CN103315138A - Processing method of animal feed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a processing method of an animal feed. The processing method includes the following concrete operation steps: 1, respectively crushing corns and rice bran to obtain corn meal and bran powder, crushing rice straws to obtain straw powder, crushing alfalfa straws to obtain alfalfa powder, cooking soybean meal and then drying and crushing the soybean meal to obtain soybean meal powder; 2, evenly mixing the corn meal, the bran powder, the soybean meal powder, the straw powder, the alfalfa powder, blood plasma powder, salt and water according to a formula to obtain mixed materials; 3, adding the mixed materials into an extrusion-expansion machine, so as to obtain an expanded feed, wherein the conversion rate of a soluble fiber of the expanded feed is 65-70%; the rate of converting starch into resistant starch is 50-65%; the rate of converting protein in blood plasma powder into small peptides is 68-78%; the equivalent grain size is 8.5-9mm; the porosity is 0.3350-0.3435; the moisture content is 8-10%.

Description

A kind of processing method of animal and fowl fodder

Technical field

The invention belongs to the animal and fowl fodder technical field, be specifically related to a kind of processing method of animal and fowl fodder.

Background technology

The animal feeds such as livestock and poultry need a large amount of protein, and China's a large amount of foreign exchanges of annual cost are from national imported fish meals such as Peru, to satisfy the demand of Chinese Feed Industrial.China is the production and consumption big country of livestock and poultry, and livestock and poultry are huge in the accessory substance plasma powder output of slaughtering, and has to surpass 100,000 ton/years blood meal production capacity.Animal is slaughtered blood a large amount of in the process and goes out of use, and is discharged in the sewage, has wasted fund, has polluted environment.Expansion animal blood meal utilizes scope, improves the utilization rate of blood meal in feed processing, for the quality that improves animal and fowl fodder, reduces feeding cost, and minimizing livestock and poultry processing pollution etc. all has very important economic benefit and social benefit.

Extrusion is material to be imposed HTHP then reduce pressure, and utilizes the expansion characteristics of material itself and the flash evapn of its internal moisture (flash distillation), makes the institutional framework of material and a kind of process technology that physicochemical property changes; Material extruding is expanded, and the most basic is exactly for animal provides asepticize, cured feed, thereby reduces the ill risk of animal body, improves the production performance of animal body.The advantage of extrusion feed comprises: (1) improves the palatability of feed.Feedstuff is after extrusion is processed, and fragrance increases, and palatability improves, energy stimulating animal appetite; (2) improve feed digestibility.Feed is after extrusion is processed, and the fiber sum is constant behind the extrusion, and the content of soluble dietary fiber significantly increases, and the degree that makes the organic backbones such as protein, fat become the short chain structure increases, and is easy to digest; (3) improve feed quality, because protein combines with starch matrix, be difficult for when therefore feeding running off, only have when in the animal body during digestive ferment starch-splitting ability with protein release out improved tiring of protein; (4) extend the shelf life, extrusion is processed capsule carburetion fat in the raw molecule is discharged, improved fatty heat energy value, extrusion also forms combination product lipoprotein or lipopolysaccharides with fat with starch or albumen, reduced free fatty acid content, simultaneously passivation lipase, suppressed the degraded of grease, reduced product store with transportation in the becoming sour of lubricant component; (5) improve feed safety, the feed extrusion, the most basic is exactly to have reduced the bacterium in the raw material, mould and fungi content, improved the health quality of feed, for animal body provides asepticize, cured feed, thereby reduce the ill risk of animal body, reduce the addition of various drug ingedients; (6) reduce cost, can select more kinds of cheap raw materials to substitute those expensive raw materials, improve in large quantities low-quality raw materials and tire, reduce cost, and can not have influence on product quality.

Summary of the invention

For the quality, the reduction cost that improve animal and fowl fodder, the present invention provides a kind of processing method for preparing high-quality animal and fowl fodder by extruding and puffing technology.

A kind of processing method concrete operation step of animal and fowl fodder is as follows:

(1) corn and rice bran are pulverized 40 mesh sieves, obtained respectively corn flour and bran powder; Rice straw is pulverized 20 mesh sieves, obtained rice straw powder; The clover crushed stalk is crossed 40 mesh sieves, obtain alfalfa meal; 121 ℃ of temperature, steam pressure 103.4kPa, then boiling Soybean Meal 10～15 minutes is dried to Soybean Meal moisture content 10～15%, pulverizes 40 mesh sieves, obtains soybean meal powder; Be that 8～12% animal bloods were pulverized 40 mesh sieves with water content, obtain plasma powder;

(2) get 40～45 parts of corn flour, 20～25 parts of bran powders, 12～18 parts of soybean meal powders, 10～15 parts of rice straw powders, 5～8 parts of alfalfa meals, 2～2.5 parts of plasma powders, 0.2～0.3 part of salt, 15 ~ 20 parts in water, mix, obtain mixed material;

(3) mixed material is added extruder and carry out expanding treatment, obtain expanded pellet diet; The conversion ratio of the Soluble Fiber of expanded pellet diet is 65～70%, it is 50～65% that starch is converted into the resistant starch rate, and to be converted into the protein small peptide conversion ratio be 68～78% to albumen in the plasma powder, equivalent particle size 8.5～9mm, porosity is 0.3350～0.3435, and moisture is 8～10%.

Useful technique effect of the present invention embodies in the following areas:

1. the animal and fowl fodder product comprehensive nutrition that obtains of the present invention, the animal absorption efficiency is high, is fit to multiple livestock and poultry and uses.Each tool advantage of raw material trophic function that the present invention uses, wherein, corn flour also contains the nutriments such as riboflavin in the corn except containing carbohydrate, protein, fat, carrotene; Rice bran is the superficial layer that is attached to after the paddy husking on the brown rice, by exocarp, mesocarp, hand over the sign layer, planting skin and aleurone forms, concentrated 64% rice nutrient and 90% above human essential elements in the rice bran, its chemical composition is with carbohydrate, fat and protein are main, also contain more vitamin, the nutrient such as phytate and mineral matter, and contain tocopherol, the tocopherol triolefin, the γ Hi-Z, 28 carbon alkanols, alpha-lipoic acid, squalene, ceramide, nearly 100 kinds of bioactie agents with various functions such as beta carotene and essential fatty acid; Contain protein about 43% in the Soybean Meal, lysine 2.5%～3.0%, tryptophan 0.6%～0.7%, methionine 0.5%～0.7%, cystine 0.5%～0.8%, nicotinic acid 15～30mg/Kg, choline 2200～2800mg/Kg; Rice straw powder is rich in crude fibre, crude fibre 38.65%, and thick protein 4.28%, crude fat 2.27% is applicable to ox, pig, bird feed; Alfalfa meal protein 17%～20%, crude fat 2%～3%, coarse ash about 10%, wherein, calcium content 1.5%, phosphorus 0.1%～0.3% contains abundant vitamin and trace element in the clover, the necessary iron of livestock and poultry, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt and selenium are arranged in the trace element, and wherein, content of iron and manganese is more; Protein content in the plasma powder of animal origin is high, and the amino acid Compositional balance is better, and various essential amino acids such as lysine, tryptophan and threonine content are relatively high.Except methionine, other various amino acid whose ileal digestibilities are all more than 80%.Contain abundant immunoglobulin (Ig) in the plasma powder, account for 22% and contain in addition other bioactivator, such as albumin, growth factor, biologically active peptide (antibacterial peptide, transferrin), hormone, various enzyme and other unknown factor; These active materials play an important role to growth and the health of animal.Therefore this prescription combines the physiological development needs of livestock and poultry, behind macronutrient, micronutrient element, intestinal microecology balance and palatability equal angles screening and optimizing, obtains prescription of the present invention; On the other hand, after the plasma powder extrusion was processed, the plasma powder that is rich in animal high protein was converted into very easily absorbed protein small peptide, and protein small peptide does not need the hydrolytic digestion process through stomach protease, can directly be absorbed by animal, significantly improve the utilization ratio of protein in the plasma powder;

2. the cost of animal and fowl fodder product of the present invention significantly reduces.Compare with other feed formulas, the present invention has obviously improved the ratio of rice straw powder and alfalfa meal, main cause is: (1) behind extrusion, the dietary fiber that most celluloses of rice straw powder and hemicellulose are converted into solubility, it is very soft that institutional framework becomes; (2) for improving the palatability of feed, under the prerequisite that guarantees feed nutrition, increased the ratio of rice straw powder and alfalfa meal.Correspondingly, the corn flour that price is relatively costly and the content decrease of soybean meal powder, the comprehensive process cost descends; On the other hand, improve the ratio of rice straw powder and alfalfa meal, be beneficial to the microecological balance of safeguarding in the animal intestinal, improve the efficient that absorbs of feed nutrition, prevent the intestines problems such as constipation;

3. the present invention especially is fit to the production and processing of the southern feeds such as Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces, Hainan, Hunan.Southern climates is moistening, high temperature and rainy, the feed of high protein is as easy as rolling off a log to be polluted by pathogenic bacteria, and in addition, south abounds with paddy rice, the rice straw rich content, expanding treatment method of the present invention helps to improve the utilization ratio of feed on the one hand, reduces cost, the security that helps on the other hand to improve feed, prolong the feed shelf-life, be adapted at vast rural area and livestock and poultry business enterprise expand.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.

Embodiment 1:

Corn and bran powder are broken to 40 orders, obtain respectively corn flour and bran powder; Rice straw is broken to 20 orders, obtains rice straw powder; With dried clover crushed stalk to 40 order, obtain alfalfa meal; 121 ℃ of temperature, steam pressure 103.4kPa, then boiling Soybean Meal 15 minutes is dried to Soybean Meal moisture content 10 %, crushes and screens 40 order particles, obtains soybean meal powder;

With corn flour 40 Kg, bran powder 25 Kg, soybean meal powder 12 Kg, rice straw powder 15 Kg, alfalfa meal 7 Kg, plasma powder 2 Kg, salt 0.2 Kg, water 20 Kg; Mix, obtain mixed material; Wherein, plasma powder is produced by Tianjin Baodi Agricultural Science ﹠ Technology Co., Ltd.;

Mixed material is carried out expanding treatment, the equipment that adopts is the single screw squeezing expansion machine that the U.S. numerical controlled machinery of Jinan Chinese Co., Ltd produces, and the parameter of setting comprises: 2.5 millimeters of nib annular spaces, screw rod end are to 115 ℃ of 4.5 millimeters of distances, sleeve temperature, sleeve force due to centrifugal action 65 kg/cm of template inner surface ², screw speed 82 r/min; Mixed material is by after continuously mixed, modified, intensification, supercharging, slaking, extruding nib and suddenly step-down process, and product is bulk cellular, obtains finished feed, and finished feed fragrance significantly increases, the palatability raising.

The conversion ratio of the Soluble Fiber of finished feed is 68%, and it is 53% that starch is converted into the resistant starch rate, and to be converted into the protein small peptide conversion ratio be 70% to albumen in the plasma powder, equivalent particle size 8.5mm, and porosity is 0.3355, moisture is 10%, detects without pathogenic bacteria.

The rice straw powder and the alfalfa meal that contain higher proportion in the present embodiment, lower protein content, the plasma powder of lower content is suitable as the bird feeds such as chicken, duck, goose.

Embodiment 2:

Corn and bran powder are broken to 40 orders, obtain respectively corn flour and bran powder; Rice straw is broken to 20 orders, obtains rice straw powder; With dried clover crushed stalk to 40 order, obtain alfalfa meal; 121 ℃ of temperature, steam pressure 103.4kPa, then boiling Soybean Meal 12 minutes is dried to Soybean Meal moisture content 10%, crushes and screens 40 order particles, obtains soybean meal powder;

With corn flour 45 Kg, bran powder 25 Kg, soybean meal powder 16 Kg, rice straw powder 10 Kg, alfalfa meal 5 Kg, plasma powder 2.5 Kg, salt 0.25 Kg and water 18 Kg; Mix, obtain mixed material; Plasma powder is produced by Tianjin Baodi Agricultural Science ﹠ Technology Co., Ltd.;

Mixed material is carried out expanding treatment, the equipment that adopts is the single screw squeezing expansion machine that the U.S. numerical controlled machinery of Jinan Chinese Co., Ltd produces, and the parameter of setting comprises: 3 millimeters of nib annular spaces, screw rod end are to 120 ℃ of 3.5 millimeters of distances, sleeve temperature, sleeve force due to centrifugal action 85 kg/cm of template inner surface ², screw speed 85 r/min; Mixed material is by after continuously mixed, modified, intensification, supercharging, slaking, extruding nib and suddenly step-down process, and product is bulk cellular, obtains finished feed, and finished feed fragrance significantly increases, the palatability raising;

The conversion ratio of the Soluble Fiber of finished feed is 70%, and it is 64% that starch is converted into the resistant starch rate, and to be converted into the protein small peptide conversion ratio be 75% to albumen in the plasma powder, equivalent particle size 9mm, and porosity is 0.3435, moisture is 8%, detects without pathogenic bacteria.

The rice straw powder and the alfalfa meal that contain low ratio in the present embodiment, higher protein content, the content of plasma powder is higher, is suitable as the livestock feeds such as pig.

Embodiment 3:

Corn and bran powder are broken to 40 orders, obtain respectively corn flour and bran powder; Rice straw is broken to 20 orders, obtains rice straw powder; With dried clover crushed stalk to 40 order, obtain alfalfa meal; 121 ℃ of temperature, steam pressure 103.4kPa, then boiling Soybean Meal 13 minutes is dried to Soybean Meal moisture content 10 %, crushes and screens 40 order particles, obtains soybean meal powder;

With corn flour 43 Kg, bran powder 22 Kg, soybean meal powder 15 Kg, rice straw powder 12 Kg, alfalfa meal 6 Kg, plasma powder 2.3 Kg, salt 0.25 Kg and water 18Kg, mix, obtain mixed material; Plasma powder is produced by Tianjin Baodi Agricultural Science ﹠ Technology Co., Ltd.;

Mixed material is carried out expanding treatment, the equipment that adopts is the single screw squeezing expansion machine that the U.S. numerical controlled machinery of Jinan Chinese Co., Ltd produces, and the parameter of setting comprises: 2.8 millimeters of nib annular spaces, screw rod end are to 118 ℃ of 3.6 millimeters of distances, sleeve temperature, sleeve force due to centrifugal action 71 kg/cm of template inner surface ², screw speed 83 r/min; Mixed material is by after continuously mixed, modified, intensification, supercharging, slaking, extruding nib and suddenly step-down process, and product is bulk cellular, obtains finished feed, and finished feed fragrance significantly increases, the palatability raising.

The conversion ratio of the Soluble Fiber of finished feed is 69%, and it is 61% that starch is converted into the resistant starch rate, and to be converted into the protein small peptide conversion ratio be 75% to albumen in the plasma powder, equivalent particle size 8.6mm, and porosity is 0.3405, moisture is 9%, detects without pathogenic bacteria.

In this embodiment, protein, the content of starch and fiber is moderate, and the nutritive index of finished feed satisfies pig, the requirement of the animal and fowl fodders such as chicken, duck, goose.

Claims (1)

1. the processing method of an animal and fowl fodder is characterized in that concrete operation step is as follows:

(1) corn and rice bran are pulverized 40 mesh sieves, obtained respectively corn flour and bran powder; Rice straw is pulverized 20 mesh sieves, obtained rice straw powder; The clover crushed stalk is crossed 40 mesh sieves, obtain alfalfa meal; 121 ℃ of temperature, steam pressure 103.4kPa, then boiling Soybean Meal 10～15 minutes is dried to Soybean Meal moisture content 10～15%, pulverizes 40 mesh sieves, obtains soybean meal powder; Be that 8～12% animal bloods were pulverized 40 mesh sieves with water content, obtain plasma powder;

(2) get 40～45 parts of corn flour, 20～25 parts of bran powders, 12～18 parts of soybean meal powders, 10～15 parts of rice straw powders, 5～8 parts of alfalfa meals, 2～2.5 parts of plasma powders, 0.2～0.3 part of salt, 15 ~ 20 parts in water, mix, obtain mixed material;

(3) mixed material is added extruder and carry out expanding treatment, obtain expanded pellet diet; The conversion ratio of the Soluble Fiber of expanded pellet diet is 65～70%, it is 50～65% that starch is converted into the resistant starch rate, and to be converted into the protein small peptide conversion ratio be 68～78% to albumen in the plasma powder, equivalent particle size 8.5～9mm, porosity is 0.3350～0.3435, and moisture is 8～10%.