破、低出生体重和子宫肌瘤引起的胎儿炎症反应综合征(FIRS)。
在另一个实施方式中,产前炎症反应包括宫内炎症、绒毛膜羊膜炎、羊膜炎、羊水感染、胎盘感染和羊膜内感染。
不希望受关于本发明的操作的任何理论或假设的束缚,本发明提供了包括负载srIκB的外泌体(Exo-srIκB)的组合物,以通过在小鼠模型中延迟感染诱导的PTB或通过降低胎儿和母体的炎症反应(先天免疫细胞运输和炎性细胞因子产生)来有效改善胎儿的生存力和新生儿的健康,但不限于此。本发明有效地递送srIκB以降低胎儿先天细胞迁移和各种胎儿和母体组织中的炎症反应。
更具体地,本发明通过给药包括包含NF-κB抑制药物的外泌体的本发明组合物来降低胎儿免疫细胞运输以降低胎儿和母体单位的炎症,以及提高胎儿的寿命以改善新生儿的健康。
本发明还提供了治疗有效药物的持续释放,而常规的持续作用需要治疗剂的重复给药。
此外,本发明提供了组合物和方法,用于通过用Exo-srIκB治疗来通过延长妊娠期、减少促炎因子诸如包括但不限于白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)和增加抗炎因子包括但不限于白细胞介素-10(IL-10)而改善胎儿和新生儿的生存力。胎儿先天免疫细胞向母体子宫组织运输和LPS诱导的PTB以胎儿和母体组织中的胎儿而非母体先天免疫细胞为主。胎儿免疫细胞对各种胎儿和母体组织作出反应和迁移的能力表明子宫内的功能活跃的胎儿免疫系统。LPS攻击后胎儿先天免疫细胞对特定母体子宫组织的趋向性是组织依赖性的。
研究表明,这些并发症的预后受宫内环境影响。事实上,宫内环境,包括宫内感染和炎症、子宫缺血、子宫过度扩张、异常异体意识和异体反应、宫颈疾病和内分泌失调是导致早产和一些产前并发症并影响死亡的多种病理原因。
称为宫内炎症、绒毛膜羊膜炎、羊膜炎、羊水感染、胎盘感染和羊膜内感染的产前炎症反应主要是由阴道和子宫颈的细菌感染引起的,并且通常在羊膜早破之前发生。感染子宫的细菌首先局限在蜕膜-绒毛膜上,侵入羊膜引起炎症,然后穿透脐带引起脐带炎症(脐带炎)。这种炎症也会影响胎儿。宫内感染或炎症会激活胎儿先天性(先天)免疫系统,从而导致“胎儿炎症反应综合征(FIRS)”。FIRS的最初定义是指脐带中高浓度的白细胞介素-6(IL-6)(≥11pg/mL),但最近的研究表明,FIRS与肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)和c反应蛋白(CRP)相关。已知患有FIRS的胎儿有较高几率的新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)、新生儿败血症、肺炎、支气管肺发育不良(BPD)、脑室内出血(IVH)、增生性疣状白斑(PVL)、脑瘫、坏死性小肠结肠炎和早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)。
胎儿生存力降低和新生儿健康状况下降是由多种病因的多因素引起的,包括但不限于感染和宿主对感染的炎症反应。尽管在胎儿和母体子宫组织中报告了免疫细胞激活和迁移,但胎儿先天免疫细胞在确定妊娠结局方面的具体贡献仍然难以捉摸。在过去的几十年中,提前终止妊娠率并没有改善,这表明对这些途径存在未满足的需求和更好地了解,特别是与胎儿存活率降低相关的胎儿免疫信号传导,部分原因是无法区分胎儿和母体免疫细胞。
以下实验证实本发明提高了用于早产的脂多糖(LPS)模型中的胎儿寿命。这表明抑制胎儿先天免疫反应可能会影响可存活新生儿的生产。本发明还提出,不希望受任何理论或假设束缚,胎儿炎症反应引发母体子宫组织以将其转变为分娩表型。再次,希望受任何理论或假设束缚,这种炎症反应是对减少胎儿寿命的风险因素(例如感染)、胎儿组织衰老或能够在胎膜和胎盘中产生核因子κB蛋白(NF-κB)活化的器官成熟信号的存在做出的反应。
母体和胎儿免疫系统之间的关系
胎儿微嵌合体被定义为胎儿细胞在母体器官和循环中持续存在而没有任何移植物抗宿主反应或排斥反应。已在正常和早产妊娠中研究了母体隔室中的胎儿微嵌合体和胎儿免疫细胞的特征。然而,它们的功能作用仍然未知。免疫状态通常在事件发生后(例如人类足月出生或早产)和/或在特定实验暴露后的动物处死后确定。由于在组织水平上实时测量细胞运输是不切实际的,因此经常错过免疫状态变化期间的关键窗口,尤其是在对感染的反应中。这可能是由于缺乏指示胎儿特异性免疫反应的标志物以及在妊娠期间对胎儿生物样品进行纵向取样的不切实际。因此,胎儿免疫系统一直是母胎耐受性和子宫收缩开始的一个未被认识到的关键方面。
很少有研究试图评估不利妊娠条件下胎儿对比于母体的免疫反应。Gomez-Lopez等人->citation?的研究使用DNA指纹和Y染色体FISH表明羊水中的中性粒细胞来自胎儿和母亲二者,并且它们可促进与羊膜内感染相关的炎症反应。Gomez-Lopez等人强调了因果关系问题,因为胎儿组织样品是在足月或PTB后获得的,因此,很难用生产后样品确定免疫状态变化的关键窗口。这样的产后样品可能与许多与分娩相关的因素混淆,尤其是在对羊膜腔内感染反应时。
基于已知的分析方法和结果,本发明的HCA数据证实胎儿中性粒细胞主要负责胎膜的免疫细胞浸润。尽管已知早产(PTB)小鼠模型中巨噬细胞群没有重大变化,但在记录有羊膜内感染和炎症的妇女的羊水中发现,与母体巨噬细胞相比,胎儿巨噬细胞占优势。可以通过将大肠杆菌注射到具有MyD88基因敲除的小鼠中来产生诱导提前分娩的动物模型。MyD88是NF-κB激活所需的关键组分之一。当与大肠杆菌注射相结合时,产生了用于诱导提前分娩的小鼠模型。然而,小鼠中大肠杆菌诱导的PTB依赖于母体而非胎儿MyD88表达,这表明母体而非胎儿对PTB的炎症贡献。不受理论束缚,胎儿可以通过免疫细胞向母体子宫隔室的流入发出准备好生产的信号。然而,母体子宫组织响应这些胎儿免疫信号必须产生炎症反应,以将静止的子宫肌层和宫颈转变为分娩表型静止的子宫肌层和宫颈转变为分娩表型。由于缺少由NF-κB应答基因(诸如炎症细胞因子COX-2和MMP9)引起的局部母体子宫炎症,母体MyD88敲除可能阻断了Filipovich模型中的PTB。这些基因激活对于肌层收缩和宫颈重塑至关重要。据报道,胎盘炎症可能是通过响应LPS的TLR-MyD88非依赖性机制介导的,这可能会抵消MyD88敲除胎儿的影响。因此,这些数据在MyD88介导的胎儿对比于母体效应方面产生了歧义。
这些差异可归因于多种因素,包括小鼠品系、使用的兴奋物和时间。在本发明中,研究表明母体侧的炎症不是分娩的要求而是分娩的结果,并且其他研究表明,PTB不需要蜕膜中性粒细胞浸润。
不旨在受到理论或假设的束缚,本发明提供了,胎儿炎症反应引发母体静止免疫系统转变为活跃状态,并且母体特异性免疫激活不是必需的。
动物模型
本发明中使用的动物模型可能不直接代表人类足月生产或早产。无论给药途径如何,注射LPS或活细菌都不会模拟人类中的感染/炎症相关的PTB。然而,本领域技术人员理解,小鼠模型和其他动物模型已经提供了有价值的信息,以帮助理解人类中常见的机制(特别是旁分泌和免疫功能)。尽管NF-κB作为促炎反应的介质被广泛研究,但它是一种普遍存在的分子,涉及多种替代途径,包括细胞凋亡和细胞增殖。
尽管本发明中的实验数据仅限于先天免疫细胞,但本领域技术人员也将理解,该结果可以用本领域公知的知识解释和适用于人类细胞。适应性免疫反应,无论是独立的还是响应先天性细胞浸润或激活而诱导的,仍然是与足月分娩和提前分娩相关的机制。
实施例
以下实施例在本质上仅是示例性的,并不旨在限制应用和用途。以下实施例进一步说明本发明,然而并不将本发明的范围限制于此。本领域技术人员可以在本发明的描述的基础上进行各种改动和修改,并且这样的改动和修改也包括在本发明中。
实施例1.材料和方法
实施例1-1.包含SR的外泌体的表征和分析
外泌体的透射电子显微术(TEM)以确定尺寸和形态
根据之前的工作但进行了一些修改,使用透射电子显微术(TEM)对来自稳定细胞系的外泌体进行成像以确定形态(H.Choi et al.,Exosome-based delivery of super-repressor IκBα relieves sepsis-associated organ damage and mortality.Sci Adv6,eaaz6980(2020))。简而言之,将悬浮在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中的5μL外泌体加载到辉光放电碳涂层铜网格(Electron Microscopy Sciences,Hatfield,USA)上。网格用滤纸吸干,然后用2%乙酸双氧铀染色。将样品干燥20秒,然后用Tecnai G2 Retrofit(FEI,Hillsboro,OR)观察。
以纳米颗粒追踪分析(NTA)确定外泌体尺寸和浓度
使用PMX 110(Particle Metrix,Meerbusch,Germany)及其相应的软件(8.02.28)进行纳米颗粒跟踪分析(NTA)。将1×PBS中的冷冻外泌体在冰上解冻。所有样品在0.2μm过滤的PBS中以1:100和1:10,000之间在1:100和1:10,000之间稀释。对于每次测量,通过使用以下设置扫描11个池位置来执行两个循环:焦点:自动对焦;所有样品的相机灵敏度:78.0;快门:70;样品池温度:25℃。使用过滤水在样品之间清洁仪器。的结果用于计算用于体内研究的外泌体数量。
用于分析外泌体中SR的蛋白质印迹
为了分析外泌体蛋白的表达,将等浓度的外泌体与样品缓冲液混合并煮沸5分钟。使用了以下蛋白质的抗体:mCherry(ab125096;Abcam,Cambridge,United Kingdom)、GFP(CST2555;Cell Signaling Technology,Danvers,MA)、TSG101(ab228013;Abcam)、CD63(sc-15363;Santa Cruz Biotechnology)、GAPDH(sc-47724;Santa Cruz)和GM130(ab52649;Abcam)。使用重组srIκBα肽DRHDAGLDAMKDE(SEQ ID NO:9)和亲和色谱(AbClon,Seoul,South Korea)产生兔多克隆抗srIκBα抗体。
实施例1-2.动物护理
所有动物程序均由德克萨斯大学加尔维斯顿医学分部(University of TexasMedical Branch,Galveston)的机构动物护理和使用委员会(Institutional Animal Careand Use Committee,IACUC)批准。将小鼠饲养在温度和湿度受控的设施中,光照和黑暗周期为12:12小时。随意提供常规食物和饮用溶液。对于提前分娩研究,使用了定时怀孕的CD-1小鼠(stock 022,Charles River,Houston,TX)。对于免疫细胞运输研究,转基因C57BL/6J小鼠与质膜靶向的双色荧光Cre报告等位基因一起使用,其中串联二聚体Tomato(mT)荧光在所有细胞和组织的细胞膜中表达(stock 007676,Jackson Laboratory,Bar Harbor,ME)。与其他红色荧光蛋白相比,在所有细胞和组织中都表达的红色荧光蛋白mT具提高的亮度和光稳定性。在我们的设施中进行了饲养,其中8-12周大的野生型(WT)C57BL/6J雌性(stock 000664,Jackson Laboratory)与mT纯合的雄性交配。每天8:00am和9:00am之间检查雌性小鼠阴道栓的存在,表明妊娠日(E)0.5。栓阳性的雌性与雄性分开饲养。监测它们的体重,到E10.5时增加至少1.75g证实怀孕。在组织收集之前,根据IACUC和美国兽医医学协会指南,通过吸入CO2处死动物。
实施例1-3.脂多糖(LPS)处理和SR外泌体注射
在E15(小鼠胚胎第15天),相当于小鼠完成~75%的妊娠或人类~28周的妊娠,对怀孕的小鼠腹膜内(ip)注射以下中的一种:PBS或脂多糖(LPS,血清学055:B5,Sigma-Aldrich,St.Louis,MO[对于CD-1小鼠为100μg并且对于WT小鼠为2.5μg])。注射后30分钟,向动物IP注射PBS、天然外泌体或SR外泌体(天然和SR为100μL中1×1010个外泌体)。PBS/天然/SR外泌体注射每2小时重复,共注射5次。
使用无线相机(中国深圳)监测动物的早产,这被定义为在E18.5或之前生产至少一只幼崽。在LPS诱导的提前分娩时(注射后12小时)对CD-1小鼠的子集实施安乐死,并收集血浆用于细胞因子分析。在LPS注射后24小时(E16(小鼠胚胎第16天),小鼠完成约80%的妊娠或人类中约30的妊娠)对WT小鼠的子集实施安乐死,以确定胎儿和母体组织中胎儿和母体免疫细胞谱的变化。
实施例1-4.Luminex测定法确定母体血浆中的细胞因子浓度
使用Mouse Cytokine Panel 1(Millipore)根据制造商的方案,测定E15(小鼠胚胎第15天,LPS分娩时)从小鼠收集的血浆中的IL-10、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α和IL-1β(每组n=3)。使用制造商提供的已知量重组蛋白的重复样品绘制标准曲线。通过使用线性回归分析将样品的吸光度与标准曲线相关联来确定样品浓度。
实施例1-5.母体和胎儿组织中mT与巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞的免疫荧光染色和共定位
对于巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞与mT的共定位,将新鲜组织样品用冷PBS洗涤,然后收集并包埋在最佳切割温度(OCT)化合物中,并在-80℃下储存直至使用。将OCT包埋的组织切成10-μm切片,然后在55℃下孵育15分钟,然后在室温下用4%多聚甲醛固定15分钟。载玻片在具有0.1%Tween 20的1×Tris缓冲盐(TBST)中洗涤两次,然后将切片与封闭缓冲液(TBST中的3%牛血清白蛋白(BSA))在室温下在湿度室中孵育1小时。去除封闭缓冲液,巨噬细胞用Alexa Fluor 488缀合的抗F4/80(50-167-58,Thermo Fisher,Hampton,NH)标记,而中性粒细胞用FITC缀合的抗Ly6G(551460,BD Biosciences,La Jolla,CA)标记并且胎儿细胞用与生物素(ab34771,Abcam)缀合的抗红色荧光蛋白(RFP)标记(均在封闭缓冲液中1:100稀释)。在室温下在湿度室中孵育1小时后,将切片在TBST中洗涤3次,然后与藻红蛋白缀合的链霉亲和素(554061,BD Biosciences)在室温下孵育1小时。洗涤后,切片用DAPI在室温下孵育2分钟进行核染色,然后在TBST中洗涤两次,并且在水中洗涤一次。载玻片在室温下风干10分钟,然后使用4-88封固剂封固。使用KEYENCE BZ-X800显微镜(Keyence,Osaka,Osaka Prefecture,Japan)捕获图像。为了产生3D重建,使用具有(Oberkochen,Germany)的共聚焦显微镜ZEISS LSM 880捕获图像。使用FIJI(开源)将亮度、对比度和平滑应用于整个图像。为了确定嗜中性粒细胞与总细胞的比率,使用了每种处理(PBS、LPS、LPS+SR)总共五个图像和每个图像五个感兴趣区域。中性粒细胞数除以总细胞数用于确定中性粒细胞与总细胞的比率。
实施例1-6.从小鼠胎儿和母体组织中分离免疫细胞
WT雌性在注射后24小时(E16,小鼠胚胎第16天)后安乐死,收集母体(肝脏、肺、脾脏、子宫或特别是子宫肌层、宫颈、蜕膜或特别是基底蜕膜)和胎儿(胎盘、胎膜)组织,清理以去除多余的脂肪,然后用冷PBS洗涤一次。如前所述从组织中分离免疫细胞,但进行了修改。使用精细剪刀将组织切成小块,并在37℃下轻轻摇动下用(Corning,Corning,NY)酶促消化35分钟。孵育后,立即将管置于冰上,然后通过70μm细胞过滤器过滤。组织用10.0mL的1×PBS洗涤两次,然后在4℃下以1250×g离心10分钟。将细胞沉淀重悬在2.0mL RBC裂解缓冲液中,在室温下孵育10分钟,然后在室温下以1250×g离心10分钟。将细胞沉淀重悬在1.0mL无血清Dulbecco改良的Eagle培养基/营养混合物F-12培养基(DMEM/F12;Mediatech Inc.)中并轻轻混合。将细胞悬浮液轻轻覆盖在聚苯乙烯塑料管中的500μL纯FBS(Sigma-Aldrich)上,然后在室温下不带制动以1,100×g离心10分钟。小心吸出上清液,将沉淀重新悬浮在1.0mL补充有10%FBS的DMEM/F12中。
实施例1-7.胎儿和母体免疫细胞的免疫表型分析
中性粒细胞和自然杀伤(NK)细胞。为了确定中性粒细胞和自然杀伤(NK)细胞向胎儿和母体组织的运输,将具有10%FBS的DMEM/F12中的细胞在4℃下以1250×g离心10分钟。细胞沉淀与CD16/CD32抗体(101302,Biolegend,San Diego,CA)一起孵育10分钟,然后与zombie生存力染料(BioLegend,San Diego,CA)和特异性荧光团缀合的抗小鼠抗体(表1)一起孵育在4℃黑暗中孵育30分钟。将细胞以600×g离心10分钟,然后立即在流式细胞仪(Beckman Coulter,Brea,CA)上运行。
M1和M2巨噬细胞。为了确定巨噬细胞表型和向胎儿和母体组织的运输,在具有10%FBS的DMEM/F12中在(BD Bioscience)的存在下,将细胞用佛波醇12-肉豆蔻酸酯13-乙酸酯(PMA,50ng/mL)和离子霉素(750ng/mL)刺激,并且在37℃下5%CO2中孵育3小时。孵育后,收集细胞并以2000×g离心10分钟,然后如上所述与抗CD16/CD32和抗F4/80一起孵育。离心后,将细胞固定并透化,然后在室温下用细胞内抗体(表1)染色45分钟。将细胞离心,然后立即在流式细胞仪(Beckman Coulter)上运行。
表1.用于免疫表型分析的抗体
用于细胞免疫表型分析的门控策略。使用前向散射(细胞尺寸)和侧向散射(细胞粒度)参数鉴定总白细胞。在对活细胞进行门控后,通过mT表达鉴定胎儿细胞和无mT的母体细胞。然后,通过Ly6G表达鉴定中性粒细胞和通过NK1.1表达鉴定NK细胞。通过DX5的表达进一步鉴定成熟NK细胞,这表明细胞具有增加的细胞毒性。使用巨噬细胞标志物F4/80鉴定巨噬细胞,并进一步表征为促炎,或具有IL-1β+和TNF-α+表达和抗炎的M1巨噬细胞,或具有IL-10和IL-4表达的M2巨噬细胞。
实施例1-8.统计分析
使用Prism 7(GraphPad,San Diego,CA)进行统计分析。所有数据均显示为n≥3,并显示为平均值±平均值的标准误差(SEM)。使用Prism 7生成生存曲线。对于提前分娩研究,使用Kruskal-Wallis和Benjamini-Hochberg事后检验确定组间的统计学显著性。对于多重数据和提前分娩研究,使用单因素ANOVA和Tukey事后检验确定组间的统计学显著性。对于流式细胞术数据的免疫表型分析,使用双因素ANOVA确定统计学显著性,并使用Tukey校正进行多重分析。P值≤0.05被认为是显著的。
使用G*Power基于组均值、标准差和效应量进行事后功效分析(Luminex分析f=0.974,母体和胎儿体重变化为0.681,早产数据为1.02,流式细胞术数据为1.56)。该分析显示,该研究在0.05显著性水平上对ANOVA检测组间差异具有≥80%的功效。
实施例2.携带超阻遏物IκB蛋白的外泌体(Exo-srIkB)的制备
根据Yim等人的方法,使用一种称为“EXPLOR”(通过光学可逆的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用进行蛋白质负载的外泌体)的技术,将外泌体工程化为包含NF-κB抑制剂,这是IκBα的一种突变形式,即使在促炎刺激的存在下,也不能被IκB激酶磷酸化并抑制NF-κB复合物向细胞核的易位。图1A提供了用于产生负载srIκB(超阻遏物IκB)的外泌体(Exo-srIκB)的DNA构建体的示意性解释(上)和显示融合蛋白及其提出的光依赖性蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用以产生Exo-srIκB的活性的示意性解释(下)。具体地,在没有光照的情况下,将携带CIBN-EGFP-CD9基因的pcDNA31(+)载体和携带超级阻遏物-IκB-mCherry-CRY2基因的pcDNA31(+)载体引入产生外泌体的细胞HEK293T(人胚胎肾)细胞,并培养24小时。用不含胎牛血清(FBS)的培养基洗涤转染的细胞并再生长48小时。然后用波长为488nm的蓝光照射细胞。
携带SR的外泌体(Exo-srIκB)以及天然外泌体(Exo-Naive)(从未转染的HEK293T细胞中分离)使用TEM进行表征(图1B),其中发现了特征性的杯形形态。此外,使用NTA确定外泌体的尺寸和浓度(图1C)。Exo-srIκB和Exo-天然的尺寸在30和150nm之间,支持TEM数据。
实施例3.通过光学可逆蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(v)技术来负载蛋白质的外泌体以使外泌体工程化为包含NF-κB抑制剂蛋白超阻遏蛋白IκB
为了产生携带srIkB的外泌体,用包含SR的构建体稳定转染人胚胎肾(HEK)293T细胞(CRL-3216,ATCC,Manassas,VA,USA)(图1A)。为此,如前所述建立稳定表达CIBN-EGFP-CD9和srIκB-mcherry-CRY2的HEK293T细胞。对于此方法的详细说明,请参阅Choi等人的工作。简而言之,在蓝光照射下,产生包含srIκB的外泌体(Exo-srIκB),然后使用切向流过滤(TFF)和尺寸排阻色谱(SEC)进行分离。HEK293T细胞维持在包含10%胎牛血清(FBS)(Gibco,Gaithersburg,MD,USA)和1%青霉素-链霉素(Gibco)的Dulbecco改良的Eagle培养基(DMEM)(Welgene,Seoul,Korea)中。根据制造商的方案,用lipofectamine转染试剂(Qiagen,Valencia,CA,USA)用pCMV-CIBN-EGFP和pCMV-srIκB-mCherry-CRY2转染HEK293T细胞。测量具有高荧光强度(绿色荧光蛋白GFP和mCherry)的细胞群,然后用细胞分选仪(SH800 Cell Sorter,Sony,Minato,Tokyo,Japan)在96孔板上进行单细胞接种。根据srIκB-mcherry-CRY2的表达水平选择最佳克隆。收获产生SR的细胞以及在标准条件下生长的细胞(天然)的细胞培养上清液,并以1000g离心15分钟以去除细胞和细胞碎片,然后通过0.22μm聚醚砜(PES)过滤器以去除任何较大的颗粒。使用基于截留分子量(MWCO)的膜过滤分离外泌体,然后通过SEC色谱法对其进行纯化。
进行蛋白质印迹以确认SR包装在外泌体中,正如预期的,其在天然外泌体中不存在。进行额外的蛋白质印迹以显示外泌体标志物TSG101和CD63的存在,以及高尔基标志物GM130的缺失(图1D)。HEK293T细胞稳定表达超阻遏物(SR)IκB,而天然细胞则不能。从产生SR的细胞中分离出的外泌体表达SR、mCherry、GFP以及外泌体标志物TSG101和CD63。外泌体对GM130呈阴性。(图1D)。
实施例4.包含SR的外泌体在LPS诱导模型中提高了胎儿的寿命
在确定外泌体携带SR后,在小鼠模型中测试了SR是否可以提高胎儿的寿命。其在良好建立的CD-1小鼠模型中进行了测试,该模型始终在12-14小时内诱导提前分娩,从而导致胎儿提前终止。
具体而言,向妊娠15天的CD-1小鼠(Charles River Laboratories,Huston,TX)腹膜内注射LPS(100μg)或PBS。注射30分钟后,通过腹膜内(IP)、静脉内(IV)、肌肉内(IM)或皮下(SubQ)途径中的任一种向小鼠给药实施例1中制备的SR外泌体(5×1010)或天然外泌体(HEK293T细胞来源外泌体,5×1010),以2小时间隔给药5次。实验组为PBS:PBS注射;LPS:LPS+N IP:LPS+天然外泌体腹膜内注射;LPS+SR IP:LPS+SR外泌体腹膜内注射;LPS+SR IV:LPS+SR外泌体静脉内注射;LPS+SR IM:LPS+SR外泌体腹膜内注射;LPS+SR IV:LPS+SR外泌体静脉内注射;LPS+SR IM:LPS+SR外泌体肌肉内注射以及;LPS+SR SubQ:或LPS+SR外泌体皮下注射。
注射PBS的小鼠维持胎儿的完整寿命(n=4,LPS后112.5小时,图2A和2B,表2),而所有LPS小鼠均提前终止胎儿的寿命(n=7,LPS注射后11.5±0.929小时,与PBS相比,P<0.0001)。
表2.Cd-1小鼠的胎儿寿命提高
组编号 | 处理<sup>a</sup> | N | 胎儿提前终止的抑制(%) | 胎儿平均寿命(周) |
1 | PBS | 4 | NA | NA |
2 | LPS | 5 | 0 | 11.5±0.929 |
3 | LPS+天然 | 9 | 0 | 12.9±1.06 |
4 | LPS+SR | 15 | 27 | 36±10.2 |
aPBS:对照;LPS:仅LPS;LPS+天然:LPS和不具有srIκB的天然外泌体;LPS+SR:LPS和Exo-srIκB.NA:不适用
天然外泌体(不具有srIκB的外泌体)用作这些实验的对照。与LPS一样,所有注射LPS+天然外泌体的小鼠早产提前终止胎儿(n=11,LPS注射后12.9±1.06小时,与PBS相比P<0.0001,与LPS+SR相比P=0.066)。
另一方面,与对照组相比,在LPS注射后注射Exo-srIκB提高了胎儿的寿命(n=16,LPS注射后36±10.2小时,与PBS相比P=0.0005,与LPS相比P=0.072)并导致约27%的LPS+SR注射小鼠的足月生产。功效研究使用CD-1小鼠进行,并且所有机制研究均使用其中C57BL/6J雌性与mT纯合雄性交配的模型进行,因为该模型携带检查胎儿特异性细胞运输的基因构建体。结果表明Exo-srIkB可以提高胎儿的寿命和生存力。不同给药途径之间功效显示很小差异。
LPS注射后24小时,对小鼠实施安乐死,并收集组织。与PBS(0.12±0.469g,P=0.0009)相比,LPS降低了母体体重(–2.9±0.619g,图2C,左)。与单独LPS相比,LPS+SR处理(–1.25±0.098g)将母体体重增加至显著水平(P=0.078)。与注射LPS的小鼠相比,SR注射也改善了平均幼崽体重和生存力(基于胎儿形态和体重)(图2C,右和图2D)。
实施例5.母体组织中包含超阻遏蛋白-IκB的外泌体对炎性细胞因子表达和NF-κB激活的影响
将来自实施例2的每个实验组的分娩至少一只幼崽(PBS;LPS;LPS+天然:LPS+天然外泌体IP;以及LPS+SR:LPS+SR外泌体IP)的小鼠安乐死,并且收集母体血浆、子宫和宫颈组织。然后,根据制造商的手册,使用Luminex Multiple Assay(R&D System)测量促炎细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8以及抗炎细胞因子IL-10的水平,并通过分析了RelA磷酸化(p-NF-κB)。
如图3A-3D所示,与LPS组相比,LPS+SR外泌体IP组中母体血浆中促炎细胞因子IL-1β、IL-6和IL-8的水平较低。相反,抗炎细胞因子IL-10的水平显著高于LPS组(P=0.01)和PBS对照组(P<0.0001)的小鼠。
此外,还评估了SR外泌体对母体宫颈和子宫中P-NF-κB表达的影响。与LPS组相比,LPS+SR外泌体IP组中的P-NF-κB水平要低得多(P=0.005,P=0.03)(图3E和3F)。
实施例6.由携带超阻遏物-IκB的外泌体导致的胎儿炎症细胞的炎症谱的变化
为了确定SR外泌体是否可以延迟提前分娩,分析了胎儿炎症细胞向母体子宫的迁移以及胎儿炎症细胞炎症谱的变化。
使在所有细胞和组织中表达红色荧光蛋白的tdTomato纯合雄性C57BL/6J小鼠(Jackson Laboratory)与野生型雌性C57BL/6J小鼠(Jackson Laboratory)杂交,以使tdTomato在所有胎儿组织中表达。然后,使用共聚焦显微镜,确认在妊娠15天的雌性小鼠的胎膜中发现了胎儿炎症细胞(图4)。切除子宫组织和胎膜,分离荧光母体细胞和红色荧光胎儿细胞,以通过流式细胞仪分析促炎性IL-1β和TNF-α以及抗炎性IL-10,如图5的示意图所示。此外,使用巨噬细胞标志物F4/80分析胎儿巨噬细胞(mT+)。流式细胞术分析证实胎儿炎症细胞迁移到母体子宫。
如实施例2所述,给妊娠15天的雌性小鼠注射LPS或PBS,并且在注射LPS后24小时后,以2小时的间隔腹膜内给药SR外泌体5次。从PBS、LPS和SR(LPS+SR外泌体)小鼠组收集子宫和胎膜组织。按照上述方法,分析评估了子宫和胎膜中促炎M1巨噬细胞和抗炎M2巨噬细胞的比率以及胎儿促炎细胞和抗炎细胞的比率(图6A-6D)。
如图6A-6D所示,通过给药SR外泌体,子宫中胎儿巨噬细胞的M1:M2比率降低,并且子宫中胎儿促炎细胞:抗炎细胞的比率也显著降低。此外,证实了通过SR外泌体处理,降低了胎膜中的胎儿巨噬细胞M1:M2比率和促炎细胞:抗炎细胞比率,与母体子宫相似。
实施例7.SR外泌体处理降低了中性粒细胞浸润和组织学绒毛膜羊膜炎(HCA)
组织学绒毛膜羊膜炎(HCA)定义为存在胎膜的多形核白细胞浸润,并且这些细胞被认为主要是母体来源。HCA是炎症的指标,并且其可以确定妊娠结局以及指示新生儿发病率。使用荧光显微镜,通过小鼠淋巴细胞抗原6复合基因座G6D(Ly6G)的表达,对注射了PBS(图7A)、LPS(图7B)和LPS+SR(图7C)的小鼠的表达mT的胎膜进行中性粒细胞染色。与PBS(0.119±0.045,P=0.008)或LPS+SR(0.100±0.032,P=0.001)相比,注射LPS的动物(0.282±0.043)具有增加的Ly6G+细胞与胎膜中总细胞的比率(图7D)。
实施例8.SR降低LPS攻击后胎儿组织中胎儿中性粒细胞浸润的增加
为了确定免疫细胞是胎儿的还是母体的,在对活细胞进行门控后,通过红色荧光鉴定mT+胎儿细胞,而母体细胞为阴性。鉴定胎儿和母体细胞后,鉴定中性粒细胞(Ly6G+细胞)并计数。在胎盘中,与PBS相比,注射LPS的小鼠的总细胞(mT-和mT+,P=0.03)和mT+Ly6G+细胞(LPS,P=0.006)显著增加(图8A)。同样,与PBS相比,LPS+SR显著增加了总细胞(P=0.050)和mT+Ly6G+细胞(P=0.018)。在胎膜中,与PBS相比,注射LPS的小鼠的具有显著更高的总(P=0.0005)和mT+Ly6G+细胞(P<0.0001)。与LPS相比,LPS+SR具有显著更低的总和mT+Ly6G+细胞(所有P<0.0001),表明用SR处理可降低HCA(图8B)。这支持图7A-7C中所示的数据。
实施例9.胎儿和母体组织中对LPS攻击的细胞毒性NK细胞响应主要来源于胎儿,并随着SR处理而降低
为了测试这些浸润的NK细胞来源于胎儿还是母体,测定了作为mT+/NK1.1+(在小鼠中也称为CD161b/CD161)细胞的胎儿NK细胞。此外,我们通过DX5(也称为CD49b或α2整合素,非常晚期抗原2)的存在来确定NK细胞的成熟程度,这表示NK细胞向成熟表型的转变并与细胞毒性增加有关。在子宫和蜕膜中,NK1.1+细胞和NK1.1+/DX5+NK细胞的百分比没有变化。然而,在宫颈,与PBS相比,LPS显著增加了总(P=0.003)、mT+/NK1.1+(P=0.011)和mT+/NK1.1+/DX5+细胞(P=0.014,图8C)的百分比。利用SR处理,与LPS相比,总NK1.1+(P=0.003)、mT+/NK1.1+(P=0.032)、总NK1.1+/DX5+(P=0.001)和mT+/NK1.1+/DX5+(P=0.045)细胞显著减少(图8C)。在胎盘中,与注射LPS的小鼠相比,PBS小鼠中总NK1.1+细胞显著增加(P=0.002),并且SR处理后总NK1.1+细胞显著减少(P=0.065,图8D)。与PBS相比,注射LPS的小鼠胎盘中的总NK1.1+/DX5+细胞和mT+/NK1.1+/DX5+细胞增加(均P<0.0001)。用SR处理减少了总NK1.1+/DX5+(P=0.009)和mT+/NK1.1+/DX5+细胞(P=0.008,图8D);然而,母体NK1.1+/DX5+细胞没有变化。在胎膜中,与PBS相比,LPS注射后总NK1.1+(P=0.0003)和mT+/NK1.1+(P=0.008)细胞以及总NK1.1+/DX5+(P=0.016)和mT+/NK1.1+/DX5+(P=0.017)细胞增加。与LPS相比,用SR处理后总NK1.1+(P<0.0001)和mT+/NK1.1+细胞(P=0.0004)以及总NK1.1+/DX5+(P=0.008)和mT+/NK1.1+/DX5+(P=0.018)细胞显著减少(图8E)。这些结果表明,对LPS攻击的主要NK细胞响应来源于胎儿,而不是母体,并且这在胎儿和母体组织二者中被SR所降低。
实施例10.胎儿巨噬细胞在母体组织中的定位
为了测试我们的胎儿先天免疫细胞以及母体免疫细胞可以运输到胎儿和母体组织二者的假设,我们使用了已建立的区分胎儿和母体细胞的转基因小鼠模型。为了确定胎儿先天免疫细胞向母体隔室的运输,我们收集了子宫、宫颈和蜕膜,并共定位了mT+表达细胞与鼠巨噬细胞标志物F4/80。如图9A-9C所示,使用共聚焦显微术,mT+(红色荧光)和F4/80+(绿色荧光)巨噬细胞共定位在所有测试的母体子宫组织中。
实施例11.在小鼠模型中的早产中观察到的LPS诱导的免疫细胞浸润主要是胎儿反应,并且在SR外泌体处理的胎儿-母体界面处减少。
使用包装到外泌体中的NF-κB抑制药物可以延迟CD-1小鼠模型中的PTB。这种延迟与胎盘、胎膜和子宫颈中胎儿免疫细胞运输的减少有关。
LPS的结果:LPS和PBS之间的比较(图10,左)表明:
·宫颈:注射LPS的小鼠具有增加的总NK1.1+和DX5+NK细胞,以及增加的胎儿NK1.1+细胞。
·子宫:注射LPS的小鼠具有增加的总和母体M1和M2巨噬细胞。
·蜕膜:注射LPS的小鼠具有增加的总中性粒细胞和减少的总M1和M2巨噬细胞,以及减少的母体M2巨噬细胞。
·胎盘:注射LPS的小鼠具有增加的总中性粒细胞、NK细胞和DX5+NK细胞。此外,在注射LPS的小鼠中,胎儿中性粒细胞、NK细胞和DX5+NK细胞也有所增加。
·胎膜:注射LPS的小鼠具有增加的总的和胎儿中性粒细胞,增加的总的和胎儿NK细胞,以及增加的总的和胎儿DX5+NK细胞。
箭头表示细胞数量的增加或减少。*P=0.07。
LPS和LPS+SR(图10,右)之间的比较表明:
·宫颈:LPS+SR具有减少的总的和胎儿NK细胞和DX5+NK细胞。
·子宫:LPS+SR具有减少的总M1和M2巨噬细胞,以及减少的母体M2巨噬细胞。
·蜕膜:在利用SR处理的蜕膜未见变化。
·胎盘:LPS+SR具有减少的总DX5+NK细胞,以及减少的胎儿NK细胞和DX5+NK细胞。
·胎膜:注射LPS+SR的小鼠具有减少的总的和胎儿中性粒细胞,减少的总的和胎儿NK细胞,以及减少的总的和胎儿DX5+NK细胞。
箭头表示细胞数量的增加或减少。**P=0.06。
实验结果表明,胎儿炎症反应引发母体子宫组织将其转变为分娩表型。这种炎症反应可能是对PTB中的风险因素(例如感染)、胎儿组织衰老或能够在胎膜和胎盘中产生NF-κB活化的器官成熟信号的反应。
在小鼠感染模型中,母体给药包含抗炎NF-κB分子的工程外泌体降低了胎儿炎症反应、胎儿先天免疫细胞迁移、组织学绒毛膜羊膜炎并且延迟了感染小鼠模型中的早产。
结果表明,包含抗炎NF-κB分子的外泌体的渗入将改善胎儿的生存力和新生儿的健康。
实施例12.SR外泌体与抗生素或子宫收缩抑制剂在感染引起的炎症中的联合治疗
研究了SR外泌体与抗生素或子宫收缩抑制剂联合治疗感染引起的炎症的协同作用,并且发现感染模型的联合治疗显著降低了大肠杆菌感染引起的炎症,改善了胎儿的生存力,并延迟了活细菌引起的早产。
至少40%的早产与宫内感染有关。目前的提前分娩动物模型通常使用腹膜内注射到妊娠小鼠体内的脂多糖(LPS)来诱导全身炎症,而不是通常与宫内感染相关的局部炎症。使用活细菌(即大肠杆菌)建立了小鼠提前分娩的临床相关模型,并通过阴道给药以模拟上行感染或子宫内注射以模拟与感染引起的提前分娩相关的高度局部的炎症(图11A和11B)。
为了确定SR外泌体与庆大霉素(一种抗生素)或吲哚美辛(一种抗早产剂或子宫收缩抑制剂)在大肠杆菌诱导的早产中的协同作用,向CD-1妊娠小鼠给药最佳剂量的SR外泌体联合庆大霉素或吲哚美辛,并监测存活率和延迟的早产。在注射了PBS、庆大霉素(5-150mg/kg)、吲哚美辛(1-50mg/kg)、Exo-srIkB一次、三次或五次和不同剂量(1E+9~1E+11)的Exo-srIkB+庆大霉素、Exo-srIkB+吲哚美辛的注射大肠杆菌的CD-1妊娠小鼠组中测量小鼠的存活率和幼仔(新生儿)的生存力。
序列表
<110> 伊利亚斯生物制品公司 (ILIAS BIOLOGICS INC.)
伊利亚斯疗法公司 (ILIAS THERAPEUTICS, INC.)
<120> 包含携带NF-kB抑制剂的外泌体的组合物及其使用方法
<130> PPI22171164KR
<150> US 62/955,339
<151> 2019-12-30
<150> US 63/105,207
<151> 2020-10-23
<160> 8
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
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Claims (21)
1.一种用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力,用于治疗母体和/或胎儿中的炎症,用于延迟早产,或用于治疗与母体和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的方法,包括:
向有此需要的受试者给药包括包含核因子κβ(NF-κB)抑制剂和光特异性结合蛋白的细胞外囊泡的组合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述细胞外囊泡是外泌体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述光特异性结合蛋白是第一光特异性结合蛋白或第二光特异性结合蛋白。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述第一光特异性结合蛋白与外泌体特异性标志物缀合以形成第一融合蛋白(融合蛋白I);并且所述第二光特异性结合蛋白与NF-κB抑制蛋白缀合以形成第二融合蛋白(融合蛋白II)。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述融合蛋白I和所述融合蛋白II通过所述第一光特异性结合蛋白和所述第二光特异性结合蛋白可逆地连接。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述第一光特异性结合蛋白与所述外泌体特异性标志物缀合以在朝向所述外泌体内部的方向上定位。
7.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述第一光特异性结合蛋白和所述第二光特异性结合蛋白选自由以下组成的组:隐花色素相互作用的碱性-螺旋-环-螺旋蛋白(CIB)、CIB的N末端结构域(CIBN)、光敏色素B(PhyB)、光敏色素相互作用因子(PIF)、黄素结合Kelch重复F盒1(FKF1)、GIGANTEA、CRY2隐花色素2(CRY2)和光裂合酶同源区(PHR)。
8.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述第一光特异性结合蛋白是CIB或CIBN并且所述第二光特异性结合蛋白是CRY2或PHR,或者所述第一光特异性结合蛋白是CRY2或PHR并且所述第二光特异性结合蛋白是CIB或CIBN。
9.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述第一光特异性结合蛋白是PhyB并且所述第二光特异性结合蛋白是PIF,或者所述第一光特异性结合蛋白是PIF并且所述第二光特异性结合蛋白是PhyB。
10.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述第一光特异性结合蛋白是GIGANTEA并且所述第二光特异性结合蛋白是FKF1,或者所述第一光特异性结合蛋白是FKF1并且所述第二光特异性结合蛋白是GIGANTEA。
11.根据权利要求4所述的外泌体,其中所述外泌体特异性标志物选自由CD9、CD63、CD81和CD82组成的组。
12.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述NF-κB抑制剂选自由以下组成的组:NF-κB抑制药物、NF-κB抑制蛋白或其片段、及其混合物。
13.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述NF-κB抑制蛋白选自由以下组成的组:IκB、超阻遏物-IκB(srIκB)、IκB-α、IκB-β、IκB-ε和B细胞淋巴瘤3(BCL3)、其突变体及其混合物。
14.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述组合物通过口服、经皮、腹膜内、静脉内、肌肉内、皮下、皮内、阴道、子宫内途径或其混合给药。
15.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
在给药权利要求1所述的组合物的同时、之前或之后给药抗生素或子宫收缩抑制剂。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述抗生素选自由以下组成的组:青霉素类、头孢菌素类、大环内酯类、林可酰胺、碳青霉烯类、糖肽类、氨基糖苷类、四环素类、红霉素、硝基咪唑类、β-内酰胺酶抑制剂、其衍生物及其混合物;并且所述子宫收缩抑制剂选自由以下组成的组:黄体酮、硝苯地平、阿托西班、利托君、吲哚美辛、硫酸镁、奥西那林、特布他林、沙丁胺醇、非诺特罗、苄丙酚胺、异克舒令、海索那林及其混合物。
17.一种用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力;治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症、延迟早产;或治疗与妊娠期间子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的药物组合物,包括:
包含核因子κβ(NF-κB)抑制剂和光特异性结合蛋白的细胞外囊泡。
18.包含核因子κβ(NF-κB)抑制剂和光特异性结合蛋白的细胞外囊泡用于制备用于提高胎儿寿命、胎儿生存力或新生儿生存力;治疗子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症、延迟早产;或治疗与妊娠期间子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症的药物组合物的用途。
19.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述与妊娠期间子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症选自由以下组成的组:产前炎症反应、提前分娩、早产、羊膜早破、低出生体重、子宫腺肌病、胎儿炎症反应综合征(FIRS)、子宫肌瘤、宫内炎症、绒毛膜羊膜炎、羊膜炎、羊水感染、胎盘感染和羊膜内感染(羊膜内的感染),及其混合。
20.根据权利要求17所述的药物组合物,其中所述与妊娠期间子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症选自由以下组成的组:产前炎症反应、提前分娩、早产、羊膜早破、低出生体重、子宫腺肌病、胎儿炎症反应综合征(FIRS)、子宫肌瘤,及其混合。
21.根据权利要求18所述的用途,其中所述与妊娠期间子宫和/或胎儿中的炎症相关的病症选自由以下组成的组:产前炎症反应、提前分娩、早产、羊膜早破、低出生体重、子宫腺肌病、胎儿炎症反应综合征(FIRS)、子宫肌瘤,及其混合。
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