CN114588122A - 一种挥发物固态制剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种挥发物固态制剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种挥发物固态制剂及其制备方法,属于医疗保健技术领域。本发明提供的挥发物固态制剂,包括赋形剂和中药挥发油;所述赋形剂包括聚乙二醇、单硬质酸甘油酯和泊洛沙姆中的一种或几种。本发明提供的挥发物固态制剂中含有苍术、白芷、羌活、川芎、薄荷和藿香中的一种或几种成分,能够提高机体免疫力以及用于制备预防和治疗预防呼吸道传染病的药物。本发明提供的挥发物固态制剂为固体形态,施用简单方便具有稳定性好、作用时间长、患者顺应性好、生物利用度高、速效和靶向性强的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗保健技术领域,具体涉及一种挥发物固态制剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
芳香疗法是一种古老的方法,是将气味芳香的药物制成适当的剂型,作用于全身或局部以防治疾病。挥发性成分中起药用作用的大部分为中药挥发油,是一类具有特殊香气的植物挥发油,也称精油,是存在于植物中的一类具有挥发性、可随水蒸气蒸馏、与水不相混溶的油状液体,具有健身祛病、调理情绪、协调人体生理功能、激发人体自身潜能的作用;还具有可抑制或杀灭细菌病毒、强化中枢神经系统、促进新陈代谢、增强各器官的功能和人体免疫力的功能。
传统中医理论一直认为香药同源。中医除四气五味之外,另有芳香药性。挥发油作为芳香中药的特色表现形式,具有较强的功效,如解表、化湿、行气、开窍等。芳香中药作为古人防病治病的重要武器,其挥发油发挥着不可替代的作用。孙思邈的《备急千金要方》中提及用芳香药物预防外感温热病。《本草纲目》载有“烧兜木香末……涂宫门,香闻百里,关中大疫,死者相枕,闻此香,疫皆止,死者毕起”,其中记载“香木”类35种,“芳草”类56种,还介绍了涂法、擦法、敷法、扑法、吹法、含漱法、浴法等芳香疗法的给药方式。清代吴师机拓宽了芳香疗法的给药途径,如敷、熨、涂、熏、浸、擦、搐、嚏、吹、吸、坐等外治法。几千年来,中医利用天然芳香植物的芳香成分,通过按摩、沐浴、外涂、闻香等多种途径,对人体产生祛病和保健作用。
其中,所述“闻”的给药途径指药是经鼻黏膜吸收而发挥局部或全身治疗作用,但是现有技术中通过上述途径的方式主要是喷鼻(液体)、滴鼻(液体)和鼻粉剂(固体),其中,液体制剂易流失,作用时间短;鼻粉剂顺应性差,生物利用度低。
发明内容
鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种挥发物固态制剂及其制备方法和应用。本发明提供的挥发物固态制剂稳定性好、作用时间长、患者顺应性好且生物利用度高。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种挥发物固态制剂,包括赋形剂和中药挥发油;
所述赋形剂包括聚乙二醇、单硬质酸甘油酯和泊洛沙姆中的一种或几种。
优选的,所述中药挥发油包括苍术挥发油、白芷挥发油、羌活挥发油、川芎挥发油、薄荷挥发油和藿香挥发油中的一种或几种。
优选的,所述中药挥发油的制备原料包括生苍术、白芷、羌活、川芎、薄荷和藿香中的一种或几种。
优选的,当所述中药挥发油的制备原料包括生苍术、白芷、羌活、川芎、薄荷和藿香时,所述生苍术、白芷、羌活、川芎、薄荷和藿香的质量比为(60~120):(60~120):(60~120):(60~120):(60~120):(60~120)。
优选的,所述中药挥发油的体积占所述挥发物固态制剂体积≥20%。
优选的,还包括防腐剂和/或抗氧化剂。
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述挥发物固态制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将赋形剂加热熔融后与中药挥发油混合,进行固化,得到所述挥发物固态制剂。
优选的,所述固化在避光条件下进行;
所述固化的温度为15~25℃;所述固化的时间为20~30min。
优选的,当所述挥发物固态制剂还包括防腐剂和/或抗氧化剂时,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
将赋形剂、防腐剂和/或抗氧化剂加热熔融后与中药挥发油混合,进行固化,得到所述挥发物固态制剂。
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述的挥发物固态制剂或上述技术方案所述的制备方法制备得到的挥发物固态制剂作为鼻腔给药药物的应用。
本发明提供了一种挥发物固态制剂,包括赋形剂和中药挥发油;本发明提供的挥发物固态制剂中含有中药挥发油,能够提高机体免疫力以及预防和治疗如流行性感冒、病毒感染,冠状病毒感染等预防呼吸道传染病。本发明提供的挥发物固态制剂为固体圆柱状形态,施用简单方便,克服了液体制剂易流失、作用时间短的缺陷以及粉末制剂顺应性差、生物利用度低的的缺陷。
本发明提供的挥发物固态制剂经鼻腔给药,可避免药物对胃肠道的剌激作用和肝-胃肠道对药物首次通过的代谢作用,鼻腔黏膜对药物的代谢非常微弱,鼻腔黏膜表面积约为150cm2,在呼吸区内黏膜表层上皮细胞有许多微绒毛,进一步增加了对挥发物固态制剂吸收的有效表面积,可提高挥发物固态制剂的生物利用度;鼻上皮细胞下有许多大而多孔的毛细血管和丰富的淋巴网,为挥发物固态制剂向血液和组织渗透起着良好的作用,可以迅速进入体循环、脑循环或直达气道、肺静脉等处吸收,能够实现速效;经鼻腔吸入给药直接将中药挥发油递送至鼻粘膜和肺粘膜,作用于靶器官,药物浓集于病灶部位,从而祛除外邪,卫阳宣畅,宣通鼻窍,靶向性强。
本发明提供的制备方法,操作简单,适宜工业化生产。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种挥发物固态制剂,包括赋形剂和中药挥发油;所述赋形剂包括聚乙二醇、单硬质酸甘油酯和泊洛沙姆中的一种或几种。
在本发明中,若无特殊说明,所有的制备原料均为本领域技术人员熟知的市售商品。
在本发明中,所述中药挥发油优选包括苍术挥发油、白芷挥发油、羌活挥发油、川芎挥发油、薄荷挥发油和藿香挥发油中的一种或几种。在本发明中,所述中药挥发油的制备原料优选包括生苍术、白芷、羌活、川芎、薄荷和藿香中的一种或几种。所述中药挥发油优选通过上述制备原料通过常规提取制备得到。当所述中药挥发油的制备原料包括生苍术、白芷、羌活、川芎、薄荷和藿香时,所述生苍术、白芷、羌活、川芎、薄荷和藿香的质量比优选为(60~120):(60~120):(60~120):(60~120):(60~120):(60~120),更优选为90:90:90:90:60:60。
在本发明中,所述中药挥发油的体积优选占所述挥发物固态制剂体积的20%以上,更优选为25~50%,最优选为30~40%。
在本发明中,所述赋形剂包括聚乙二醇、单硬质酸甘油酯和泊洛沙姆中的一种或几种;在本发明中,当所述赋形剂为两种以上的混合物时,本发明对于不同赋形剂的用量比没有特殊限定,任意比例均可。在本发明中,所述聚乙二醇的重均分子量优选为400~8000,更优选为4000~8000,最优选为4000(PEG4000)、6000(PEG6000)或8000(PEG8000)。
在本发明中,所述挥发物固态制剂还优选包括防腐剂和/或抗氧化剂;所述防腐剂优选包括山梨酸、羟苯乙酯、苯甲醇、苯扎溴铵和苯扎氯铵中的一种或几种;当所述防腐剂为上述具体选择中的两种以上时,本发明对上述具体物质的配比没有任何特殊的限定,按任意配比进行混合即可。所述抗氧化剂优选包括亚硫酸氢钠、丁基羟基茴香醚、焦亚硫酸钠、抗坏血酸、二丁基甲苯酚和依地酸二钠中的一种或几种;当所述抗氧化剂为上述具体选择中的两种以上时,本发明对上述具体物质的配比没有任何特殊的限定,按任意配比进行混合即可。当所述挥发物固态制剂包括防腐剂时,所述防腐剂在所述挥发物固态制剂中的体积百分数优选为0.1~2%,更优选为1%;当所述挥发物固态制剂包括抗氧化剂时,所述抗氧化剂在所述挥发物固态制剂中的体积百分数优选为0.01~0.05%,更优选为0.02%。
本发明提供了上述技术方案所述挥发物固态制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将赋形剂加热熔融后与中药挥发油混合,进行固化,得到所述挥发物固态制剂。
在本发明中,所述赋形剂和中药挥发油的组成优选与上述技术方案中赋形剂和中药挥发油的组成相同,在此不再一一赘述。
在本发明中,所述混合优选为搅拌混合。本发明对于所述搅拌混合的速度和时间没有特殊限定,能够将原料混合均匀即可。
在本发明中,所述固化的温度优选为15~25℃,更优选为18~22℃,最优选为20℃;所述固化的时间优选为20~30min,更优选为22~28min,最优选为25min。本发明在避光条件下进行固化,能够避免中药挥发油在光照条件下发生氧化变质。
当所述挥发物固态制剂还包括防腐剂和/或抗氧化剂时,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
将赋形剂、防腐剂和/或抗氧化剂加热熔融后与中药挥发油混合,进行固化,得到所述挥发物固态制剂。
本发明还提供了上述技术方案所述的挥发物固态制剂或上述技术方案所述的制备方法制备得到的挥发物固态制剂作为鼻腔给药药物的应用。
下面将结合本发明中的实施例,对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
注:实施例1~8中所述的“体积比”可以理解为只要分别按照实施例1~8的配比进行制备均能够制备具有与各自实施例相同性能的挥发物固态制剂,而不受用用量级别的影响,即在同一个实施例中,在保持用量级别一致的情况下,原料的用量单位可以是实验室级别,也可以是工业级别。
实施例1
将PEG4000加热熔融后,按照体积比为45:55,将苍术挥发油和熔融后的PEG4000混合,在避光、15℃条件下固化20min,得到挥发物固态制剂。
实施例2
将PEG6000加热熔融后,按照体积比为40:60,将白芷挥发油和熔融后的PEG6000混合,在避光、20℃条件下固化25min,得到挥发物固态制剂。
实施例3
将PEG8000加热熔融后,按照体积比为36:65,将羌活挥发油和熔融后的PEG8000混合,在避光、25℃条件下固化30min,得到挥发物固态制剂。
实施例4
将PEG4000加热熔融后,按照体积比为30:70,将川芎挥发油和熔融后的PEG400混合,在避光、18℃条件下固化28min,得到挥发物固态制剂。
实施例5
将单硬质酸甘油酯加热熔融后,按照体积比为25:75,将薄荷挥发油和熔融后的单硬质酸甘油酯混合,在避光、22℃条件下固化24min,得到挥发物固态制剂。
实施例6
将泊洛沙姆加热熔融后,按照体积比为32:68,将藿香挥发油和熔融后的泊洛沙姆混合,在避光、24℃条件下固化26min,得到挥发物固态制剂。
实施例7
将泊洛沙姆加热熔融后,按照体积比为40:60,将苍术挥发油和熔融后的泊洛沙姆搅拌混合,在避光、21℃条件下固化29min,得到挥发物固态制剂。
实施例8
按照质量比为3:3:3:3:2:2,将生苍术、白芷、羌活、川芎、薄荷和藿香混合后,提取得到中药挥发油;
将PEG8000加热熔融后,按照体积比为30:70,将中药挥发油和熔融后的PEG8000混合,在避光、20℃条件下固化20min,得到挥发物固态制剂。
实施例9
按照质量比为3:3:3:3:2:2,将生苍术、白芷、羌活、川芎、薄荷和藿香混合后,提取得到中药挥发油;
将PEG8000、山梨醇(在所述挥发物固态制剂中的体积百分数为1%)和丁基羟基茴香醚(在所述挥发物固态制剂中的体积百分数为0.02%)加热熔融后,按照中药挥发油与PEG8000的体积比为30:70,将中药挥发油和熔融后的PEG8000混合,在避光、20℃条件下固化20min,得到挥发物固态制剂。
测试例
将实施例1~9制备得到的挥发物固态制剂在包装盒密封和避光条件下,4℃下放置1个月,实施例1~9制备得到的挥发物固态制剂均稳定存在。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种挥发物固态制剂,其特征在于,包括赋形剂和中药挥发油;
所述赋形剂包括聚乙二醇、单硬质酸甘油酯和泊洛沙姆中的一种或几种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的挥发物固态制剂,其特征在于,所述中药挥发油包括苍术挥发油、白芷挥发油、羌活挥发油、川芎挥发油、薄荷挥发油和藿香挥发油中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的挥发物固态制剂,其特征在于,所述中药挥发油的制备原料包括生苍术、白芷、羌活、川芎、薄荷和藿香中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的挥发物固态制剂,其特征在于,当所述中药挥发油的制备原料包括生苍术、白芷、羌活、川芎、薄荷和藿香时,所述生苍术、白芷、羌活、川芎、薄荷和藿香的质量比为(60~120):(60~120):(60~120):(60~120):(60~120):(60~120)。
5.根据权利要求1~4任一项所述的挥发物固态制剂,其特征在于,所述中药挥发油的体积占所述挥发物固态制剂体积≥20%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的挥发物固态制剂,其特征在于,还包括防腐剂和/或抗氧化剂。
7.权利要求1~6任一项所述挥发物固态制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
将赋形剂加热熔融后与中药挥发油混合,进行固化,得到所述挥发物固态制剂。
8.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述固化在避光条件下进行;
所述固化的温度为15~25℃;所述固化的时间为20~30min。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,当所述挥发物固态制剂还包括防腐剂和/或抗氧化剂时,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
将赋形剂、防腐剂和/或抗氧化剂加热熔融后与中药挥发油混合,进行固化,得到所述挥发物固态制剂。
10.权利要求1~6任一项所述的挥发物固态制剂或权利要求7~9任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的挥发物固态制剂作为鼻腔给药药物的应用。
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JPH0748278A (ja) * | 1992-06-10 | 1995-02-21 | Taiho Yakuhin Kogyo Kk | 鼻腔用粉末製剤 |
US6630169B1 (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2003-10-07 | Nektar Therapeutics | Particulate delivery systems and methods of use |
CN101152198A (zh) * | 2006-09-29 | 2008-04-02 | 昆明制药集团股份有限公司 | 一种治疗糖尿病的鼻腔给药制剂 |
US20170027963A1 (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2017-02-02 | Patrick Crowley | Delivery of non-steroidal agents to the brain via the nasal tract to treat neurological disorders |
CN105520980A (zh) * | 2014-09-29 | 2016-04-27 | 蚌埠丰原涂山制药有限公司 | 含有细辛挥发油的固体分散体及其药物制剂 |
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