CN103574478A - 太阳能照明系统 - Google Patents
太阳能照明系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明揭示一种太阳能照明系统,其结合太阳能电池组件与LED照明组件两者,使太阳能的利用领域更加全面化。
Description
技术领域
本申请案有关一种太阳能照明系统,特别是一种具有复数个高发光效能的发光照明组件与具有双玻太阳能电池组件的整合系统。
背景技术
太阳能为目前最受欢迎的环保能源。一般而言,太阳能电池的光伏效应将太阳能转换为电能。
太阳能电池组件通常为玻璃、聚乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(ethylene Vinyl Acetate,EVA)、光电组件及太阳能背板之多层结构,再加上由铝、镀锌钢板、木材或合成材料(例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯丙烯橡胶等)制得的外框、接线盒、导线、蓄电池等周边构件组合而成。在阳光照射下,太阳能电池组件会藉由光电效应输出一定之工作电压及工作电流。若能将太阳能电池组件与发光照明组件整合,形成太阳能照明系统,则不但可更有效的利用太阳能,亦可有太阳能发电与发光照明一体化的效果。此外,将太阳能电池组件与发光照明组件整合形成太阳能照明系统,亦可减少部分材料的使用而产生BIPV(Building-Integrated Photovoltaics)建筑光伏一体化的经济效益。
本申请案即提供一种高效率及高可靠性的太阳能照明系统。
发明内容
本发明之一目的为提供一种太阳能照明系统,其包含:
一太阳能电池组件,其包含透明玻璃前盖、透明封装材料、透明玻璃背板及被所述透明封装材料包覆的光电组件,各光电组件间具有足以使光透过的间隔;
一发光照明组件,其包含透明玻璃前盖、透明封装材料、透明背板及被所述透明封装材料包覆的一个或复数个发光二极管组件组件;
其中所述发光二极管组件位于所述发光照明组件的透明背板上形成发光背板;所述发光二极管组件可为点光源的发光二极管组件,或面光源的有机发光二极管组件,且所述发光照明组件的透明背板具有透明导电薄膜层的图案;
其中所述的太阳能电池组件与所述的发光照明组件系利用夹胶玻璃的封装技术结合。
本发明之另一目的为提供一种太阳能照明系统,其包含:
一太阳能电池组件,其包含透明玻璃前盖、透明封装材料、及被所述透明封装材料包覆的光电组件;
一发光照明组件,其包含透明封装材料、透明背板及被所述透明封装材料包覆的一个或复数个发光二极管组组件;
其中所述发光二极管组件位于所述的发光照明组件的透明背板上形成发光背板;
所述发光二极管组件可为点光源的发光二极管组件,或面光源的有机发光二极管组件,且所述透明背板具有透明导电薄膜层的图案;其中所述的太阳能电池组件与所述的发光照明组件的结合,系以夹胶玻璃的封装技术,将置于透明玻璃前盖及透明背板间所述的太阳能电池组件中的光电组件以及所述的发光照明组件中的发光二极管组件分别置放于各组件的封装材料中,再以透明封装层区隔所述太阳能电池组件及所述发光照明组件。
另一方面,本发明另提供一独立型太阳能照明系统,其系以上述太阳能照明系统外接一个直流-直流的蓄电池系统,形成一独立型太阳能照明系统。
另一方面,本发明可提供一并网型太阳能照明系统,其系以上述太阳能照明系统透过逆变器与市电并网,形成一组并网型的太阳能照明系统。
附图说明
图1A为本发明一实施态样之太阳能电池组件之剖面示意图。
图1B为本发明一实施态样之发光照明组件之剖面示意图。
图2为本发明一实施态样之太阳能照明系统之剖面示意图。
图3为本发明另一实施态样之太阳能照明系统之剖面示意图。
图4为本发明另一实施态样之太阳能照明系统之剖面示意图。
图5为本发明之另一实施态样之太阳能照明系统之剖面示意图。
图6A及6B为本发明之另一实施态样之太阳能照明系统之剖面示意图。
具体实施方式
于本文中,除非特别限定,单数形之用语(例如「一」)亦包括其复数形。本文中任何及所有实施例及例示性用语(如「例如」)目的仅为了更加突显本发明,并非针对本发明的范围构成限制,本案说明书中的用语不应被视为暗示任何未请求的组件可构成实施本发明时的必要组件。
本发明提供一种太阳能照明系统,其包含:
一太阳能电池组件,其包含透明玻璃前盖、透明封装材料、透明玻璃背板及被所述透明封装材料包覆的光电组件,如图1A所示,其中101为透明玻璃前盖,102为光电组件、103为透明封装材料层、104为透明玻璃背板,箭头为太阳光入射方向;
一发光照明组件,其包含透明玻璃前盖、透明封装材料、透明背板及被所述透明封装材料包覆的一个或复数个发光二极管组件,如图1B所示,其中105为透明玻璃前盖,106为发光二极体组件、108为透明封装材料层、109为透明背板,箭头为照明光射出方向;
其中所述发光二极管组件位于所述发光照明组件的透明背板上形成发光背板;所述发光二极管组件可为点光源的发光二极管组件,或面光源的有机发光二极管组件,且所述发光照明组件的透明背板具有透明导电薄膜层的图案;
其中所述的太阳能电池组件与所述的发光照明组件系利用夹胶玻璃的封装技术结合,如图2所示,所述太阳能照明系统为图1A与图1B之结合。其中201为透明胶黏材料层,所述夹胶玻璃的封装技术包含层压及滚压技术。
本发明另提供一种太阳能照明组件系统,其包含:
一太阳能电池组件,其包含透明钢化玻璃前盖、透明封装材料、及被所述透明封装材料包覆的光电组件;
一发光照明组件,其包含透明封装材料、透明背板及被所述透明封装材料包覆的一个或复数个发光二极管组件组件;
其中所述发光二极管组件位于所述的发光照明组件的透明背板上形成发光背板;所述发光二极管组件可为点光源的发光二极管组件,或面光源的有机发光二极管组件,且所述透明背板具有透明导电薄膜层的图案;其中所述的太阳能电池组件与所述的发光照明组件的结合,系以夹胶玻璃的封装技术,将置于透明玻璃前盖及透明背板间所述的太阳能电池组件中的光电组件以及所述的发光照明组件中的发光二极管组件分别置放于各组件的封装材料中,再以透明封装层区隔所述太阳能电池组件及所述发光照明组件,如图3所示,其中301为透明玻璃前盖,302为光电组件、303及306为透明封装材料层、304为透明封装层、305为发光二极管组件,307为透明背板,上方箭头为太阳光入射方向,下方箭头为照明光射出方向。
在一具体实施例中,可利用钢化玻璃作为透明玻璃前盖、透明封装层及透明背板中一者、二者或全部的材料,再以夹胶玻璃的封装技术使三者或三片钢化玻璃形成三明治结构,其中太阳能电池及发光二极体组件分别置放于三片钢化玻璃间的封装材料中,以中间共享的透明钢化玻璃区隔所述光电组件及所述发光照明组件,如图4所示,其中308为钢化玻璃,401为透明导电膜层。
在另一具体实施例中,本发明的太阳能照明系统中所使用的钢化玻璃为物理钢化玻璃。
在另一具体实施例中,所述透明封装层为透明导电玻璃基板,其厚度介于2.0mm至0.7mm,所述基板上包含透明导电氧化物薄膜层,其材料为ITO、IZO、IGZO、ZnO、SnO2、AZO等金属透明氧化物薄膜材料。
在另一具体实施例中,可利用外框将太阳能电池组件与发光照明组件的四外围固定安装,使两组件中间间隔形成一个密闭的中空层,可用来区隔所述太阳能电池组件及所述发光照明组件,可提供保温、隔音及隔热等效果,其中所述太阳能电池组件及发光照明组件的厚度皆小于或等于5mm,如图5所示,其中501为中空层,502为封边固定构件(外框)。而其中所述外框系由铝、镀锌钢板、木材或合成材料(例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯丙烯橡胶等)制得的外框固定安装所述两组件。
在另一具体实施例中,上述本发明之太阳能照明系统可再外接一个直流-直流的蓄电池系统,形成一组独立型的太阳能照明系统,如图6A所示,其中601为蓄电池;
在另一具体实施例中,上述本发明之太阳能照明系统可透过逆变器与市电并网,形成一组并网型的太阳能照明系统,如图6B所示,其中602为市电并网。以下针对本发明之太阳能照明系统之各部分及技术特征做进一步的说明。
太阳能电池组件
本发明的太阳能电池组件可为任何种类的太阳能组件。除了前述的前盖、封装材料、光电组件、背板外,本发明的太阳能电池组件尚包括外框、接线盒、导线、蓄电池等周边构件。由于前述周边构件均可使用公知的技术制造,因此在本申请案中不再详述。
本发明的太阳能电池组件所使用的前盖无特殊限制,通常使用低反射的透明玻璃板,以提供足够的透光性以及抗压、抗张及硬度等机械强度,并阻绝水气进入太阳能电池组件内部。
本发明的太阳能电池组件所使用的封装材料主要是用以固定太阳能电池的光电组件并对其提供物理上的保护,例如抗冲击及防止水气进入等。本发明之太阳能电池组件中的封装材料可使用任何公知的材料,目前聚乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(Ethylene Vinyl Acetate;EVA)为使用最为广泛的太阳能电池封装材料。EVA为一种热固性树脂,其固化后具有高透光、耐热、耐低温、抗湿、耐候等特性,且其与金属、玻璃及塑料均有良好的接着性,又具有一定的弹性、耐冲击性及热传导性,因此为理想的太阳能电池封装材料。
本发明的太阳能电池组件中的光电组件并无特别限制,可为各种形式的光电组件,例如硅晶光电组件、薄膜光电组件、染料光敏化光电组件等。
本发明的太阳能电池组件中,应有至少一部份的照射面积不为光电组件所覆盖,光电组件的覆盖面积比例,可依据如光电组件转换效率、日照时间、日照强度及电力热量需求比例等具体实施条件调整。一般来说,覆盖面积比例介于30%至80%之间均为合适,优选为40%至60%之间。
在本发明的一个具体实施例中,太阳能电池组件中的光电组件可为单多晶结晶硅的太阳能电池组件,及薄膜型的太阳能电池组件。
本发明的太阳能电池组件中的背板在某些实施例中可同时做为发光照明组件的顶盖,因此需具备特殊的性质。其具备优异的机械性质,一般来说,合适的背板材料应具有至少约120MPa的抗压强度(compressive Strength)、至少约120MPa的抗弯强度(bendingstrength)及至少约90MPa的抗拉强度(tensile strength)。
本发明中的透明玻璃及发光背板可使用一种新型式的物理钢化玻璃,其可藉由气动加热及冷却之处理程序制得。详言之,此种物理钢化玻璃可在约600°C至约750°C,较佳为630°C至约700°C的气动加热钢化炉(例如李赛克公司(LiSEC)生产的平板钢化炉(flatbedtempering furnace)中加热,再经由例如空气喷嘴使其急速冷却而制得。本文中,术语「气动加热」是指物体与空气或其它气体作高速相对运动时所产生的高温气体对物体的传热过程。由于以气动加热方式钢化玻璃时,玻璃与钢化炉不直接接触,因此不会造成玻璃的变形,而能适用较薄的玻璃。其中当所述透明玻璃及发光背板为透明超薄钢化玻璃时,其厚度小于2.0毫米。适用于本发明之物理钢化玻璃其具有约120Mpa至约300Mpa、优选约150MPa至约250MPa的抗压强度,约120Mpa至约300Mpa、优选约150MPa至约250MPa的抗弯强度及约90Mpa至约180Mpa、优选约100MPa至约150MPa的抗拉强度。
更详细的物理钢化玻璃的制法可参考中国专利第2011110198526.1号申请案的内容。
又,一般的玻璃亦无法达到以上机械性质的要求(例如一般玻璃仅有约40MPa的抗拉强度),因此无法适用于本发明。此外,一般物理钢化玻璃虽然可能具有足够的机械性质,但是为了避免产生变形,其厚度一般来说必须在3毫米以上,此会造成重量的增加,不但造成反光器的承载增加,亦不适合装设在一般住家屋顶上。又一般化学钢化玻璃亦可能达到以上机械性质的要求,且较无加工厚度的限制。然而化学钢化玻璃很容易因为环境因素造成破坏,且有后续涂膜不易、易产生脱膜现象及成本较高之缺点,其使用亦受限制。
发光照明组件
本发明的发光照明组件,其包含透明玻璃前盖、透明封装材料、透明背板及被所述透明封装材料包覆的一个或复数个发光二极管组件,或当前述太阳能电池组件中的背板作为发光照明组件的顶盖时,本发明的发光照明组件包含透明封装材料、透明背板及被所述透明封装材料包覆的一个或复数个发光二极管组件。
本发明的发光照明组件中的透明背板材料可使用各种材料制造,例如玻璃或塑料。上述塑料材料可由一或多个高分子树脂层所构成。用以构成上述高分子树脂层之树脂之种类并无特殊限制,其例如但不限于聚酯树脂(polyester resin),如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(polyethylene terephthalate,PET)或聚萘二甲酸乙二酯(polyethylene naphthalate,PEN);聚丙烯酸酯树脂(polyacrylate resin),如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA);聚烯烃树脂(polyolefin resin),如聚乙烯(PE)或聚丙烯(PP);聚苯乙烯树脂(polystyreneresin);聚环烯烃树脂(polycycloolefin resin);聚酰亚胺树脂(polyimide resin);聚碳酸酯树脂(polycarbonate resin,PC resin);聚胺基甲酸酯树脂(polyurethane resin,PU resin);三醋酸纤维素(triacetate cellulose,TAC);聚乳酸(polylactic acid);或彼等之混合物。优选为聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚环烯烃树脂、三醋酸纤维素、聚乳酸或其混合物。
上述内容中的透明发光背板表面形状皆需要镀制上透明导电氧化物薄膜层,其主要目的是要将电流传送至基板上的发光组件,而发光组件的正负电极是利用导电银浆来与透明导电薄膜层接合,当施以电压使电流注入发光组件产生照明光。其中所述透明导电氧化物薄膜层可经图案化而形成特定图案设计。
在一具体实施例中,所述发光组件中之复数个发光二极体组件可按所述发光组件之背板上的透明导电氧化物薄膜层之图案设计来置放。
在一具体实施例中,所述发光组件中之复数个发光二极体组件是置放于透明导电的PET基板上,此PET基板与太阳能电池组件间系以一层透明封装层区隔。
本发明所提供之太阳能照明系统其主要目的是为了让入射的太阳光进入太阳能电池组件后,使太阳光局限于其中并藉由光学能转为直流电能后,加以充分应用。为了促使太阳能照明系统的应用领域更加广泛,系统电力设计有两种,一者是可配备蓄电池系统,例如外接一个直流-直流的蓄电池系统,形成一组独立型的太阳能照明系统;二者是可配备逆变器系统,形成一组并网型的太阳能照明系统,可用于市电并网。
在另一具体实施例中,为了增加太阳能照明组件系统的发光效率,可于所述太阳能电池组件之透明玻璃背板或介于太阳能电池组件与发光照明组件间之透明封装层面向太阳能电池组件之表面覆上反射层,或使用金属贴膜做为反射层的材料。此反射层最主要的功能为反射全波段的光线,因此其材料之种类并无特殊限制,其较佳可为金属,例如银、金、铝或铬等;亦可使用金属氧化物或非金属材料,而诸如TiO2、BaSO4、Teflon等材料因具有白色外观,可有效的增加光线反射,而成为较佳之材料。除上述反射全波段的光线之功能外,所述等反射层亦可将太阳光线反射回太阳能电池组件内,再次增加太阳能电池组件的发电效率。可用任何适合的方法将反射层与太阳能电池组件或发光照明组件结合,例如使用黏着剂将其黏结。当反射层的材料为金属时,较佳的方法是利用物理气相沈积直接将金属沈积于玻璃基板上,无需使用黏着剂,除了节省制程步骤外,亦可避免黏着剂变质所产生之问题,因此具有较佳的可靠性。所述反射层的波长介于380nm至780nm之间,优选在450nm至700nm之间,更优选为500nm至650nm之间且,平均反射率大于70%。
Claims (23)
1.一种太阳能照明系统,其包含:
一太阳能电池组件,其包含透明玻璃前盖、透明封装材料、透明玻璃背板及被所述透明封装材料包覆的光电组件;
一发光照明组件,其包含透明玻璃前盖、透明封装材料、透明背板及被所述透明封装材料包覆的一个或复数个发光二极管组件;
其中所述发光二极管组件位于所述发光照明组件的透明背板上形成发光背板;所述发光二极管组件可为点光源的发光二极管组件,或面光源的有机发光二极管组件,且所述发光照明组件的透明背板具有透明导电薄膜层的图案;
其中所述的太阳能电池组件与所述的发光照明组件系利用夹胶玻璃的封装技术结合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能照明系统,其中所述透明玻璃前盖、透明玻璃背板及透明背板皆为物理钢化玻璃。
3.根据权利要求2所述的太阳能照明系统,其中所述物理钢化玻璃具有约120MPa至约300MPa的抗压强度、约120MPa至约300MPa的抗弯强度及约90MPa至约180MPa的抗拉强度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能照明系统,其中所述太阳能电池组件与所述发光照明组件系藉由透明胶黏材料,于两个组件中形成透明封装层贴合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能照明系统,其中所述发光照明组件的透明背板上形成一片大面积发光背板。
6.一种太阳能照明系统,其包含:
一太阳能电池组件,其包含透明玻璃前盖、透明封装材料、及被所述透明封装材料包覆的光电组件;
一发光照明组件,其包含透明封装材料、透明背板及被所述透明封装材料包覆的一个或复数个发光二极管组件;
其中所述发光二极管组件位于所述的发光照明组件的透明背板上形成发光背板;
所述发光二极管组件可为点光源的发光二极管组件,或面光源的有机发光二极管组件,且所述透明背板具有透明导电薄膜层的图案;其中所述的太阳能电池组件与所述的发光照明组件的结合,系以夹胶玻璃的封装技术,将置于透明玻璃前盖及透明背板间所述的太阳能电池组件中的光电组件以及所述的发光照明组件中的发光二极管组件分别置放于各组件的封装材料中,再以透明封装层区隔所述太阳能电池组件及所述发光照明组件。
7.根据权利要求6所述的太阳能照明系统,其中透明玻璃前盖及/或透明背板为透明钢化玻璃。
8.根据权利要求7所述的太阳能照明系统,其中所述的太阳能电池组件与所述的发光照明组件的结合,可利用钢化玻璃作为所述的透明封装层,以夹胶玻璃的封装技术使三片钢化玻璃形成三明治结构,并将所述的太阳能电池组件中的光电组件及所述的发光照明组件中的发光二极管组件分别置放于其各自的封装材料,以中间共享的透明钢化玻璃区隔所述的光电组件及所述的发光照明组件。
9.根据权利要求8所述的太阳能照明系统,其中所述的钢化玻璃为物理钢化玻璃。
10.根据权利要求1或6所述的太阳能照明系统,其中所述的太阳能电池组件与所述的发光照明组件的结合,可利用外框将此两组件的四周边缘固定安装,使两组件中间间隔形成一个密闭的中空腔层,可用来区隔所述的太阳能电池组件及所述的发光照明组件,并可用以作为中空层,所述太阳能电池组件及发光照明组件的厚度皆小于或等于5mm。
11.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能照明系统,其中所述复数个发光二极管组件可按所述发光组件之透明背板上的透明导电薄膜层之图案设计来置放,所述发光组件之透明背板可为玻璃基板或PET基板、PE基板、PC基板及PU等塑料基板。
12.根据权利要求6所述的太阳能照明系统,其中所述复数个发光二极管组件可按所述发光组件之透明背板上的透明导电薄膜层之图案设计来置放,此所述发光组件之透明背板可为玻璃基板或PET基板、PE基板、PC基板及PU等塑料基板。
13.根据权利要求11所述的太阳能照明系统,其中所述发光组件之透明背板为PET基板,且此PET基板与太阳能电池组件间系以一层透明封装层区隔。
14.根据权利要求12所述的太阳能照明系统,其中所述发光组件之透明背板为PET基板,且此PET基板与太阳能电池组件间系以一层透明封装层区隔。
15.根据权利要求6所述的太阳能照明系统,其中所述的透明封装层为透明导电玻璃基板,其厚度介于2.0mm至0.7mm,所述基板上包含透明导电氧化物薄膜层,其材料为ITO、IZO、IGZO、ZnO、SnO2、AZO等金属透明氧化物薄膜材料。
16.根据权利要求10所述的太阳能照明系统,其中所述两组件的四周边缘固定安装,可利用选自铝、镀锌钢板、木材、或聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯丙烯橡胶的合成材料制得的外框。
17.根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的太阳能照明系统,可在外接一个直流-直流的蓄电池系统,形成一组独立型的太阳能照明系统。
18.根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的太阳能照明系统,可透过逆变器与市电并网,形成一组并网型的太阳能照明系统。
19.根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的太阳能照明系统,其中所述太阳能电池组件之透明玻璃背板或介于太阳能电池组件与发光照明组件间之透明封装层面向太阳能电池组件之表面系覆上一反射层,其系选自由银、金、铝、铬、TiO2、BaSO4、Teflon所组成之群。
20.根据权利要求18所述的太阳能照明系统,其中所述反射层波长介于380nm至780nm之间,且平均反射率大于70%。
21.根据权利要求20所述的太阳能照明系统,其中所述反射层波长介于450nm至700nm之间。
22.根据权利要求18所述的太阳能照明系统,其中所述反射层波长介于500nm至650nm之间。
23.根据权利要求18所述的太阳能照明系统,其中所述反射层系金属贴膜,所述金属系选自由银、金、铝及铬所组成之群。
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