CN114108187B - A kind of mixed filament superfine fiber nonwoven material and its preparation method and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrafine fiber nonwoven materials, and provides a method for preparing a mixed fiber filament ultrafine fiber nonwoven material. By controlling the viscosity of polymer B to be lower than that of polymer C, polymer B is realized Polymer C is coated to obtain sea-island fibers; polymer B, which is different from polymer A and polymer C, can dissolve all polymer B during the extraction process, and realize sea-island fibers and The fiber diameter of the sea-island fiber is effectively reduced while the split-type fiber is combined, and the close accumulation of the split-fiber is avoided, and the size effect and surface effect of the nonwoven material are improved. The results of the examples show that the air permeability of the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber nonwoven material prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention is 550mm/s, the moisture permeability is 6000g/(m ² ·24h), the thickness is 0.34mm, and the softness is 5.2mm.

Description

A kind of mixed filament superfine fiber nonwoven material and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of ultrafine fiber nonwoven materials, in particular to a mixed fiber filament ultrafine fiber nonwoven material and its preparation method and application.

Background technique

Due to the size effect and surface effect brought about by the thinning of fiber diameter, ultrafine fiber nonwoven materials have the characteristics of large specific surface area, high porosity, and good pore connectivity. They have been widely used in medical and health care, filtration and separation, safety protection, Fields such as vehicles and geotechnical construction have become an important part of the current strategic new materials, and are the focus and foreword of the global fiber material field.

At present, the preparation methods of ultrafine fiber nonwoven materials mainly include melt blown method, electrospinning method, flash method and composite spinning method. Among them, the composite spinning method is more commonly used, and the composite spinning method includes the sea-island type and the split type-(hollow) orange-petal type/m-shaped type. However, in the prior art, there is no relevant report about combining island-in-the-sea fibers and splitting fibers into ultrafine fiber nonwoven materials.

Existing literature (preparation and performance of superfine fiber synthetic leather base cloth, Duo Yongchao et al., Textile Journal, September 2020) discloses the use of superfine fiber to prepare synthetic leather base cloth. Spun-bonded polyester/polyamide 6 composite fibers (fiber diameter after splitting: 4-5 μm) and electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (average fiber diameter: 120nm) are blended, carded, and hydroentangled to obtain micro/nanofiber composites nonwoven material. This document also discloses the combination of split-type fibers and electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers into nonwoven materials, but there is no record about combining split-type fibers and sea-island fibers into ultrafine fiber nonwoven materials.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of blended filament superfine fiber nonwoven material and its preparation method and application, the blended filament superfine fiber nonwoven material prepared by the preparation method provided by the present invention is made of sea-island type fiber and split type fiber Composite and has the advantages of moisture permeability, softness and breathability.

In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a kind of preparation method of mixed filament superfine fiber nonwoven material, comprises the following steps:

(1) Polymer A is melted to obtain the first melt;

(2) Polymer B and polymer C are mixed and melted to obtain a second melt; the polymer B is different from polymer A and polymer C; the viscosity of the polymer B is lower than that of polymer C viscosity;

(3) the first melt obtained in the step (1) and the second melt obtained in the step (2) are respectively passed through the spinneret and composited into matrix fibril type composite filaments, and then formed into a web, Obtain matrix fibril type composite filament fiber network;

(4) The matrix fibril-type composite filament fiber web obtained in the step (3) is sequentially opened and consolidated to obtain a split-off composite fiber nonwoven material;

(5) The split-type composite fiber nonwoven material obtained in the step (4) is sequentially extracted, shaped and wound to obtain a mixed fiber filament ultrafine fiber nonwoven material.

Preferably, the polymer A in the step (1) includes polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene or derivatives thereof.

Preferably, the polymer B in the step (2) includes low-density polyethylene, cellulose acetate butyrate or cellulose acetate propionate.

Preferably, the polymer C in the step (2) includes polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyphenylene sulfide, vinyl alcohol-ethylene copolymer or derivatives thereof .

Preferably, the mass ratio of polymer B and polymer C in the step (2) is (2-8): (2-8); the first melt and the second melt in the step (3) The mass ratio is (2-5): (5-8).

Preferably, the matrix fibril-type composite filaments in the step (3) include alternately arranged split-type fibers and sea-island fibers; the number of petals of the split-type fibers is 8 to 128; the sea-island type The islands in the fibers are indeterminate islands.

Preferably, the detachable composite fiber nonwoven material in the step (4) comprises segmental segmented fiber M1 and segmental segmental fiber M2; the segmental segmental fiber M1 is composed of polymer A, segmental segmental fiber The diameter of M1 is 3000-10000nm; the composition of the segmented-segmented fiber M2 is polymer B and polymer C, and the diameter of the segmented-segmented fiber M2 is 3000-5000nm.

Preferably, the extractant used in the extraction in the step (5) includes NaOH solution, toluene or benzene.

The present invention provides a mixed fiber filament ultrafine fiber nonwoven material prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution, and the mixed fiber filament ultrafine fiber nonwoven material includes two or more ultrafine fibers with different diameters, so The diameter difference of the superfine fibers with different diameters is 1000-9900nm.

The present invention also provides the application of the blended filament ultrafine fiber nonwoven material described in the above technical solution in synthetic leather, separation and purification, biomedicine, sensing or energy.

The invention provides a method for preparing a mixed filament superfine fiber nonwoven material, comprising the following steps: melting polymer A to obtain a first melt; mixing polymer B and polymer C and melting to obtain a second melt Melt; the polymer B is different from polymer A and polymer C; the viscosity of the polymer B is lower than that of polymer C; the first melt and the second melt are passed through the spinneret respectively Afterwards, it is compounded into matrix fibril type composite filaments, and then formed into a web to obtain matrix fibril type composite filament fiber webs; the matrix fibril type composite filament fiber webs are sequentially opened and consolidated to obtain split-off composite fibers Non-woven material: the split-type composite fiber non-woven material is extracted, shaped and wound in sequence to obtain a mixed fiber filament ultra-fine fiber non-woven material. The present invention uses three kinds of polymers as raw materials, and obtains a non-woven material composed of sea-island fibers and split fibers through spinning, web forming, fiber opening, consolidation and extraction, and includes two or two More than one kind of ultrafine fibers with different diameters, among which the ultrafine fibers with large diameters bear the main mechanical properties, and the ultrafine fibers with small diameters endow the mixed filament ultrafine fiber nonwoven materials with softness, water absorption, moisture permeability, visual effects and other characteristics. In the present invention, by controlling the viscosity of polymer B to be lower than that of polymer C, the coating of polymer B to polymer C is realized, thereby obtaining sea-island fibers; Polymer B, so that all polymer B can be dissolved during the extraction process, which realizes the composite of sea-island fibers and split fibers, effectively reduces the fiber diameter of sea-island fibers, and avoids the close accumulation of split fibers , which improves the size effect and surface effect of nonwoven materials. The results of the examples show that the air permeability of the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber nonwoven material prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention is 550mm/s, the moisture permeability is 6000g/(m ² ·24h), the thickness is 0.34mm, and the softness is 5.2mm.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the device schematic diagram that process route of the present invention adopts;

1, 1-1-hopper; 2, 2-2-screw extruder; 3, 3-2-metering pump; 4-spinning assembly; 5-side cooling air; 6-drawer; 7- Web curtain; 8-negative pressure suction; 9-filament fiber web; 10-fiber opening device; 11-guide roller; 12-reduction tank; 13-drying box; 14-winding device;

Fig. 2 is the schematic structural view of spinning assembly in the device that process route of the present invention adopts;

Wherein 41-feeding plate, 41a, 41b-feeding hole; 42-deflector; 421a, 421b-runner; 422-guiding ditch; 423-guiding hole; 43-spinneret; 431-spinning Plate introduction hole; 432-spinneret narrowing hole; 433-spinning hole;

Fig. 3 is the sectional view of the matrix fibril type composite filament fiber prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the SEM image of the section of the mixed filament ultrafine fiber nonwoven material prepared in Example 2 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The invention provides a kind of preparation method of mixed filament superfine fiber nonwoven material, comprises the following steps:

(1) Polymer A is melted to obtain the first melt;

(2) Polymer B and polymer C are mixed and melted to obtain a second melt; the polymer B is different from polymer A and polymer C; the viscosity of the polymer B is lower than that of polymer C viscosity;

(3) the first melt obtained in the step (1) and the second melt obtained in the step (2) are respectively passed through the spinneret and composited into matrix fibril type composite filaments, and then formed into a web, Obtain matrix fibril type composite filament fiber network;

(4) The matrix fibril-type composite filament fiber web obtained in the step (3) is sequentially opened and consolidated to obtain a split-off composite fiber nonwoven material;

(5) The split-type composite fiber nonwoven material obtained in the step (4) is sequentially extracted, shaped and wound to obtain a mixed fiber filament ultrafine fiber nonwoven material.

In the present invention, polymer A is melted to obtain a first melt. In the present invention, the polymer A is made into a melt by melting, which is convenient for spinning.

In the present invention, the polymer A preferably includes polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene or derivatives thereof, more preferably polyethylene terephthalate Alcohol esters, polyamides or acrylonitrile. In the present invention, the above-mentioned substances are preferably used as the polymer A, which is beneficial to obtain a mixed-fiber filament ultrafine fiber nonwoven material with good mechanical properties.

In the present invention, there is no special limitation on the melting operation of the polymer A, and the method of melting the polymer well known to those skilled in the art can be used. In the present invention, the equipment used for the melting is preferably a single-screw extruder; the melting method is preferably segmental melting. In the present invention, the melting temperature is controlled according to the type of polymer A.

In the present invention, polymer B and polymer C are mixed and then melted to obtain a second melt. In the present invention, the polymer B and the polymer C are mixed and then melted to realize the coating of the polymer B on the polymer C, thereby obtaining the sea-island fiber.

In the present invention, the polymer B is different from both the polymer A and the polymer C. In the present invention, by using polymer B different from polymer A and polymer C, all polymer B can be dissolved in the extraction process, and the combination of sea-island fibers and split fibers is effectively reduced. The fiber diameter of island-in-the-sea fibers improves the size effect and surface effect of nonwoven materials.

In the present invention, the viscosity of polymer B is lower than that of polymer C. In the present invention, by controlling the viscosity of the polymer B to be lower than that of the polymer C, the coating of the polymer B on the polymer C is realized, thereby obtaining sea-island fibers. In the present invention, the viscosity difference between the polymer B and the polymer C is preferably 1.5-2.5 Pa·s.

In the present invention, the melting point of the polymer B is preferably close to that of the polymer C. In the present invention, the island-in-sea fibers are preferably prepared by using polymer B and polymer C with similar melting points, which is beneficial to simplify the melting process.

In the present invention, the apparent viscosity ratio of the polymer A and the polymer B is preferably 0.8-1.2, more preferably 0.8-1.0. In the present invention, the apparent viscosity of the polymer A and the polymer B affects the spinning process, and the viscosity of the two polymers during melt spinning should be similar, which is conducive to both reaching the spinneret of the spinneret at the same time When the two polymers are combined, a flat interface is formed, which is more conducive to the splitting of fibers.

In the present invention, the polymer B preferably includes low density polyethylene, cellulose acetate butyrate or cellulose acetate propionate, more preferably low density polyethylene or cellulose acetate butyrate. In the present invention, the above-mentioned substances are preferably used as the polymer B, which is beneficial to realize the rapid dissolution of the polymer B during the extraction process, thereby reducing the fiber diameter of the island-in-the-sea fibers and improving the size effect and surface effect of the nonwoven material.

In the present invention, the polymer C preferably includes polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyphenylene sulfide, vinyl alcohol-ethylene copolymer or derivatives thereof, more preferably It is polyamide, polystyrene or polyphenylene sulfide. In a particular embodiment of the invention, the polyamide is preferably polyamide 6. The present invention preferably adopts the above-mentioned substance as the polymer C, which is beneficial to obtain a soft, water-absorbing, and moisture-permeable blended filament ultrafine fiber nonwoven material.

In the present invention, the mass ratio of the polymer B to the polymer C is preferably (2-8):(2-8), more preferably (3-4):(6-7).

In the present invention, there is no special limitation on the melting operation after mixing the polymers B and C, and the method of melting polymers well known to those skilled in the art can be used. In the present invention, the equipment used for the melting is preferably a twin-screw extruder; the melting method is preferably segmental melting. In the present invention, the melting temperature is controlled according to the types of polymer B and polymer C.

After the first melt and the second melt are obtained, the present invention passes the first melt and the second melt respectively through the spinneret and composites them into matrix fibril type composite filaments, and then forms a network to obtain the matrix original Fiber-type composite filament fiber web.

In the present invention, the first melt and the second melt are respectively passed through a spinneret to obtain matrix fibril-type composite filament precursors. In the present invention, after the first melt and the second melt pass through the spinneret respectively, alternately arranged split-type fibers and sea-island fibers are obtained. In the present invention, the hole pattern of the spinneret is preferably 8 to 128 hollow orange segments, more preferably 8 or 16 hollow orange segments; the 16 hollow segmented orange segments are preferably 8+8 type; the number of holes in the spinneret is preferably 2000-2500 holes/m.

In the present invention, the mass ratio of the first melt to the second melt is preferably (2-5):(5-8), more preferably (3-5):(5-6).

After the matrix fibril type composite filament precursor is obtained, the present invention composites the matrix fibril type composite filament precursor. In the present invention, the matrix fibril-type composite filament precursor is preferably sequentially passed through the spinneret narrowing hole and the spinneret hole to realize the composite.

After the compounding is completed, the present invention preferably draws the compounded product to obtain matrix fibril-type composite filaments. In the present invention, the device used for the drafting is preferably a tubular drafter; the speed of the drafting is preferably 5000-6000 m/s; the pressure of the drafting is preferably 4.2-4.5 bar. In the present invention, the drawing is preferably carried out under the action of cooling wind; the blowing mode of the cooling wind is preferably side blowing; the pressure of the cooling wind is preferably 550-600Pa; the temperature of the cooling wind is preferably 15-18°C; the humidity of the cooling air is preferably 70-75%; the equipment blowing out the cooling air is preferably an air conditioner.

In the present invention, the matrix fibril-type composite filament preferably includes split-type fibers and sea-island fibers arranged alternately. In the present invention, the component of the split-type fiber is preferably polymer A; the number of petals of the split-type fiber is preferably 8-128, more preferably 8-16, and most preferably 16. In the present invention, the structure of the split-type fiber is preferably a hollow structure. In the present invention, the number of petals of the split-type fibers is preferably controlled by a spinneret.

In the present invention, the components of the sea-island fibers are preferably polymer B and polymer C; the islands in the sea-island fibers are preferably indefinite islands. The present invention preferably adopts an island-in-the-sea spinning method to prepare island-in-the-sea fibers. Compared with the traditional island-in-the-sea spinning method, it has the advantages of low spinning speed and small draft ratio, and is suitable for most thermoplastic polymers.

After the matrix fibril type composite filaments are obtained, the present invention forms the matrix fibril type composite filaments into a web to obtain a matrix fibril type composite filament fiber web.

In the present invention, there is no special limitation on the operation of forming a network, and the method of forming a network well known to those skilled in the art can be used. The present invention preferably realizes the web formation by means of a web forming curtain. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the grammage of the matrix fibril-type composite filament fiber web is preferably 100 g/m ² .

After the matrix fibril type composite filament fiber web is obtained, the present invention sequentially performs fiber opening and consolidation on the matrix fibril type composite filament fiber web to obtain a split-off type composite fiber nonwoven material. The invention splits the matrix fibril type composite filament into two kinds of fibers with different diameters through fiber opening, and at the same time achieves the purpose of consolidating the fiber net.

In the present invention, there is no special limitation on the fiber-opening operation, and the technical solution of fiber-opening well-known to those skilled in the art can be adopted. In the present invention, the fiber opening is preferably needle punching and hydroentanglement.

In the present invention, the acupuncture pressure is preferably 5 MPa. In the present invention, the spunlace preferably uses four zones to control the spunlace pressure, and the pressures of each zone are: 10 MPa in zone 1, 15 MPa in zone 2, 15 MPa in zone 3, and 10 MPa in zone 4.

In the present invention, the split-type composite fiber nonwoven material preferably includes segmental segment fibers M1 and segments segmental fibers M2. In the present invention, the component of the segmented segmented fiber M1 is preferably polymer A; the segmental segmented fiber M1 preferably has a diameter of 3000-10000 nm, more preferably 3000-5000 nm. In the present invention, the composition of the segmented segmented fiber M2 is preferably polymer B and polymer C; the segmental segmented fiber M2 preferably has a diameter of 3000-5000 nm, more preferably 3000-4000 nm.

After the split-type composite fiber non-woven material is obtained, the invention sequentially extracts, shapes and winds the split-type composite fiber non-woven material to obtain the mixed-fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material.

In the present invention, the extractant used in the extraction preferably includes NaOH solution, toluene or benzene, more preferably NaOH solution.

The present invention dissolves all polymer B by extraction. In the present invention, the extraction time is preferably 10-30 min, more preferably 20-30 min.

In the present invention, when the polymer B is completely dissolved, the obtained mixed fiber filament ultrafine fiber nonwoven material preferably includes segmental-shaped fibers and round fibers; The surface and the interior of its aggregates form a plush and release structure. In the present invention, the component of the segmented pie fiber is preferably polymer A; the diameter of the segmented segmented fiber is preferably 3000-10000 nm, more preferably 3000-5000 nm. In the present invention, the component of the round fiber is preferably polymer C; the diameter of the round fiber is preferably 100-2000 nm, more preferably 100-1500 nm.

In the present invention, the setting temperature is preferably 100-150° C.; the setting time is preferably 30-50 minutes.

The structural diagram of the device used in the preparation method of the mixed filament superfine fiber nonwoven material provided by the present invention is as shown in Figure 1, the polymer A is fed from the hopper, and forms the first melt through the screw extruder, polymer B and Polymer C is fed from another hopper and passes through the screw extruder to form the second melt; the first melt and the second melt respectively enter the spinning assembly through the metering pump to achieve compounding, and then pass through the drafter to achieve drafting. stretching, and then form a filament fiber web on the web forming curtain, and then send it to the fiber opening device for fiber opening and consolidation, and then use the guide roller to guide it into the weight reduction tank containing the extraction agent for extraction. After the extraction is completed, enter It is shaped in a drying box, and finally passed through a winding device to obtain a mixed fiber filament superfine fiber nonwoven material.

The structural diagram of the spinning assembly in the device used in the preparation method provided by the present invention is shown in Figure 2. After the first melt and the second melt pass through the metering pump, they enter the feed port and the flow channel in sequence, and then pass through the guide The groove guides the melt into the diversion hole, and then flows into the spinneret inlet hole to produce split fibers and island-in-the-sea fibers. Finally, the composite of the two is realized through the spinneret narrowing holes and spinneret holes, and then the matrix is obtained. Fibril type composite filament precursor.

The present invention uses three kinds of polymers as raw materials, and obtains a non-woven material composed of sea-island fibers and split fibers through spinning, web forming, fiber opening, consolidation and extraction, and includes two or two More than one kind of superfine fiber with different diameters, among which the superfine fiber with large diameter bears the main mechanical properties, and the superfine fiber with small diameter endows the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber nonwoven material with softness, water absorption, moisture permeability, visual effects and other characteristics; By controlling the viscosity of polymer B to be lower than that of polymer C, the coating of polymer B on polymer C is realized, thereby obtaining sea-island fibers; using a polymer different from polymer A and polymer C B, so that all the polymer B can be dissolved during the extraction process, realizing the combination of sea-island fibers and split fibers while effectively reducing the fiber diameter of sea-island fibers, and avoiding the close accumulation of split fibers, improving Size effect and surface effect of nonwoven materials.

The present invention provides a mixed fiber filament ultrafine fiber nonwoven material prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution. The mixed fiber filament ultrafine fiber nonwoven material includes two or more ultrafine fibers with different diameters.

The mixed filament ultrafine fiber nonwoven material provided by the present invention includes two or more ultrafine fibers with different diameters. The ultrafine fibers with large diameters bear the main mechanical properties, and the ultrafine fibers with small diameters endow the mixed filaments with superfine fibers. Fine fiber non-woven materials have the characteristics of softness, water absorption, moisture permeability, and visual effects.

In the present invention, the diameter difference of the ultrafine fibers with different diameters is 1000-9900 nm, preferably 1500-4000 nm.

The present invention also provides the application of the blended filament ultrafine fiber nonwoven material described in the above technical solution in synthetic leather, separation and purification, biomedicine, sensing or energy.

The present invention has no special limitation on the application method of the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber nonwoven material in synthetic leather, separation and purification, biomedicine, sensing or energy, and adopts the nonwoven material well-known to those skilled in the art in the synthesis Application methods in leather, separation and purification, biomedicine, sensing or energy.

The technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Mixed fiber filament superfine fiber nonwoven material, composed of polyethylene terephthalate fiber with orange segment shape and diameter of 3000-5000nm and polyethylene terephthalate fiber with round shape of cross-section and diameter of 100-1500nm Composed of polyamide 6 fibers.

Preparation Process:

(1) Add polyethylene terephthalate to a single-screw extruder through a hopper for segmental melting to obtain a first melt; wherein, the temperature of segmental melting is 295° C.;

(2) After mixing low-density polyethylene and polyamide 6 in a mass ratio of 7:3, they are added to a twin-screw extruder through another hopper for segmental melting to obtain a second melt; wherein, the segmental melting The temperature is 270 ° C; the viscosity difference between low-density polyethylene and polyamide 6 is 2.05 Pa s; the apparent viscosity ratio of polyethylene terephthalate and low-density polyethylene is 1.0;

(3) The first melt that step (1) obtains and the second melt that step (2) obtains pass respectively through the metering pump and flow into the spinning assembly, and pass through the spinneret (spinneret) in the spinning assembly The specifications are: 8+8 hollow orange segment type, 2000 holes/m), forming splitting fibers and island-in-the-sea fibers, and then through the spinneret in the spinning assembly to narrow the holes and spinneret holes to realize splitting fibers Composite with island-in-the-sea fibers, and then draw under the action of side-blown cooling air to form matrix fibril composite filaments, and finally lay the net evenly on the web-forming curtain to obtain matrix raw fibers with a grammage of 100g/m ² Fiber type composite filament fiber net; Wherein, the mass ratio of the first melt and the second melt is 5:5, and the petal number of split-off type fiber is 16 petals, and the island in the island-in-the-sea fiber is an indeterminate island; drafting The speed is 5000m/s, the drafting pressure is 4.2bar; the pressure of the cooling air is 550Pa, the temperature of the cooling air is 15°C, and the humidity of the cooling air is 70%;

(4) The matrix fibril type composite filament fiber web obtained in step (3) is subjected to acupuncture and spunlace successively after prewetting to obtain a split-type composite fiber network composed of segmental segmented fiber M1 and segmental segmental segmental fiber M2. Fibrous non-woven materials; wherein, the composition of segmental segment fiber M1 is polymer A, with a diameter of 3000-5000 nm, and segmental segmental fiber M2 is composed of polymer B and polymer C, with a diameter of 3000-4000 nm; The pressure is 5MPa, and the pressure of spunlace is: 10MPa in zone 1, 15MPa in zone 2, 15MPa in zone 3, and 10MPa in zone 4;

(5) Extract the split-type composite fiber nonwoven material obtained in step (4) in a circulating extraction device equipped with NaOH solution for 25 minutes, and after polymer B is completely dissolved, dry the nonwoven material at 100° C. for 30 minutes , and wind up to obtain the mixed filament superfine fiber nonwoven material.

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the matrix fibril type composite filament prepared in this example. As can be seen from Figure 3, in the matrix fibrillar composite filaments prepared in this example, split-off fibers and sea-island fibers are arranged alternately, the cross-section of split-off fibers is orange-shaped, and the cross-section of sea-island fibers is island-in-sea The cross-section of the island in the sea-island fiber is circular.

Example 2

Mixed fiber filament superfine fiber nonwoven material, composed of polyethylene terephthalate fiber with orange segment shape and diameter of 3000-5000nm and polyethylene terephthalate fiber with round shape of cross-section and diameter of 100-1500nm Polyamide 6 fiber composition;

The difference from Example 1 is that the low-density polyethylene is replaced by cellulose acetate butyrate.

Fig. 4 is the SEM picture of the section of the mixed filament superfine fiber nonwoven material prepared in this embodiment. It can be seen from Figure 4 that the segmental-shaped fibers are uniformly mixed with the round fibers to form a mixed-fiber filament ultrafine fiber nonwoven material.

Example 3

Mixed filament superfine fiber non-woven material, composed of polyethylene terephthalate fiber with orange segment shape and diameter of 5000-10000nm and polyethylene terephthalate fiber with round shape of cross-section and diameter of 200-2000nm Polyamide 6 fiber composition;

The difference from Example 1 is that the number of petals is replaced by hollow 16 petals to hollow 8 petals, and the mass ratio of low-density polyethylene to polyamide 6 is replaced from 7:3 to 6:4.

comparative example

(1) The polyethylene terephthalate slices and the polyamide 6 slices are conveyed and dried respectively (wherein, the drying temperature of the polyethylene terephthalate is 140° C., and the drying temperature of the polyamide 6 is 60°C), screw extruder extrusion melting (the melting temperature of polyethylene terephthalate is 275-285°C, the melting temperature of polyamide 6 is 253-268°C), filter filtration, metering pump quantitative (The mass ratio of polyamide 6 of polyethylene terephthalate is 7:3) and then sent into the spinning box at 280°C, and sprayed out through the spinneret in sequence (the specification of the spinneret is: 8 +8 hollow orange segment type, 2000 holes/m), side blowing cooling (pressure 600Pa, temperature 15°C, humidity 70%) and tubular drafter drafting (drawing pressure 4.2bar, drafting The speed is 5000m/s), to obtain composite filaments, and then the composite filaments are evenly laid on the mesh curtain to form a fiber web;

(2) After the fiber web obtained in step (1) is pre-humidified, spunlace is carried out three times, and finally dried (the drying equipment is a six-circular mesh dryer, and the drying method is hot air penetration, drying The dry heating method is heat conduction oil heating), edge trimming and winding to obtain a two-component spunbond spunlace superfine fiber nonwoven material with a grammage of 85g/ ^m2 .

According to NFG52-033-2012 "Measurement of Softness in Physical and Mechanical Tests of Leather", the nonwoven materials prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples were tested for softness, according to GB/T 24218.3-2010 "Test Method for Textile Nonwovens" Part 3: Determination of breaking strength and elongation at break "Test the tensile strength and elongation at break of the nonwoven materials prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples, according to GB/T 24218.15-2018 "Textile Nonwovens Cloth Test Method Part 15: Determination of Air Permeability "Test the air permeability of the non-woven materials prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example according to GB/T12704.2-200% "Test Method for Moisture Permeability of Textile Fabrics Part 2 : Evaporation method "The non-woven material that embodiment 1～3 and comparative example prepare carries out moisture permeability test.

The performance of the nonwoven material prepared by table 1 embodiment 1～3 and comparative example

As can be seen from the above examples, the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber nonwoven material prepared by the preparation method provided by the present invention is composed of split-type fibers and sea-island fibers, and has good moisture permeability, softness and air permeability , the air permeability is 550mm/s, the moisture permeability is 6000g/(m ² ·24h), the thickness is 0.34mm, and the softness is 5.2mm.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications can also be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of a mixed fiber filament ultrafine fiber non-woven material comprises the following steps:

(1) Melting the polymer A to obtain a first melt;

(2) Mixing and melting the polymer B and the polymer C to obtain a second melt; the polymer B is different from the polymer A and the polymer C; the viscosity of polymer B is lower than the viscosity of polymer C;

(3) Respectively enabling the first melt obtained in the step (1) and the second melt obtained in the step (2) to pass through a spinneret plate and then compounding into matrix fibril type composite filaments, and then forming a net to obtain a matrix fibril type composite filament fiber net; the matrix fibril type composite filament comprises split type fibers and sea-island type fibers which are alternately arranged; the number of the split-type fibers is 8-128; the islands in the sea-island fiber are indefinite islands;

(4) Sequentially splitting and consolidating the matrix fibril type composite filament fiber web obtained in the step (3) to obtain a split type composite fiber non-woven material; the split type composite fiber non-woven material comprises orange segment type fibers M1 and orange segment type fibers M2; the orange petal type fiber M1 is composed of a polymer A, and the diameter of the orange petal type fiber M1 is 3000-10000 nm; the orange petal type fiber M2 comprises a polymer B and a polymer C, and the diameter of the orange petal type fiber M2 is 3000-5000 nm;

(5) And (4) sequentially extracting, shaping and winding the split type composite fiber non-woven material obtained in the step (4) to obtain the mixed fiber filament superfine fiber non-woven material.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymer A in the step (1) comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene or a derivative thereof.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymer B in the step (2) comprises low density polyethylene, cellulose acetate butyrate or cellulose acetate propionate.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polymer C in the step (2) comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyphenylene sulfide, vinyl alcohol-ethylene copolymer or a derivative thereof.

5. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the polymer B to the polymer C in the step (2) is (2 to 8): (2-8); the mass ratio of the first melt to the second melt in the step (3) is (2-5): (5-8).

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the extractant used in the extraction in the step (5) comprises NaOH solution, toluene or benzene.

7. The mixed filament microfiber nonwoven material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising two or more microfibers of different diameters, wherein the difference in diameter between the microfibers of different diameters is 1000 to 9900nm.

8. The use of the hybrid filament microfiber nonwoven material of claim 7 in synthetic leather, separation and purification, biomedical applications, sensing or energy sources.

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