CN102724966B - 含有标记有特异标靶白细胞介素-4受体的缩氨酸的脂质体的癌症诊断或治疗用靶向药物传输系统及其制造方法 - Google Patents
含有标记有特异标靶白细胞介素-4受体的缩氨酸的脂质体的癌症诊断或治疗用靶向药物传输系统及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种含有标记有特异标靶白细胞介素-4受体的缩氨酸的脂质体的癌症诊断或治疗用靶向药物传输系统及其制造方法。依据本发明的标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的抗癌剂含有脂质体通过与IL-4受体特异结合的IL4RPep缩氨酸可以有选择性地将药物向IL-4受体过表达的癌症细胞传输,这种药物传输能够通过标记物质对癌症细胞进行特异性识别。因此,IL4RPep缩氨酸能够只针对癌症组织增强药物疗效,同时显著降低对正常组织的副作用,从而可以针对肿瘤进行活体体内成像及早期诊断。因此,标记有本发明的IL4RPep缩氨酸的抗癌剂含有脂质体作为一种靶向药物传输系统对于癌症诊断与治疗非常有用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种含有标记有特异标靶白细胞介素-4受体的缩氨酸的脂质体的癌症诊断或治疗用靶向药物传输系统及其制造方法。
背景技术
白细胞介素-4(interleukin-4,IL-4)是由辅助性T细胞2(T-helper2,Th2) 淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、肥大細胞等分泌的具有多种免疫调节功能的细胞因子。IL-4 受体存在于正常细胞中T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞、CD34骨髓细胞等细胞表面(Nelms,Annu Rev Immunol,1999;17:701-738)。IL-4受体包括由IL-4受体α链与IL-2受体γc链构成复合体的第1型和由IL-4受体α链与IL-13受体α1链构成复合体的第2型两种形态。如果IL-4与受体结合,就会通过细胞内janus激酶(janus kinase)使STAT6信号蛋白磷酸化及激活,受激活的STAT6以二聚体形态向核移动,调节项关于IL-4的多种基因的表达,使炎症增加。同时,还通过janus激酶使AKT/PKB激活,增加细胞的生存反应(Nelms et al.,Annu Rev Immunol, 1999;17:701-738)。IL-4诱导初始辅助性T细胞(naive T-helper,naive Th)分化为Th2淋巴细胞,并诱导产生IL-4,IL-5,IL-9,IL-13等细胞因子。另外,还诱导由B淋巴细胞引发的IgE(immunoglobin E)的分泌。特别是,对于哮喘患者来说,IL-4能够诱导粘液蛋白即粘蛋白(mucin)基因的表达并促进粘液分泌,从而对于气道阻塞和炎症的治疗有重要的作用(Paul,Blood,1991; 77:1859-1870)。如上所述,IL-4是过敏性炎症反应的核心物质。因此,如果能够适当阻止通过IL-4调节的效果,就能够很好地应用于过敏性疾病的治疗。
另外,研究发现IL-4在多种癌症组织中都具有比在正常组织中更高的浓度,在肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes,TILs)中也有大量的IL-4生成(Shurin,Springer Semin Immunopathol,1999;21:339)。IL-4作用于慢性淋巴性白血病B细胞,诱发针对这些细胞的细胞死亡的抵抗性(Dancescu,J Exp Med,1992;176:1319)。另外,据最近的研究表明,IL-4也可以在肿瘤细胞及癌症干细胞中合成,并通过癌症细胞表面的IL-4受体赋予针对细胞死亡的癌症细胞抵抗性(Todaro,Cell Death Differ, 2008;15:762-772; Todaro,Cell Stem Cell,2007,1:389-402)。IL-4受体在非小细胞肺癌脑肿瘤、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、胰腺癌、肾癌、前列腺癌、肾癌及卡波西氏肉瘤(kaposi's sarcoma)等多种癌症细胞中都比在正常细胞中具有更多的表达。当考虑由IL-4受体诱发的癌症细胞的抗癌剂耐性获得及在癌症细胞中更高的表达程度时,IL-4受体可以看作是一种用于癌症标靶的有好前景的标靶。现研究表明,使IL-4自身一部分变形之后,再利用其与绿脓杆菌毒素(psuedomonas toxin)结合形成的融合蛋白对癌症细胞进行标靶,将毒素注入细胞内就可以将癌症细胞杀死(Joshi,Cancer Res,2001;61:8058-8061; Garland,J Immunother, 2005;28:376-381; Kioi,Cancer Res,2005;65:8388-8396; Kawakami,Clin Cancer Res,2002;8:3503-3511)。
另外,现在已经研发出将针对IL-4自身的多种形态的拮抗剂用作哮喘等的治疗剂。例如:英姆纳克斯公司研发出了分泌型(soluble form) IL-4受体即NuvanceTM并作为哮喘治疗剂进行了临床试验,但是,因其治疗效果不佳而中断。另外,葛兰素史克公司研发出了针对IL-4的单克隆抗体即pascolizumab并进行临床试验,但也被中断。拜耳公司研发出具有两个突变的变形形态的IL-4蛋白即白介素4变异体(pitrakinra)并正在进行临床试验。另外,苏内西斯(Sunesis Pharm. Inc) 公司研发出了具有IL-4拮抗作用的化合物即三苯基化合物(WO0198245)并正在进行临床试验。
现有的抗癌治疗都是通过口服及注射等方法注入药物并在体内保持一定的浓度。这样,药物不仅针对疾病发生部位而且也同时针对正常部位产生影响,从而对身体的副作用较多。为了克服这种副作用,人们越来越关注着对于仅将药物有选择性地向疾病发生部位传输的药物传输系统或者靶向治疗。这是因为即使使用相同剂量的药剂,也可以增加药的效力,同时还能够大大降低对正常组织产生的副作用。
靶向药物传输系统由三部分构成:第一,能够传输药物的水溶性高分子载体;第二,使药物载体能够与所需部位进行选择性反应的物质(target moiety);第三,为了确保药物和高分子载体能够安全地被传输到目标部位而使高分子载体与药物结合(bioconjugated)的间隔段(spacer)。其优点是,当使用脂溶性药物时可以增加药物与水的溶解度,当使用蛋白质或者缩氨酸药物时可以确保蛋白质的形态稳定,当使用抗癌剂时可以降低副作用或者多种药品的耐药性。特别是,注入靶向物质(target moiety)后药物载体能够直接与想要进行治疗的细胞或者组织进行选择性反应,因此,在肿瘤较小的初期阶段也可以使用,能够大大提高疾病疗效。
另外,脂质体是一种由磷脂双层膜包裹水相物质的球状小泡(vesicle)。脂质膜的构成成份是由两个疏水性脂肪族和亲水性磷酸基团构成的两亲性磷脂,在水溶液中形成双层膜,也可以像人造细胞那样形成封闭构造的小泡。在双层膜构造中,非极性脂肪酸尾部朝向膜的内侧,极性的头部朝向外侧。脂质体随薄片(lamella)个数的不同大致可以分为单层薄片脂质体和多层薄片脂质体两类,单层薄片脂质体包含一个脂质双层,多层薄片脂质体包含2个以上的脂质双层。脂质体可以通过多种方法制造[Cullis et al.,in: Liposomes,From Biophvsics to Therapeutics(M. J. Ostro,ed.),Marcel Dekker,pp. 39-72(1987)]。
将药物注入脂质体可以降低药物的毒性并增强其效果,从而可以强化疗效。另外,脂质体与其它的特定物质一起在具有椭圆形毛细血管的组织中被网状内皮细胞系统的巨噬细胞捕获后也可以被直接导入细胞内感染部位。
如上所述,如果使特异标靶IL-4受体的缩氨酸与抗癌剂结合并使其包含于脂质体后用作药物载体,就能够有选择性地向癌症组织传输药物。因此,IL-4受体对于癌症的治疗可以作为智能型药物载体。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明人在研究有关癌症治疗的靶向药物传输系统过程中,制造出了标记有特异标靶IL-4受体的缩氨酸的抗癌剂含有脂质体,上述脂质体通过特异标靶IL-4受体的缩氨酸能够将药物有选择性地向大量表达IL-4受体的癌症细胞传输。
技术方案
本发明的目的在于,提供一种含有标记有特异标靶白细胞介素-4受体的缩氨酸的脂质体的癌症诊断或治疗用靶向药物传输系统及其制造方法。
附图说明
图1是通过荧光显微镜观察IL-4 受体在脑肿瘤细胞(C6及GBM8401)中表达水平的示意图;
图2是通过荧光显微镜观察针对本发明的IL4RPep缩氨酸(0摩尔%,0.75摩尔%,1.5摩尔%或3摩尔%)及罗丹明-PE(红色荧光)一起标记着的脂质体的脑肿瘤细胞(C6及GBM8401)的IL4RPep缩氨酸结合情况的示意图;
图3是通过共聚焦显微镜单层拍摄向依据本发明的IL4RPep缩氨酸(3摩尔%)及罗丹明-PE(红色荧光)一起标记着的脂质体的脑肿瘤细胞(GBM8401)内流入情况的示意图;
图4是将脑肿瘤细胞株(GBM8401)移植到免疫缺陷老鼠脑组织后将由依据本发明的IL4RPep缩氨酸(0 摩尔%,0.25 摩尔%,0.75 摩尔%,1.5 摩尔%或者3摩尔%)及1摩尔%的罗丹明-PE(红色荧光)一起标记着的脂质体通过老鼠的尾静脉注入体内后按不同的时间间隔(24小时、48小时、72小时及144小时)观察脑肿瘤标靶的活体荧光影像(A)及其定量化结果(B)的示意图;
图5是将本发明的标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体(IL4RPep-Lipo-Dox)向异种移植插入荧光素酶基因的脑肿瘤细胞的裸鼠注入之后观察肿瘤大小的示意图;
图6是通过荧光显微镜观察肺癌细胞(H226及H460)中IL-4受体表达水平的示意图;
图7是通过荧光显微镜观察IL4RPep缩氨酸与由依据本发明的IL4RPep缩氨酸(1.5摩尔%)及Cy5.5(红色荧光)一起标记着的脂质体的肺癌细胞(H226及H460)结合及向细胞内流入情况的示意图;
图8是利用多柔比星的自身荧光(红色)观察药物向本发明的标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体(IL4RPep-Lipo-Dox)的肺癌细胞(H226及H460)内传输标准的示意图;
图9是将本发明的标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体(IL4RPep-Lipo-Cy5.5)通过静脉向异种移植肺癌细胞的裸鼠注射后通过荧光显微镜观察肿瘤组织内脂质体所获结果(A),利用针对血管生物标志物即CD31的抗体对肿瘤组织进行染色(绿色荧光)后通过高倍荧光显微镜观察所获结果(B)的示意图;
图10是将本发明的标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体(IL4RPep-Lipo-Dox)向异种移植肺癌细胞的裸鼠注入后利用多柔比星的自身荧光(红色)(B)观察肿瘤大小(A)和肿瘤组织内多柔比星量的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种癌症诊断或治疗用靶向药物传输系统,其特征在于:有效成份包括含有抗癌剂的脂质体,上述抗癌剂标记有特异标靶含有序列号1的氨基酸序列的白细胞介素-4(IL-4)受体的缩氨酸,上述缩氨酸在脂质体内整体脂质中占0.1~5摩尔%。
另外,本发明提供的癌症诊断或治疗用靶向药物传输系统的制造方法,包括以下几个步骤:
1) 将第1脂质、第2脂质及胆固醇与乙醇混合,在水中水合之后,通过过滤器制造出匀质脂质体的步骤;
2)使抗癌剂包含于在上述1)步骤中制造的脂质体中的步骤;
3)使上述2)步骤中制造的抗癌剂含有脂质体中包含标记物质并进行标记的步骤;
4) 特异标靶具有序列号1的氨基酸序列的IL-4受体的缩氨酸[IL4RPep缩氨酸]与修饰有马来酰亚胺(maleimide)的DSPE-PEG2000 (DSPE-PEG2000-马来酰亚胺)结合之后,使DSPE-PEG2000-IL4RPep与含有由上述3)步骤中制造的标记有标记物质的抗癌剂的脂质体进行反应,从而第二次向脂质体插入的步骤。
下面,将对本发明进行详细说明。
依据本发明的癌症诊断或治疗用靶向药物传输系统,其特征在于:包含作为有效成份的含有抗癌剂的脂质体,上述抗癌剂标记有特异标靶含有序列号1的氨基酸序列(CRKRLDRNC)的IL-4受体的缩氨酸[IL4RPep缩氨酸],上述缩氨酸在脂质体内整体脂质中占0.1~5摩尔%。
上述脂质体是由第1脂质、第2脂质及胆固醇构成的多层薄片脂质体。
上述第1脂质包括:磷脂酸胆碱(phosphatidyl choline,PC)、磷脂酰甘油(phosphatidyl glycerol,PG)、磷脂酰丝氨酸 (phosphatidyl serine,PS)和磷脂酰乙醇胺(phosphatidyl ethanolamine,PE)等磷脂,但并非仅限定于此。优选地,上述第1 脂质在脂质体内整体脂质中占60~70摩尔%。
上述第2脂质包括二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇 (distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine-polyethylenoglycol,DSPE-PEG)等,但并非仅限定于此。优选地,上述第2脂质在脂质体内整体脂质中占1~10摩尔%。
优选地,上述胆固醇在脂质体内整体脂质中占1~40摩尔%。
上述抗癌剂包括:多柔比星、紫杉醇、长春新碱、柔红霉素 (daunorubicin)、长春花碱(vinblastine)、放线菌素D(actinomycin-D)、多西他赛、依托泊苷(etoposide)、替尼泊苷(teniposide)、比生群 (bisantrene)、高三尖杉酯碱(homoharringtonine)、格列卫(Gleevec; STI-571)、 顺铂、5-氟尿嘧啶、阿霉素、甲氨蝶呤、白消安(busulfan)、苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide)、马法兰 (melphalan)、氮芥(nitrogen mustard)、亚硝基脲(nitrosourea)等,但并非仅限定于此。
上述癌症是IL-4受体过表达的癌症,IL-4受体过表达的癌症包括:肺癌、 脑肿瘤、乳腺癌、肝癌、皮肤癌、食道癌、睾丸癌、肾癌、大肠癌、直肠癌、 胃癌、肾癌、膀胱癌、卵巢癌、胆管癌、胆囊癌、子宫癌、宫颈癌、前列腺癌、头颈癌、胰腺癌、扁平上皮细胞癌等,但并非仅限定于此。
下面,将分步骤对依据本发明的癌症诊断或治疗用靶向药物传输系统的制造方法进行详细说明。
上述1)步骤是制造脂质体的步骤,将第1脂质、第2脂质及胆固醇按60~70 : 1~10 : 1~40的摩尔比溶于50~70℃的乙醇中,然后将上述脂质混合物按照1:5~15的体积比混入50~70℃的水中发生水合作用。将上述水合的脂质混合物通过具有0.01~0.5?大小孔的聚碳酸酯薄膜过滤器使脂质体的大小变得更加均匀,脂质体的大小可以通过公知的多种方法进行调节。
优选地,上述制造的脂质体为具有2个以上脂质双层的多层薄片脂质体,多层薄片脂质体的直径在5?以下,优选的是在1? 以下,最优选的是在50~500?之间,特别优选的是在80~150?之间。
上述2)步骤是使抗癌剂包含于脂质体的步骤,使脂质体溶液内水相(water phase)即硫酸盐((NH4)2SO4)喷出之后,将脂质体放入浸在含有NaCl的足量的10%蔗糖溶液中的透析膜内,将脂质体表面的硫酸盐除去。然后,将抗癌剂加入脂质体溶液中,在50~70℃的条件下反应1~3小时后迅速冷却,使抗癌剂包含于脂质体内。在这种情况下,脂质体内包含的抗癌剂浓度为1~5 ㎎/?,优选是1.5~2 ㎎/?。使上述抗癌剂包含于脂质体的方法可以按照本领域公知的方法执行,以单纯的捕集(scavenging)与封装(encapsulation)为主,也可以通过共价键、交联键等结合方式执行。
上述3)步骤是使标记物质包含于抗癌剂含有脂质体中并进行标记的步骤。
上述标记物质用于确认是否标靶本发明脂质体的癌症细胞及便于进行定量处理,可以按照本领域公知的方法标记脂质体。上述标记物质包括放射性同位素(例如:125I,32P,35S),发色团 (chromophore),发光物质或荧光物质[例如:FITC,RITC,荧光蛋白(GFP; 绿色荧光蛋白); EGFP(增强型绿色荧光蛋白),RFP(红色荧光蛋白); DsRed(珊瑚红色荧光蛋白); CFP(青色荧光蛋白),CGFP(青绿色荧光蛋白), YFP(黄色荧光蛋白),Cy3,Cy5,Cy5.5 及 Cy7.5],顺磁粒子(super paramagnetic particles),超顺磁粒子(ultrasuper paramagnetic particles)及发色酶(例如:过氧化物酶,碱性磷酸酶)等,但并非仅限定于此。
利用标记物质的检测方法可以按照本领域公知的方法执行, 例如:可以按照下述方法执行。如果利用荧光物质作为能够检测的标记物质,可以采用免疫荧光染色法。例如:使利用荧光物质标记的本发明的脂质体与样品反应,将未结合或者非特异结合的产物除去之后,在荧光显微镜下可以观察到脂质体发出的荧光。另外,如果利用酶作为能够检测的标记物质,通过酶反应后利用基质的发色反应测定吸光度,如果能够检测的标记物质是放射线物质,就可以通过测定放射线的放出量实施。同时,检测结果可以按照检测标记的公知影像化处理方法进行影像化处理。
上述 4)步骤是将缩氨酸标记在脂质体表面的步骤,使对含有序列号1的氨基酸序列(CRKRLDRNC)的IL-4受体进行特异标靶的缩氨酸[IL4RPep缩氨酸]按照1:1~3的摩尔比与由马来酰亚胺(maleimide)修饰的DSPE-PEG2000 (DSPE-PEG2000-马来酰亚胺)结合之后,将DSPE-PEG2000-IL4RPep在50~70℃的条件下与标记有标记物质的含有抗癌剂的脂质体反应1~3小时,第二次插入至脂质体。在这种情况下,被标记的IL4RPep缩氨酸量在脂质体内整体脂质中占0.1~5摩尔%,优选地,占0.1~3摩尔%。
优选地,通过上述方法制造的脂质体中,IL4RPep缩氨酸及标记物质分别被标记在脂质体表面,抗癌剂被封装至脂质体内部或者与表面的脂质结合。
可以观察到,特异标靶依据本发明IL-4受体的缩氨酸在脑肿瘤细胞(C6,GBM8401)中的C6细胞内发出比较弱的荧光,且几乎没有表达IL-4 受体。与此相反,可以观察到在GBM8401细胞内发出较强的荧光,并大量表达IL-4受体。由此可知,根据癌症细胞的种类不同,其表达情况也不一样。
另外,可以观察到本发明的标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体在GBM8401细胞内发出较强的红色荧光, IL4RPep缩氨酸大量结合,特别是,标记有3 摩尔%的IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体与脑肿瘤细胞的结合最强。与此相反,可以观察到在C6细胞内发出较弱的荧光,IL4RPep缩氨酸几乎没有结合。
另外,可以观察到本发明的标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体在GBM8401细胞内部发出较强的红色荧光,特别是,在细胞中心也存在大量的荧光,由此可知有大量的脂质体流入细胞内。特别是,在标记有1.5 摩尔%的IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体中,活体内标靶最优秀,注入体内48小时后发出最大的荧光信号。
另外,如果将本发明的标记有 IL4RPep 缩氨酸的脂质体(IL4RPep-Lipo-Dox)注入于异种移植脑肿瘤细胞(GBM8401)的裸鼠内时,与注入未标记有IL4RPep 缩氨酸的脂质体(Lipo-Dox)的情况相比,显著抑制肿瘤生长。
另外,可以观察到特异标靶本发明IL-4受体的缩氨酸在肺癌细胞(H226,H460)中H226细胞内发出较强的荧光,并大量表达IL-4 受体。与此相反,在H460细胞内发出较弱的荧光,且几乎没有表达IL-4 受体。由此可知,根据癌症细胞的种类不同,其表达情况也不一样。
另外,可以观察到本发明的标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体在H226细胞内发出较强的红色荧光,IL4RPep缩氨酸大量结合,并流入细胞内。与此相反,在H460细胞内发出较弱的荧光,IL4RPep缩氨酸几乎没有结合,也没有流入细胞内。
另外,当使本发明的标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体 (IL4RPep-Lipo-Dox) 在H226细胞内反应时,与未标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体(Lipo-Dox)相比,可以观察到由抗癌剂发出的红色荧光更多。与此相反,在H460 细胞内,不仅标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体(IL4RPep-Lipo-Dox),而且未标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体(Lipo-Dox)反应时,也会发出较弱的荧光。
另外,可以观察到,在肺癌细胞(H226)组织中同时标记有本发明的IL4RPep缩氨酸及Cy5.5(红色荧光)的脂质体[IL4RPep-Lipo-Cy5.5]发出大量的红色荧光。与此相反,未标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸而仅标记有Cy5.5(红色荧光)的脂质体 [Lipo-Cy5.5]几乎没有发出红色荧光。另外,在肿瘤的血管及其周围组织中大量标靶出标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体[IL4RPep-Lipo-Cy5.5]。
另外,如果将本发明的标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体(IL4RPep-Lipo-Dox)注入于异种移植肺癌细胞(H226)的裸鼠时,与注入未标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体(Lipo-Dox)或者抗癌剂(Dox) 本身的情况相比,抑制肿瘤生长的效果非常明显,可以观察到肿瘤组织内由多柔比星发出的红色荧光明显增多。因此,向肿瘤组织内传输的多柔比星(红色荧光)量与上述由脂质体抑制肿瘤生长的效果密切相关。
如上所述,依据本发明的标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的抗癌剂含有脂质体可以通过与IL-4受体特异结合的IL4RPep缩氨酸将药物有选择性地向IL-4受体过表达的癌症细胞内传输,这种药物传输可以通过标记物质特异识别癌症细胞。因此,IL4RPep缩氨酸可以只针对癌症组织增强药物疗效,同时,显著降低对正常组织产生的副作用,可以完成针对肿瘤的活体内成像及早期诊断。因此,本发明的标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的抗癌剂含有脂质体作为靶向药物传输系统,可以有效用于癌症诊断或治疗。
为了方便注入,依据本发明的脂质体可以追加制造包含1种以上药学上可接受的载体。药学上可接受载体可以使用生理盐水、无菌水、林格氏溶液、缓冲生理盐水、葡萄糖溶液、麦芽糊精溶液、甘油、乙醇及将这些成份中1种以上成份混合使用。根据需要,可以添加抗氧化剂、缓冲液、抑菌剂等其它普通的添加剂。另外,也可以补充添加稀释剂、分散剂、表面活性剂、结合剂及润滑剂制作成水溶液、悬浊液、乳浊液等注射用剂型及丸剂、胶囊、 颗粒或者片剂。另外,也可以利用本领域的适当方法或者Remington's Pharmaceutical Science(最新版)、Mack Publishing Company、Easton PA所公开的方法分别根据不同的疾病或者成份按最优选的方式制作。
依据本发明的脂质体根据所用方法的不同可以采用口服或者非口服的方式(例如:适用于静脉内、皮下、腹腔内或者局部)注入,注入量根据患者体重、年龄、性别、健康状况、饮食、注入时间、注入方法、排泄率及疾病的重症度等情况的不同,其范围较宽。上述脂质体所含抗癌剂的注入量约为0.1~5㎎/㎏体重(或者10~100 ㎎/㎡体表面积)。优选地,以1周为间隔注射3~4周。
实施例
下面,将提出优选实施例以有助于对本发明的理解。但是,下述实施例仅为了更加容易理解本发明而提供,该实施例并不限定本发明的内容。
实施例 1 :制造标记有特异标靶IL-4受体的缩氨酸及近红外线荧光物质的多柔比星含有脂质体
在本实施例中使用的胆固醇 (cholesterol)、L-α-磷脂酰胆碱(L-α-phosphatidylcholine; PC)、1,2-二酰基-sn-甘油-3-磷酰乙醇胺-N-[?甲氧基(聚乙二醇)-2000] (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy
(polyethylene glycol)-2000]; DSPE-PEG2000)、1,2-二硬酯酰-sn-甘油-3-磷酰乙醇胺-N-[马来酰亚胺(聚乙二醇)-2000] (1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[maleimide(polyethyleneglycol)-2000]、DSPE-PEG2000-马来酰亚胺)等试剂是从Avanti Polar Lipids公司购进的。
1. 制造脂质体
脂质体利用溶剂-注入及喷出法(solvent-injection and extrusion)制造。
首先,将所有的脂质(PC,胆固醇,DSPE-PEG2000)按6:4:0.5的摩尔比溶于60℃的乙醇中,然后,将上述脂质混合物按1:10的体积比混入60℃的水中水合(hydration)1小时。水合将上述水合的脂质混合物6次通过具有 0.2?大小孔 的聚碳酸酯薄膜过滤器(polycarbonate membrane filters)后, 再使其6次通过具有0.05?大小孔的过滤器,使脂质体的大小均匀。脂质体的大小通过动态光散射法(dynamic light scattering; DLS)测定,脂质体的直径为80~120?。
2. 脂质体内含药物
抗癌剂即多柔比星通过使用硫酸盐(ammonium sulfate,(NH4)2SO4)的传统远程运载(remote-loading)法包含于脂质体内。具体地说,就是喷出脂质体溶液内水相(water phase)即250mM (NH4)2SO4。然后,将喷出水相的脂质体放入浸于含有5mM NaCl的足量10%蔗糖溶液内的透析膜(dialysis membrane,分子量3k)内,除去脂质体表面的硫酸铵。然后,将多柔比星HCl溶液加入脂质体溶液中,在50~70℃的条件下反应1~3小时后迅速冷却,使多柔比星包含于脂质体内。在这种情况下,脂质体内含有的多柔比星浓度为1.5~2 ㎎/?。
3. 脂质体内荧光物质的标记
为了将CyTM5.5 阿米迪特(CyTM5.5 amidite) 或者罗丹明-PE(rhodamine-phosphatidylethanolamine; rhodamine-PE; 红色荧光)标记于脂质体上,在乙醇内将这些荧光物质与所有的脂质成份混合后,注入磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)内。由于荧光物质具有疏水性,因此各种荧光物质就内包于脂质体的脂质双层部位。
4. 制造标记有特异标靶IL-4受体的缩氨酸及荧光物质的多柔比星含有脂质体
标记有缩氨酸的脂质体通过后插入(post-insertion)法制造。首先,将
IL4RPep缩氨酸(CRKRLDRNC的氨基酸序列,序列号1)按1:2的比例与
修饰有马来酰亚胺(maleimide)的DSPE-PEG2000 (DSPE-PEG2000-马来酰亚胺)结合。然后,使DSPE-PEG2000-IL4RPep在60℃的条件下与标记有荧光物质的多柔比星含有脂质体反应1小时,第二次插入脂质体内。在这种情况下,标记的缩氨酸的量在脂质体内整体脂质中占0~3摩尔%。
实验例 1 :对脑肿瘤细胞的IL-4 受体表达进行免疫荧光染色及分析
分别在每个培养容器中种植5×104个脑肿瘤细胞(C6及GBM8401)并连夜培养。使用甲醇在-20℃的条件下将细胞固定5分钟后, 将针对标记有FITC(绿色荧光)的IL-4受体的抗体与脑肿瘤细胞在室温条件下反应1小时。反应结束后,通过荧光显微镜观察荧光信号,由此观察IL-4受体的表达水平。
其结果见图1。
如图1所示,可以观察到在C6细胞内发出较弱的荧光,且几乎没有表达IL-4受体。与此相反,在GBM8401细胞内发出较强的荧光,并大量表达IL-4受体。
实验例 2 : 对于脑肿瘤细胞的标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体的结合
按照上述实施例1记载的方法制造出将聚乙二醇、荧光物质(1摩尔%的罗丹明-PE,红色荧光)及IL4RPep缩氨酸(0~3摩尔%)标记在表面的脂质体。分别培养出脑肿瘤细胞(C6及GBM8401)后,将由上述制造的IL4RPep缩氨酸(0摩尔%,0.75摩尔%,1.5摩尔%或者3摩尔%)及1摩尔%的罗丹明-PE(红色荧光) 同时被标记的脂质体在4℃的条件下反应1小时。反应结束后,洗涤细胞,通过荧光显微镜观察荧光信号,由此观察IL4RPep缩氨酸的结合。
其结果见图2。
如图2所示,可以观察到本发明的标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体在 GBM8401细胞内发出较强的红色荧光,由此可知IL4RPep缩氨酸的大量结合,特别是,标记有3摩尔%的IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体与脑肿瘤细胞的结合程度最强。与此相反,标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体在C6细胞内发出较弱的荧光,IL4RPep缩氨酸几乎没有结合。
实验例 3 : 标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体向脑肿瘤细胞(GBM8401)内流入
在培养容器中种植5×104个脑肿瘤细胞(GBM8401),将在上述实验例2中制造的3摩尔%的IL4RPep缩氨酸及1摩尔%的罗丹明-PE(红色荧光)同时被标记的脂质体在37℃的条件下反应1小时。反应后,利用共聚焦显微镜对细胞按约1? 的间隔进行单层摄影,观察细胞内部的荧光。
其结果见图3。
如图3所示,可以观察到标记有本发明的IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体在GBM8401细胞内发出较强的红色荧光。特别是,在距细胞表面5? 左右即细胞中心也存在大量的红色荧光,表明其向细胞内流入的情况比较活跃。
实验例 4 : 标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体对活体内脑肿瘤标靶产生的荧光影像
所有的动物实验都是根据所属机构的动物实验伦理委员会的指导原则实施的。为了对实验动物实施肿瘤异种移植(tumor xenografts),使浮游于培养基的表达磷光(荧光素酶 luciferase)的脑肿瘤细胞株(GBM8401, 1×107个)贯通颅骨移植到6周龄 BALB/c雄性免疫缺乏(severe combined immune deficiency,SCID)老鼠的脑组织内。确保3周内使肿瘤细胞长长至0.5~1㎝大小。然后,将由上述实验例2中制造的IL4RPep缩氨酸(0摩尔%,0.25摩尔%,0.75摩尔%,1.5摩尔%或者3摩尔%) 及1摩尔%的罗丹明-PE(红色荧光)一起被标记的脂质体通过老鼠尾静脉注入体内,分别间隔24小时、48小时、72小时及144小时后观察脑肿瘤标靶形成的活体荧光影像。
其结果见图4。
如图4所示,将由本发明的IL4RPep缩氨酸(0摩尔%,0.25摩尔%, 0.75摩尔%,1.5摩尔%或者3摩尔%)及1摩尔%的罗丹明-PE(红色荧光)一起被标记的脂质体注入老鼠尾静脉后,从第24小时开始观察到荧光影像并持续到144小时为止(A)。另外,与在脑肿瘤培养细胞(GBM8401)内显示出最强结合的标记有3摩尔% 的IL4RPep 缩氨酸的脂质体不同,在活体内标记有1.5 摩尔%的IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体中显示出最优秀的活体内标靶,并且注入体内48小时后发出最大的荧光信号。
实验例 5 :含有IL4RPep缩氨酸介导多柔比星的脂质体对脑肿瘤的选择性药物传输及靶向治疗
为了评估含有本发明的IL4RPep缩氨酸介导多柔比星的脂质体对脑肿瘤的药物传输及促进效果,进行了下述实验。
将插入荧光素酶基因的脑肿瘤细胞株(GBM8401,1×107个)移植入裸鼠脑组织内。为了确保肿瘤移植后经过第6天、9天及13天,多柔比星的量为每老鼠体重单位(㎏)4㎎(4㎎/㎏),将上述实施例1中制造的脂质体溶液注入老鼠尾静脉(共注射3次),在总共16天内对通过由荧光素酶作用发出磷光(luminescence)的总流量(total flux) 即每秒光粒子发散数(photon/s)进行测定,从而观察肿瘤的大小。
其结果见图5。
如图5所示,将本发明的标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体(IL4RPep-Lipo-Dox)注入于异种移植脑肿瘤细胞的裸鼠后,与注入未标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体(Lipo-Dox)相比,肿瘤的生长大约被抑制65%左右,与注入生理盐水相比,肿瘤的生长大约被抑制70%以上,这些数值从统计学上看具有很重要的意义。
实验例 6 : 对肺癌细胞的IL-4受体表达进行免疫荧光染色及分析
培养肺癌细胞(H226及H460),并使IL-4受体的抗体与肺癌细胞在室温条件下反应1小时。反应结束后,再使其与结合有罗丹明(红色荧光)的二次抗体发生反应,并利用DAPI(4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚)试剂进行核染色后,通过荧光显微镜观察荧光信号,由此观察IL-4受体的表达水平。
其结果见图6。
如图6所示,可以观察到在H226细胞内发出较强的荧光,并大量表达IL-4受体,而H460细胞内发出较弱的荧光,且几乎没有表达IL-4受体。
实验例 7 : 标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体与肺癌细胞的结合及向细胞内流入
分别培养肺癌细胞(H226及H460),使IL4RPep缩氨酸(1.5摩尔%)及Cy5.5(红色荧光)一起被标记的脂质体分别在4℃及37℃的条件下反应1小时。反应结束后,洗涤细胞,利用DAPI试剂进行核染色后,通过荧光显微镜观察荧光信号,由此分别观察缩氨酸与细胞的结合及向细胞内流入的情况。
其结合见图7。
如图7所示,可以观察到在H226细胞内发出较强的红色荧光,由此可知IL4RPep缩氨酸的大量结合,并确认其向细胞内流入。相反,在H460细胞内发出较弱的荧光,由此可知IL4RPep 缩氨酸几乎没有结合,并确认其未向细胞内流入。
实验例 8 : 含有IL4RPep缩氨酸介导多柔比星的脂质体向肺癌细胞内选择性传输药物
分别培养肺癌细胞(H226及H460),将上述实施例1中制造的脂质体[由IL4RPep 缩氨酸(1.5摩尔%)及Cy5.5(红色荧光)一起被标记并含有多柔比星的脂质体]在37℃的条件下反应1小时。反应结束后,洗涤细胞,利用DAPI试剂进行核染色后,通过荧光显微镜观察多柔比星自身的荧光(红色),由此观察药物向细胞内传输的水平。
其结果见图8。
如图8所示,可以观察到,H226细胞中使标记有本发明的IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体(IL4RPep-Lipo-Dox)反应时,与未标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体(Lipo-Dox)相比,在多柔比星作用下发出的红色荧光显著增加。但是,在H460细胞内,不仅标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体(IL4RPep-Lipo-Dox),而且未标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体(Lipo-Dox)反应时发出的荧光也比较弱。
实验例 9:标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体在活体内对肺癌细胞标靶
为了对实验动物进行肿瘤异种移植,将在RMPI-1640培养基中培养的人肺癌细胞株(H226,1×107个)通过皮下注入6周龄BALB/c雄性裸鼠(孝昌科技公司)右上肢或下肢部位,使肿瘤细胞生长到0.5~1㎝大小。然后,将IL4RPep缩氨酸及Cy5.5(红色荧光)一起被标记的脂质体按每单位体重(㎏)5㎎(5㎎/㎏)的标准注入长有肿瘤的老鼠尾静脉,循环2小时后摘出肿瘤。将摘出的肿瘤组织制作成冰冻切片后,通过荧光显微镜观察。另外,利用血管生物标志物即CD31的抗体对肿瘤组织进行染色(绿色荧光)后,通过高倍荧光显微镜观察。用于本实验的肺癌细胞株(H226)在添加抗生素(青霉素及链霉素)的含有10%胎牛血清(FBS,fetal bovine serum)的RMPI-1640培养基中进行培养,每隔3~4天进行继代培养。
其结果见图9。
如图9所示,可以观察到在肺癌细胞(H226)组织内同时标记有本发明的IL4RPep缩氨酸及Cy5.5(红色荧光)的脂质体[IL4RPep-Lipo-Cy5.5]发出大量的红色荧光,但是未标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸而仅标记有Cy5.5(红色荧光)的脂质体[Lipo-Cy5.5]几乎没有发出红色荧光(A)。另外,在肿瘤血管及其周围组织内标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体[IL4RPep-Lipo-Cy5.5]被大量被标靶(B)。
实验例 10 : 含有IL4RPep缩氨酸介导多柔比星的脂质体对肺癌的选择性药物传输及靶向治疗
为了评估含有本发明的IL4RPep缩氨酸介导多柔比星的脂质体对肺癌的药物传输及促进效果,进行了以下实验。
将肺癌细胞株(H226,1×107个) 异种移植到裸鼠右上肢或下肢部位。当肿瘤直径达到3㎜左右时,为了确保多柔比星的量达到每单位老鼠体重(㎏)1㎎(1㎎/㎏),将上述实施例1中制造的脂质体溶液注入老鼠尾静脉(1周注射2次,共注射7次)。共24天内测定肿瘤的大小。肿瘤的大小(?)通过长轴×短轴×短轴×0.52计算。另外,在第24天摘出肿瘤,制作冰冻切片,并利用多柔比星本身的荧光(红色)观察肿瘤组织内多柔比星的量。
其结果见图10。
如图10所示,可以观察到,如果将本发明的标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体(IL4RPep-Lipo-Dox)注入异种移植肺癌细胞的裸鼠,与注入未标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体(Lipo-Dox)或者多柔比星(Dox)本身的情况相比,抑制肿瘤生长的效果显著增强(A)。另外,如果注入标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体(IL4RPep-Lipo-Dox),肿瘤组织内通过多柔比星发出的红色荧光明显增多。由此可知,向肿瘤组织内传输的多柔比星(红色荧光)的量与标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的脂质体产生的肿瘤生长抑制效果密切相关。
工业实用性
本发明的标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的抗癌剂含有脂质体通过与IL-4受体特异结合的IL4RPep缩氨酸能够将药物有选择性地向IL-4受体过表达的癌症细胞传输,这种药物传输可以通过标记物质特异识别癌症细胞。因此,IL4RPep缩氨酸能够只针对癌症组织增强药物的疗效,同时显著降低对正常组织产生的副作用,可以针对肿瘤进行活体体内成像及早期诊断。因此,本发明的标记有IL4RPep缩氨酸的抗癌剂含有脂质体作为一种靶向药物传输系统对于癌症诊断或治疗非常有用。
<110> 庆北大学校产学协力团
<120> 含有标记有特异标靶白细胞介素-4受体的缩氨酸的脂质体的癌症诊断或治疗用靶向药物传输系统及其制造方法
<130> PCT01068
<150> TW098145476
<151> 2009-12-29
<160> 1
<170> KopatentIn 1.71
<210> 1
<211> 9
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 白细胞介素-4受体的氨基酸序列
<400> 1
Cys Arg Lys Arg Leu Asp Arg Asn Cys
1 5
Claims (11)
1.一种癌症诊断或治疗用靶向药物传输系统,其特征在于:
包含作为有效成份的抗癌剂含有脂质体,上述抗癌剂标记有特异标靶含有序列号1的氨基酸序列的介白素-4(IL-4)受体的缩氨酸,上述缩氨酸在脂质体内整体脂质中占0.1~5摩尔%,上述癌症为IL-4受体过表达的癌症,IL-4受体过表达的癌症是从由肺癌、脑肿瘤、乳腺癌、肝癌、皮肤癌、食道癌、睾丸癌、肾癌,大肠癌、直肠癌、胃癌、肾癌、膀胱癌、卵巢癌、胆管癌、胆囊癌、子宫癌、宫颈癌、前列腺癌、头颈癌、胰腺癌及扁平上皮细胞癌构成的群中选择的1种以上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的靶向药物传输系统,其特征在于:
上述脂质体是由第1脂质、第2脂质及胆固醇构成的多层薄片脂质体,上述第1脂质包含从由磷脂酸胆碱、磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰丝氨酸及磷脂酰乙醇胺构成的群中选择的1种以上,上述第2脂质为二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇。
3.根据权利要求2所述的靶向药物传输系统,其特征在于:
上述第1脂质在脂质体内整体脂质中占60~70摩尔%。
4.根据权利要求2所述的靶向药物传输系统,其特征在于:
上述第2脂质在脂质体内整体脂质中占1~10 摩尔%。
5.根据权利要求2所述的靶向药物传输系统,其特征在于:
上述胆固醇在脂质体内整体脂质中占1~40摩尔%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的靶向药物传输系统,其特征在于:
上述抗癌剂包含从由多柔比星、紫杉醇、长春新碱、柔红霉素(daunorubicin)、长春花碱(vinblastine)、放线菌素D(actinomycin-D)、多西他赛、依托泊苷(etoposide)、替尼泊苷(teniposide)、比生群(bisantrene)、高三尖杉酯碱(homoharringtonine)、格列卫(Gleevec; STI-571)、顺铂、5-氟尿嘧啶、阿霉素、甲氨蝶呤、白消安(busulfan)、苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide)、马法兰(melphalan)、氮芥(nitrogen mustard)及亚硝基脲(nitrosourea)构成的群中选择的1种以上。
7.一种癌症诊断或治疗用靶向药物传输系统的制造方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1) 将第1脂质、第2脂质及胆固醇与乙醇混合,水中水合之后,通过过滤器制造出匀质脂质体的步骤;
2)使抗癌剂包含于上述1)步骤中制造的脂质体中的步骤;
3)在上述2)步骤中制造的抗癌剂含有脂质体中包含标记物质并进行标记的步骤;
4) 使特异标靶含有序列号1的氨基酸序列的IL-4受体的缩氨酸[IL4RPep缩氨酸]与修饰有马来酰亚胺(maleimide)的DSPE-PEG2000 (DSPE-PEG2000-马来酰亚胺)结合之后,使DSPE-PEG2000-IL4RPep与上述3)步骤制造的标记有标记物质的抗癌剂含有脂质体进行反应,从而向脂质体插入的步骤,
上述癌症为IL-4受体过表达的癌症,IL-4受体过表达的癌症是从由肺癌、脑肿瘤、乳腺癌、肝癌、皮肤癌、食道癌、睾丸癌、肾癌,大肠癌、直肠癌、胃癌、肾癌、膀胱癌、卵巢癌、胆管癌、胆囊癌、子宫癌、宫颈癌、前列腺癌、头颈癌、胰腺癌及扁平上皮细胞癌构成的群中选择的1种以上,
上述第1脂质包含从由磷脂酸胆碱、磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰丝氨酸及磷脂酰乙醇胺构成的群中选择的1种以上,
上述第2脂质为二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇。
8.根据权利要求7所述的靶向药物传输系统的制造方法,其特征在于:
在上述1)步骤中将第1脂质、第2脂质及胆固醇按60~70 : 1~10 : 1~40的摩尔比进行混合。
9.根据权利要求7所述的靶向药物传输系统的制造方法,其特征在于:
上述2)步骤中脂质体内所含有的抗癌剂的浓度为1~5 ㎎/?。
10.根据权利要求7所述的靶向药物传输系统的制造方法,其特征在于:
上述3)步骤中的标记物质是从由放射性同位素、发色团(chromophore)、发光物质、荧光物质、顺磁粒子(super paramagnetic particles)、超顺磁粒子(ultrasuper paramagnetic particles)及发色酶构成的群中选择的1种以上。
11.根据权利要求7所述的靶向药物传输系统的制造方法,其特征在于:
上述3)步骤中的IL4RPep缩氨酸与修饰有马来酰亚胺的 DSPE-PEG2000 (DSPE-PEG2000-马来酰亚胺)按1:1~3的摩尔比结合。
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