CN102657519B - OCT (optical coherence tomography)-based high-sensitivity measurement system and method with large dynamic range of flow speed - Google Patents
OCT (optical coherence tomography)-based high-sensitivity measurement system and method with large dynamic range of flow speed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an OCT (optical coherence tomography)-based high-sensitivity measurement system and method with a large dynamic range of flow speed. According to the measurement system and method disclosed by the invention, a two-dimensional scanning strategy combining fast scanning driven by saw-tooth waves and slow-speed scanning driven by step waves is adopted, and a high-speed CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) camera is utilized for acquiring an interference spectrum. A traditional phase resolution algorithm is adopted in the fast scanning direction for extracting high-flow-speed information, and a high-order correlation phase resolution algorithm is adopted in the slow-speed scanning direction for extracting slow-flow-speed information and a phase variance value corresponding to the large dynamic rate of the flow speed. A flow speed image is synthesized from the high-flow-speed information and the slow-flow-speed information. After space filtering and binarization are performed on a phase variance image, a mask image is obtained, and the flow speed image is processed by the mask image to get the final flow speed image. According to the measurement system and method disclosed by the invention, the dynamic range of measurement flow speed can be expanded, and the noise-limited speed detection sensitivity is further broken through.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical coherent chromatographic imaging (OCT) technology and spectral domain optical coherent chromatographic imaging (SD-OCT) technology, relate in particular to a kind of high-sensitivity measurement system and method for the flow velocity of the great dynamic range based on OCT.
Technical background
Optical coherence tomography (Optical Coherence Tomography, abbreviation OCT) imaging technique is a kind of novel optical image technology, can carry out non-intruding, noncontact, high-resolution imaging in vivo to organizational structure and physiological function, in biomedical imaging and field of non destructive testing extensive application prospect.
For obtaining the function information of tissue, several functions type OCT is in succession developed.Wherein Doppler OCT can realize the imaging of velocity of blood flow, in medical research and important significance in clinical application.Present flow-speed measurement, mostly based on traditional phase-resolved method, changes to extract Doppler's flow velocity information by calculating same lateral attitude adjacent shaft to the phase place between sweep signal.Phase-resolved method is highly sensitive, is the Doppler OCT flow rate information acquisition methods that extensively adopts.But phase-resolved method is subject to phase noise to be disturbed, and speed detection sensitivity is limited by phase noise, the reliable detection of low flow velocity blood capillary in being difficult to realize organizing.
The phase noise of Doppler OCT mainly comprises the relevant phase noise of signal to noise ratio, the relevant relevant phase noise of phase noise, acquisition of signal and algorithm of phase noise, system stability and sample shake that heterogene structure's transversal scanning is relevant, and it is often very little with the axial Doppler frequency shift of blood flow motion association in blood capillary, need sufficiently long sampling time interval just can obtain surpassing the phase place variation of above-mentioned phase noise, but the prolongation of sampling time interval often means larger phase noise, is unfavorable on the contrary the further raising of velocity sensitivity.
In order to eliminate the impact of phase noise, the low frequency signal that optical microphotograph angiography method artificially will be relevant to phase noise is cut apart away,, although improved the display effect of blood-vessel image, must cause the loss of part blood capillary information.Associating spectral domain and time-domain imaging method, the frequency displacement in time-based territory but not phase place changes to extract Doppler frequency shift information,, although alleviated the sensitivity to phase noise, also reduced the sensitivity to flow rate information simultaneously.Therefore, suppressing the relevant phase noise of non-blood flow motion is the core difficult problem that the high sensitivity blood flow imaging faces.
Simultaneously, the detecting limitation that changes of the phase place that causes of the speed in blood vessel in
Phase-wrapping, under the condition of certain sampling time interval, when flow velocity increases to a certain degree, corresponding phase place change greater than
The time, will make a mistake to asking for of speed.Therefore,, in order to survey large flow velocity, must shorten sampling time interval, thereby phase place is changed
In scope.But this and rill recited above speed are surveyed the sampling time interval of needed length and are produced contradiction.Therefore there is the problem of a balance in the detection of large flow velocity and little flow velocity, limited the dynamic range of the flow-speed measurement of system.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of high-sensitivity measurement system and method for the flow velocity of the great dynamic range based on OCT is provided.
High-sensitivity measurement system based on the great dynamic range flow velocity of OCT:
The present invention includes wideband light source, broadband optical fiber coupler, sample arm, reference arm and feeler arm.Described sample arm comprises the sample arm collimating mirror, the fast axle scanning galvanometer of sample arm, sample arm slow axis scanning galvanometer, sample arm condenser lens and sample; Described reference arm comprises reference arm collimating mirror, reference arm condenser lens and reference arm plane mirror, and described feeler arm comprises spectrogrph collimating mirror, spectrogrph balzed grating,, spectrometer focusing lens and high-speed cmos camera.Wideband light source is connected with an end of broadband optical fiber coupler one side; Broadband optical fiber coupler opposite side one end is connected with the incident end of sample arm collimating mirror, the fast axle scanning galvanometer of sample arm is positioned on the emitting light path of sample arm collimating mirror, the slow axis scanning galvanometer is positioned on the reflected light path of fast axle scanning galvanometer, the sample arm condenser lens is positioned on slow axis scanning galvanometer reflected light path, and sample is positioned at the focal depth range of sample arm condenser lens.The other end of broadband optical fiber coupler opposite side is connected with the incident end of reference arm collimating mirror, and the reference arm condenser lens is positioned on the emitting light path of reference arm collimating mirror, and the reference arm plane mirror is positioned at the focal plane of reference arm collimating mirror; The other end of broadband optical fiber coupler one side is connected with the incident end of spectrogrph collimating mirror, the spectrogrph balzed grating, is positioned on the emitting light path of spectrogrph collimating mirror, the spectrometer focusing lens are positioned on the emitting light path of spectrogrph balzed grating,, and the high-speed cmos camera is positioned at the focal plane of spectrometer focusing lens.
High-sensitivity measurement method based on the great dynamic range flow velocity of OCT comprises the following steps:
Step 1: in the spectral coverage OCT sample arm, adopt quick sawtooth waveforms to drive with the two-dimensional scan strategy of staircase waveform driving at a slow speed sample is carried out two-dimensional scan.Thereby make interference signal, at fast scan direction, little sampling time interval be arranged, in the slow scanning direction, have large sampling time interval.The interference signal that scanning obtains enters the spectral coverage OCT feeler arm,, through the spectrogrph light splitting,, by the high-speed cmos collected by camera, obtains the interference spectrum signal.
Step 2: the interference spectrum signal that collects is done the pretreatment such as spectrum correction and interpolation, obtain the interference spectrum signal that distributes at wave number (k) space uniform.Then remake DC terms and go and process from coherent term, obtain sample interference spectrum signal:
Wherein k is wave number, and t is sweep time, corresponding different (x, y) positions, and S (k) is the light source power spectral function.A (x, y, z) and v (x, y, z) are respectively reflection coefficient and Doppler's flow velocity of diverse location in sample, and n is the refractive index of sample.
Above-mentioned signal is carried out fast Fourier transform obtains including the three-dimensional data of flow rate information:
Step 3: the three-dimensional data that obtains is carried out the two way phase analysis, adopt traditional phase-resolved algorithm to extract large flow rate information at fast scan direction, in the slow scanning direction, utilize high-order dependent phase resolution algorithm to extract little flow rate information and corresponding to the phase variance value of great dynamic range flow velocity.The flow velocity image that can obtain synthesizing based on large flow rate information and little flow rate information.The phase variance image that builds based on the phase variance value obtains mask image after space filtering and binaryzation, with mask image, synthetic flow velocity image is processed and obtained the final flow rate image.
The beneficial effect that the present invention has is:
1, the signal at slow scan direction has large sampling time interval, and phase place variation little in the corresponding unit interval is little flow rate information.The phase-resolved algorithm of application high order cross-correlation can effectively suppress phase noise, obtains breaking through the little flow rate information of noise limited speed detection sensitivity.The signal of short scan direction has little sampling time interval, and in the corresponding unit interval, to change be flow rate information greatly to large phase place, and application conventional phase resolution algorithm extracts large flow rate information., based on the flow velocity image that large flow rate information and little flow rate information can obtain synthesizing, realize measurement and the imaging of great dynamic range flow velocity.
2, when the phase-resolved algorithm of slow scan direction application high order cross-correlation extracts little flow rate information, also can extract the phase variance value corresponding to the great dynamic range flow velocity, the phase variance image that builds based on phase variance obtains mask image after space filtering and binaryzation, with mask image, synthetic flow velocity image is processed and obtained the final flow rate image.Process based on the flow velocity image of mask image, can be under the prerequisite that does not reduce spatial resolution, effectively suppress the vacation picture that is caused by Multiple Scattering etc., significantly improve the image quality of flow velocity image.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is spectral domain optical coherence tomography system schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the scanning drive signal schematic diagram of 2-D vibration mirror group of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is signal processing flow figure of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the phase-resolved algorithm process process of the high order cross-correlation schematic diagram that the present invention adopts in the slow scanning direction.
In Fig. 1: 1, wideband light source, 2, broadband optical fiber coupler, 3, the sample arm collimating mirror, 4, the fast axle scanning galvanometer of sample arm, 5, sample arm slow axis scanning galvanometer, 6, the sample arm condenser lens, 7, sample, 8, reference arm collimating mirror, 9, the reference arm condenser lens, 10, the reference arm plane mirror, 11, spectrogrph collimating mirror, 12, spectrogrph balzed grating,, 13, the spectrometer focusing lens, 14, the high-speed cmos camera.
In Fig. 2: 1, two-dimensional scan galvanometer group, 2, sample, 3, the scanning drive signal of 2-D vibration mirror.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As shown in Figure 1, the high-sensitivity measurement system of a kind of flow velocity of great dynamic range based on OCT of the present invention comprises wideband light source 1, broadband optical fiber coupler 2, sample arm, reference arm and feeler arm.Described sample arm comprises sample arm collimating mirror 3, the fast axle scanning galvanometer 4 of sample arm, sample arm slow axis scanning galvanometer 5, sample arm condenser lens 6 and sample 7; Described reference arm comprises reference arm collimating mirror 8, reference arm condenser lens 9 and reference arm plane mirror 10, and described feeler arm comprises spectrogrph collimating mirror 11, spectrogrph balzed grating, 12, spectrometer focusing lens 13 and high-speed cmos camera 14.Wideband light source 1 is connected with an end of broadband optical fiber coupler 2 one sides; Broadband optical fiber coupler 2 opposite side one ends are connected with the incident end of sample arm collimating mirror 3, the fast axle scanning galvanometer 4 of sample arm is positioned on the emitting light path of sample arm collimating mirror 3, slow axis scanning galvanometer 5 is positioned on the reflected light path of fast axle scanning galvanometer 4, sample arm condenser lens 6 is positioned on slow axis scanning galvanometer 5 reflected light paths, and sample 7 is positioned at the focal depth range of sample arm condenser lens 6.The other end of broadband optical fiber coupler 2 opposite sides is connected with the incident end of reference arm collimating mirror 8, and reference arm condenser lens 9 is positioned on the emitting light path of reference arm collimating mirror 8, and reference arm plane mirror 10 is positioned at the focal plane of reference arm collimating mirror 9; The other end of broadband optical fiber coupler 2 one sides is connected with the incident end of spectrogrph collimating mirror 11, spectrogrph balzed grating, 12 is positioned on the emitting light path of spectrogrph collimating mirror 11, spectrometer focusing lens 13 are positioned on the emitting light path of spectrogrph balzed grating, 12, and high-speed cmos camera 14 is positioned at the focal plane of spectrometer focusing lens 13.
Wideband light source 1 low-coherent light out enters broadband optical fiber coupler 2 by a end of broadband optical fiber coupler 2, the light of the b end of broadband optical fiber coupler 2 is after sample arm collimating mirror 3, the fast axle scanning galvanometer 4 of sample arm, slow axis scanning lens 5 and sample arm condenser lens 6, be incident upon on sample 7, its reflected light turns back to the b end of broadband optical fiber coupler 2 along original optical path, enter broadband optical fiber coupler 2; The light of the c end of broadband optical fiber coupler enters reference arm collimating mirror 8, arrive reference arm plane mirror 10 through reference arm condenser lens 9, then turn back to the c end of broadband optical fiber coupler along original optical path, broadband optical fiber coupler 2 with form interference signal after the sample light that sample arm is returned converges, d end by broadband optical fiber coupler enters spectrogrph collimating mirror 11, spectrogrph balzed grating, 12, spectrometer focusing lens 13, surveyed by high-speed cmos camera 14 finally, machine gathers as calculated, obtains the interference spectrum signal.
High-sensitivity measurement method based on the great dynamic range flow velocity of OCT comprises the following steps:
Step 1: in the spectral coverage OCT sample arm, adopt quick sawtooth waveforms to drive with the two-dimensional scan strategy of staircase waveform driving at a slow speed sample is carried out two-dimensional scan.The driving signal of the fast axle of sample arm (X-axis) scanning galvanometer and slow axis (Y-axis) scanning galvanometer as shown in Figure 2.Wherein 2-D vibration mirror group scanning drive signal 3 is produced by the data collecting card programming, the rapid scanning galvanometer of directions X adopts sawtooth waveforms to drive, the slow scan galvanometer of Y-direction adopts staircase waveform to drive, and guarantees the multiframe sampling in same Y position, avoids introducing and scans relevant phase noise.The interference signal that scanning obtains has little sampling time interval at fast scan direction, in the slow scanning direction, has large sampling time interval.Interference signal enters the spectral coverage OCT feeler arm,, through the spectrogrph light splitting,, by the high-speed cmos collected by camera, obtains the interference spectrum signal.
Step 2: carry out signal processing, Figure 3 shows that signal processing flow of the present invention.Doing solid work that the high-speed cmos camera detects relates to spectral signal I (x, y, λ, t) after image pick-up card gathers, and first passes through the pretreatment such as spectrum correction and interpolation, obtains the interference signal that distributes at wave number (k) space uniform
, this signal is gone DC terms and goes to process from coherent term, obtain sample interference spectrum signal:
Wherein k is wave number, and t is sweep time, corresponding different (x, y) positions, S (k) is the light source power spectral function, a (x, y, z) and v (x, y, z) be respectively reflection coefficient and Doppler's flow velocity of diverse location in sample, n is the refractive index of sample.
After the interference spectrum signal pin is carried out fast fourier transform to wave number k, obtain the complex signal of sample space z, its amplitude can be used for rebuilding structural images, and argument includes flow rate information:
Step 3: the three-dimensional data to gained is carried out the two way phase analysis, and handling process as shown in Figure 3.In view of the over-sampling rate of X-direction is low, the phase analysis of X-direction still adopts conventional phase resolution method.Consider the sensitivity of conventional phase resolution method to phase noise, according to the amplitude of structural images, will be lower than the corresponding flow velocity image value zero setting of setting threshold.
The phase analysis of Y-direction adopts the phase-resolved method of high order cross-correlation, and take the three phase-resolved algorithms of rank cross-correlation as example, its handling process as shown in Figure 4 here.Be wherein the interference spectrum signal adopted by the high-speed cmos camera two field picture I (k, t) in the YZ direction shown in a, this two field picture is in the k space, it in the Y-direction correspondence m sampled point.The over-sampling rate that system is arranged on Y-direction is n, namely has n A-line to sample to same horizontal resolution cell.In order to carry out three rank computing cross-correlations, it is 8 that axial over-sampling rate is set in addition, and it is corresponding to same axial resolution cell that 8 B-line are namely arranged.We get in Y-direction the sliding window that width is M like this, take out successively corresponding to a horizontal resolution cell, and the matrix unit of different axial depth is processed, and is the matrix unit of taking-up shown in c.It is 8 sliding window that this matrix unit is got width in the Z direction, carries out three rank computing cross-correlations, as shown in d.After computing cross-correlation, the matrix unit that newly obtains is carried out phase analysis, do laterally average after, can try to achieve corresponding to a horizontal resolution cell, the velocity flow profile of different axial depth.The corresponding different laterally matrix units of resolution cell are carried out above-mentioned computing, can obtain the frame velocity flow profile image on the YZ direction, as shown in e.The cross-correlation has here suppressed random noise, keeps simultaneously the phase information relevant with Doppler frequency shift, can realize the highly sensitive extraction to little flow rate information.Extract simultaneously the phase variance value corresponding to the great dynamic range flow velocity.
Analyze the comprehensive of gained flow rate information according to X-direction and Y-direction, can synthesize the flow velocity image.Space filtering and two-value personization for the phase variance image obtain mask image.This mask image can effectively be distinguished angiosomes and non-angiosomes, utilize mask image to process synthetic flow velocity image, give corresponding flow speed value to angiosomes, but not angiosomes is judged without blood flow, thereby suppress the vacation picture that is caused by Multiple Scattering etc., obtain the final flow rate image.
Claims (1)
1., based on the high-sensitivity measurement method of the great dynamic range flow velocity of OCT, it is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: in the spectral coverage OCT sample arm, adopt quick sawtooth waveforms to drive with the two-dimensional scan strategy of staircase waveform driving at a slow speed sample is carried out two-dimensional scan, thereby make interference signal, at fast scan direction, little sampling time interval be arranged, has large sampling time interval in the slow scanning direction, the interference signal that scanning obtains enters the spectral coverage OCT feeler arm,, through the spectrogrph light splitting,, by the high-speed cmos collected by camera, obtain the interference spectrum signal;
Step 2: the interference spectrum signal that collects is gone DC terms and go to process from coherent term, obtain sample interference spectrum signal:
Wherein k is wave number, and t is sweep time, corresponding different (x, y) positions, S (k) is the light source power spectral function, a (x, y, z) and v (x, y, z) be respectively reflection coefficient and Doppler's flow velocity of diverse location in sample, n is the refractive index of sample
Above-mentioned signal is carried out fast Fourier transform obtains including the three-dimensional data of flow rate information:
Step 3: the three-dimensional data that obtains is carried out the two way phase analysis, adopt traditional phase-resolved algorithm to extract large flow rate information at fast scan direction, utilize high-order dependent phase resolution algorithm to extract little flow rate information and corresponding to the phase variance value of great dynamic range flow velocity in the slow scanning direction, the flow velocity image that can obtain synthesizing based on large flow rate information and little flow rate information, the phase variance image that builds based on the phase variance value obtains mask image after space filtering and binaryzation, with mask image, synthetic flow velocity image is processed and obtained the final flow rate image.
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| CN103211588B (en) * | 2013-05-06 | 2014-10-22 | 王毅 | Blood flow velocity imaging method based on transverse velocity model |
| CN104523239B (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2017-02-22 | 南京理工大学 | Full-depth spectral domain optical coherent tomography device and method |
| CN105167766B (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2018-06-08 | 深圳市斯尔顿科技有限公司 | Blood flow measurement equipment and blood flow measurement method |
| CN105796054B (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2018-09-07 | 深圳市斯尔顿科技有限公司 | A kind of processing method and processing device of OCT image |
| CN105606564A (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2016-05-25 | 公安部物证鉴定中心 | Crossed writing and seal stamp sequence fault imaging tester |
| CN106056158B (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2019-06-21 | 西安电子科技大学 | Template image global search method based on exposure mask matrix and Fast Fourier Transform |
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| EP3572765A1 (en) | 2018-05-23 | 2019-11-27 | Haag-Streit Ag | Oct system and oct method |
| CN109691978A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-30 | 佛山科学技术学院 | Relevant optical scanning ophthalmoscope towards ocular blood flow fast imaging |
| CN109758119B (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2022-03-08 | 广东唯仁医疗科技有限公司 | Tumor microvascular image processing device |
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