CN102798471A - 一种红外探测器及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明针对现有技术中的红外探测器在其读出电路制作完成后需要合适的化学机械抛光工艺来实现硅片表面的平坦化,电路面积大,以及系统集成工艺要求高的缺陷,提供一种红外探测器及其制备方法。该红外探测器包括红外探测元件和读出电路,红外探测元件形成在第一衬底的一侧,红外探测元件的边缘具有电极孔,其中,读出电路形成在第二衬底的一侧,并且读出电路具有电极,第一衬底上形成有贯穿第一衬底的并且填充有导电材料的硅通孔,所述红外探测元件的电极孔与所述读出电路的电极通过硅通孔中填充的导电材料彼此电连接。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及红外探测领域,尤其涉及一种红外探测器及其制备方法。
背景技术
红外探测器是一种对红外辐射敏感的器件,其可以把不可见的红外辐射转换为可见或者可测量的信号。红外探测器按制冷方式可以分为制冷型红外探测器和非制冷型红外探测器。由于非制冷型红外探测器具有室温工作、无需制冷、光谱响应与波长无关、制备工艺相对简单、成本低、体积小、易于使用、维护和可靠性好等优点,成为红外探测器的一个极富前景的发展方向。
目前最主流的非制冷型红外探测器是氧化钒微桥红外探测器,其通过在微桥桥面上制作电阻温度系数(TCR)较高的氧化钒热敏薄膜实现热探测。这种类型的红外探测器的制备工艺流程包括4个部分(具体如图1所示):(1)在硅片上制备红外辐射探测器的读出电路(ROIC);(2)淀积牺牲层薄膜、光刻、刻蚀图形;(3)在图形化的牺牲层上依次淀积低应力氮化硅支撑层、氧化钒薄膜,并制作用于互连的金属布线层,最后在薄膜表面淀积一层很薄的氮化硅保护层;(4)刻蚀硅片上的牺牲层,释放红外辐射探测器的微桥结构。
在图1所示的工艺流程中,读出电路制作完成后,需要合适的化学机械抛光(CMP)工艺来实现硅片表面的平整化,以控制之后微桥结构的桥面高度均匀性。所以,这种工艺流程需要使用较为严格的读出电路平坦化技术。另外,上述结构在微桥结构的边缘需要预留足够的空间用于电信号的引出,因此不利于整个探测单元的尺寸减小。并且这种结构在同一衬底上制作,对工艺集成和工艺控制具有严格的要求。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中在制备红外探测器时的上述缺陷,提供一种能够克服上述缺陷的红外探测器及其制备方法。
本发明提供一种红外探测器,该红外探测器包括红外探测元件和读出电路,红外探测元件形成在第一衬底的一侧,红外探测元件的边缘具有电极孔,其中,读出电路形成在第二衬底的一侧,并且读出电路具有电极,第一衬底上形成有贯穿第一衬底的并且填充有导电材料的硅通孔,所述红外探测元件的电极孔与所述读出电路的电极通过硅通孔中填充的导电材料彼此电连接。
本发明还提供一种制备红外探测器的方法,该方法包括:
在第一衬底一侧上刻蚀形成孔并在孔中填充导电材料;
在第一衬底形成了所述孔的一侧上制备红外探测元件,该红外探测元件具有电极孔,电极孔与所述孔电接触;
将所述第一衬底的未制备有所述红外探测元件的一侧减薄直至露出所述孔以形成硅通孔;
对所述第一衬底的未制备有所述红外探测元件的一侧进行金属化;
在第二衬底上制备读出电路,所述读出电路具有电极;
将第一衬底的经金属化的一侧与第二衬底的制备有所述读出电路的一侧进行键合,从而实现所述红外探测元件的电极孔与所述读出电路的电极通过硅通孔中填充的导电材料彼此电连接。
由于在根据本发明的红外探测器中,红外探测元件和读出电路通过硅通孔进行互连,所以不需要如同现有技术那样,在完成读出电路的制作之后进行严格的化学机械抛光工艺来确保带有读出电路的硅片表面的高度均匀性。另外,由于采用了硅通孔技术,所以不需要在红外探测元件的边缘预留足够的空间以用于引出红外探测元件的电学信号,所以能够降低红外探测器的尺寸。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中红外探测器的制备工艺流程;
图2为根据本发明提供的红外探测器的剖面图;
图3为根据本发明提供的红外探测器的制备流程图;
图4-图17为根据本发明的微桥结构非制冷型红外探测器的制备工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图来对根据本发明的非制冷型红外探测器进行详细描述。
如图2所示,根据本发明的红外探测器包括红外探测元件1和读出电路2,红外探测元件1形成在第一衬底100的一侧,红外探测元件1的边缘具有电极孔,其中,读出电路2形成在第二衬底200的一侧,并且读出电路2具有电极,第一衬底100上形成有贯穿第一衬底100的并且填充有导电材料的硅通孔8,所述红外探测元件1的电极孔与所述读出电路2的电极通过硅通孔8中填充的导电材料彼此电连接。
这样,由于根据本发明的红外探测器的红外探测元件1与读出电路2是制作在不同的衬底上的,所以在红外探测元件1的高度(例如微桥的高度)与读出电路的表面二者并无关联,降低了对工艺集成和工艺控制的要求,并降低了对读出电路2的表面平坦化的要求;而且,由于红外探测元件1与读出电路2通过硅通孔8进行互连,从而不需要在红外探测元件1的边缘预留空间以用于引出红外探测元件1的电学信号,所以还降低了红外探测器的电路面积。
在根据本发明的一个优选实施方式中,硅通孔8可以利用金属微凸点、微柱或焊盘结构等与读出电路2的电极电连接。硅通孔8内可以填充有各种类型的导电材料,例如铜、钨、多晶硅、导电聚合物、金属-聚合物复合材料等中的一者或多者。
另外,硅通孔8是深宽比较大的通孔。根据红外探测器单元尺寸的要求,硅通孔8的直径可以位于1-20微米的范围内,硅通孔8的深度可以位于20-200微米的范围内。
图2还示出了红外探测元件1的示例性微桥结构。但是需要说明的是,本发明的红外探测器中的红外探测元件1不仅可以是微桥结构,而且还可以是其他结构,例如微悬臂结构。图2中所示的微桥结构的红外探测元件1包括反射层3、支撑层4、热敏元件层5、互连层6和保护层7,并且支撑层4、热敏元件层5、互连层6和保护层7依次层叠,反射层3与支撑层4之间则形成有空腔,该空腔构成了谐振腔,在红外探测元件1的边缘还有与硅通孔8互连的电极孔9,互连层6电连接到该电极孔9。
下面结合图3对根据本发明的红外探测器的制备方法进行描述。如图3所述,根据本发明的制备红外探测器的方法包括:
S31、在第一衬底一侧上刻蚀形成孔并在孔中填充导电材料;
S32、在第一衬底形成了所述孔的一侧上制备红外探测元件,该红外探测元件具有电极孔,该电极孔与所述孔电接触;
S33、将所述第一衬底的未制备有所述红外探测元件的一侧减薄直至露出所述孔以形成硅通孔;
S34、对所述第一衬底的未制备有所述红外探测元件的一侧进行金属化;
S35、在第二衬底上制备读出电路,所述读出电路具有电极;
S36、将第一衬底的经金属化的一侧与第二衬底的制备有所述读出电路的一侧进行键合,从而实现所述红外探测元件的电极孔与所述读出电路的电极通过硅通孔中填充的导电材料彼此电连接。
下面以微桥结构的红外探测元件为例,结合图4-图17来说明根据本发明的红外探测器的详细制备流程。
首先,如图4所示,在第一衬底100上形成孔。该第一衬底100可以是本领域技术人员熟知的硅衬底、绝缘体上硅(SOI)衬底或者其他衬底。该孔是高深宽比的孔。根据红外探测器单元尺寸的要求,该孔的直径可以位于1微米到20微米的范围内,该孔的深度可以位于20微米到200微米的范围内。另外,可以采用深度反应离子刻蚀(DRIE)工艺或者其他刻蚀工艺来形成该孔。
之后,如图5所示,在形成的孔的底部和侧壁上形成绝缘层10。其中,可以采用热氧化或化学汽相淀积(CVD)等工艺来形成绝缘层10。
之后,如图6所示,在形成所述绝缘层10的所述孔的底部和侧壁上形成扩散阻挡层20。其中,该扩散阻挡层20可以采用物理汽相淀积(PVD)或化学汽相淀积(CVD)或原子层淀积(ALD)等工艺形成,并且,淀积所采用的材料可以是Ti、Ta、TiN、TaN等。
之后,如图7所示,在形成所述扩散阻挡层20的所述孔的底部和侧壁上形成种子层30,并之后在该孔内填充导电材料40(诸如铜、钨、多晶硅、导电聚合物、金属-聚合物复合材料等)。其中,可以通过化学汽相淀积、化学镀或电接技技术等形成种子层30,可以通过电镀、物理汽相淀积、化学汽相淀积等工艺来填充导电材料40。
之后,可以对填充了导电材料40的第一衬底100的表面进行抛光(例如,采用化学机械抛光等工艺)。图4-图7的流程实现了硅通孔的前期制作。
之后,如图8所示,在第一衬底100上形成反射层3并进行图形化。该反射层3可以通过光刻、化学汽相淀积或物理汽相淀积等工艺形成。该反射层3可以采用NiCr合金、Au等金属材料。反射层3的作用是提高红外探测器的红外吸收,从而提高红外探测器的响应度。
之后,如图9所示,在反射层3上形成牺牲层50并进行图形化。其中,牺牲层50可以选用非晶硅材料,并且该牺牲层50可以通过等离子增强化学汽相淀积或物理汽相淀积等工艺形成。
之后,如图10所示,在牺牲层50上形成支撑层4。该支撑层4的材料可以选用氮化硅等材料,并且该支撑层4可以通过化学汽相淀积或物理汽相淀积等工艺形成。
之后,如图11所示,在支撑层4上形成热敏元件层5并进行图形化。其中,该热敏元件层5可以通过化学汽相淀积或物理汽相淀积等工艺形成。形成该热敏元件层5的材料可以是具有较高电阻温度系数的薄膜材料(例如,氧化钒等)。
之后,如图12所示,在热敏元件层5上形成互连层6并进行图形化,该互连层6上具有用于与所形成的硅通孔电连接的电极孔9。其中,该互连层6可以通过化学汽相淀积或物理汽相淀积等工艺形成。
之后,如图13所示,在热敏元件层5和互连层6上形成保护层7并进行图形化。其中,该保护层7可以通过化学汽相淀积或物理汽相淀积等工艺形成。
至此,通过图8-图13就形成了微桥结构的红外探测元件1。从图13可以看出,该红外探测元件1包括反射层3、支撑层4、热敏元件层5、互连层6和保护层7。其中,牺牲层50将在后续的工艺流程中被去除,以形成反射层3与支撑层4之间的谐振空腔。
之后,如图14所示,将形成了微桥结构的第一衬底100与临时键合圆片60进行键合,例如,通过键合胶80进行键合。该临时键合圆片60相当于保护膜,能够在后续流程中对微桥结构进行保护。应当理解的是,除了临时键合圆片60,还可以采用本领域技术人员公知的其他保护结构实现在后续流程中对微桥结构的保护。
之后,如图15所示,对带有微桥结构的第一衬底100进行背面减薄,以露出在图4-图7中形成的孔。然后,对暴露的孔进行金属化工艺,以制备后续流程中键合用的金属微凸点、微柱或焊盘结构70。
之后,如图16所示,在第二衬底200上制备红外探测器的读出电路2,并利用倒装键合工艺,将带有微桥结构的红外探测元件1的第一衬底100与带有读出电路2的第二衬底200进行键合以实现红外探测元件1与读出电路2的电连接。其中,根据本发明的红外探测器的读出电路2可以采用标准CMOS工艺进行制作。
之后,如图17所示,去掉临时键合圆片60和键合胶80,并刻蚀牺牲层50,得到最终的红外探测器。
本领域技术人员应当理解,图4-图17仅是以微桥结构的红外探测器为例说明了根据本发明的红外探测器的制备流程,但并不构成对本发明的限制。在不背离本发明精神和范围的情况下,可进行各种修改和变形。例如,可以先去掉临时键合圆片60和键合胶80,然后再进行带有微桥结构的红外探测元件1的第一衬底100与带有读出电路2的第二衬底200的键合;也可以先制备红外探测元件1,然后再制备硅通孔,等等。而且,根据本发明的红外探测器中的红外探测元件的结构并不局限于微桥结构,其也可以采用微悬臂结构。由于微悬臂结构对于本领域技术人员而言是公知的,所以此处不再赘述。
Claims (11)
1.一种红外探测器,该红外探测器包括红外探测元件和读出电路,红外探测元件形成在第一衬底的一侧,红外探测元件的边缘具有电极孔,其中,读出电路形成在第二衬底的一侧,并且读出电路具有电极,第一衬底上形成有贯穿第一衬底的并且填充有导电材料的硅通孔,所述红外探测元件的电极孔与所述读出电路的电极通过硅通孔中填充的导电材料彼此电连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的红外探测器,其中,所述红外探测元件为微桥结构元件。
3.根据权利要求2所述的红外探测器,其中,所述红外探测元件包括反射层、支撑层、热敏元件层、互连层和保护层,并且所述支撑层、所述热敏元件层、所述互连层和所述保护层依次层叠,所述反射层与所述支撑层之间形成有空腔,所述互连层连接到所述电极孔。
4.根据权利要求1所述的红外探测器,其中,所述导电材料选自铜、钨、多晶硅、导电聚合物、金属-聚合物复合材料构成的组中的一者或多者。
5.根据权利要求1所述的红外探测器,其中,所述硅通孔的直径位于1-20μm的范围内,所述硅通孔的深度位于20-200μm的范围内。
6.一种制备红外探测器的方法,该方法包括:
在第一衬底一侧上刻蚀形成孔并在孔中填充导电材料;
在第一衬底形成了所述孔的一侧上制备红外探测元件,该红外探测元件具有电极孔,该电极孔与所述孔电接触;
将所述第一衬底的未制备有所述红外探测元件的一侧减薄直至露出所述孔以形成硅通孔;
对所述第一衬底的未制备有所述红外探测元件的一侧进行金属化;
在第二衬底上制备读出电路,所述读出电路具有电极;
将第一衬底的经金属化的一侧与第二衬底的制备有所述读出电路的一侧进行键合,从而实现所述红外探测元件的电极孔与所述读出电路的电极通过硅通孔中填充的导电材料彼此电连接。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中,该方法还包括:
在对第一衬底进行减薄之前,在第一衬底的制备有所述红外探测元件的一侧上形成保护膜;以及
在将第一衬底的经金属化的一侧与第二衬底的制备有所述读出电路的一侧进行键合之后,去掉所述保护膜。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法,其中,所述在第一衬底一侧上刻蚀形成孔并在孔中填充导电材料的步骤包括:
在第一衬底一侧上刻蚀形成孔;
在所述孔的底部和侧壁上形成绝缘层;
在形成了所述绝缘层的所述孔的底部和侧壁上形成扩散阻挡层;
在形成了所述扩散阻挡层的所述孔的底部和侧壁上形成种子层;
在形成了所述种子层的所述孔内填充导电材料。
9.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法,其中,所述硅通孔的直径位于1-20μm的范围内,所述硅通孔的深度位于20-200μm的范围内。
10.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法,其中,导电材料选自铜、钨、多晶硅、导电聚合物、金属-聚合物复合材料构成的组中的一者或者多者。
11.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,在第一衬底的制备有所述红外探测元件的一侧上形成保护膜包括:在所述第一衬底的制备有所述红外探测元件的一侧上键合保护性硅片。
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