CN103718908B - Method for cultivating seedlings of prunus maritime root suckers - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant vegetative propagation, and in particular relates to a method for growing seedlings of Prunus japonica. The present invention is a new technology for growing seedlings of characteristic forest fruits, which is suitable for raising seedlings of introduced sage plums. The seedling raising methods include digging → cutting roots → managing root tiller seedlings → dividing roots, tempering seedlings → transplanting and returning to gardens. According to this method, the survival rate of the seedlings is high, and the seedlings are returned to the nursery in the same year, labor and time are saved, the cycle is short, the cost is low, the effect is quick, and the effect is high. It is an advanced technology for raising seedlings of the plum.

Description

A kind of method for raising seedlings of plum root tiller

1. Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant vegetative propagation, and in particular relates to a method for growing seedlings of Prunus japonica.

2. Background technology

Prunus maritima is a perennial characteristic forest fruit of the genus Prunus in the family Rosaceae. It is native to the Atlantic coast of the northeastern United States. Binmei combines fresh fruit, medicine and ornamental value. It has various resistances such as salt tolerance, drought tolerance, and barrenness tolerance. It has relatively high productivity and economic value, and is suitable for large-scale introduction and promotion. It has been successfully introduced in China, but the bottleneck of propagule supply has greatly restricted its promotion and cultivation in my country. The research team led by Nanjing University has made remarkable progress in the breeding of cell engineering seedlings, but there are still problems such as high cost and low survival rate of tissue culture seedlings in the field. Cutting is another means of rapid propagation of sage plum seedlings, but the common cutting method is not easy to take root, and the management technology requirements are very high, and the efficiency is low. The practice of introduction shows that Lime plum has a strong ability to regenerate roots and tillers. The root tiller rate of 3-year-old seedlings on tidal flat saline soil is 2.45-2.87, and the survival rate of ramets transplanted is 93-98%. Therefore, large-scale breeding through the low-cost and easy-to-operate root tiller seedling raising technology is undoubtedly a high-efficiency and low-cost seedling selection method.

3. Contents of the invention

The problem to be solved by the present invention is: to overcome the problems of high cost, low survival rate, complicated seedling stage management and the like in the process of tissue culture and cutting seedling raising, and provide a method for raising seedlings of plum root tiller.

The specific technical scheme of the present invention is: the present invention aims at the problems of high cost, low survival rate, and complicated seedling management in the process of tissue culture and cutting seedlings of Lime plum, and has invented the method of "digging → cutting roots → managing root tiller seedlings → dividing roots". Seedling hardening and transplanting back to the nursery" method for raising seedlings of Prunus japonica. In the process of raising seedlings of Prunus chinensis, the problems of high cost, complicated seedling management, and low survival rate were solved, the supply conditions of water and nutrients (especially nitrogen and phosphorus) were improved, and the roots and stems of Prunus chinensis seedlings were strengthened. , The growth and rejuvenation of leaves significantly improved the survival rate of transplanting, and laid a solid foundation for the cultivation and promotion of characteristic Linguo binmei seedlings.

The present invention compares with prior art, and its beneficial effect is:

The seedlings of the hamster root tiller have high reproduction coefficient, high survival rate, low cost and can maintain the traits of the parent, saving labor and time. Typical problems often appear in the process of tissue culture or cutting propagation of berry plums are: complicated management at the seedling stage, high cost and low survival rate. Using the invention can effectively solve the above problems, significantly improve the survival rate, and the seedlings have strong stress resistance. The innovations of the present invention mainly contain the following points: 1. pre-treatment method for root removal, 2. root removal method, and 3. seedling stage management method. The survival rate of the root tiller seedlings using the present invention can reach more than 95%, and the survival rate of transplanting in the field can reach more than 98%, which truly realizes the advantages of asexual and rapid propagation of the plum seedlings and provides a reliable guarantee for its large-scale popularization and cultivation.

4. Specific implementation

① Trench digging: From late March to early April, dig a circular ditch around the crown of the 3-year-old Plum tree. The distance between the circular ditch and the trunk of the mother tree is 1.2m, the depth of the ditch is 40cm, and the width of the ditch is 30cm.

②Root cutting: During the process of digging the circular ditch, cut off the lateral roots of 0.5-1cm in diameter, and do not move the lateral roots and main roots with a diameter greater than 1cm; use a sharp knife to flatten the cut of the root, apply some decomposed farm organic fertilizer, and use the original soil (①The soil of the circular ditch dug in the middle) Fill the ditch level and water it thoroughly.

③ Root tiller seedling management: From May to June, the root tiller seedlings germinate in succession at and around the root cutting wound, and thin out the seedlings when the height of the seedlings is 10-20 cm. Select 2-3 healthy seedlings for each clump, and cut off the rest from the base; 30 days, weeding, soil loosening once, and spraying carbendazim 1000ppm liquid medicine to control diseases and insect pests. Watering is also required during drought to keep the soil moist.

④Dividing the roots for hardening and transplanting back to the nursery: After the root tiller seedlings have grown for 30 days, divide the roots and harden the seedlings. When dividing the roots, allocate the corresponding root system according to the number and position of the main trunk. Add activated carbon to the new wounds on the roots and then move the pots to harden the seedlings. , root refining

When seedlings are inoculated with Glomus mosseae (Nicol.&Gerd.) bacteria agent available in the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, the seedling hardening substrate is a mixture of 2 volumes of peat and 1 volume of mellow soil, 20g per pot, and the diameter of the inoculated pot The height of the pot is 13cm, and the height of the pot is 13cm; the seedling hardening is carried out in the greenhouse, and the temperature is maintained at 22-25°C. It is shaded with a sunshade net at noon within 3 weeks, and it is exposed to light all day after 3 weeks; the nutrient solution is sprayed once every week, see Table 1 , control the amount of water, subject to the fact that the leaves do not lose water, the seedlings can be transplanted to the nursery after 5 weeks of hardening, and the seedling pots will be placed in the open air one week before returning to the nursery.

Table 1 nutrient solution composition ratio

Element Dose (g/L) Element Dose (g/L) 1 KH ₂ PO ₄ 0.16 7 C ₆ H ₅ O ₇ Fe 5H ₂ O 0.03 2 KNO ₃ 0.51 8 ZnSO ₄ 7H ₂ O 0.28 3 Ca(NO ₃ ) ₂ 0.80 9 CuSO ₄ 5H ₂ O 0.08 4 _MgSO4 0.49 10 H ₂ MO ₄ ·H ₂ O 0.04 5 H ₃ BO ₃ 2.86 6 MnCl ₂ 4H ₂ O 1.81

Claims (1)

1. a method for cultivating seedlings of plum root tiller is characterized in that it is composed of the following steps: ①Ditching: From late March to early April, dig a circular ditch around the crown of the 3-year-old Plum tree. The distance between the circular ditch and the trunk of the mother tree is 1.2m, the ditch depth is 40cm, and the ditch width is 30cm; ②Root cutting: During the process of digging the circular ditch, cut off the lateral roots of 0.5-1cm in diameter, the main root and the lateral roots with a diameter greater than 1cm do not move, use a sharp knife to cut the cut of the root, apply part of the decomposed farm organic fertilizer, and use ① medium Dig the soil of the circular ditch, fill the ditch level, and water thoroughly; ③ Root tiller seedling management: From May to June, the root tiller seedlings germinate in succession at and around the root cutting wound, and thin out the seedlings when the height of the seedlings is 10-20 cm. Select 2-3 healthy seedlings for each clump, and cut off the rest from the base; 30 days, weeding and loosening the soil once, and spraying 1000ppm carbendazim liquid to prevent and control diseases and insect pests, and watering is required in case of drought to keep the soil moist; ④Dividing the roots for hardening and transplanting back to the nursery: After the root tiller seedlings have grown for 30 days, divide the roots and harden the seedlings. When dividing the roots, allocate the corresponding root system according to the number and position of the main trunk. Add activated carbon to the new wounds on the roots and then move the pots to harden the seedlings. When hardening seedlings by dividing roots, inoculate the commercially available Glomusmosseae bacterial agent of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. The seedling hardening substrate is a mixture of 2 parts of peat and 1 part of mellow soil. Each pot is inoculated with 20g, and the diameter of the inoculated pot is 13cm. The height of the pot is 13cm. The seedlings are hardened in the greenhouse, and the temperature is maintained at 22-25°C. In the first 3 weeks, the sunshade net is used for shading at noon, and after 3 weeks, it is exposed to light all day. The water loss shall prevail, and the seedlings shall be transplanted to the nursery after 5 weeks of hardening, and the seedling pots shall be placed in the open air one week before the return to the nursery.