CN103069999B - Own-rooted seedling breeding technology for apple dwarf rootstocks - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an own-rooted seedling breeding technology for apple dwarf rootstocks. The own-rooted seedling breeding technology comprises hot bed cultivation of apple dwarf rootstock young shoots, a young shoot cuttage pre-treatment technology, a nutrition pot direct cuttage technology, an intermittent spray control technology and seedling hardening and transplanting. Due to the adoption of the technology, plant cutting nursery of apple dwarf rootstocks and other difficultly-rooted woody plants can be realized, current year cuttage can be realized, and the nursery requirement of a grafting thickness is met in a current year; and the technology plays an important role in prompting rapid development of dwarf thick planting of apples in China.

Description

A kind of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees own-rooted tree raising technology

Technical field

The present invention relates to difficulty and take root that the epicormic branch cuttage of woody plant is taken root, nursery technology, relate in particular to a kind of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees own-rooted tree raising technology.

Background technology

At present the Main Cultivation pattern of Chinese apple is tall anvil dense planting, and tall anvil dense planting exists the problems such as administration fee expenses of labour power, technical sophistication, orchard closing, fruit quality is wayward.Downgrading dense planting is the developing direction of Apple Culture, and this not only can improve land utilization rate, shortens the result time limit, is suitable for light streamlining management, and can improves output and fruit quality.At present, Systems in Certain Developed Countries is downgraded apple area and has been accounted for the more than 90% of the Apple Culture gross area.

The key that realizes Cultivation of Apple Under Dwarf And Close Planting is to adopt suitable dwarfing rootstock.China carries out introduction and the utilization research of dwarfing rootstock since the sixties in last century, that on producing at present, promote mainly is Britain M26, but it can not adapt to the working condition of the major apple production area such as Hebei China, Liaoning, particularly cold tolerance is poor, winter freeze calamity and stripping phenomenon are very serious, cannot meet China compared with the needs of cryogenic region Cultivation of Apple Under Dwarf And Close Planting, cause China to downgrade apple cultivation area still less than 1%.

China starts the seed selection work of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees from the initial stage sixties, a series of good dwarfing rootstocks such as SH system, Liaozhen 2 and GM256 are successively selected, these stocks are all better than external stock in Chinese adaptability, resistance, but because of its cuttage root-taking rate low, only have 20.5%-50%, can not reach the requirement of nursery stock production.Can only cultivate and obtain part from rootstock by tissue at present, but because cost is too high, large scale application aborning so far.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method of low cost, high efficiency breeding Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees own-rooted tree.

Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees own-rooted tree raising technology provided by the invention is, hotbed is cultivated the treatment agent processing of taking root before Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees spray, epicormic branch cuttage, nutritive cube cuttage, intermittent spraying processing and is combined, and realizes the batch production of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees own-rooted tree and breeds.

Preferably, the step of hotbed cultivation Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees spray is as follows:

1. hotbed adopts the method for heating wire heating or heated kang heating, and temperature is controlled within the scope of 15-30 ℃;

2. such as, band root Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees seedling level on stock (Malus spectabilis etc.) of grafting is planted on seedbed, with vermiculite covering 4-6 centimetre, expedites the emergence of tender shoots.

Preferably, take root before the epicormic branch cuttage step for the treatment of agent processing is as follows:

1. plant hormone has IBA or ABT root-inducing powder, and concentration range is at 500-3000 mg/kg;

2. additive is 75% powder of carbendazim, concentration 300-1000 times of liquid;

3. solution preparation method: IBA or ABT root-inducing powder water or alcohol dissolving, be mixed with the concentration of 500-3000 mg/kg, add the carbendazim of respective concentration to be the treatment agent of taking root;

4. the spray base portion cultivating is for subsequent use second at the quickly dipped 3-5 of taking root in treatment agent.

Preferably, nutritive cube cuttage step is as follows:

1. nutritive cube is prepared: filling matrix in the nutritive cube of diameter 8-10 centimetre (such as vegetable garden soil etc.), and block pattern row pattern, in the ready furrow in greenhouse, fills with permeable;

2. by the epicormic branch cuttage of handling well in nutritive cube, after cuttage, spray water, soil is fully contacted with spray.

Preferably, intermittent spraying treatment step is as follows:

1. adopt spraying system humidification, system is controlled automatically with time controller, and spray intervals is: spraying 3-5 minute, and intermittently 10-20 minute, to guarantee that wilting does not appear in the blade of cuttage spray;

2. greenhouse temperature is controlled between 15-25 ℃, when temperature during higher than 25 ℃ by adding a cover shade net and/or leaking informaton control.

Preferably, also comprise following acclimatization and transplants step:

1. hardening: after spray is taken root, stop spraying, continue to cultivate 5-10 days in greenhouse, then nutrition pot seedling is shifted out to greenhouse, cultivate 3-5 days under natural lighting;

2. transplant: do furrow in land for growing field crops, line-spacing 40-50 centimetre, laying plastic after pouring water is pressed 15-20 centimetre of spacing in the rows punching on mulch film, and nutrition pot seedling is removed after nutritive cube, plants in the hole of accomplishing fluently, and proceeds to normal field management after pouring water.

This technology can also

For the breeding of the plant with difficult rooting such as pears, Chinese chestnut, walnut, persimmon.

The present invention has advantages of: simply easy, with low cost, practical, the applicable seeds of method of operating are extensive, and the factorial seedling growth that advances woody plant is significant.

Embodiment

Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees own-rooted tree raising technology provided by the invention is that hotbed vernalization, HORMONE TREATMENT, nutritive cube cuttage, intermittent spraying processing are combined, and realizes the technology that the batch production of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees own-rooted tree is bred.Relate generally to:

1. hotbed is cultivated Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees spray;

2. epicormic branch cuttage pretreatment technology;

3. nutritive cube cuttage technology;

4. intermittent spraying control technology;

5. acclimatization and transplants.

Illustrate below:

Example 1: the epicormic branch cuttage of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees SH6 own-rooted tree is bred

SH6 seedling level by 500 strain graftings on Malus spectabilis stock is planted on hotbed, cover 4-6 centimetre of vermiculite, temperature is controlled at 20 ℃, after 30 days, grow the tender tip of 4892 SH6, in the time that the tender tip forms 4-5 sheet leaf, break 4680 tender tips from base portion, with 1000 mg/kg IBA(containing 800 times of liquid 75% carbendazim) quickly dipped 5 seconds, cuttage is in the nutritive cube that vegetable garden soil is housed, when cuttage, use sunshade net shading, after cuttage, open intermittent sprayer unit, it is every spraying 2 minutes that spray time controller is set, intermittently 8 minutes, open sunshade net.When greenhouse skylight is set to higher than 25 ℃, automatically opens and leak informaton, when open in skylight, temperature during still higher than 25 ℃, is used shade net shading, guarantees that greenhouse temperature is controlled at below 25 ℃.Cuttage checks the situation of taking root in 25 days afterwards, and rooting rate reaches 89%, and the quantity of taking root of the tender tip of cuttage is at 5-15 bar, and wherein 80% the new radical of the tender tip is between 8-12 bar.

Example 2: the epicormic branch cuttage of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees SH18 own-rooted tree is bred

Cultivate the tender tip of SH18 Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees according to the method for example 1, with the ABT root-inducing powder processing of 2000ppm, within after cuttage 26 days, check, rooting rate is 86.3%, and the radical of each cuttage seeding is between 4-11 bar.

Example 3: Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees SH6 cuttage seeding hardening and field-transplanting

The SH6 cuttage root-taking seedling of breeding in example 1 is stopped to spraying for the 27th day after cuttage, continued growth 5 days in 16-25 ℃ of greenhouse, now the soil on nutritive cube surface is dry, nutritive cube is moved in Turnover Box, move on to outside greenhouse, at sunshine, hardening is continued in the place of abundance, and in nutritive cube, antecedent soil moisture time water spray is processed.

The nutrition pot seedling of having taken exercise is removed to nutritive cube, in field, after field planting, water flood by the distance between rows and hills definite value of 15 centimetres of 40 cm x.Proceed to normal field management later.In September, investigation is found: transplanting survival rate reaches 96%, and the nursery stock that can arrive grafting rugosity reaches 91%.

Claims (6)

1. a Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees own-rooted tree raising technology, it is characterized in that, hotbed is cultivated the treatment agent processing of taking root before Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees spray, epicormic branch cuttage, nutritive cube cuttage, intermittent spraying processing and is combined, and realizes the batch production of Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees own-rooted tree and breeds

The step that hotbed is cultivated Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees spray is as follows:

1. hotbed adopts the method for heating wire heating or heated kang heating, and temperature is controlled within the scope of 15-30 ℃;

2. the band root Dwarf Stocks For Apple Trees seedling level of grafting on stock is planted on seedbed, with vermiculite covering 4-6 centimetre, expedites the emergence of tender shoots.

2. apple according to claim 1 is downgraded own-rooted tree raising technology, and the step of the treatment agent processing that it is characterized in that taking root before epicormic branch cuttage is as follows:

1. plant hormone has IBA or ABT root-inducing powder, and concentration range is at 500-3000mg/kg;

2. additive is 75% powder of carbendazim, concentration 300-1000 times of liquid;

3. solution preparation method: IBA or ABT root-inducing powder water or alcohol dissolving, be mixed with the concentration of 500-3000mg/kg, add the carbendazim of respective concentration to be the treatment agent of taking root;

4. the spray base portion cultivating is for subsequent use second at the quickly dipped 3-5 of taking root in treatment agent.

3. apple according to claim 1 is downgraded own-rooted tree raising technology, it is characterized in that nutritive cube cuttage step is as follows:

1. nutritive cube is prepared: filling matrix in the nutritive cube of diameter 8-10 centimetre, and block pattern row pattern, in the ready furrow in greenhouse, fills with permeable;

2. by the epicormic branch cuttage of handling well in nutritive cube, after cuttage, spray water, soil is fully contacted with spray.

4. apple according to claim 1 is downgraded own-rooted tree raising technology, it is characterized in that intermittent spraying treatment step is as follows:

1. adopt spraying system humidification, system is controlled automatically with time controller, and spray intervals is: spraying 3-5 minute, and intermittently 10-20 minute, to guarantee that wilting does not appear in the blade of cuttage spray;

2. greenhouse temperature is controlled between 15-25 ℃, when temperature during higher than 25 ℃ by adding a cover shade net and/or leaking informaton control.

5. apple according to claim 1 is downgraded own-rooted tree raising technology, characterized by further comprising following acclimatization and transplants step:

1. hardening: after spray is taken root, stop spraying, continue to cultivate 5-10 days in greenhouse, then nutrition pot seedling is shifted out to greenhouse, cultivate 3-5 days under natural lighting;

2. transplant: do furrow in land for growing field crops, line-spacing 40-50 centimetre, laying plastic after pouring water is pressed 15-20 centimetre of spacing in the rows punching on mulch film, and nutrition pot seedling is removed after nutritive cube, plants in the hole of accomplishing fluently, and proceeds to normal field management after pouring water.

6. the propagation technique of plant with difficult rooting, is characterized in that, this raising technology is the raising technology described in claim 1-5 any one, and described plant with difficult rooting is pears, Chinese chestnut, walnut or persimmon.