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CN103363530B - A kind of leather waste gasification, and combustion and heat recovery system and method for operating thereof - Google Patents

A kind of leather waste gasification, and combustion and heat recovery system and method for operating thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103363530B
CN103363530B CN201310092193.3A CN201310092193A CN103363530B CN 103363530 B CN103363530 B CN 103363530B CN 201310092193 A CN201310092193 A CN 201310092193A CN 103363530 B CN103363530 B CN 103363530B
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combustion chamber
vaporizer
waste
leather
combustion
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CN201310092193.3A
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CN103363530A (en
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徐翔
刘银河
张永剑
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WENZHOU CITY SPECIAL EQUIPMENT INSPECTION CENTER
Xian Jiaotong University
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WENZHOU CITY SPECIAL EQUIPMENT INSPECTION CENTER
Xian Jiaotong University
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Publication of CN103363530A publication Critical patent/CN103363530A/en
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of leather waste gasification, and combustion and heat recovery system and method for operating thereof, leather waste first carries out high-temp. vortex gasification in one section of this gasification, and combustion and heat recovery system, after gas is separated with liquid lime-ash, enter second segment and supplement excess air by its after-flame, the flue gas that afterburnt generates enters waste heat recovery apparatus recovery waste heat, and last flue gas is discharged after purifying and dedusting.This system architecture is simple, and combustion intensity is high, effectively can be formed by decreasing pollution thing, realize the clean recycling of leather waste.

Description

A kind of leather waste gasification, and combustion and heat recovery system and method for operating thereof
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind of gasification, and combustion of leather waste and heat recovery system and method for operating thereof.
[background technology]
Can produce in leather industry that a large amount of scurfs, skin are broken, leftover pieces.In recent years, China has become leather producing country maximum in the world.According to statistics China within 2006, had an appointment family more than 200 PU remove from office manufacturer, approximately can generate leather waste solid refuse 1,400,000 tons every year.If these leather wastes are dealt with improperly, can be able to pollute environment.Some leathers are also containing a certain amount of Cr 3+if deal with its pollution caused improperly even even more serious.On the other hand, leather waste has certain calorific value usually, and some leather wastes also have the value of recycling, result in people and utilizes and the research of resource leather waste.Current, the utilization of leather waste and resource mainly contain following several method:
1. pair leather waste material, application number is that the Chinese patent application of 01106725.X proposes, can be hydrolyzed by soda acid process and produce peptone and gelatin, but the product that this method obtains very easily moisture absorption liquefaction, the productive rate of gelatin is lower, also can cause otherwise pollution, practicality is not good.
2. for dermatine waste material, Chinese patent discloses No. CN85107745A proposition, it uses as plastic raw materials after recycling and mainly being refined, but this method needs to clean artificial leather waste material in the process of refining, and also needs to use a large amount of chemical addition agents; Although the recycling of leather waste can be realized, also can form the secondary pollutions such as a large amount of waste water, waste gas simultaneously.
3. Chinese patent discloses No. CN1487142A proposition, and leather waste can be utilized to carry out the regenerative ratio of synthetic leather, and its process needs consumption of water resource, and can produce large amount of sewage.Meanwhile, the regenerated leather quality of finished that this method is produced is poor, and this can have a strong impact on the scope of application of regenerated leather.
Directly carry out burning disposal to leather waste, because incomplete combustion, produce a large amount of containing cacodorous black smoke, its main component is coke particle, SO x, NO x, Cl 2, the harmful product such as CO, even can produce carcinogen — bioxin, cause secondary environmental pollution.
In sum, application said method processes leather waste, although can realize the recycling of leather waste to a certain extent, also can form the secondary pollution such as waste water, waste gas simultaneously, be unfavorable for the clean recycling of leather waste.
Current, a kind of feasible method that (gasification and burning) is regarded as processing leather waste is heat-treated to leather waste.Wherein, cyclone firing is a kind of stable, the High Rotation Speed flame flow that can control of artificial tissue, and it is filled in the whole bags, with extremely strong disturbance ability, make the combustion process of powder, the solid-fuelled diffusion types of bits shape, than general room combustion mode, there is higher calorific intensity.And fuel has the quite long holdup time in cyclone furnace, thus there is certain amount of savings in a combustion chamber, contribute to the continuity maintaining combustion process.Accumulate the scorching hot slag film of certain heat, be again the burning bed of stabilizer pole, the stability of combustion process can be maintained.There is the advantages such as combustion intensity is high, retention efficiency is high, flameholding.
[summary of the invention]
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of structure simple, have higher combustion intensity, load regulation rate is high, retention efficiency is high, device efficiency is high, and feed is simple, can realize leather waste and clean the leather waste gasification, and combustion of recycling and heat recovery system and method for operating thereof.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of leather waste gasification, and combustion and heat recovery system, comprise feeding system, vaporizer, combustion chamber, slag-draining device and waste-heat recovery device; Vaporizer and combustion chamber are cylindrical shape, and its top tangentially direction is respectively arranged with vaporizer Secondary Air entrance and combustion chamber Secondary Air entrance; Vaporizer and bottom of combustion chamber are provided with slag-draining device, and vaporizer and outer wall of combustion chamber face are enclosed with air preheater; Vaporizer is by the first taper reducing and combustion chamber, and combustor tail connects waste-heat recovery device by the second taper reducing; Vaporizer is connected with feeding system.
The present invention further improves and is: the first taper reducing and the second taper reducing include large end and small end, and the large end of the first taper reducing is consistent to the direction of vaporizer with combustion chamber to the direction of small end; The large end of the second taper reducing is consistent to the direction of combustion chamber with waste-heat recovery device to the direction of small end.
The present invention further improves and is: described waste-heat recovery device is waste heat boiler; Described waste heat boiler has waste heat boiler convection heating surface.
The present invention further improves and is: the waste gas that combustor tail is discharged enters in waste heat boiler, heat exchange is carried out by waste heat boiler convection heating surface, low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange is incorporated in combustion chamber by blower fan through flue gas recirculation device, or discharges after deduster dedusting.
The present invention further improves and is: feeding system comprises leather powder and additive entrance and storage bin, and leather powder is connected the entrance of storage bin with additive entrance, and the outlet of storage bin connects vaporizer.
The present invention further improves and is: in the leather powder of pulverization process, be added with additive; Through the leather powder of pulverization process and additive, tangentially pressure is sent in direction be 0.1MPa temperature is in the vaporizer of 1400 DEG C, tangentially excess air coefficient is sent in direction is simultaneously the air of 0.7 ~ 0.9, and leather waste air-flow and air stream carry out gasification reaction after strongly mixing in vaporizer under reducing atmosphere; Excess air coefficient by air in combustion chamber is greater than 1.1.
The present invention further improves and is: described additive is calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium sulfate or zinc carbonate.
The present invention further improves and is: slag-draining device comprises the slag notch being arranged at vaporizer and bottom of combustion chamber and the slag trapping box collected from slag notch discharge molten slag.
A method of operating for leather waste gasification, and combustion and heat recovery system, comprising:
1) be, the powder material that particle diameter is less than 2mm by leather waste pulverization process in material system processed, then send in storage bin by leather powder and additive entrance, in storage bin, add additive, the additive of interpolation is calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium sulfate or zinc carbonate simultaneously;
2) be 0.1MPa temperature be, in the vaporizer of 1400 DEG C by through the leather powder of pulverization process and additive, tangentially pressure is sent in direction, tangentially excess air coefficient is sent in direction is simultaneously the air of 0.7 ~ 0.9, leather waste air-flow and air stream are in vaporizer, under reducing atmosphere, carry out gasification reaction after strong mixing, produce a large amount of fuel gas;
3), cold air enters air preheater from cool air inlet, after utilizing vaporizer and combustion chamber gasification and combustion reaction heat release preheating to reach 370 DEG C, is sent in vaporizer and combustion chamber, participation gasification reaction as Secondary Air in air preheater;
4) molten slag that, vaporizer internal face produces is drained in liquid form in slag trapping box by slag notch after molten slag bath is collected;
5), a large amount of fuel gas of producing in vaporizer, the first taper reducing through vaporizer afterbody enters in combustion chamber, and the Secondary Air sent into combustion chamber tangential direction mixes strongly, carries out Thorough combustion generation high-temperature flue gas; The waste heat boiler that high-temperature flue gas enters combustor tail by the second taper reducing carries out heat recovery; The slag that combustion chamber generates in running is discharged by slag notch in liquid form through the molten slag bath collection of bottom of combustion chamber; Excess air coefficient in combustion chamber is greater than 1.1.
The present invention further improves and is: the low-temperature flue gas of waste heat boiler afterbody is incorporated in combustion chamber through flue gas recirculation device by blower fan, in order to reduce the ignition temperature in combustion chamber, maintains the low-temperature burning in combustion chamber.
The present invention adopts the method process leather waste of Researched of Air Staging Combustion Burning Pulverized Coal.First leather waste carries out gasification reaction and generates raw gas in vaporizer, and then raw gas releases heat in combustion chamber combustion.The gasification of leather waste is carried out on vaporizer internal face, slag tap.
The excess air coefficient that vaporizer sends into air is 0.7 ~ 0.9, owing to maintaining reducing atmosphere in vaporizer, effectively inhibits NO xformed, simultaneously at low load can stable operation in order to maintain vaporizer, vaporizer is provided with oil-gas burner as flame on duty; The excess air coefficient that air is sent in combustion chamber is greater than 1.1, can ensure raw gas Thorough combustion, after-flame.Simultaneously in order to maintain the low-temperature burning in combustion chamber, can as required flue afterbody low-temperature flue gas be incorporated in combustion chamber by flue gas recirculation device through blower fan, reduce the ignition temperature in combustion chamber.In addition, on vaporizer and outer wall of combustion chamber face, parcel is provided with air preheater.Utilize gasification and combustion reaction liberated heat preheating cold air in vaporizer and combustion chamber, the hot-air after heating is sent into vaporizer and is participated in gasification reaction.
The present invention adds chemical addition agent in storage bin, and during guarantee runs, slag tap carries out the seizure with solid-state lime-ash smoothly.
In concrete processing procedure, in vaporizer, due to the eddying motion of gasifying agent, the liquid slag group produced in gasification is made controlledly to be attached on gasification stove internal wall face by throwing under the influence of centrifugal force, form one deck high temperature heat source, in order to supply the heat needed for the gasification of leather waste particle.After vaporizer inner wall surface forms slag film, the leather waste of relatively large youngster sticks to slag film on the surface, and namely their gasification carries out on the surface at slag film.After the heat of leather waste particulate absorbent from slag film, start rapidly gasification.Simultaneously because the speed of related movement raising of gasifying agent and leather waste particle makes the external diffusion process of gasification accelerate, gasification rate increases, and the combustibles in leather castoff at high temperature almost all gasifies, and gasification efficiency improves.In addition because slag movement velocity is slow, therefore extend leather waste gasification reaction time in gasification furnace of larger particles, the tar that formed in gasification and phenols can be made fully to decompose, and the oxious component of raw gas greatly reduces.Fuel gas purification process and equipment are simplified.
The present invention, compared with existing leather waste processing mode, has following outstanding feature and remarkable advantage:
Through the leather waste of pulverization process be carry out imperfect combustion under the condition of 0.7 ~ 0.9 at vaporizer excess air coefficient, produce the fuel gas such as a large amount of CO.Because vaporizer atmosphere is reducing atmosphere, effectively NO can be suppressed xformation.And fuel gas is when combustion chamber combustion, owing to introducing low-temperature flue gas, reduce combustion chamber combustion temperature, also effectively can suppress NO xformation.
Apply the gasification, and combustion processing mode of a kind of leather waste of the present invention, leather waste carries out cyclone firing in vaporizer and combustion chamber, adopt the mode of slag tap, molten slag flows out from the slag notch of vaporizer and bottom of combustion chamber, effectively reduce the fly ash content in flue gas, be conducive to the fouling and slagging reducing waste heat recovery apparatus, improve the condition of work of waste heat recovery apparatus, reduce the burden of cleaner.
The leather waste particle size range of process of the present invention is wide, and scurf can be adopted as raw material, can reduce the energy consumption of material system processed.
Leather waste gasification, and combustion of the present invention and heat recovery system can be recycled the leather waste that leather industry produces, and the energy recovery discharged is used for heat supply or generating, and effectively reduce the NO that direct burning disposal leather waste produces xpollute, realize the harmless treatment of industrial waste-leather.The tail gas of discharge meets the regulation of GB13271-2001 " emission standard of air pollutants for boilers " and other standard.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Wherein, 1 be leather powder and additive entrance, 2 be storage bin, 3 be vaporizer Secondary Air entrance, 4 be vaporizer First air entrance, 5 be vaporizer, 6 be slag notch, 7 be slag trapping box, 8 be combustion chamber Secondary Air entrance, 9 be combustion chamber, 10 be taper reducing, 11 be flue gas recirculation device, 12 be blower fan, 13 be waste heat boiler, 14 be air preheater, 15 be waste heat boiler convection heating surface, 16 be cool air inlet, 17 be hot air outlet.
[detailed description of the invention]
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Shown in Figure 1, a kind of leather waste gasification, and combustion that the present invention proposes and heat recovery system, comprise feeding system, vaporizer 5, combustion chamber 9, slag-draining device and waste-heat recovery device.Vaporizer 5 and combustion chamber 9 are cylindrical shape, and its top tangential direction is respectively arranged with vaporizer Secondary Air entrance 3 and combustion chamber Secondary Air entrance 8; The top of vaporizer 5 is also provided with vaporizer First air entrance 4; Be provided with slag-draining device bottom vaporizer 5 and combustion chamber 9, vaporizer 5 and combustion chamber 9 outside wall surface are enclosed with air preheater 14, vaporizer 5 and combustion chamber 9 are by carbofrax material interlayer around being formed, and air preheater 14 outer surface arranges external thermal insulation; Vaporizer 5 is connected with combustion chamber 9 by taper reducing 10, and combustion chamber 9 end cone reducing connects waste-heat recovery device; Vaporizer 5 top is connected with feeding system, and leather waste is sent in vaporizer 5 by vaporizer 5 tangential direction.
Feeding system comprises leather powder and additive entrance 1 and storage bin 2, and leather powder is connected the entrance of storage bin 2 with additive entrance 1, and the outlet of storage bin 2 connects vaporizer 5.
In the present invention, waste-heat recovery device is waste heat boiler 13, the waste gas that combustion chamber 9 afterbody is discharged enters in waste heat boiler 13, heat exchange is carried out by waste heat boiler convection heating surface 15, heat is reclaimed, low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange is incorporated in combustion chamber 9 through flue gas recirculation device 11 by blower fan 12, in order to reduce the ignition temperature in combustion chamber 9, maintain the low-temperature burning in combustion chamber 9; Or discharge after deduster.
The method of operating of a kind of leather waste gasification, and combustion of the present invention and heat recovery system, comprising:
1) be, the powder material that particle diameter is less than 2mm by leather waste pulverization process in material system processed, then send in storage bin 2 by leather powder and additive entrance 1, in storage bin 2, add chemical addition agent, the chemical addition agent of interpolation is that calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium sulfate or zinc carbonate etc. at high temperature liquefy and can form one deck liquid film at vaporizer 5 inwall simultaneously.
2), through the leather powder of pulverization process and additive by First air from vaporizer First air entrance 4 tangentially pressure is sent in direction to be 0.1MPa temperature the be vaporizer 5 of 1400 DEG C, tangentially the air (air intake and secondary air total amount) that excess air coefficient is 0.7 ~ 0.9 is sent in direction simultaneously, leather waste air-flow and air stream are in vaporizer 5, under reducing atmosphere, carry out gasification reaction after strong mixing, generate the fuel gas such as a large amount of CO.
3), cold air enters air preheater 14 from cool air inlet 16, after utilizing vaporizer 5 and combustion chamber 9 gasification and combustion reaction heat release preheating to reach about 370 DEG C in air preheater 14, be sent in vaporizer 5 and combustion chamber 9 as Secondary Air, participate in gasification reaction.
4) molten slag that, vaporizer 5 internal face produces is drained in liquid form in slag trapping box 7 by slag notch 6 after molten slag bath is collected.
5), the fuel gas such as a large amount of CO of producing in vaporizer 5, the taper reducing 10 through vaporizer 5 afterbody enters in combustion chamber 9, and the Secondary Air sent into combustion chamber 9 tangential direction mixes strongly, carries out Thorough combustion generation high-temperature flue gas.The waste heat boiler 13 that high-temperature flue gas enters afterbody carries out heat recovery.The slag that combustion chamber 9 generates in running is collected through molten slag bath and is discharged in liquid form by slag notch.Excess air coefficient in combustion chamber 9 is greater than 1.1.
6), the low-temperature flue gas of waste heat boiler 13 afterbody is incorporated in combustion chamber 9 through flue gas recirculation device 11 by blower fan 12, in order to reduce the ignition temperature in combustion chamber 9, maintains the low-temperature burning in combustion chamber 9.
In concrete embodiment, the leather waste of process is that a kind of PU removes from office, and its Industrial Analysis and elementary analysis are:
In above-mentioned embodiment, leather waste treating capacity is 125kg/h, is 174m by vaporizer First air entrance 4 for leather waste being blown into the First air air quantity of vaporizer 5 3/ h, vaporizer secondary air flow is 630m 3/ h, combustion chamber secondary air flow is 145m 3/ h.Vaporizer First air enters opening's edge vaporizer axial direction and arranges two, and vaporizer Secondary Air enters opening's edge vaporizer axial direction and arranges two, and combustion chamber Secondary Air enters opening's edge combustion chamber axial direction and arranges two.First air entrance and Secondary Air entrance layout quantity can be suitably adjusted according to the difference of leather waste type and leather waste treating capacity in specific implementation process.
In above-mentioned embodiment, cold air enters air preheater 14 from cool air inlet 16, utilizes vaporizer 5 and combustion chamber 9 thermal discharge preheated air.Hot-air from hot air outlet 17 discharge enter vaporizer Secondary Air entrance to wind passage, send in vaporizer 9.
In above-mentioned embodiment, waste heat boiler 13 adopts pure convection type waste heat boiler to reclaim heat.This waste heat boiler 13 heating surface is arranged simple, easy access, long service life; Heating surface is few, and convection transfer rate is large, heat exchange efficiency advantages of higher.
As a further improvement on the present invention, in the concrete process implemented, certain gas denitrifying technology can be adopted on this basis as required, for different NO xconcentration, sprays into ammonia agent and carries out denitration work in flue.

Claims (9)

1. leather waste gasification, and combustion and a heat recovery system, is characterized in that, comprises feeding system, vaporizer (5), combustion chamber (9), slag-draining device and waste-heat recovery device; Vaporizer (5) and combustion chamber (9) are cylindrical shape, and its top tangentially direction is respectively arranged with vaporizer Secondary Air entrance (3) and combustion chamber Secondary Air entrance (8); Vaporizer (5) and combustion chamber (9) bottom are provided with slag-draining device, and vaporizer (5) and combustion chamber (9) outside wall surface are enclosed with air preheater (14); Vaporizer (5) is connected with combustion chamber (9) by the first taper reducing, and combustion chamber (9) afterbody connects waste-heat recovery device by the second taper reducing; Vaporizer (5) is connected with feeding system;
Additive is added with in the leather powder of pulverization process; In the leather powder of pulverization process and additive tangentially pressure is sent in direction to be 0.1MPa temperature the be vaporizer (5) of 1400 DEG C, tangentially excess air coefficient is sent in direction is simultaneously the air of 0.7 ~ 0.9, and leather waste air-flow and air stream carry out gasification reaction after strongly mixing in vaporizer (5) under reducing atmosphere; The excess air coefficient passing into air in combustion chamber (9) is greater than 1.1.
2. a kind of leather waste gasification, and combustion according to claim 1 and heat recovery system, it is characterized in that, first taper reducing and the second taper reducing include large end and small end, and the large end of the first taper reducing is consistent to the direction of vaporizer (5) with combustion chamber (9) to the direction of small end; The large end of the second taper reducing is consistent to the direction of combustion chamber (9) with waste-heat recovery device to the direction of small end.
3. a kind of leather waste gasification, and combustion according to claim 1 and heat recovery system, is characterized in that, described waste-heat recovery device is waste heat boiler (13); Described waste heat boiler (13) has waste heat boiler convection heating surface (15).
4. a kind of leather waste gasification, and combustion according to claim 3 and heat recovery system, it is characterized in that, the waste gas that combustion chamber (9) afterbody is discharged enters in waste heat boiler (13), heat exchange is carried out by waste heat boiler convection heating surface (15), low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange is incorporated in combustion chamber (9) by blower fan (12) through flue gas recirculation device (11), or discharges after deduster dedusting.
5. a kind of leather waste gasification, and combustion according to claim 1 and heat recovery system, it is characterized in that, feeding system comprises leather powder and additive entrance (1) and storage bin (2), leather powder is connected the entrance of storage bin (2) with additive entrance (1), and the outlet of storage bin (2) connects vaporizer (5).
6. a kind of leather waste gasification, and combustion according to claim 1 and heat recovery system, is characterized in that, described additive is calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium sulfate or zinc carbonate.
7. a kind of leather waste gasification, and combustion according to claim 1 and heat recovery system, it is characterized in that, slag-draining device comprises the slag notch (6) being arranged at vaporizer (5) and combustion chamber (9) bottom and the slag trapping box (7) collected from slag notch (6) discharge molten slag.
8. a kind of leather waste gasification, and combustion according to any one of claim 1 to 7 and the method for operating of heat recovery system, is characterized in that, comprising:
1) be, the powder material that particle diameter is less than 2mm by leather waste pulverization process in material system processed, then send in storage bin (2) by leather powder and additive entrance (1), in storage bin (2), add additive, the additive of interpolation is calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, calcium sulfate or zinc carbonate simultaneously;
2), by tangentially pressure is sent in direction through the leather powder of pulverization process and additive to be 0.1MPa temperature the be vaporizer (5) of 1400 DEG C, tangentially excess air coefficient is sent in direction is simultaneously the air of 0.7 ~ 0.9, leather waste air-flow and air stream are in vaporizer (5), under reducing atmosphere, carry out gasification reaction after strong mixing, produce a large amount of fuel gas;
3), cold air enters air preheater (14) from cool air inlet (16), after utilizing vaporizer (5) and combustion chamber (9) gasification and combustion reaction heat release preheating to reach 370 DEG C in air preheater (14), be sent in vaporizer (5) and combustion chamber (9) as Secondary Air, participate in gasification reaction;
4) molten slag that, vaporizer (5) internal face produces is drained in slag trapping box (7) in liquid form by slag notch (6) after molten slag bath is collected;
5) a large amount of fuel gas, produced in vaporizer (5), the first taper reducing through vaporizer (5) afterbody enters in combustion chamber (9), the Secondary Air sent into combustion chamber (9) tangential direction mixes strongly, carries out Thorough combustion and produces high-temperature flue gas; The waste heat boiler (13) that high-temperature flue gas enters combustion chamber (9) afterbody by the second taper reducing carries out heat recovery; The molten slag bath of the slag that combustion chamber (9) generates in running through combustion chamber (9) bottom is collected and is discharged in liquid form by slag notch; Excess air coefficient in combustion chamber (9) is greater than 1.1.
9. method of operating according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, the low-temperature flue gas of waste heat boiler (13) afterbody is incorporated in combustion chamber (9) through flue gas recirculation device (11) by blower fan (12), in order to reduce the ignition temperature in combustion chamber (9), maintain the low-temperature burning in combustion chamber (9).
CN201310092193.3A 2013-03-21 2013-03-21 A kind of leather waste gasification, and combustion and heat recovery system and method for operating thereof Expired - Fee Related CN103363530B (en)

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CN104588388A (en) * 2013-10-30 2015-05-06 河北赢丰再生资源利用有限公司 Comprehensive utilization method for chromium-containing leather waste
CN104152181A (en) * 2014-08-15 2014-11-19 陈涛 Carbon-molecule gasification combustion boiler (kiln) method
CN108253424A (en) * 2018-03-02 2018-07-06 深圳市宜和勤环保科技有限公司 A kind of integration of gasification and combustion processing unit
CN113694711B (en) * 2021-10-28 2021-12-24 瑞润化工(南通)有限公司 Method for recycling waste gas in production of soft-touch leather coating

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