CN103340316A - Special compound feed for sturgeon, and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special compound feed for sturgeon, and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a special compound feed for sturgeon, and a preparation method thereof. The special compound feed is prepared from the following materials according to weight percent: 28%-40% of bean pulp, 20%-25% of wheat middling, 25%-35% of fish meal, 7%-9% of fish oil, 6%-7% of shrimp powder, 0.2%-0.4% of salt, 0.1%-0.3% of bilineurine, and 0.9%-1.5% of special sturgeon feed additives, wherein the sum of the weight percent of the materials is 100%. By adopting the special compound feed for the sturgeon disclosed by the invention, the economic benefits of artificial breeding of the sturgeon can be obviously improved, the diseases, especially bacterial septicemia, a bacterial hemorrhagic disease and bacterial enteritis, in the artificial breeding process of the sturgeon can be obviously reduced, the survival ratio of the sturgeon is improved by 13%-16%, the growth of the sturgeon promoted, and the quality of the sturgeon can be improved. As the raw materials of the feed are cheap, the production and use costs of the special compound feed are relatively low and are saved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of fodder, relate generally to the used for aquiculture feed, particularly a kind of sturgeon cultivation special compound feed and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Sturgeon is the cartilage ganoid, its delicious meat, nutritious (being rich in brain gold and B family vitamin), be subjected to numerous gourmets' favorable comment, it is the first-class delicious food in the food, has very high economic worth, the title that " black gold " is arranged, at present external sturgeon fishery is one of industry that profit is the highest in the world.In recent years; along with development of human society; setting up of rivers and lakes power station and building up of ship lock; the oneself who the has seriously influenced sturgeon channel of looking for food; cause the endangered stage of rare special aquatic products such as sturgeon; on April 1st, 1998 rose, and the United Nations's Washington pact (CITIS) is regarded as endangered watching for animals with the wild sturgeon in the whole world.The domestic sturgeon of China mainly is distributed in the Changjiang river, Heilungkiang and tributary thereof, and have 2 sections 4 at present and belong to 11 kinds, in order to increase stock number, in protection, the measure that our country has also adopted propagation to release and propagate artificially.The sturgeon fast growth, wide temperature, wide salt, strong to the adaptability of environment, have good breed characteristic.In the sturgeon feeding process, feed, diseases prevention and breeding environment are to culture successful key, China is obtaining bigger progress aspect the research of the artifical compound feed of special aquatic products in recent years, effectively promoted the development of the breed of sturgeon, but in some critical scientific and technological contents higher technical formula and technological process, also do not obtain more quantum jump.The domestic present sturgeon amount of propagating artificially reaches about 5,000 ten thousand tails, need feed more than 2.3 ten thousand tons, feed resource mainly is that the import feed accounts for more than 50%, and the import feed price is higher, about 13000 yuan/ton, spend a large amount of foreign exchange resources, domestic also have part enterprise also to begin to produce the special aquatic products mixed feed, but it is required far can not to reach the sturgeon growth, and the feed conversion rate variance, the resource wave is useless very big, even serious environment pollution.Because the sturgeon hone lamella is hard, the gill is partly exposed, carries out high-density breeding under artificial environment in addition, frays mutually and is infected easily, and disease also increases gradually, and the generation of sturgeon bacterial disease has become the bottleneck of sturgeon cultivation industry at present.The bacteriosis of sturgeon mainly contains bacterial septicemia and bacillary hemorrhage (swollen mouth disease), bacillary enteritis, and cause of disease mainly is Aeromonas, has extremely strong infectiousness, and ill sturgeon death rate height has caused very big loss to production.The antibiotic etc that adopt are prevented and treated more when the sturgeon disease prevention and cure, but antibiotic etc is controlled easy polluted water, causes the medicament residue phenomenon, and dose is excessive also can to have a negative impact to the growth of sturgeon.In addition, the long-term use of most antibiotics medicine has also caused the chemical sproof generation of pathogenic bacteria, has caused difficulty finally for the control of disease.
Therefore, the research of disease prevention and cure is task of top priority, exploitation is fit to the mixed feed of China's sturgeon kind, reduce sufferer on the one hand, reduce and culture risk, on the other hand, minimizing is to the dependence of import feed, save production cost, with maximized acquisition economic benefit, this be guarantee that sturgeon cultivation continues, one of the key of stable development.
Summary of the invention
Propagate the middle problem that exists artificially for solving existing sturgeon, the present invention aims to provide a kind of sturgeon and propagates special compound feed and preparation method thereof artificially.
For addressing the above problem, the present invention adopts following technological means:
A kind of sturgeon special compound feed, it is characterized in that, raw material by following weight percentage is made: dregs of beans 28～40%, inferior powder 20～25%, fish meal 25～35%, fish oil 7～9%, extra large shrimp med 6～7%, salt 0.2～0.4%, choline 0.1～0.3%, sturgeon feed additive special 0.9 ~ 1.5%, more than the weight percentage sum of each raw material be 100%.
Wherein said sturgeon feed additive special is made by the raw material of following weight portion: 5 parts of phoenix-tail ferns, 4 parts of Chinese lobelia, 5 parts of the capsules of weeping forsythia, 4 parts of purple perillas, 8 parts in garlic, 7 parts of anises, 4 parts in Radix Glycyrrhizae, 5 parts of the root of herbaceous peonys, 10 parts of corn protein powders; The preparation method of described sturgeon feed additive special is: take by weighing each raw material by weight, at first seven kinds of Chinese medicines such as phoenix-tail fern, Chinese lobelia, the capsule of weeping forsythia, purple perilla, garlic, anise, Radix Glycyrrhizae and the root of herbaceous peony etc. that take by weighing are mixed and be crushed to about about 50 orders, then pulverizing is obtained herb powder and mix with the corn protein powder that takes by weighing, stir the back packing namely.
Preferably, made by the raw material of following weight percentage: dregs of beans 30.3%, inferior powder 22%, fish meal 31%, fish oil 8%, extra large shrimp med 7%, salt 0.3%, choline 0.2%, sturgeon feed additive special 1.2%.
All right, preferably, made by the raw material of following weight percentage: dregs of beans 40%, inferior powder 20%, fish meal 25.5%, fish oil 7%, extra large shrimp med 6%, salt 0.3%, choline 0.2%, sturgeon feed additive special 1.0%.
The preparation method of sturgeon special compound feed of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) percentage composition takes by weighing each raw material by weight, and dregs of beans, inferior powder, fish meal, extra large shrimp med, salt, choline and sturgeon feed additive special are mixed, and forms compound;
(2) above-mentioned compound is pulverized;
(3) carry out expanded granulation after the modulation of the material after will pulverizing;
(4) with the oven dry of the particle after the expanded granulation, cooling, screening;
(5) refined fish oil that takes by weighing is sprayed on the qualified particle after the screening, finished product packing namely obtains sturgeon special compound feed of the present invention.
Sturgeon special compound feed of the present invention has following advantage and beneficial effect:
At first, the present invention is according to the nutritional need in sturgeon growth characteristic and the growth and development process, having selected dregs of beans, inferior powder, fish meal, extra large shrimp med, salt, choline, fish oil and sturgeon feed additive special for use is raw material, draw best proportioning through repetition test, it is the maximized nutritional need that satisfies sturgeon of energy on the one hand, promote the growth of sturgeon, on the other hand, it has stopped wasting phenomenons such as overnutrition, avoid overnutrition to cause the generation of water body eutrophication, and reduced production cost effectively.
Secondly, among the present invention according to the growth characteristic of sturgeon, easy ill disease and the custom of searching for food, added homemade sturgeon feed additive special, it has selected natural, safe medicinal herb components for use, follow the preparation principle of " monarch ", finally determined kind and the optimum amount of Chinese herbal medicine through repetition test and checking, make wherein Synergistic between the various traditional Chinese medicine ingredients, mutually promote, reached fabulous growth promotion, the technique effect of immune, the pre-disease prevention of raising.Selected phoenix-tail fern wherein, have another name called well head and connect grass, pheasant tail, herb contains plurality of active ingredients such as flavonoids, sterol, has effect clearing heat and detoxicating, the detumescence hemostasis, have good reparation effect for the damage of sturgeon gill portion, can effectively suppress the generation that gill portion infects; Chinese lobelia contains alkaloid, flavonoids, saponin class material, has effect clearing heat and detoxicating, inducing diuresis for removing edema, and is inhibited for pathomycete and bacterium; The capsule of weeping forsythia has effect clearing heat and detoxicating, mass dissipating and swelling eliminating, and Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, Shigella, streptococcus and Aeromonas are had good bacteriostasis; Purple perilla has another name called red Soviet Union, and wherein contained purple perilla is with having very strong antisepsis, and its infusion has good inhibitory effect external to staphylococcus, shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli; Allicin in the garlic is the good sterilization agent, has very strong antibacterial action, and it is cured the disease extensively, share with phoenix-tail fern, the capsule of weeping forsythia, can suppress the generation that Aeromonas infects effectively; Anise has another name called Chinese anise, all has good bacteriostasis for gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria; Radix Glycyrrhizae has the effect with middle emergency, detoxifcation, can improve the immunity of animal effectively; The root of herbaceous peony has the astringe yin of nourishing blood and calm, antibacterial action, and it can improve the immunity of feeding animals effectively.Collaborative mutually between the said herbal medicine, the common promotion reached and improved technique effect immune, that growth promotion is grown.In addition, selected traditional Chinese medicine ingredients anise, garlic and purple perilla is common seasoning Chinese herbal medicine among the present invention, can effectively improve the quality of sturgeon behind the interpolation above-mentioned substance in feed, local flavor material abundance in its flesh of fish, and local flavor is greatly improved.
Adopt sturgeon special compound feed of the present invention can improve the economic benefit of propagating sturgeon artificially significantly, it can significantly reduce the generation that sturgeon is propagated disease in the process artificially, the particularly generation of bacterial septicemia, bacillary hemorrhage and bacillary enteritis, survival rate improves 13 ~ 16%, promote the growth of sturgeon, and can improve the sturgeon quality.And cost of material used in the present invention is all lower, and production and use cost are all relatively low, are conducive to save cost.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: a kind of sturgeon special compound feed, made by the raw material of following weight portion: dregs of beans 30.3%, inferior powder 22%, fish meal 31%, fish oil 8%, extra large shrimp med 7%, salt 0.3%, choline 0.2%, sturgeon feed additive special 1.2%.Wherein said sturgeon feed additive special is made by the raw material of following weight portion: 5 parts of phoenix-tail ferns, 4 parts of Chinese lobelia, 5 parts of the capsules of weeping forsythia, 4 parts of purple perillas, 8 parts in garlic, 7 parts of anises, 4 parts in Radix Glycyrrhizae, 5 parts of the root of herbaceous peonys, 10 parts of corn protein powders; The preparation method of described sturgeon feed additive special is: take by weighing each raw material by weight, at first seven kinds of Chinese medicines such as phoenix-tail fern, Chinese lobelia, the capsule of weeping forsythia, purple perilla, garlic, anise, Radix Glycyrrhizae and the root of herbaceous peony etc. that take by weighing are mixed and be crushed to about about 50 orders, then pulverizing is obtained herb powder and mix with the corn protein powder that takes by weighing, stir the back packing namely.
The preparation method of wherein said sturgeon special compound feed comprises the steps:
(1) percentage composition takes by weighing each raw material by weight, and dregs of beans, inferior powder, fish meal, extra large shrimp med, salt, choline and sturgeon feed additive special are mixed, and forms compound;
(2) above-mentioned compound is pulverized;
(3) carry out expanded granulation after the modulation of the material after will pulverizing;
(4) with the oven dry of the particle after the expanded granulation, cooling, screening;
(5) refined fish oil that takes by weighing is sprayed on the qualified particle after the screening, finished product packing namely obtains sturgeon special compound feed of the present invention.
Embodiment 2: a kind of sturgeon special compound feed, made by the raw material of following weight portion: dregs of beans 40%, inferior powder 20%, fish meal 25.5%, fish oil 7%, extra large shrimp med 6%, salt 0.3%, choline 0.2%, sturgeon feed additive special 1.0%.Other are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3: the animal-breeding test
Sturgeon is propagated the base artificially in Hubei, chooses the mandarin sturgeon of 1000 tail artificial propagations and breed for raising object, is the same batch of same a collection of fry of putting in a suitable place to breed, is divided into 5 groups, and every group of 200 tails adopt identical aquaculture model to manage.Wherein organize 1 and be control group, adopt commercially available import sturgeon mixed feed to raise; Group 2-3 is experimental group, adopts the embodiment of the invention 1,2 sturgeon special compound feed to raise; Group 4-5 is the contrast test group, adopts following comparative experimental example 1,2 mixed feed to feed, and records the growing state in average survival rate and the breeding process, and concrete outcome sees the following form 1:
Table 1: sturgeon growing state record sheet
| Group | The feed of throwing something and feeding | Survival rate | Growing state |
| Group 1 | Commercially available import sturgeon mixed feed | 72.64% | Scale bacterial infection illness appears during this time, and controlled after the administration of antibiotics, cause more fry death, final individuality is less relatively |
| Group 2 | Embodiment 1 | 85.34% | Do not see that during this time the scale infection takes place, rare fry death, final individuality is maximum relatively |
| Group 3 | Embodiment 2 | 87.93% | Do not see that during this time the scale infection takes place, rare fry death, final individual relatively large |
| Group 4 | Comparative experimental example 1 a | 67.22% | Occur scale bacterial infection illness during this time, cause the death of part fry, short-term is used controlled, the disappearance of feed postoperative infection of group 2, and final individuality is minimum relatively |
| Group 5 | Comparative experimental example 2 b | 78.82% | Occur small-scale bacterial infection illness during this time, cause the death of part fry |
A. contrast experiment's example 1: a kind of feed, made by the raw material of following weight portion: dregs of beans: flour 18.4%: fish meal 22%: digested tankage 35%: refined fish oil 10%: extra large shrimp med 8%: salt 6%: choline 0.3%: 0.3%.The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
B. comparative experimental example 2: a kind of feed, made by the raw material of following weight portion: dregs of beans 30.3%, inferior powder 22%, fish meal 31%, fish oil 8%, extra large shrimp med 7%, salt 0.3%, choline 0.2%, sturgeon feed additive special 1.2%.Wherein said sturgeon feed additive special is made by the raw material of following weight portion: 1 part of phoenix-tail fern, 1 part of Chinese lobelia, 4 parts of the capsules of weeping forsythia, 3 parts of purple perillas, 1 part in garlic, 6 parts of anises, 4 parts in Radix Glycyrrhizae, 1 part of the root of herbaceous peony, 13 parts in carrier.The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Shown by above animal feeding experiment result, sturgeon special compound feed involved in the present invention can satisfy the nutritional need in the sturgeon growth and development process, and the production cost of mixed feed per ton only for about 40% of import feed price, has greatly been saved the production cost in the sturgeon cultivation.In addition, sturgeon special compound feed of the present invention can effectively prevent the generation of germ in the sturgeon cultivation process, virus infections illness, the particularly generation of bacterial septicemia, bacillary hemorrhage and bacillary enteritis, its dominant mechanism is to suppress the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the water, improve sturgeon simultaneously to the resistance of pathogenic bacteria, and find also that in the process of feeding for the sturgeon at the susceptible initial stage mixed feed of the present invention of throwing something and feeding, it can play certain therapeutic action.And under the identical situation of other conditions, the speed of growth tool of the sturgeon of the mixed feed of the present invention of feeding has greatly improved, and individual average body is kept burning day and night to be shown greater than contrast and contrast test group.And feed behind the sturgeon special compound feed of the present invention, the immunocompetence of sturgeon increases, and has improved the survival rate of sturgeon, and the flavor quality of sturgeon also is greatly improved.
Test propagating artificially of the acipenser schrencki in Heilungkiang, also obtained identical effect.In large-scale cultivation field, ground breeding process such as Chongqing, Jiangxi, sturgeon special compound feed of the present invention has also been obtained similar effect simultaneously, and the culture benefit in every mu of waters has improved about 30%.
Raw material of the present invention all can be bought from the market.More than disclosed be specific embodiments of the invention only, but the present invention is not limited thereto, any those skilled in the art can think variation, all should drop within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. sturgeon special compound feed, it is characterized in that, raw material by following weight percentage is made: dregs of beans 28～40%, inferior powder 20～25%, fish meal 25～35%, fish oil 7～9%, extra large shrimp med 6～7%, salt 0.2～0.4%, choline 0.1～0.3%, sturgeon feed additive special 0.9 ~ 1.5%, more than the weight percentage sum of each raw material be 100%;
Wherein said sturgeon feed additive special is made by the raw material of following weight portion: 5 parts of phoenix-tail ferns, 4 parts of Chinese lobelia, 5 parts of the capsules of weeping forsythia, 4 parts of purple perillas, 8 parts in garlic, 7 parts of anises, 4 parts in Radix Glycyrrhizae, 5 parts of the root of herbaceous peonys, 10 parts of corn protein powders; The preparation method of described sturgeon feed additive special is: take by weighing each raw material by weight, at first seven kinds of Chinese medicines such as phoenix-tail fern, Chinese lobelia, the capsule of weeping forsythia, purple perilla, garlic, anise, Radix Glycyrrhizae and the root of herbaceous peony etc. that take by weighing are mixed and be crushed to about about 50 orders, then pulverizing is obtained herb powder and mix with the corn protein powder that takes by weighing, stir the back packing namely.
2. sturgeon special compound feed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, preferably, made by the raw material of following weight percentage: dregs of beans 30.3%, inferior powder 22%, fish meal 31%, fish oil 8%, extra large shrimp med 7%, salt 0.3%, choline 0.2%, sturgeon feed additive special 1.2%.
3. sturgeon special compound feed according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, all right, preferably, made by the raw material of following weight percentage: dregs of beans 40%, inferior powder 20%, fish meal 25.5%, fish oil 7%, extra large shrimp med 6%, salt 0.3%, choline 0.2%, sturgeon feed additive special 1.0%.
4. one kind prepares the described sturgeon special compound feed of claim 1 method, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) percentage composition takes by weighing each raw material by weight, and dregs of beans, inferior powder, fish meal, extra large shrimp med, salt, choline and sturgeon feed additive special are mixed, and forms compound;
(2) above-mentioned compound is pulverized;
(3) carry out expanded granulation after the modulation of the material after will pulverizing;
(4) with the oven dry of the particle after the expanded granulation, cooling, screening;
(5) refined fish oil that takes by weighing is sprayed on the qualified particle after the screening, finished product packing namely obtains sturgeon special compound feed of the present invention.
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