CN114213331B - 一类urat1抑制剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一类urat1抑制剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114213331B CN114213331B CN202210131754.5A CN202210131754A CN114213331B CN 114213331 B CN114213331 B CN 114213331B CN 202210131754 A CN202210131754 A CN 202210131754A CN 114213331 B CN114213331 B CN 114213331B
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- pharmaceutically acceptable
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- 229940083914 URAT1 inhibitor Drugs 0.000 title abstract description 7
- ASUMVAPLXCRBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazin-4-yl)methanone Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(O)=C(Cl)C=C1C(=O)N1C2=CC=CC=C2OCC1 ASUMVAPLXCRBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric Acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1NC(=O)N2 LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229940116269 uric acid Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric acid Natural products N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2NC(=O)NC21 TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 201000005569 Gout Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 201000001431 Hyperuricemia Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- -1 hydroxy-substituted methylene Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 7
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006583 (C1-C3) haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000017169 kidney disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011321 prophylaxis Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 72
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 20
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 18
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- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 17
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- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
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- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical class O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
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- FGQFOYHRJSUHMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N lesinurad Chemical compound OC(=O)CSC1=NN=C(Br)N1C(C1=CC=CC=C11)=CC=C1C1CC1 FGQFOYHRJSUHMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012981 Hank's balanced salt solution Substances 0.000 description 7
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229960002529 benzbromarone Drugs 0.000 description 6
- WHQCHUCQKNIQEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzbromarone Chemical compound CCC=1OC2=CC=CC=C2C=1C(=O)C1=CC(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=C1 WHQCHUCQKNIQEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron tribromide Chemical compound BrB(Br)Br ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- YGBNKLDKKPLHMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-(1-ethylindazol-3-yl)methanone Chemical compound BrC=1C=C(C=C(C=1O)Br)C(=O)C1=NN(C2=CC=CC=C12)CC YGBNKLDKKPLHMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NGLUHDPPLSTAKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-(2-ethylindazol-3-yl)methanone Chemical compound BrC=1C=C(C=C(C=1O)Br)C(=O)C=1N(N=C2C=CC=CC=12)CC NGLUHDPPLSTAKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NCMOTXVFSBIHRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)indazole-5-carbonitrile Chemical compound CCN1C2=C(C=C(C=C2)C#N)C(=N1)C(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O NCMOTXVFSBIHRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UTJZHIVWRZFNIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCN1N=C(C(C(C=C2)=CC=C2OC)=O)C2=CC=CC=C12 Chemical compound CCN1N=C(C(C(C=C2)=CC=C2OC)=O)C2=CC=CC=C12 UTJZHIVWRZFNIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- OFCNXPDARWKPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N allopurinol Chemical compound OC1=NC=NC2=C1C=NN2 OFCNXPDARWKPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- YZYYIEGSVNCTJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-ethylindazol-3-yl)-(4-methoxyphenyl)methanone Chemical compound CCN1C(=C2C=CC=CC2=N1)C(=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)OC YZYYIEGSVNCTJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000006645 (C3-C4) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=NNC2=C1 BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CUXVARDAJFAAHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylindazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NN(CC)C=C21 CUXVARDAJFAAHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
- C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D471/04—Ortho-condensed systems
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明属于药物化学领域,具体涉及一类URAT1抑制剂及其应用,它具体为式(I)或式(II)所示结构的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。实验表明,本发明提供的化合物对HEK293转染细胞中hURAT1转运尿酸具有十分良好的抑制作用,显示该类化合物在治疗高尿酸血症或痛风方面具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物化学领域,具体涉及一类URAT1抑制剂化合物以及该类化合物的应用。
背景技术
痛风是由高尿酸血症引起的一种代谢类疾病。当人体内嘌呤代谢紊乱或摄取过多的高嘌呤食物,导致尿酸的生成增加,而肾脏对尿酸排泄不畅,从而引起血尿酸浓度超出正常水平,达到饱和,尿酸盐大量蓄积并产生结晶,沉积在关节、肌腱、肾脏等部位,最终导致反复的关节炎性的疼痛(Richette P,Bardin T.Gout.Lancet.2010,375(9711):318-328)。当男性血液中尿酸浓度>7mg/dL或女性血液中尿酸浓度大于6mg/dL时,临床上就定义为高尿酸血症。约80-85%高尿酸血症患者的病因是肾脏对尿酸的排泄不畅(CheesemanC.Solute carrier family 2,member 9 and uric acid homeostasis.Current Opinionin Nephrology and Hypertension,2009,18(5):428-432)。
痛风具有十分严重的危害。其发作时会给患者带来剧烈的疼痛。若大量尿酸钠盐结晶在人体皮下沉积,则可形成痛风石,痛风石可使关节变形,功能丧失,并使表皮细胞断裂。在肾脏中形成的痛风石可导致尿酸性结石病和肾炎,甚至引发肾损伤。痛风还可能与高血压、代谢综合征、高脂血症、糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗等多种病症存在一定的相互影响,并加剧上述疾病的危险系数。(Rho YH,Woo JH,Choi SJ,et al.Association between serumuric acid and the adult treatment panel III-defined metabolic syndrome:results from a single hospital database.Metabolism.2008,57:(1)71-76)。
随着人类生活水平的提高、饮食和生活习惯的改变,痛风的发病率呈逐年升高的趋势,痛风已成为最常见的慢性疾病,也已被联合国列为21世纪20大顽症之一(Grobner W,Walter SI.Treatment of hyperuricemia and gout.Med Monatsschr Pharm,2005,28:159-164)。目前全球有近1亿痛风病患,其市场巨大。欧洲的痛风发病率约为1-2%,其中主要发病人群为中老年男性(Michael Doherty,Tim L Jansen,George Nuki,et al.Gout:why is this curable disease so seldom cured?.Annals of the RheumaticDiseases.2012,71(11):1765-1770);而美国痛风病人也已达830万;中国的高尿酸血症患者人数约为1.2亿,其中痛风患者已超5000万人,且沿海发达地区(如青岛、中国香港、中国台湾等地)痛风及高尿酸血症的发病率高。据2000-2007年中国台湾某医院统计,高尿酸血症患病率高达22.8%。
痛风的标准化治疗方案中包含有降尿酸治疗(urate-lowering therapy,ULT)。其可使机体血尿酸浓度低于饱和浓度而不至于形成尿酸盐结晶,并可使病灶部位的尿酸盐结晶溶解。体内尿酸盐结晶消失后,痛风便不再形成。ULT的目的是使患者的血尿酸浓度降低至6mg/dL以下。而对于痛风石患者,目标血尿酸浓度须降低至5mg/dL,这才能在一定的时间范围内,有效得减少患者的尿酸盐沉淀(Puja P Khanna,George Nuki,Thomas Bardin,etal.Tophi and frequent gout flares are associated with impairments to qualityof life,productivity,and increased healthcare resource use:Results from across-sectional survey.Health and Quality of Life Outcomes.2012,10(117):117;Richette P,Frazier A,Bardin T.Pharmacokinetics considerations for gouttreatments.Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol.2014,10(7):949-957)。ULT的药物分为尿酸生成抑制药、促进尿酸排泄药及尿酸酶类药物。别嘌呤醇和非布索坦是黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂,为主要的尿酸生成抑制药,但别嘌呤醇临床使用剂量大,且具有多种不良反应,比如可引发致命性的皮疹;非布索坦存在十分严重的心血管和胃肠道不适的副作用,也具有肝脏毒性。而且在临床上大约40-80%的患者无法通过尿酸生成抑制药达到控制血尿酸水平的目的(Edwards NL.Febuxostat:a new treatment for hyperuricaemia ingout.Rheumatology(Oxford).2009,48(2):15-19)。尿酸酶类药物如聚乙二醇重组尿酸酶(pegloticase),虽然其疗效显著,但只能用于常规治疗无效或无法耐受常规治疗的成年痛风患者,因为其具有严重的心血管事件、输液反应和免疫原性反应等不良反应,因此临床上很少被使用。(Lipsky PE,Calabrese LH,Kavanaugh A,et al.PegloticaseImmuneogenicity:the relationship between efficacy and antibody development inpatients treated for refractory chronic gout.Arthritis Research Therapy.2014,16(2):60.)
另一ULT类药物为促进尿酸排泄药。其作用机理是抑制肾脏近曲小管上皮细胞的人尿酸阴离子转运蛋白1(human urate anion transporter 1,hURAT1)对尿酸的转运作用,降低尿酸在肾脏近曲小管的重吸收,从而达到促进肾脏对尿酸的排泄作用。hURAT1在人肾脏近曲小管上皮细胞刷状缘膜上特异性表达,是人体内最主要的尿酸重吸收蛋白,控制着约90%以上的肾小球滤过后尿酸的重吸收(Michael FW,Jutabha P,QuadaB.Developing potent human uric acid transporter 1(hURAT1)inhibitors.Journalof Medicinal Chemistry.2011,54:2701-2713)。
临床目前主要用于治疗痛风的促尿酸排泄药URAT1抑制剂包括苯溴马隆(Benzbromarone)、Zurampic、丙磺舒和苯磺唑酮。阿斯利康的Zurampic在2015年12月和2016年2月由美国和欧洲批准以200mg/天的剂量与别嘌醇合用,其疗效远不如苯溴马隆。临床试验表明,Lesinurad存在多种毒副作用:(1)该药可能会引起患者发生致死性心血管疾病、非致命性心肌梗死或脑瘁中等重大心血管不良反应。(2)Lesinurad刚开始治疗后会发生肾功能相关的不良反应,单独服用400mg时,严重不良事件发生率最高,故临床上禁止高剂量单用,且治疗前后需定期检测肾功能。(3)该药可引发轻中度的肝损伤。因此,FDA要求Lesinurad用黑框在说明书中标示其严重的肾脏毒性。而老药丙磺舒和苯磺唑酮疗效十分差、且使用剂量大,副作用大。
苯溴马隆为一类典型的URAT1选择性抑制剂,是目前市场上最有效的促尿酸排泄药,由法国Snaofi-Synthelabo公司研制,并于1976年上市。据报道,92%的别嘌呤醇治疗无效的痛风患者,在连续使用苯溴马隆2个月后,可使其血尿酸值降低至5mg/dl(Halevy S,Ghislain PD,Mockenhaupt M,et al.Allopurinol is the most common cause ofStevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in Europe andIsrael.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology.2008,58(1):25-32)。苯溴马隆易被CYP2C9氧化代谢成6-羟基苯溴马隆,再进一步代谢成为6,7位或5,6位邻苯双醌产物(Matthew G.McDonald,Rettie AE.Sequential metabolism and bioactivation ofthe hepatotoxin benzbromarone:formation of glutathione adducts from acatechol intermediate.Chemical Research in Toxicology.2007,20(12):1833-1842);苯溴马隆由于含有酚羟基,会被CYP2C9通过ipso-取代反应,氧化生成2,6-二溴对苯二酚,再进一步代谢成为对苯双醌产物(Yumina Kitagawara,Tomoyuki Ohe,KumikoTachibana.Novel Bioactivation Pathway of Benzbromarone Mediated by CytochromeP450.ASPET Journal.2015)。这三类双醌产物的化学性质活泼,可通过与蛋白质或多肽的半胱氨酸残基上的巯基共轭加成,从而导致肝毒性。此外,苯溴马隆对CYP2C9较强的抑制性。该药没能进入美国市场,也在2003年从部分欧洲国家退市(Jansen TL,Reinders MK,van Roon EN,et al.Benzbromarone withdrawn from the European market:anothercase of"absence of evidence is evidence of absence".Clinical ExperimentalRheumatology,2004,22(5):651)。但因市场缺乏好的抗痛风药物,仍然有中国、德国、日本、巴西、新西兰等20多个国家在广泛使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是在现有技术的基础上,提供一系列新的化合物,旨在获得毒性低且药效更佳的URAT1抑制剂用于高尿酸血症或痛风疾病的治疗。
本发明的目的可以通过以下措施达到:
一类式(I)或式(II)所示结构的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中,
A1、A2、A3或A4为CH或N;
G为羰基、硫、砜基、亚砜基、任意取代的亚甲基或亚氨基;
R1选自氢、氘、卤素、氰基、羟基、硝基、氨基、羧基、取代氨基或者取代或非取代的下述基团中的一种或几种:C1-5烷基、C1-5烷氧基或C1-5烷硫基;
R2选自氢、氘、卤素、氰基、羟基、硝基、取代氨基、C2-3烯基、C2-3炔基或者取代或非取代的下述基团中的一种或几种:C1-4烷基、C1-5烷氧基或C1-5烷硫基;
R3选自取代或非取代的下述基团:C1-4烷基或C3-4环烷基,其取代基选自氘、卤素、C1-2烷基或C3-4环烷基;
m为0~3的整数;
n为1~3的整数;
基团G中的取代基选自羟基、氰基、硝基、氨基、羧基或C1-3烷氧基,R1或R2中的取代基选自氘、卤素、氰基、羟基、硝基、氨基、C1-3烷基、C3-4环烷基或C1-3烷氧基。
本发明中的m为2或3时,即代表该化合物中含有两个R1基团,并且这两个R1基团可以相同,也可以分别采用本申请中的R1所限定的不同基团。当R1基团与A1、A2、A3和A4中的一个或多个环原子连接时,且当该环原子为CH时,该环原子处的基团为C-R1。
本发明中的n为2或3时,即代表该化合物中含有两个R2基团,并且这两个R2基团可以相同,也可以分别采用本申请中的R2所限定的不同基团。
含有A1、A2、A3、A4的六元环构成芳香环,优选的,该芳香环为苯环、哒嗪环、嘧啶环、吡嗪环或吡啶环。
在一种优选方案中,A1为CH,A2为CH或N,A3或A4为CH。
在另一种优选方案中,A1和A4为CH,A2和A3分别独立地为CH或N。
在一种方案中,R1选自氢、氘、氟、氯、溴、氰基、羟基、C1-3烷基、C1-3卤代烷基、C1-3氘代烷基、C1-3烷氧基或C1-3氘代烷氧基中的一种或几种;m为0、1、2或3。
在一种优选方案中,R1选自氢、氘、氟、氯、溴、氰基、甲基、乙基、甲氧基、氘代甲氧基、乙氧基中的一种或几种;m为0、1、2或3。
在一种方案中,R2选自氢、氘、卤素、氰基、硝基、乙烯基、乙炔基、C1-2烷基、取代的C1-2烷基、C1-2烷氧基、取代的C1-2烷氧基、C1-2烷硫基、取代的C1-2烷硫基中的一种或几种;其取代基选自氘、卤素、C1-2烷基、C3-4环烷基或C1-3烷氧基;n为1或2。
在一种优选方案中,R2选自氢、氘、卤素、氰基、C1-2烷基、C1-2卤代烷基、C1-2烷氧基或C1-2烷硫基中的一种或几种;n为1或2。
在一种更优选方案中,R2选自溴、氯、氰基中的一种或几种;n为1或2。
在一种方案中,R3选自甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、环丙基或环丁基。
在一种更优选的方案中,本发明的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中化合物选自:
本发明式(I)或式(II)所示结构的化合物的制备方法如下:
取代的吲唑(或吡啶并吡唑)与卤化物反应得到相应的1位取代的化合物(I-A)或2位取代的化合物(II-A)。将上述得到的I-A跟芳基醛反应后得到的产物通过氧化反应、羟基去保护反应得到相应的羟基化合物,该化合物可能为最终产物,也可以通过卤化反应、还原反应或其它反应得到相应的目标产物(I)。将上述得到的II-A跟酰氯反应,然后羟基去保护反应得到相应的羟基化合物,该化合物可能为最终产物,也可以通过卤化反应、还原反应或其它反应得到相应的目标产物(II)。A1、A2、A3、A4、R1、R2和R3的定义如权利要求及发明内容中通式所述。
除非另有说明,下列用在权利要求书和说明书中的术语有如下含义:
“六元芳环”,是指由六个环原子构成的具有共轭的平面环结构稠合环基团,它具有芳性且环原子可以为除碳原子之外的其他原子,即杂原子。当六元芳环中含有杂原子时,该杂原子可以为N、S或O,杂原子的数目并不局限于一个,可以有两个、三个等。本发明中的含有杂原子的六元芳环包括但不限于吡啶环、嘧啶环、吡嗪环等。
“氢”,是指氕(1H),它是氢元素的主要稳定同位素。
“氘”,是指氢的一种稳定形态同位素,也被称为重氢,其元素符号为D。
“卤素”,是指氟原子,氯原子,溴原子或碘原子。
“烷基”,表示1-20个碳原子的饱和的脂烃基,包括直链和支链基团(本申请书中提到的数字范围,例如“1-20”,是指该基团,此时为烷基,可以含1个碳原子、2个碳原子、3个碳原子等,直至包括20个碳原子)。含1-4个碳原子的烷基称为低级烷基。当低级烷基没有取代基时,称其为未取代的低级烷基。更优选的是,烷基是有2-5个碳原子的中等大小的烷基。本发明中的烷基例如甲基、乙基、丙基、2-丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基等。最好是,烷基为有1-4个碳原子的低级烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、2-丙基、正丁基、异丁基或叔丁基等。烷基可以是取代的或未取代的。
“烷氧基”,表示-O-(未取代的烷基)和-O-(未取代的环烷基)基团,其进一步表示-O-(未取代的烷基)。代表性实施例包括但不限于甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、环丙氧基、环丁氧基、环戊氧基、环己氧基等。
“羰基”,表示C=O基团。
“砜基”,表示-S(O)2-基团。
“亚砜基”,表示-S(O)-基团。
“亚甲基”,表示-CH2-基团。
“亚氨基”,表示-NH-基团。
“羟基”,表示-OH基团。
“硝基”,表示-NO2基团。
“氨基”,表示-NH2基团。
“羧基”,表示-COOH基团。
“氰基”,表示-CN基团。
“药学上可接受的盐”,是包含通式(I)的化合物与有机酸或无机酸形成的盐,表示保留母体化合物的生物有效性和性质的那些盐。这类盐包括:
(1)与酸成盐,通过母体化合物的游离碱与无机酸或有机酸的反应而得,无机酸例如(但不限于)盐酸、氢溴酸、硝酸、磷酸、偏磷酸、硫酸、亚硫酸和高氯酸等,有机酸例如(但不限于)乙酸、丙酸、丙烯酸、草酸、(D)或(L)苹果酸、富马酸、马来酸、羟基苯甲酸、γ-羟基丁酸、甲氧基苯甲酸、邻苯二甲酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、萘-1-磺酸、萘-2-磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、水杨酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、扁桃酸、琥珀酸或丙二酸等。
(2)存在于母体化合物中的酸性质子被金属离子代替或者与有机碱配位化合所生成的盐,金属离子例如碱金属离子、碱土金属离子或铝离子,有机碱例如乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、氨丁三醇、N-甲基葡糖胺等。
“药物组合物”,指的是在此描述的一种或多种化合物或者它们的药学上可接受的盐和前药与其它的化学成分,例如药学上可接受的载体和赋形剂的混合物。药物组合物的目的是促进化合物对生物体的给药。
本发明包括一种药物组合物,其包含本发明中任一所述化合物、其药学上可接受的盐或其易水解的前药酯作为活性成分,或者进一步加入其他具有药效活性的化合物作为活性成分之一,辅以药学上可接受的辅料。
本发明的各化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可应用于制备促尿酸排泄药物方面,特别是应用于制备治疗或预防高尿酸血症、肾病或痛风药物方面。实验表明,本发明提供的化合物对HEK293转染细胞中hURAT1转运尿酸具有十分良好的抑制作用,显示该类化合物在治疗高尿酸血症或痛风方面具有良好的应用前景。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明的范围并不局限于下述各实施例。
实施例1:(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-2H-吲唑-3-基)甲酮(6)的合成
步骤A:将含有吲唑(5.00g,42.3mmol)、碘乙烷(13.2g,90.3mmol)、氢氧化钾(5.50g,98.0mmol)和乙醇(60mL)的混合物在65℃下搅拌5小时。冷却到室温,过滤除去不溶物。减压蒸除溶剂,然后加入水(30mL),用二氯甲烷(20mL×3)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:20~1:5洗脱),得2-乙基-2H-吲唑(1)(1.56g)和1-乙基-1H-吲唑(2)(3.06g)。收率分别为25.2%和49.5%。化合物1:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ8.37(s,1H),7.69(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.60(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.24-7.20(m,1H),7.05-7.01(m,1H),4.46(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.51(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。化合物2:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ8.05(s,1H),7.76(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.67(dd,J=0.8,8.4Hz,1H),7.41-7.36(m,1H),7.15-7.11(m,1H),4.45(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.40(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
步骤B:在-70~-80℃下,向化合物1(480mg,3.28mmol)和二异丙胺(432mg,4.27mmol)的无水THF(10mL)溶液中滴入2.5M正丁基锂的正己烷溶液(1.7mL,4.25mmol)。加完后,在该温度下继续搅拌10分钟,然后经过约20分钟缓慢升温到-10~-20℃,再在该温度下继续搅拌15分钟。再次冷却到-70~-80℃,通过注射器加入4-甲氧基苯甲醛(514mg,3.77mmol)。搅拌约15分钟后,自然升温到室温并继续搅拌过夜。加入水(25mL),用乙酸乙酯萃取(20mL×3),合并的有机相用饱和食盐水(15mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:20~1:3洗脱),得(2-乙基-2H-吲唑-3-基)(4-甲氧基苯基)甲醇(3)(536mg)。收率为57.9%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ7.52(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.42(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.30(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.19-7.15(m,1H),6.93-6.89(m,3H),6.35(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),6.30(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),4.40(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.73(s,3H),1.30(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
步骤C:向化合物3(320mg,1.13mmol)的DMSO(10mL)溶液中加入2-碘酰基苯甲酸(416mg,1.49mmol),所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。加入水(40mL),用乙酸乙酯萃取(30mL×3),合并的有机相依次用水(20mL×2)和饱和食盐水(15mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,得(2-乙基-2H-吲唑-3-基)(4-甲氧基苯基)甲酮(4)(275mg)。收率为86.8%。
步骤D:将含有化合物4(267mg,0.952mmol)、1M三溴化硼的甲苯溶液(2.9mL)和二氯甲烷(15mL)的混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。将反应物慢慢倒入到碎冰中(40g),用2M氢氧化钠水溶液调节pH值至6~7,用二氯甲烷(20mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相依次用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(10mL)和饱和食盐水洗涤(10mL),无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,得(2-乙基-2H-吲唑-3-基)(4-羟基苯基)甲酮(5)(200mg)。收率为78.9%。
步骤E:将溴(257mg,1.61mmol)的乙酸溶液(5mL)滴加到化合物5(195mg,0.732mmol)和乙酸钠(180mg,2.19mmol)的乙酸(10mL)溶液中,加完后,所得混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。用亚硫酸氢钠水溶液淬灭反应,然后减压蒸除大部分溶剂。加入水(20mL),有不溶物析出,过滤,滤饼用石油醚/乙酸乙酯重结晶,得(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-2H-吲唑-3-基)甲酮(6)(236mg)。收率为76.0%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ7.95(s,2H),7.82(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.38-7.34(m,1H),7.22-7.18(m,1H),7.12(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),4.69(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.54(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):422.9[M-H]-。
实施例2:2,6-二溴-4-[(2-乙基-2H-吲唑-3-基)羟甲基]苯酚(7)的合成
向化合物6(100mg,0.236mmol)的甲醇(10mL)溶液中加入硼氢化钠(90mg,2.38mmol),加完后,所得混合物在回流下搅拌30分钟,再加入硼氢化钠(90mg,2.38mmol),在回流下继续搅拌1小时。加入水(20mL),用2M柠檬酸水溶液调节pH值至6~7,用乙酸乙酯萃取(20mL×3),合并的有机相用水(20mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:20~1:3洗脱),得2,6-二溴-4-[(2-乙基-2H-吲唑-3-基)羟甲基]苯酚(7)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ9.99(s,1H),7.55(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.51(s,2H),7.38(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.21-7.17(m,1H),6.97-6.93(m,1H),6.51(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),6.35(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),4.43(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.35(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):427.0[M+H]+。
实施例3:(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(1-乙基-1H-吲唑-3-基)甲酮(10)的合成
步骤A:将含有化合物2(2.59g,17.7mmol)、对甲氧基苯甲酰氯(3.02g,17.7mmol)和无水三氯化铝(3.54g,26.6mmol)的混合物在105℃搅拌过夜。冷却到室温,加入水(30mL)和乙酸乙酯(30mL),搅拌约5分钟。分层,水层用乙酸乙酯(10mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相用水(15mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:25~1:15洗脱),得(1-乙基-1H-吲唑-3-基)(4-甲氧基苯基)甲酮(8)(990mg)。收率为21.1%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ8.34-8.29(m,3H),7.88(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.56-7.52(m,1H),7.41-7.37(m,1H),7.15-7.11(m,2H),4.63(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.89(s,3H),1.51(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
步骤B:将含有化合物8(200mg,0.714mmol)、1M三溴化硼的甲苯溶液(2.3mL)和二氯甲烷(5mL)的混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。将反应物慢慢倒入到碎冰中(40g),用2M氢氧化钠水溶液调节pH值至6~7,用二氯甲烷(20mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相依次用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(10mL)和饱和食盐水洗涤(10mL),无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,得(1-乙基-1H-吲唑-3-基)(4-羟基苯基)甲酮(9)(131mg)。收率为68.9%。
步骤C:将溴(236mg,1.48mmol)的乙酸溶液(2mL)滴加到化合物9(106mg,0.398mmol)和乙酸钠(109mg,1.33mmol)的乙酸(3mL)溶液中,所得混合物室温下搅拌过夜。用亚硫酸氢钠水溶液淬灭反应,然后减压蒸除大部分溶剂。加入水(20mL),用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液调节pH值至7~8,用乙酸乙酯萃取(20mL×2),合并的有机相用水(10mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,得(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(1-乙基-1H-吲唑-3-基)甲酮(10)(70mg)。收率为41.4%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ8.53(s,2H),8.28(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.54(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),7.39(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),4.63(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.52(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):422.9[M-H]-。
实施例4:3-(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯甲酰基)-1-乙基-1H-吲唑-5-甲腈(14)的合成
步骤A:在冰水浴下,将选择氟(695mg,1.96mmol)加入到含有化合物8(550mg,1.96mmol)、碘(259mg,1.02mmol)和乙腈(10mL)的混合物中,加完后,所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。加入水(30mL),滴加2M硫代硫酸钠水溶液,直到颜色消失。用乙酸乙酯萃取(20mL×3),合并的有机相依次用水(20mL)和饱和食盐水(20mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,二氯甲烷:石油醚=1:3洗脱),得(1-乙基-5-碘-1H-吲唑-3-基)(4-甲氧基苯基)甲酮(11)(290mg)。收率为36.4%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ8.67(s,1H),8.35(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.82-7.76(m,2H),7.13(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),4.61(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.89(s,3H),1.49(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
步骤B:将含有化合物11(190mg,0.468mmol)、氰化亚铜(187mg,2.09mmol)和DMF(4mL)的混合物在130℃搅拌过夜。冷却到室温,加入乙酸乙酯(20mL),通过硅藻土过滤除去不溶物。加入水(20mL),分层,水层用乙酸乙酯(20mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相依次用水(20mL×2)和饱和食盐水(20mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,得1-乙基-3-(4-甲氧基苯甲酰基)-1H-吲唑-5-甲腈(12)(150mg)粗品。该化合物不经纯化直接用于下一步反应。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ8.72(s,1H),8.37(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),8.13(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.90(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.15(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),4.67(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.90(s,3H),1.51(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。
步骤C:在冰水浴下,将1M三溴化硼的甲苯溶液(2mL)滴加到化合物12(150mg)粗品的二氯甲烷(5mL)溶液中,加完后,所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。将反应物慢慢倒入到冰水中(20mL),用2M氢氧化钠水溶液调节pH值至6~7,用二氯甲烷(20mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相依次用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(10mL)和饱和食盐水洗涤(10mL),无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:20~1:3洗脱),得1-乙基-3-(4-羟基苯甲酰基)-1H-吲唑-5-甲腈(13)(72mg)。步骤B和C两步反应总收率为52.5%。
步骤D:将NBS(97mg,0.545mmol)加入到化合物13(72mg,0.247mmol)的DMF(3mL)溶液中,所得混合物在室温下搅拌1.5小时。加入水(15mL),过滤,滤饼用少量水淋洗,所得固体用乙酸乙酯重结晶,得3-(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯甲酰基)-1-乙基-1H-吲唑-5-甲腈(14)。1HNMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ8.71(s,1H),8.54(s,2H),8.15(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.92(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),4.69(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.53(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):447.9[M-H]-。
实施例5:2,6-二溴-4-[(2-乙基-2H-吲唑-3-基)羟甲基]苯酚(15)的合成
将含有化合物10(150mg,0.354mmol)、硼氢化钠(120mg,3.17mmol)和THF(5mL)的混合物室温搅拌过夜。加入水(20mL),用乙酸乙酯(20mL×2)萃取,合并的有机相用水(10mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,得2,6-二溴-4-[(2-乙基-2H-吲唑-3-基)羟甲基]苯酚(15)(119mg)。收率为78.9%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ9.84(s,1H),7.71(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.61(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.56(s,2H),7.37-7.33(m,1H),7.10-7.06(m,1H),6.23(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),6.02(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),4.40(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.37(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):426.9[M+H]+。
实施例6:(3-溴-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)(2-异丙基-2H-吲唑-3-基)甲酮(21)的合成
步骤A、B、C和D的实验操作按照实施例1中步骤A、B、C和D的制备方法,其中实施例1步骤A中的碘乙烷用溴代异丙烷替代,实施例1步骤B中的4-甲氧基苯甲醛用3-甲基-4-甲氧基苯甲醛替代。化合物20:1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ10.57(s,1H),7.81-7.79(m,1H),7.64(s,1H),7.56-7.53(m,1H),7.34-7.30(m,1H),7.14-7.08(m,2H),6.95-6.93(m,1H),5.30-5.26(m,1H),2.17(s,3H),1.58(d,J=6.4Hz,6H)。
步骤E:将NBS(69mg,0.388mmol)加入到化合物20(95mg,0.323mmol)的DMF(10mL)溶液中,加完后,所得混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。加入水(40mL),用乙酸乙酯(20mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相依次用水(10mL×2)和饱和食盐水(10mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:5洗脱),得(3-溴-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)(2-异丙基-2H-吲唑-3-基)甲酮(21)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ10.26(s,1H),7.84-7.80(m,2H),7.63(s,1H),7.35-7.32(m,1H),7.17-7.14(m,1H),7.08-7.06(m,1H),5.34-5.28(m,1H),2.29(s,3H),1.59(d,J=6.4Hz,6H)。MS(EI,m/z):373.1[M+H]+。
实施例7:2-溴-4-[羟基(2-异丙基-2H-吲唑-3-基)甲基]-6-甲基苯酚(22)的合成
以化合物21为原料,化合物22的合成按照实施例2的方法制备。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ9.05(s,1H),7.56(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.48(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.30(s,1H),7.20-7.16(m,1H),7.03(s,1H),6.96-6.92(m,1H),6.38-6.33(m,2H),5.01-4.96(m,1H),2.17(s,3H),1.43(d,J=6.4Hz,3H),1.31(d,J=6.4Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):375.1[M+H]+。
实施例8:3-溴-5-(2-乙基-2H-吲唑-3-羰基)-2-羟基苯甲腈(28)的合成
步骤A:将含有2-溴-4-羟基苯甲醛(3.0g,14.9mmol)、氰化亚铜(1.74g,19.4mmol)和N-甲基吡咯烷酮(15mL)的混合物在180℃搅拌5小时。冷却到室温,加入乙酸乙酯(50mL)和水(50mL)。通过硅藻土过滤后,分层,水相用乙酸乙酯(40mL×4)萃取,合并的有机相用饱和食盐水(30mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:二氯甲烷=1:15洗脱),得5-甲酰基-2-羟基苯甲腈(23)及少量残留的N-甲基吡咯烷酮,该混合物总重(2.40g),然后直接用于下一步反应。MS(EI,m/z):146.0[M-H]-。
步骤B:在冰水浴下,将氯甲基甲醚(1.26g,15.7mmol)加入到化合物23(2.30g)粗品和二异丙基乙基胺(2.60g,20.1mmol)的二氯甲烷(25mL)溶液中,加完后,所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。加入水(40mL),用二氯甲烷(40mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相用饱和食盐水(30mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,二氯甲烷:石油醚=1:10~20:1洗脱),得5-甲酰基-2-(甲氧基甲氧基)苯甲腈(24)(673mg)。步骤A和B两步反应总收率为24.7%。
步骤C和D的实验操作按照实施例1步骤B和C中的制备方法,得5-(2-乙基-2H-吲唑-3-基)羟甲基-2-(甲氧基甲氧基)苯甲腈(26)。
步骤E:向化合物26(285mg,0.845mmol)的二氯甲烷(5mL)溶液中加入三氟乙酸(1mL),所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。加入水(30mL),用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液调节pH值至7~8,然后用乙酸乙酯(30mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相用饱和食盐水(20mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,得5-(2-乙基-2H-吲唑-3-羰基)-2-羟基苯甲腈(27)(230mg)。收率为93.4%。
步骤F的实验操作按照实施例6步骤E的制备方法,得3-溴-5-(2-乙基-2H-吲唑-3-羰基)-2-羟基苯甲腈(28)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ8.00(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.75(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.68(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.34-7.31(m,2H),7.19-7.15(m,1H),4.59(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.49(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):368.0[M-H]-。
实施例9:(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-2H-吡唑并[3,4-c]吡啶-3-基)甲酮(29)的合成
化合物29的合成按照实施例1的方法制备,其中实施例1步骤A中的吲唑用1H-吡唑并[3,4-c]吡啶替代。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ9.39(s,1H),8.20(d,J=5.6Hz,1H),7.96(s,2H),7.10(d,J=5.6Hz,1H),4.77(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.57(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):424.0[M-H]-。
实施例10:2,6-二溴-4-{氘(2-乙基-2H-吡唑并[3,4-c]吡啶-3-基)羟甲基}苯酚(30)的合成
向化合物29(65mg,0.154mmol)的THF(6mL)溶液中加入硼氘化钠(32mg,0.765mmol),所得混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。加入水(20mL),用2M柠檬酸溶液调节pH值至7~8,然后用乙酸乙酯(20mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相用饱和食盐水(15mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:3~2:1洗脱),得2,6-二溴-4-{氘(2-乙基-2H-吡唑并[3,4-c]吡啶-3-基)羟甲基}苯酚(30)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ10.07(s,1H),9.24(s,1H),7.88(d,J=5.6Hz,1H),7.57-7.55(m,3H),6.74(s,1H),4.61-4.55(m,2H),1.40(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):426.0[M-H]-。
实施例11:(7-溴-2-乙基-6-甲氧基-2H-吲唑-3-基)(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)甲酮(37)的合成
步骤A:将2-氟-4-甲氧基苯甲醛(6.5g,42.2mmol)和85%水合肼(50mL)在120℃封管搅拌30小时。加入水(50mL),用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取,合并的有机相用水(20mL×2)洗涤。然后向有机相中加入水(100mL),用2M盐酸调节pH值至1~2,分层,产品在水相中。水相用2M氢钠化钠溶液调节pH值至8~9,然后用乙酸乙酯(50mL×3)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物用甲基叔丁基醚/石油醚重结晶,得6-甲氧基-1H-吲唑(31)(3.47g)。收率为55.5%。
步骤B:将含有化合物(3.43g,23.2mmol)、碘乙烷(9.06g,58.1mmol)、氢氧化钾(3.41g,60.8mmol)和乙醇(25mL)的混合物在回流下搅拌过夜。减压蒸除大部分溶剂,加入水(40mL),用二氯甲烷(40mL×5)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:20~1:5洗脱),得2-乙基-6-甲氧基-2H-吲唑(32)(1.48g)和1-乙基-6-甲氧基-1H-吲唑(33)(2.44g)。收率分别为36.2%和59.7%。
步骤C、D和E的实验操作按照实施例8步骤C、D和E的制备方法,其中实施例8步骤C中的化合物24用4-甲氧基甲氧基苯甲醛替代,得(2-乙基-6-甲氧基-2H-吲唑-3-基)(4-羟基苯基)甲酮(36)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ10.58(s,1H),7.72-7.68(m,2H),7.11(d,J=4.0Hz,1H),6.98-6.90(m,3H),6.82-6.78(m,1H),4.58(q,J=6.8Hz,2H),3.81(s,3H),1.48(t,J=6.8Hz,3H)。
以化合物36为原料,步骤F的实验操作按照实施例1步骤E的制备方法,得(7-溴-2-乙基-6-甲氧基-2H-吲唑-3-基)(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)甲酮(37)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ7.96(s,2H),7.23(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.11(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.64(q,J=6.8Hz,2H),3.92(s,3H),1.52(t,J=6.8Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):530.8[M-H]-。
实施例12:(7-溴-2-乙基-6-三氘代甲氧基-2H-吲唑-3-基)(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)甲酮(43)的合成
步骤A:将含有化合物32(800mg,4.54mmol)、1M三溴化硼的甲苯溶液(11mL)和二氯甲烷(20mL)的混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。将反应物慢慢倒入到碎冰中(60g),用2M氢氧化钠水溶液调节pH值至6~7,用二氯甲烷(30mL×4)萃取,合并的有机相依次用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(25mL)和饱和食盐水洗涤(20mL),无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,得2-乙基-2H-吲唑-6-醇(38)(710mg)。收率为96.4%。
步骤B:将含有化合物38(500mg,3.08mmol)、碳酸钾(852mg,6.17mmol)、氘代碘甲烷(581mg,4.01mmol)和DMF(10mL)的混合物在30℃搅拌过夜。加入水(40mL),用二氯甲烷(40mL×3)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥。减压蒸除溶剂,产物经柱层析纯化(200~300目硅胶,乙酸乙酯:石油醚=1:15~1:1洗脱),得2-乙基-6-三氘代甲氧基-2H-吲唑(39)(410mg)。收率为81.6%。
步骤C、D、E和F的实验操作按照实施例8步骤C、D、E和F的制备方法,得(7-溴-2-乙基-6-三氘代甲氧基-2H-吲唑-3-基)(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)甲酮(43)。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ7.97(s,2H),7.22(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),7.11(d,J=9.2Hz,1H),4.65(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.52(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):533.9[M-H]-。
实施例13:(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-5-甲基-2H-吲唑-3-基)甲酮(44)的合成
化合物44的合成按照实施例1的方法制备,其中实施例1步骤A中的吲唑用5-甲基吲唑替代。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ7.95(s,2H),7.73(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.21(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),6.90(s,1H),4.66(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.30(s,3H),1.51(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。MS(EI,m/z):436.9[M-H]-。
实施例13:(3,5-二溴-4-羟基苯基)(2-乙基-6-氟-2H-吲唑-3-基)甲酮(45)的合成
化合物45的合成按照实施例1的方法制备,其中实施例1步骤A中的吲唑用6-氟吲唑替代。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,400MHz)δ7.92(s,2H),7.59(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),7.22-7.19(m,1H),7.14-7.10(m,1H),4.65(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.52(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。MS(ESI,m/z):440.9[M-H]-。
实施例14:化合物对HEK293转染细胞株中hURAT1转运尿酸的抑制试验
一、试剂名称及来源:
Zurampic购自成都一超医药科技有限公司;质粒pCMV6-hURAT1购自OrigeneTechnologies,Inc;G418购自生工生物工程股份有限公司;HEK293细胞株购自中国科学院上海生命科学研究院细胞资源中心;多聚赖氨酸购自Sigma-Aldrich Co.LLC;14C-尿酸购自美国American Radiolabeled Chemicals,Inc;葡萄糖酸钠、葡萄糖酸钾、葡萄糖酸钙、KH2PO4、MgSO4、葡萄糖和HEPES购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司;DMEM培养基、胎牛血清购自Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc;
二、试验方法和结果:
1.构建高表达hURAT1的HEK293稳转细胞株:采用质粒pCMV6-hURAT1转染进入HEK293细胞内,再经过G418(终浓度500μg/mL)抗性筛选获得稳转细胞株,其高表达hURAT1转运膜蛋白,可用于体外hURAT1转运尿酸的抑制试验(Weaver YM,Ehresman DJ,ButenhoffJL,et al.Roles of rat renal organic anion transporters in transportingperfluorinated carboxylates with different chain lengths.ToxicologicalSciences,2009,113(2):305-314)。
2.包被24孔板:按200μl/孔加入0.1mg/mL多聚赖氨酸,放置过夜。移去多聚赖氨酸,用无菌水清洗并彻底晾干,待用。
3.将HEK293-hURAT1稳转细胞按2×105个/孔接入包被过的24孔板中,在37℃、5%CO2的条件下培养3天。
4.HBSS的配制:按125mM葡萄糖酸钠、4.8mM葡萄糖酸钾、1.3mM葡萄糖酸钙、1.2mMKH2PO4、1.2mM MgSO4、5.6mM葡萄糖、25mM HEPES的终浓度称取各试剂,再加入去离子水定容至相应体积,并充分混合均匀,即得pH 7.4的HBSS溶液,置冰箱中-20℃保存。
5.实验当天,从冰箱中取出HBSS,水浴加热至37℃。再取出24孔细胞培养板,用HBSS清洗2遍细胞并吸净,再按160μl/孔加入HBSS,并按20μl/孔加入终浓度为500nM试验化合物,做为试验化合物孔;按180μl/孔加入HBSS但不加试验化合物,做为空白对照孔。放置室温下10min。
6.按20μl/孔加入终浓度为50μM的14C尿酸,放置室温下20min。
7.吸净每孔溶液,用预冷的HBSS清洗细胞并吸净。最后加入0.2M NaOH溶解细胞,收集细胞碎片并加入适量闪烁液,然后置PerkinElmer MicroBeta Trilux 1450液体闪烁分析仪上检测同位素14C尿酸的放射强度(CPM值)。
8.在HEK293转染细胞株中,化合物对hURAT1转运尿酸的抑制率计算公式如下所示,试验化合物的CPM值以CPM(试验化合物)表示;空白对照的CPM值以CPM(空白对照)表示。试验化合物均设三次重复,试验结果取平均值,并计算标准偏差SD。试验结果见表1。
三、试验结果
试验化合物与Zurampic相比较,在浓度为500nM下,本发明的化合物(特别是化合物6、7、10、15、28、29、30和44)对HEK293转染细胞中hURAT1转运尿酸具有十分良好的抑制作用。
表1.试验化合物和Zurampic对HEK293转染细胞株中hURAT1转运尿酸的抑制率
Claims (7)
1.式(I)所示结构的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中,
A1为CH,A2为CH,A3为CH或N,A4为CH;
G为羰基或羟基取代的亚甲基;
R1选自氢、氘、卤素、氰基或者取代或非取代的C1-5烷基;
R2选自卤素或氰基;
R3选自C1-4烷基;
m为0或1
n为2;
R1中的取代基选自氘或卤素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R1选自氢、氘、氟、氯、溴、氰基、C1-3烷基、C1-3卤代烷基或C1-3氘代烷基中的一种或几种;m为0或1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中R3选自甲基、乙基、正丙基或异丙基。
4.化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中化合物选自:
。
5.一种药物组合物,其以权利要求1~4中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐为活性成分,辅以药学上可接受的辅料。
6.权利要求1~4中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备促尿酸排泄药物方面的应用。
7.权利要求1~4中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备治疗或预防高尿酸血症、肾病或痛风药物方面的应用。
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