CN114452768A - CO based on wet-process regenerated adsorption material2Direct air capture system and method - Google Patents
CO based on wet-process regenerated adsorption material2Direct air capture system and method Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
- B01D2259/40083—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Drying Of Gases (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides CO based on a wet-process regenerated adsorbing material2A direct air capture system, comprising: several groups of parallel trapping devices with air inlet at the top, liquid inlet at the upper part and communicated with spray device in the device, and CO below the spray device2The bottom of the adsorbing material is provided with a material outlet which is respectively connected with CO2The adsorption material drying gas phase branch, the mixed gas branch and the liquid phase branch are connected; the dehumidification device, the fan and the heat source are respectively connected with the air inlets of the plurality of groups of trapping devices which are connected in parallel; a vacuum pump, a gas-liquid separator, a compressor, and CO connected with the mixed gas branch of the trapping devices in parallel2A storage tank; a liquid storage tank, a water pump and a water tank which are respectively connected with the liquid phase branches of the trapping devices which are connected in parallel. The system can realize the following beneficial effects: the regeneration energy consumption and the cost of the adsorbing material are reduced; the space utilization rate is improved; realizing continuous CO capture and storage2(ii) a Output CO with high concentration2(ii) a Is not to CO2The gas produces pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of DAC (digital-to-analog converter), in particular to CO (carbon monoxide) based on wet regeneration adsorption material2Direct air capture systems and methods.
Background
The main carbon capture technologies at present are classified into pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture and oxygen-enriched combustion capture, which are all used for dealing with CO emission from industrial concentrated sources2The concentrated capture technique of (1). In fact, there is about 30-50% CO worldwide per year2From distributed sources of emissions, CO, from the transportation industry, thermal energy of residential buildings, small factories, etc2The direct air capture technology can be used as effective compensation of the centralized capture technology, but the technology is lack of the technology which can realize low-energy-consumption continuous capture of CO in air2The system of (1).
DAC (Direct air capture; Direct CO capture from air directly)2Technology) capture of CO without the need to capture the CO, unlike the traditional power plant centralized capture technology2The product can be transported to a sealing and storing place, can be directly captured and sealed and stored or utilized on site in a suitable geological/ocean sealing and storing area, and does not need CO2A delivery system; the captured CO is recycled by forming a global ecological carbon circulation closed loop2The fuel is produced by combining with renewable energy sources, so that the possibility is provided for realizing the sustainable development of the earth energy sources; when the energy-saving emission-reduction technology and new energy are used and the target can not be reached, the DAC technology is the only carbon reduction means; a large capture of carbon dioxide in the air can result in a global net negative emission, thereby reducing excess carbon dioxide in atmospheric, marine and terrestrial biomass.
The DAC process is generally composed of an air capture module, an absorbent or adsorbent regeneration module, CO2The storage module is composed of three parts. Most of the air trapping modules firstly use equipment such as an induced draft fan and the like to trap CO in the air2Collecting, and absorbing CO with solid or liquid absorbing material2(ii) a The absorbent or absorbent regeneration module mainly regenerates the material by methods such as high-temperature desorption and the like; CO 22The storage module collects CO mainly by a compressor2Sending the mixture into a storage tank for storage.
The DAC process flows which are put into operation at present mainly comprise the following 3 types:
the main process flow of Carbon Engineering company is as follows: firstly, low-concentration CO in the atmosphere is treated by an air contactor2Capturing and absorbing CO by KOH solution2Conversion to K2CO3A solution; ② K2CO3The solution enters a particle reactor and Ca (OH)2Formation of CaCO after solution reaction3Solids and KOH solutions; ③ CaCO3The solid enters a calcining furnace to be decomposed into high-concentration CO2And CaO solids, high concentration CO2The raw materials are changed into chemical raw materials through a compressor and are collected and stored; CaO solid reacts with H in quick lime slaker2Reaction of O to Ca (OH)2Solution, providing raw materials for the step two.
The DAC process flow of Climeworks company is as follows: (ii) CO in air2Is absorbed into a filter (made of amine modified porous material), CO2Is bonded to the filter by a chemical bond; ② CO on the filter2Saturation adsorption, heating the filter to 100 deg.C, breaking chemical bonds, and CO2Is released from the filter and acts as concentrated CO2The gas is collected.
Global Thermostat uses an air flow device to adsorb air on the surface of contactors, each contactor is a rectangular tower device, and an amine adsorbent embedded in the contactor is attached to a porous and honeycomb ceramic block to adsorb CO2(ii) a After adsorption, low-temperature steam (85-100 ℃) is used for treating CO2And (5) carrying out desorption and collection.
The advantages and disadvantages of these 3 processes are summarized below:
in addition to the above-mentioned DAC trapping process of 3 commercial companies, the prior art also discloses the following technical solutions:
(1) patent CN105032113A discloses a process for capturing carbon dioxide in flue gas based on wet regeneration technology, which comprises pretreatment, adsorption treatment, flushing displacement treatment, water spraying desorption treatment and product gas purging treatmentPurging replacement gas and drying regeneration; the method adopts a functional ion exchange resin membrane material, and is integrated with a thermodynamic system of a power plant organically, and the high-purity carbon dioxide is separated by three main steps in a circulating mode through high-efficiency and low-cost adsorption. However, the object of capture in this solution is flue gas, in which CO is present2The concentration is higher (10-15%); the requirement on the humidity of an input air source is strict (8.7-11.8%); carbon dioxide with the concentration of 50-85% is required to be used as replacement gas; cooling a gas source (flue gas) firstly, and then heating to 40-45 ℃; the adsorbing material is anion exchange resin film; the desorption process needs to be carried out at 35-45 ℃; the temperature of spray water is required to be 40-45 ℃; introducing CO2No moisture was removed before storage in the product tank.
(2) Patent CN106178817A discloses a large-scale carbon dioxide capture system and capture method, the carbon dioxide adsorption process: the atmosphere enters a carbon dioxide adsorption chamber after being dried by the drying chamber, the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is adsorbed by the adsorbent, and the adsorbed gas returns to the atmosphere again; the process of reducing the adsorbent and storing carbon dioxide comprises the following steps: the gas is humidified by the water tank, the high-humidity gas enters the adsorption chamber, the saturated adsorbent starts to desorb carbon dioxide, the desorbed carbon dioxide enters the gas tank, the carbon dioxide is completely desorbed after circulation for a plurality of times, and the adsorbent is regenerated. However, the drying process of the technical scheme adopts anhydrous calcium chloride, so that equipment is easily corroded, and solid powder can pollute gas; the material is humidified by the wet air flow, so that the speed is low and the infiltration effect is not obvious; single tank failing to continuously capture and store CO2(ii) a The absence of prior evacuation of excess air from the carbon dioxide adsorption chamber can result in trapped CO2The purity is reduced; without compressor, only atmospheric CO can be stored in gas tank2The storage capacity is small and the speed is slow.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a CO based on wet regeneration of an adsorbent material, which addresses the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art2Direct air capture system and method, on the one hand: with CO2Air with very low concentration content (0.04%) is used as a trapping air source(ii) a The humidity requirement on an input air source is relaxed and is less than 30 percent; directly vacuumizing without using replacement gas; directly heating air to 40-50 ℃ through a heat source; increasing the type of adsorbent material, not limited to anion exchange resin membranes; reducing the temperature condition required by the desorption process (including spray water) at normal temperature; storage of CO2The gas is moved forward to separate gas from liquid. On the other hand: the adsorption material is dried by adopting the air with temperature rise and dehumidification, so that the corrosion of equipment and the gas pollution are reduced; the spraying humidification is adopted, so that the material wetting speed is increased, and the wetting effect is enhanced; 3 trapping tanks are arranged for circulating operation to realize continuous trapping and storage of CO2A gas; pre-exhausting air in the capture tank to improve the collected CO2Purity; increase of CO2Storage speed and storage volume, using pressurized storage.
The invention provides CO based on a wet-process regenerated adsorbing material2A direct air capture system, comprising:
a plurality of groups of trapping devices connected in parallel; the collecting device is characterized in that an air inlet is formed in the top of the collecting device, a liquid phase inlet is formed in the upper portion of the collecting device, the liquid phase inlet is communicated with a spraying device arranged in the collecting device, and CO is arranged below the spraying device2Adsorbent material of said CO2The adsorption material is fixed in the middle of the trapping device, the bottom of the trapping device is provided with a material outlet, and the material outlet is respectively connected with CO2The adsorption material drying gas phase branch, the mixed gas branch and the liquid phase branch are connected;
the dehumidifying devices are respectively connected with the air inlets of the plurality of groups of trapping devices which are connected in parallel;
the fan is connected with the dehumidifying device; the fan is connected with a heat source;
the vacuum pumps are respectively connected with the mixed gas branches of the plurality of groups of trapping devices which are connected in parallel;
the gas-liquid separator is connected with the vacuum pump; the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator passes through a compressor and CO2The storage tanks are connected;
the liquid storage tanks are respectively connected with the liquid phase branches of the plurality of groups of trapping devices which are connected in parallel;
the water pump is connected with the liquid storage tank; the water pump is connected with a water tank.
Preferably, the plurality of groups of trapping devices connected in parallel are three groups.
Preferably, the CO is2The adsorbing material is a nano-porous material loaded with carbonate ions.
Preferably, the gas inlet, the liquid phase inlet, and the CO are arranged in parallel2The adsorption material drying gas phase branch, the mixed gas branch and the liquid phase branch are all provided with valves.
Preferably, the liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the liquid phase inlet;
the water tank is also provided with a liquid phase outlet connected with the liquid phase inlet;
the CO is2The storage tank is also provided with a liquid phase outlet connected with the liquid phase inlet.
The invention also provides CO based on the wet method regeneration adsorption material2The direct air capture method adopts the technical scheme that the CO is based on the wet regeneration adsorption material2A direct air capture system comprising the steps of:
a) heating air, dehumidifying, introducing into the first group of trapping devices to trap CO therein2Drying the adsorbing material, and passing through CO from a material outlet2Discharging the dry gas phase of the adsorption material by a branch;
b) the CO dried in the step a) is adopted for the dehumidified air2Adsorption of CO on the Material2Adsorption;
c) adsorbing CO in the step b) by adopting a water spraying mode2After CO2Adsorption of CO on the Material2Desorbing, wherein the obtained mixed gas enters a gas-liquid separator from a material outlet through a mixed gas branch for gas-liquid separation to obtain CO2Compressing and storing; finally, residual water in the first group of catching devices enters a liquid storage tank from a material outlet through a liquid phase branch, and is subsequently pumped to a water tank by a water pump;
repeating the steps a) to c) on other groups of trapping devices connected with the first group of trapping devices in parallel to realize continuous adsorption or intermittent adsorption of CO2Direct air capture.
Preferably, the dehumidified air in step b) isRelative humidity of 15-35% and flow rate of 2000m3/h～2500m3/h。
Preferably, said CO is present in step c)2The desorption pressure is 1 kPa-3 kPa, and the water spraying time is 4 min-15 min.
Preferably, the continuous adsorption process is realized by adopting three groups of trapping devices, wherein the first group of trapping devices are dried according to the step a), and CO is subjected to the step b)2Adsorption, step c) CO2The three processes of desorption and storage are continuously and circularly carried out, and the second group of trapping devices correspondingly carry out the CO desorption and storage according to the step c)2Desorption and storage, step a) drying, step b) CO2The three processes of adsorption are continuously and circularly carried out, and the third group of trapping devices correspondingly carry out the CO adsorption according to the step b)2Adsorption, step c) CO2The three processes of desorption storage and step a) drying are continuously and circularly carried out, so that the continuous storage of CO is realized2。
Preferably, the step a) adopts a vacuum drying mode to carry out CO catching in the device2And (5) drying the adsorption material.
The invention provides CO based on a wet-process regenerated adsorbing material2Direct air capture systems and methods; the system comprises: a plurality of groups of trapping devices connected in parallel; the collecting device is characterized in that an air inlet is formed in the top of the collecting device, a liquid phase inlet is formed in the upper portion of the collecting device, the liquid phase inlet is communicated with a spraying device arranged in the collecting device, and CO is arranged below the spraying device2Adsorbent material of said CO2The adsorption material is fixed in the middle of the trapping device, the bottom of the trapping device is provided with a material outlet, and the material outlet is respectively connected with CO2The adsorption material drying gas phase branch, the mixed gas branch and the liquid phase branch are connected; the dehumidifying devices are respectively connected with the air inlets of the plurality of groups of trapping devices which are connected in parallel; the fan is connected with the dehumidifying device; the fan is connected with a heat source; the vacuum pumps are respectively connected with the mixed gas branches of the plurality of groups of trapping devices which are connected in parallel; the gas-liquid separator is connected with the vacuum pump; the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator passes through a compressor and CO2The storage tanks are connected; the liquid storage tanks are respectively connected with the liquid phase branches of the plurality of groups of trapping devices which are connected in parallel; the water pump is connected with the liquid storage tank; the water pump is connected with a water tank.Compared with the prior art, the CO based on the wet-process regenerated adsorption material provided by the invention2The direct air trapping system adopts a specific structure and a connection relation, realizes overall better interaction, and can realize the following beneficial effects: (1) the regeneration energy consumption and the cost of the adsorption material are reduced (the solid adsorption material with humidity regulation is adopted, and the temperature rise and heating are not needed in the regeneration process); (2) the space utilization rate is improved (the system integration level is higher, and no extra large equipment is arranged); (3) realizing continuous capture and storage of CO2(ii) a (4) Output CO with high concentration2(pre-pumping excess air and decompressing and desorbing); (5) is not to CO2Gas pollution (no chemical reagent is used in the whole process, and the gas is non-toxic and harmless); has wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows CO based on wet regeneration of an adsorbent material according to an embodiment of the present invention2A schematic diagram of a direct air capture system;
FIG. 2 shows CO based on wet regeneration of adsorbent material according to example 1 of the present invention2Schematic of continuous adsorption by direct air capture system;
FIG. 3 shows CO based on wet regeneration of adsorbent material according to example 1 of the present invention2Schematic diagram of intermittent adsorption by direct air capture system;
FIG. 4 shows CO based on wet regeneration of adsorbent material according to example 2 of the present invention2Schematic of continuous adsorption by direct air capture system;
FIG. 5 shows CO based on wet regeneration of adsorbent material according to example 2 of the present invention2Schematic of intermittent adsorption with a direct air capture system.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides CO based on a wet-process regenerated adsorbing material2A direct air capture system, comprising:
a plurality of groups of trapping devices connected in parallel; the collecting device is characterized in that an air inlet is formed in the top of the collecting device, a liquid phase inlet is formed in the upper portion of the collecting device, the liquid phase inlet is communicated with a spraying device arranged in the collecting device, and CO is arranged below the spraying device2Adsorption material of said CO2The adsorption material is fixed in the middle of the trapping device, the bottom of the trapping device is provided with a material outlet, and the material outlet is respectively connected with CO2The adsorption material drying gas phase branch, the mixed gas branch and the liquid phase branch are connected;
the dehumidifying devices are respectively connected with the air inlets of the plurality of groups of trapping devices which are connected in parallel;
the fan is connected with the dehumidifying device; the fan is connected with a heat source;
the vacuum pumps are respectively connected with the mixed gas branches of the plurality of groups of trapping devices which are connected in parallel;
the gas-liquid separator is connected with the vacuum pump; the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator passes through a compressor and CO2The storage tanks are connected;
the liquid storage tanks are respectively connected with the liquid phase branches of the plurality of groups of trapping devices which are connected in parallel;
the water pump is connected with the liquid storage tank; the water pump is connected with a water tank.
In the invention, the plurality of groups of trapping devices connected in parallel are preferably three groups, and the trapping devices can adopt trapping tanks well known to those skilled in the art; the gas inlet, the liquid phase inlet and the CO2The adsorption material drying gas phase branch, the mixed gas branch and the liquid phase branch are preferably provided with valves.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 shows CO based on wet regeneration of an adsorbent material according to an embodiment of the present invention2A schematic diagram of a direct air capture system; wherein, 1-heat source, 2-fan, 3-dehumidification device, 4-first spray device, 5-second spray device, 6-third spray device, 7-first capture device, 8-second capture device, 9-third capture device, 10-first group of CO2Adsorbent Material, 11-second group CO2AdsorptionMaterials, 12-third group CO2Adsorbing material, 13-liquid storage tank, 14-water pump, 15-water tank, 16-vacuum pump, 17-gas-liquid separator, 18-compressor, 19-CO2The storage tank and the rest are valves.
In the present invention, the CO is2The adsorbing material is preferably a carbonate ion-loaded nano-porous material; when the CO is present2When the relative humidity of the environment where the adsorption material is positioned is low, the adsorption material can automatically adsorb CO2On the contrary, it enables CO to be supplied when the relative humidity is high2And (4) desorbing. In the present invention, the CO is2The adsorbent may be in various forms such as a granular form and a block form, in addition to a film form, and is not limited by the internal space of the trap apparatus.
In the present invention, the liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is preferably connected to the liquid phase inlet; the water tank is preferably also provided with a liquid phase outlet connected with the liquid phase inlet; the CO is2The tank is preferably further provided with a liquid phase outlet connected to the liquid phase inlet.
The invention also provides CO based on the wet method regeneration adsorption material2The direct air capture method adopts the technical scheme that the CO is based on the wet regeneration adsorption material2A direct air capture system comprising the steps of:
a) heating air, dehumidifying, introducing into the first group of trapping devices to trap CO therein2Drying the adsorbing material, and passing through CO from a material outlet2Discharging the adsorption material dry gas phase by a branch;
b) the CO dried in the step a) is adopted for the dehumidified air2Adsorption of CO on the Material2Adsorption;
c) adsorbing CO in the step b) by adopting a water spraying mode2After CO2Adsorption of material for CO2Desorbing, wherein the obtained mixed gas enters a gas-liquid separator from a material outlet through a mixed gas branch for gas-liquid separation to obtain CO2Compressing and storing; finally, residual water in the first group of catching devices enters a liquid storage tank from a material outlet through a liquid phase branch, and is subsequently pumped to a water tank by a water pump;
will be combined with the first group of trapping devicesRepeating the steps a) to c) by other groups of collecting devices connected with the system to perform continuous adsorption or intermittent adsorption so as to realize CO2Direct air capture.
In the present invention, the air is ambient air (CO) well known to those skilled in the art2At a concentration of 0.04%), other CO-containing compounds may also be used2The mixed gas of (2) is not particularly limited in this regard. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the gas entering the heat source 1 is air in the natural environment, widely available and cost-free, with CO2The concentration is about 0.04 percent, and after the reduced pressure desorption of the process, the concentration can be improved by more than 2000 times; in another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gas entering the blower 1 is air in natural environment, widely available and without cost, wherein the CO is2The concentration is about 0.04%, and after the reduced pressure desorption of the process, the concentration can be improved by more than 2000 times.
In the present invention, the heating is performed by the heat source 1, and the heating temperature is preferably 40 to 50 ℃.
In the present invention, the dehumidification is performed by the dehumidification device 3, and the relative humidity of the air after the dehumidification is preferably 15% to 35%, more preferably 20% to 30%, and the flow rate is preferably 2000m3/h～2500m3H, more preferably 2300m3/h。
The invention reduces the air humidity step by step through the matching operation of the heat source 1, the fan 2 and the dehumidifying device 3, and can effectively accelerate CO2And (5) drying the adsorption material.
In the invention, after the air is heated and dehumidified, the air is introduced into the first group of trapping devices to trap CO in the air2Drying the adsorbing material, and passing through CO from a material outlet2And discharging the dry gas phase branch of the adsorption material. In the present invention, the drying time is preferably 0.5 to 1.5 hours, and more preferably 1 hour.
Then, the invention adopts the CO dried in the step a) to the dehumidified air2Adsorption of CO on the Material2And (4) adsorbing.
In the present invention, the relative humidity of the dehumidified air is preferably 15% to 35%, and more preferably 15% to 35%Is selected to be 20-30%, and the flow rate is preferably 2000m3/h～2500m3H, more preferably 2300m3/h。
In the present invention, the CO is2The adsorption time is preferably 0.5 to 1.5 hours, more preferably 1 hour. In the present invention, CO2The drying process of the adsorption material is preferably completed under the conditions that the temperature is 40-50 ℃ and the relative humidity is lower than 30%; and CO2The adsorption process can be completed under the conditions of normal temperature and relative humidity lower than 30%.
Then, the invention adopts a water spraying mode to adsorb CO in the step b)2After CO2Adsorption of CO on the Material2Desorbing, wherein the obtained mixed gas enters a gas-liquid separator from a material outlet through a mixed gas branch for gas-liquid separation to obtain CO2Compressing and storing; and finally, residual water in the first group of catching devices enters the liquid storage tank from the material outlet through the liquid phase branch, and is pumped to the water tank by the water pump.
In the present invention, the time for the water spraying is preferably 4 to 15min, more preferably 5 to 10 min. The water required by the spraying is not particularly limited, and normal-temperature tap water well known to those skilled in the art can be adopted.
In the present invention, the CO is2The desorption pressure is preferably 1kPa to 3kPa, and more preferably 2 kPa; CO 22The desorption storage process needs to be started when the absolute pressure in the trapping tank is lower than 2kPa, and CO is fed2Before the gas is pressed into the storage tank, the water is removed by a gas-liquid separator.
Meanwhile, the other groups of trapping devices connected with the first group of trapping devices in parallel are subjected to continuous adsorption or intermittent adsorption by repeating the steps a) to c) to realize CO adsorption2Direct air capture.
In the present invention, the continuous adsorption process is preferably implemented by using three sets of trapping devices, wherein the first set of trapping devices is dried according to step a) and CO is dried according to step b)2Adsorption, step c) CO2The three processes of desorption and storage are continuously and circularly carried out, and the second group of trapping devices correspondingly carry out the CO desorption and storage according to the step c)2Desorption and storage, step a) drying, step b) CO2Three processes of adsorptionContinuously circulating, and correspondingly arranging a third group of trapping devices according to the step b) of CO2Adsorption, step c) CO2The three processes of desorption storage and step a) drying are continuously and circularly carried out to realize continuous storage of CO2. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the entire process flow contains CO2Drying of the adsorption Material, CO2Adsorption, CO2The desorption was stored for 3 processes, each for the same required period of time (preferably 1 hour), while 3 trapping tanks were provided, so that the continuous adsorption mode was operated as described above.
The process of the batch adsorption is not particularly limited by the present invention, and three sets of trapping devices are used to simultaneously dry according to step a) and CO according to step b) as is well known to those skilled in the art2Adsorption, step c) CO2The three processes of desorption and storage are continuously and circularly carried out.
In the present invention, the step a) is preferably carried out by vacuum drying CO in the trapping device2Drying the adsorption material; the invention adopts a vacuum drying mode, has high drying speed and can effectively avoid material pollution or deterioration.
The invention provides CO based on a wet-process regenerated adsorbing material2Direct air capture systems and methods; the system comprises: a plurality of groups of trapping devices connected in parallel; the collecting device is characterized in that an air inlet is formed in the top of the collecting device, a liquid phase inlet is formed in the upper portion of the collecting device, the liquid phase inlet is communicated with a spraying device arranged in the collecting device, and CO is arranged below the spraying device2Adsorbent material of said CO2The adsorption material is fixed in the middle of the trapping device, the bottom of the trapping device is provided with a material outlet, and the material outlet is respectively connected with CO2The adsorption material drying gas phase branch, the mixed gas branch and the liquid phase branch are connected; the dehumidifying devices are respectively connected with the air inlets of the plurality of groups of trapping devices which are connected in parallel; the fan is connected with the dehumidifying device; the fan is connected with a heat source; the vacuum pumps are respectively connected with the mixed gas branches of the plurality of groups of trapping devices which are connected in parallel; the gas-liquid separator is connected with the vacuum pump; the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator passes through a compressor and CO2The storage tanks are connected; reservoirs connected respectively to liquid phase branches of groups of trapping devices connected in parallelA liquid tank; the water pump is connected with the liquid storage tank; the water pump is connected with a water tank. Compared with the prior art, the CO based on the wet-process regenerated adsorption material provided by the invention2The direct air trapping system adopts a specific structure and a connection relation, realizes overall better interaction, and can realize the following beneficial effects: (1) the regeneration energy consumption and the cost of the adsorption material are reduced (the solid adsorption material with humidity regulation is adopted, and the temperature rise and heating are not needed in the regeneration process); (2) the space utilization rate is improved (the system integration level is higher, and no extra large equipment is arranged); (3) realizing continuous CO capture and storage2(ii) a (4) Output CO with high concentration2(pre-pumping excess air and decompressing and desorbing); (5) is not to CO2Gas pollution (no chemical reagent is used in the whole process, and the gas is non-toxic and harmless); has wide application prospect.
To further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are provided for illustration. CO used in the following examples of the invention2The adsorbing material is a carbonate ion-loaded nano porous material, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps:
firstly, pulling a film by a hot pressing mode through a mixture of a polyethylene substrate and D201 resin powder (with the mass fraction of 60%), and then carrying out hydrothermal treatment for 4 hours through deionized water at the temperature of 80 ℃; next, the material was placed in 0.5mol/L Na2CO3Carrying out ion exchange in the solution for 4 times, wherein the single duration is 4 h; after each ion exchange, the material was removed and rinsed 2 times with deionized water, followed by addition of freshly prepared Na2CO3A solution; after the preparation is finished, the material is dried for later use.
Example 1
CO based on wet regeneration adsorption material in the technical scheme2The direct air capture system specifically works as follows:
CO2drying an adsorption material: taking the first capture tank 7 as an example, the air (CO) in the environment20.04%) to 2300m3After the flow rate of the air/h is heated by the heat source 1 (40-50 ℃), the air/h is sent into the dehumidifying device 3 by the fan 2, so that the relative humidity of the air is reduced to the range of 20-30 percent; heated and dehumidified air enters through valve 21Enters a first trapping tank 7 and blows a first group of CO from top to bottom2The adsorbent material 10 thus performs a drying function and is then discharged to the atmosphere through the valve 30; the entire drying process lasted 1 hour.
CO2Adsorption: first group of CO2After the adsorbing material 10 is dried for 1 hour, the heat source 1 may be turned off (or the heat source 1 may not be turned off), and the rest is kept in accordance with the drying process, and air with a relative humidity of 20% -30% is used at 2300m3The purge was continued for 1 hour at a flow rate/h.
CO2Desorption and storage: the air in the first capture tank 7 is first pumped out through the valves 33 and 46 by the vacuum pump 16 to reduce the pressure in the first capture tank 7 to 2kPa or less (CO is required to be described as2In the desorption storage process, the vacuum pump does not necessarily need to pump the pressure in the trapping tank to be lower than 2kPa, the pressure in the trapping tank can be adjusted by controlling the operation time of the pump, part of air is reserved and finally stored in the air storage tank, and the final CO in the air storage tank can be theoretically stored2Any value within the range of 0.04-100 percent concentration); subsequently, the water for the desorption process enters the first spraying device 4 through the valves 20, 27, and the first group of CO is sprayed2Uniformly spraying the adsorbing material 10 for 5-10 minutes in the presence of CO2Gradually desorbing in the process of wetting; the mixed gas generated in the first capture tank 7 is sent to the gas-liquid separator 17 by the vacuum pump 16 through the valves 33 and 47, and the separated CO2The invention firstly pumps the redundant air in the collecting tank by a vacuum pump and then carries out CO (carbon monoxide) treatment2Transport, can increase the final CO2Concentration up to 99% or more) is fed from compressor 18 through valve 48 into the CO2The reservoir 19 is pressurized for storage.
After the first circulation, the residual liquid water in the first trapping tank 7 is discharged into the liquid storage tank 13 through the valve 37; in the following cycle, this water discharge process is combined with CO2The drying process of the adsorption material is synchronously carried out; when the liquid storage tank 13 reaches the upper limit of the liquid level, the water pump 14 pumps water to the water tank 15 through the valves 43, 44 and 45; in addition, the water tank 15 is connected with the water inlet at the valve 20, so that the water is recycled.
CO based on wet regeneration adsorption material provided by embodiment 1 of the invention according to different circulation modes2The direct air capture process is further illustrated:
continuous adsorption is preferably employed:
the operation process of the system is shown in fig. 2, the first trapping tank 7 is sequentially carried out according to three processes of drying, adsorption and desorption storage, the second trapping tank 8 is firstly subjected to desorption storage, and the third trapping tank 9 is firstly subjected to adsorption process; thus, the desorption and storage process of one trapping tank in each hour is ensured, and the continuous CO storage can be realized2To continuously output CO with a stable concentration when 3 trapping tanks are circulated in the continuous adsorption mode in a continuous manner at a small flow rate2Gas).
Intermittent adsorption:
the operation process of the system is shown in fig. 3, the three trapping tanks are sequentially carried out according to the drying, adsorption and desorption storage processes, and the three trapping tanks are simultaneously carried out with the desorption storage process (intermittent type and large flow) every two hours.
CO based on wet regeneration adsorption material provided by embodiment 1 of the invention2The direct air capture system and the method have the following beneficial effects:
(1) the capture of carbon dioxide and the regeneration of the adsorption material can be realized only by controlling the humidity, and the regeneration cost of the adsorption material is low; (2) the requirement on the humidity of an air source in the adsorption process is low, and the energy consumption in the dehumidification process can be reduced; (3) the desorption process is finished at normal temperature, and the spray water is also at normal temperature, so that unnecessary heating energy consumption is avoided; (4) air is pumped out in advance in the desorption process, other impurity gases are removed, and the final CO is greatly improved2Concentration; (5) the whole process does not use toxic and harmful substances such as chemical reagents and the like, and the collected CO2Can be used as food additive; (6) can continuously capture and store CO in a preferred mode2And can also intermittently capture and store CO2(ii) a (7) The CO per unit time can be controlled by controlling the number of the operated tank bodies2Yield; (8) the CO per unit time can be controlled by controlling the drying, adsorption and desorption time2Yield; (9) by controlling the pressure in the capture tankControl of CO2Outlet concentration; (10) normal pressure desorption and reduced pressure desorption can be realized by controlling the starting and stopping of the vacuum pump; (11) the system has relatively simple structure, higher integration level and high space utilization rate. Of course, the present invention also allows for an increase in the number of trapping devices, an increase in the single cycle time (especially the total time used for the drying and adsorption processes), and continuous trapping and storage.
Example 2
CO based on wet-process regeneration adsorption material in technical scheme2The direct air capture system specifically works as follows:
CO2drying an adsorption material: the vacuum drying mode is adopted, the air is mainly removed in the initial stage, and the water vapor is removed in the other stages. Taking the first capture tank 7 as an example, the vacuum pump 16 first evacuates the air in the first capture tank 7 through the valve 33 and discharges the air through the valve 46 so that the pressure in the tank is reduced to 2kPa or less (note that, while evacuation and drying are performed, CO in the capture tank can be subjected to evacuation and drying, simultaneously2The adsorption material is properly and continuously heated, so that the moisture in the material is diffused into low-pressure air on the surface through pressure difference or concentration difference, and is pumped out by a vacuum pump to be removed, and the drying speed is further improved); the water vapor is mainly pumped in the subsequent process, so that the water vapor directly enters the gas-liquid separator 17 through a valve 47; during the drying process, a part of the water vapor is directly flowed into the liquid storage tank 13 through the valve 36 when encountering condensation.
CO2Adsorption: starting the fan 2 and the dehumidifier 3 (by the matching operation of the fan 2 and the dehumidifier 3, the air humidity is reduced in advance, and CO can be increased2Adsorption efficiency) to reduce the relative humidity of the inlet air to 20% -30%; dehumidified air at 2300m3The flow rate/h enters the first capture tank 7 through the valve 21 and blows the CO in the first group of adsorption materials 10 from top to bottom2Adsorbed and then vented to atmosphere through valve 30.
CO2Desorption and storage: the air in the first capture tank 7 is first pumped out through the valves 33 and 46 by the vacuum pump 16 to reduce the pressure in the first capture tank 7 to 2kPa or less (CO is required to be described as2Desorption storageIn the process, the vacuum pump does not necessarily need to pump the pressure in the trapping tank to be lower than 2kPa, the pressure in the trapping tank can be adjusted by controlling the operation time of the pump, part of air is reserved and finally stored in the air storage tank, and theoretically, the final CO in the air storage tank can be obtained2Any value within the range of 0.04-100 percent concentration); then, water for the desorption process enters the first spraying device 4 through the valves 20 and 27, the first group of adsorbing materials 10 are uniformly sprayed for 5-10 minutes, and CO is generated2Gradually desorbing in the process of wetting; the mixed gas generated in the first capture tank 7 is sent to the gas-liquid separator 17 by the vacuum pump 16 through the valves 33 and 47, and the separated CO2The gas (the concentration can reach more than 90% through detection; the invention firstly pumps the redundant air in the trapping tank through the vacuum pump, and then carries out CO2Transport, can increase the final CO2Concentration up to 99% or more) is fed from compressor 18 through valve 48 into the CO2The reservoir 19 is pressurized for storage.
After the first circulation, a large amount of liquid water remains in the first capture tank 7, and the liquid water needs to be discharged into the liquid storage tank 13 through the valve 37, and then CO is carried out2Drying the adsorption material; since the draining step is faster, this draining operation is also attributed to CO in the following cycle2The time spent in the drying process of the adsorption material is collectively limited to 1 hour; when the liquid storage tank 13 reaches the upper limit of the liquid level, the water pump 14 pumps water to the water tank 15 through the valves 43, 44 and 45; in addition, the water tank 15 is connected with a water inlet at the valve 20, so that the water is recycled.
CO based on wet regeneration adsorption material provided by embodiment 2 of the invention according to different circulation modes2The direct air capture process is further illustrated:
continuous adsorption is preferably employed:
the operation process of the system is shown in fig. 4, the first trapping tank 7 is sequentially carried out according to three processes of drying, adsorption and desorption storage, the second trapping tank 8 is firstly subjected to desorption storage, and the third trapping tank 9 is firstly subjected to adsorption process; thus, the desorption and storage process of one trapping tank in each hour is ensured, and the continuous CO storage can be realized2Purpose (continuous type)When the flow rate is small and 3 trapping tanks are circulated in the continuous adsorption mode, CO with stable concentration can be continuously output2Gas).
It should be noted that moisture is extracted during drying, air is extracted and CO is transported during desorption storage2The operation of (2) all needs to use the vacuum pump 16, and only needs to control the on-off of valves on different pipelines.
Intermittent adsorption:
the operation process of the system is shown in fig. 5, the three capture tanks are sequentially carried out according to the drying, adsorption and desorption storage processes, and the three capture tanks are simultaneously carried out with the desorption storage process (intermittent type and large flow) every two hours.
Moisture extraction during drying, air extraction during desorption and storage, and CO delivery2The operation of (2) is carried out using a vacuum pump 16; by opening valves 22, 24, 26 to connect the three capture tanks, the vacuum pump 16 can be turned off each time the same pressure value is reached.
CO based on wet-process regeneration adsorption material provided by embodiment 2 of the invention2The direct air capture system and the method have the following beneficial effects:
(1) the capture of carbon dioxide and the regeneration of the adsorption material can be realized only by controlling the humidity, and the regeneration cost of the adsorption material is low; (2) CO by vacuum dehydration2The adsorption material is dried at a high drying speed, and the pollution or deterioration of the material can be effectively avoided; (3) the requirement on the humidity of an air source in the adsorption process is low, and the energy consumption in the dehumidification process can be reduced; (4) the desorption process is finished at normal temperature, and the spray water is also at normal temperature, so that unnecessary heating energy consumption is avoided; (5) air is pumped out in advance in the desorption process, other impurity gases are removed, and the final CO is greatly improved2Concentration; (6) the whole process does not use toxic and harmful substances such as chemical reagents and the like, and the collected CO2Can be used as food additive. (7) Can continuously capture and store CO in a preferred mode2And can also intermittently capture and store CO2(ii) a (8) The CO per unit time can be controlled by controlling the number of the operated tank bodies2Yield; (9) the CO per unit time can be controlled by controlling the drying, adsorption and desorption time2Yield; (10) by controllingPressure controlled CO in capture tank2Outlet concentration; (11) normal pressure desorption and reduced pressure desorption can be realized by controlling the starting and stopping of the vacuum stopper; (12) the system has the advantages of relatively simple structure, higher integration level and high space utilization rate.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. CO based on wet-process regenerated adsorption material2A direct air capture system, comprising:
a plurality of groups of trapping devices connected in parallel; the collecting device is characterized in that an air inlet is formed in the top of the collecting device, a liquid phase inlet is formed in the upper portion of the collecting device, the liquid phase inlet is communicated with a spraying device arranged in the collecting device, and CO is arranged below the spraying device2Adsorbent material of said CO2The adsorption material is fixed in the middle of the trapping device, the bottom of the trapping device is provided with a material outlet, and the material outlet is respectively connected with CO2The adsorption material drying gas phase branch, the mixed gas branch and the liquid phase branch are connected;
the dehumidifying devices are respectively connected with the air inlets of the plurality of groups of trapping devices which are connected in parallel;
the fan is connected with the dehumidifying device; the fan is connected with a heat source;
the vacuum pumps are respectively connected with the mixed gas branches of the plurality of groups of trapping devices which are connected in parallel;
the gas-liquid separator is connected with the vacuum pump; the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator passes through a compressor and CO2The storage tanks are connected;
the liquid storage tanks are respectively connected with the liquid phase branches of the plurality of groups of trapping devices which are connected in parallel;
the water pump is connected with the liquid storage tank; the water pump is connected with a water tank.
2. CO based on wet regeneration adsorption material according to claim 12The direct air capture system is characterized in that the plurality of groups of capture devices connected in parallel are three groups.
3. CO based on wet regeneration adsorption material according to claim 12Direct air capture system, characterized in that the CO is2The adsorbing material is a nano-porous material loaded with carbonate ions.
4. CO based on wet regeneration adsorption material according to claim 12Direct air capture system, characterized in that the air inlet, liquid phase inlet, CO2The adsorption material drying gas phase branch, the mixed gas branch and the liquid phase branch are all provided with valves.
5. CO based on wet regeneration adsorption material according to any one of claims 1 to 42The direct air capture system is characterized in that a liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with a liquid phase inlet;
the water tank is also provided with a liquid phase outlet connected with the liquid phase inlet;
the CO is2The storage tank is also provided with a liquid phase outlet connected with the liquid phase inlet.
6. CO based on wet-process regenerated adsorption material2A direct air capture method, characterized in that the CO based on the wet regeneration adsorption material of any one of claims 1 to 4 is adopted2A direct air capture system comprising the steps of:
a) heating air, dehumidifying, introducing into the first group of trapping devices to trap CO therein2Drying the adsorbing material, and passing through CO from a material outlet2Discharging the adsorption material dry gas phase by a branch;
b) the CO dried in the step a) is adopted for the dehumidified air2Adsorption of CO on the Material2Adsorption;
c) adsorbing CO in the step b) by adopting a water spraying mode2After CO2Adsorption of CO on the Material2Desorbing, wherein the obtained mixed gas enters a gas-liquid separator from a material outlet through a mixed gas branch for gas-liquid separation to obtain CO2Compressing and storing; finally, residual water in the first group of catching devices enters a liquid storage tank from a material outlet through a liquid phase branch, and is subsequently pumped to a water tank by a water pump;
repeating the steps a) to c) on other groups of trapping devices connected with the first group of trapping devices in parallel to realize continuous adsorption or intermittent adsorption of CO2Direct air capture.
7. CO based on wet regeneration adsorption material according to claim 62The direct air trapping method is characterized in that the relative humidity of the dehumidified air in the step b) is 15-35%, and the flow rate is 2000m3/h～2500m3/h。
8. CO based on wet regeneration adsorption material according to claim 62Direct air capture process characterized in that in step c) the CO is2The desorption pressure is 1 kPa-3 kPa, and the water spraying time is 4 min-15 min.
9. CO based on wet regeneration adsorption material according to claim 62The direct air capture method is characterized in that the continuous adsorption process is realized by adopting three groups of capture devices, wherein the first group of capture devices are dried according to the step a), and CO is dried according to the step b)2Adsorption, step c) CO2The three processes of desorption and storage are continuously and circularly carried out, and the second group of trapping devices correspondingly carry out the CO desorption and storage according to the step c)2Desorption and storage, step a) drying, step b) CO2The three processes of adsorption are continuously and circularly carried out, and the third group of trapping devices correspondingly carry out the CO adsorption according to the step b)2Adsorption, step c) CO2The three processes of desorption storage and step a) drying are continuously and circularly carried out, so that the continuous storage of CO is realized2。
10. CO based on a wet regeneration adsorption material according to any one of claims 6 to 92The direct air capture method is characterized in that the step a) adopts a vacuum drying mode to capture CO in the device2And (5) drying the adsorption material.
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| WO2024026405A1 (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2024-02-01 | Clairity Technology Inc. | Systems and methods for performing direct air capture with the assistance of a recirculating buffer fluid for generation of a partially enriched stream of carbon dioxide from chemical media |
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