CN102628493B

CN102628493B - Automatic speed changer

Info

Publication number: CN102628493B
Application number: CN201210125541.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 向永川
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2012-04-26
Filing date: 2012-04-26
Publication date: 2015-04-29
Anticipated expiration: 2032-04-26
Also published as: CN102628493A; WO2013159720A1

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic speed changer. The automatic speed changer comprises a gear range gear transmission system and a gear shift mechanism execution system and is characterized in that: the gear shift mechanism execution system comprises an operating control device, a reverse action device and a transmission shifting device; the reverse action device comprises a control frame, a driving frame, a driven frame and a spring; the driving frame is elastically connected with the driven frame through the spring; the driving frame and the driven frame are in axial slide fit with the control frame respectively; the slide stroke of the driving frame is larger than that of the driven frame, and the middle point of the slide stroke of driving frame and the middle point of the slide stroke of driven frame are on the same plane; the operating control device can make the driving frame move so as to force the driven frame to reversely move; and the driven frame is moved to make the transmission shifting device force the gear range gear transmission system to shift so as to change the speed. The automatic speed changer has the advantages of high transmission efficiency, variable gear ranges and long service life, can be assembled on various motor vehicles and agricultural machinery and can save power and fuel when used.

Description

Automatic transmission

Technical field

The present invention relates to the automatic transmission of shift speed change in motor vehicle transmissions, particularly relate to the full automaticity shift speed change gear of electric motor car, fuel vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle, it belongs to technical field of mechanical transmission.

Background technique

Existing CVT (continuously variable transmission) mechanical efficiency is low, fragile, and cost is high, unstable properties; Automatic mechanical transmission volume is large, and property of automatic shft is poor; Hydraulic automatic speed variator transmission efficiency is low, expensive; Mechanical type manual speed-changer complex operation, mechanical efficiency is low, and it is convenient not to use.

In prior art, Chinese invention patent application (application number: 200910067026.7) disclosed automobile double clutch type automatic gearbox transmission device, it forms primarily of double clutch assembly, front and back clutch actuating mechanism and speed-change gear box.Its cost is high, and can only have two gears, friction clutcch is short for working life, and maintenance cost is high, and is not suitable for sulky vehicle.

Chinese invention patent application (application number: 200910103507.9) disclosed double cam self-adapting automatic gear shifting hub, it comprises: power plant, chain stay, casing, braking device and to be arranged in casing and the transmission shaft coordinated with its transmission, the cone-disk clutch double cam self-adapting speed changing assembly also comprising slow gear driving mechanism and be arranged on transmission shaft, slow gear transmission shaft is arranged in casing and coordinates with body pivot and parallel with transmission shaft.It keeps off driving mechanism slowly and is arranged on the conical surface friction transmission of the cone-disk clutch double cam self-adapting speed change employing on transmission shaft, can only have two gears, conical surface friction clutch ordinary easy heating during transmission, and transmitting torque is little, working life is short, can only be applicable to sulky vehicle.

Chinese invention patent application (application number: 200910107640.1) disclosed 6-speed automatic transmission and transmission system thereof, it comprises: power input shaft, planet row, housing, gearshift parts and primary speed-down system.Its cost is high, and volume is large, and complex structure, maintenance cost is high, and mechanical efficiency is low, is not suitable for small-sized electric car and light-duty vehicle.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to: solve in current automatic transmission technology problems such as having that cost is high, mechanical efficiency is low, unstable properties, maintenance cost are high, the invention provides that a kind of transmission efficiency is high, gear number is the amount doesn't matter, long service life, stable performance, automatic transmission that maintenance cost is low.

Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A kind of automatic transmission, be by bearing assemble in casing or wheel hub or gearbox, and be packaged with lubricant oil, it comprises shifting gear transmission system, gear shift mechanism executive system, it is characterized in that: described gear shift mechanism executive system comprises Effector, counteragent device, transmission COMM communication, described counteragent device also comprises control cage, initiatively frame, from moving frame, spring, initiatively frame is connected by spring with from moving frame, initiatively frame and from moving frame respectively with control cage axial sliding fit, initiatively the sliding stroke of frame is than large from the sliding stroke of moving frame, initiatively mid point and the mid point from moving frame sliding stroke of frame sliding stroke are on the same face, initiatively frame and have by the spring compressed from device between moving frame, initiatively frame is connected with Effector, is connected, forces shifting gear transmission system shift and realize speed change from moving frame counteragent from moving frame with transmission COMM communication, described shifting gear transmission system is multiaxis constant mesh gear transmission system or transmission type epicyclic gear train gear train assembly or hub-type epicyclic gear train gear train assembly.

Described multiaxis constant mesh gear transmission system is twin shaft constant mesh gear transmission system, described twin shaft constant mesh gear transmission system is fork type twin shaft constant mesh gear transmission system or single guide bar twin shaft constant mesh gear transmission system or multiple guide bar twin shaft constant mesh gear transmission system

Described fork type twin shaft constant mesh gear transmission system is that gear shaft device has gear shift mechanism executive system, wherein driven erection has outer groove, outer groove clearance sliding fit is equipped with passive shift fork, one end of passive shift fork and guide rod is fixed, guide rod Spielpassung is through axle sleeve, axle sleeve is fixed in gearbox, the other end of guide rod is fixed with shift fork, shift fork coordinates with the synchronizer combined cover on gear axle or mobile combined cover, synchronizer or mobile combined cover are assemblied in little sliding gear on gear axle and between large sliding gear, being in transmission connection of synchronizer or mobile combined cover changeable gear axle and little sliding gear and gear axle and large sliding gear, the little sliding gear that gear axle assembles engages with gearwheel fixing on countershaft, the large sliding gear that gear axle assembles engages with small gear fixing on countershaft, the diameter of little sliding gear is less than the diameter of large sliding gear, the diameter of gearwheel is larger than the diameter of small gear, gear axle is power input shaft, countershaft is pto＝power take-off,

Described single guide bar twin shaft constant mesh gear transmission system is that gear shaft device has gear shift mechanism executive system, wherein from moving frame, bearing pin is housed, bearing pin passes the radial elongated hole of gear axle and axial hollow cavity, through the pin shaft hole of guide rod in the middle part of bearing pin, guide rod is contained in the hollow cavity of gear axle, the second bearing pin is equipped with in the pin shaft hole of the guide rod the other end, second bearing pin is fixed through the radial elongated hole of gear axle and mobile combined cover, the two ends of the second bearing pin are fixed in two pin shaft holes in the middle part of mobile combined cover, mobile combined cover is assemblied between little sliding gear and large sliding gear, being in transmission connection of the movement changeable gear axle of mobile combined cover and little sliding gear and gear axle and large sliding gear, the little sliding gear that gear axle assembles engages with gearwheel fixing on countershaft, the large sliding gear that gear axle assembles engages with small gear fixing on countershaft, the diameter of little sliding gear is less than the diameter of large sliding gear, the diameter of gearwheel is larger than the diameter of small gear, gear axle is power input shaft, countershaft is pto＝power take-off,

Described multiple guide bar twin shaft constant mesh gear transmission system is that gear shaft device has gear shift mechanism executive system, gear axle is provided with groove with axis parallel and symmetrical, in groove, guide rod is housed, space is left between the inner headed face of guide rod and little sliding gear or large sliding gear, one end of guide rod is connected with from moving frame, the other end is connected with mobile combined cover, the each outwardly crank throw in two ends of guide rod, driven erection has inner groove, mobile combined cover is provided with outer groove, from moving frame and mobile combined cover respectively corresponding be symmetrical arranged jagged, crank throw is contained in breach, the crank throw at guide rod two ends extend into inner groove and outer groove respectively, the breach disc of inner groove and outer groove is equipped with jump ring respectively and between crank throw, the opening of jump ring is placed in the projection place of inner groove or outer groove, mobile combined cover is assemblied between little sliding gear and large sliding gear, mobile combined cover move back and forth being in transmission connection of changeable gear axle and little sliding gear and gear axle and large sliding gear, the little sliding gear that gear axle assembles engages with gearwheel fixing on countershaft, the large sliding gear that gear axle assembles engages with small gear fixing on countershaft, the diameter of little sliding gear is less than the diameter of large sliding gear, the diameter of gearwheel is larger than the diameter of small gear, gear axle is power input shaft, countershaft is pto＝power take-off.

Described multiaxis constant mesh gear transmission system is two grades of triple axle constant mesh gear transmission systems or third gear triple axle constant mesh gear transmission system,

Described two grades of triple axle constant mesh gear transmission systems are that gear shaft device has gear shift mechanism executive system, wherein fix from axial one end of moving frame and mobile combined cover, the mating face of mobile combined cover can move axially the axial end protruding gear axle, the mating face of mobile combined cover is provided with engagement pawl or joining hole or dental inlay mating face, one axial end of gear axle and an axial end of output shaft leave space or gear axle one axial end and arrange the hollow cavity running in bearings that projection and output shaft one end arrange and be rotatably assorted, the shaft axis of gear axle overlaps with the shaft axis of output shaft, one end of output shaft is fixed with the large combination gear combining with mobile combined cover or be separated, the second small gear that large combination gear is fixed with transmission countershaft one end engages, the transmission countershaft the other end is equipped with gearwheel by overrunning clutch, the small gear that gearwheel is fixed with gear axle engages, the diameter of small gear is less than the diameter of large combination gear, the diameter of gearwheel is larger than the diameter of the second small gear, gear axle is power input shaft, output shaft is pto＝power take-off,

Described third gear triple axle constant mesh gear transmission system is the second largest gears meshing that little sliding gear and the driving gear axle of the gear axle assembling being equipped with gear shift mechanism executive system is fixed, the second small gear that the large sliding gear of gear axle assembling is fixing with driving gear axle engages, the middle part device of driving gear axle has the second gear shift mechanism executive system, the gearwheel that second little sliding gear of driving gear axle assembling is fixing with countershaft engages, the small gear that the second largest sliding gear of driving gear axle assembling is fixing with countershaft engages, little sliding gear is identical or not identical respectively with the velocity ratio of small gear with second largest sliding gear with the velocity ratio of gearwheel with second respectively for the velocity ratio of the velocity ratio of little sliding gear and second largest gear and large sliding gear and the second small gear, gear axle is power input shaft, countershaft is pto＝power take-off.

Described transmission type epicyclic gear train gear train assembly is that gear shaft device has gear shift mechanism executive system, on gear axle, clearance sliding fit is equipped with small sun gear and large sun gear, small sun gear and large sun gear are provided with engagement pawl or joining hole or dental inlay mating face, mobile combined cover is equipped with between small sun gear and large sun gear, mobile combined cover is coordinated with gear shaft clearance by spline, the major planets wheel of planet carrier assembling engages simultaneously fixing with casing large ring gear and engages with small sun gear, the asteroid wheel of planet carrier assembling engages simultaneously fixing with casing small internal gear and engages with large sun gear, between the inner headed face of hollow shaft fixing in the middle part of planet carrier and the periphery of gear axle one end, bearing is housed, the diameter of small sun gear is less than the diameter of large sun gear, the diameter of major planets wheel is larger than the diameter of asteroid wheel, the internal diameter of large ring gear is larger than the internal diameter of small internal gear, gear axle or initiatively cover are power input, hollow shaft is pto＝power take-off, described active cover is enclosed within flip sleeve by helical tooth, flip sleeve is enclosed within gear axle by spline or helical tooth.

Described hub-type epicyclic gear train gear train assembly is accelerating type epicyclic gear train gear train assembly or slowdown type epicyclic gear train gear train assembly,

Described accelerating type epicyclic gear train gear train assembly is that driving sleeve device has gear shift mechanism executive system, wherein be fixed with ring gear from one end of moving frame and extend into the outer groove of mobile combined cover one end, ring gear and mobile combined cover clearance sliding fit, mobile combined cover is by spline and dead axle Spielpassung, sun gear clearance sliding fit is enclosed within dead axle, between driven cover and wheel hub, overrunning clutch is housed, driven cover and planet carrier are fixed, the axostylus axostyle that planet carrier is fixed has planet wheel by bearing assemble, the ring gear that planet wheel and wheel hub are fixed engages and engages with sun gear simultaneously, driven cover by spline gaps engagement sleeves on flip sleeve, flip sleeve is enclosed within by helical tooth Spielpassung and initiatively puts, the ring gear that driven cover one end is arranged extend in the outer groove that initiatively cover is arranged, initiatively cover is contained on dead axle by bearing, initiatively cover is power input, wheel hub is power output member,

Described slowdown type epicyclic gear train gear train assembly is that driving sleeve device has gear shift mechanism executive system, wherein fix from one end of moving frame or inner headed face and mobile combined cover, mobile combined cover by spline housing on driven cover, driven cover clearance sliding fit is equipped with planet carrier, the periphery clearance sliding fit of external tooth sun gear one end that one end of planet carrier and wheel hub are fixed, planet carrier is rotatably assorted and is equipped with gear shaft, one end of gear shaft is fixed with asteroid wheel, the other end of gear shaft is equipped with major planets wheel by overrunning clutch, the external toothing that major planets wheel and driven cover are fixed engages, the external tooth sun gear that asteroid wheel is fixed with wheel hub engages, an axially end face of external tooth sun gear and mobile combined cover coordinate the combination that realizes transmission or are separated, driven cover by spline gaps engagement sleeves on flip sleeve, flip sleeve is enclosed within by helical tooth Spielpassung and initiatively puts, the ring gear that driven cover one end is arranged extend in the outer groove that initiatively cover is arranged, the diameter of major planets wheel is larger than the diameter of asteroid wheel, initiatively cover is power input, wheel hub is power output member.

Described gear shift mechanism executive system is fork type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system or the outer fork type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system of flyball crank throw in jacket-type moment of torsion gear shift mechanism executive system or steel ball oblique plane type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system or flyball crank throw respectively

Described jacket-type moment of torsion gear shift mechanism executive system is that the ring gear clearance sliding fit of initiatively cover is contained on gear axle outer groove, initiatively cover is enclosed within flip sleeve by helical tooth Spielpassung, flip sleeve is enclosed within gear axle by spline or helical tooth Spielpassung, flip sleeve is assemblied between the fixing back-up ring of ring gear and gear axle, the return spring of compression is housed between one axial end of flip sleeve and the back-up ring of gear axle, return spring is enclosed within gear axle, one end of flip sleeve is fixed with the crank throw shape arm of force, the crank throw shape arm of force is provided with slip teeth, slip teeth extend into the groove of initiatively frame, control cage is fixed on by internal spline and jump ring or positioning ring and is provided with on the gear axle of external splines, initiatively the movement of frame can make from moving frame oppositely movement, thus the gear switched in shifting gear transmission system,

Described steel ball oblique plane type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system is that gear axle fixes block set by spline and positioning ring, block set symmetry be fixed with steel ball pipe, steel ball pipe is provided with the opening that beveled claw is passed, opening is located at the center position of steel ball pipe, the shaft axis of steel ball pipe is vertical with the shaft axis of gear axle or tilt, beveled claw is fixed on the inner headed face of afterburning circle, the arm of force is fixed in one end of afterburning circle, the arm of force and movable stand are fixed, movable stand passes through spline gaps engagement sleeves on gear axle, the return spring of compression is housed between movable stand and block set, return spring is enclosed within gear axle, pusher dog is fixed in one end of the arm of force, pusher dog extend into the groove of initiatively frame, initiatively the movement of frame can make from moving frame oppositely movement, thus the gear switched in shifting gear transmission system,

In described flyball crank throw, fork type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system is that gear axle fixes block set by spline and positioning ring, block set symmetry be fixed with lug, elongated hole is provided with between every two lugs, the elongated hole of block set and the elongated hole of gear axle through, crank throw is installed between two lugs also through elongated hole, crank throw is flexibly connected by bearing pin with lug, crank throw one end is fixed with flyball, the other end is provided with a fork greatly, the both sides of large fork are respectively provided with a little fork, on the guide rod of large fork fork device in gear shaft hollow chamber, little fork fork is on the fixing axostylus axostyle of guide rod, the fork of two crank throw symmetries is on the axostylus axostyle of guide rod, the second bearing pin is equipped with in the pin shaft hole of the guide rod the other end, second bearing pin is fixed with active frame through the elongated hole of gear axle, the two ends of the second bearing pin are fixed in two pin shaft holes in the middle part of active frame, return spring is enclosed within gear axle, return spring is compressed between block set and active frame, initiatively the movement of frame can make from moving frame oppositely movement, thus the gear switched in shifting gear transmission system,

The outer fork type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system of described flyball crank throw is that gear axle fixes block set by spline and positioning ring, block set symmetry be fixed with lug, each lug is passed the elongated hole of crank throw and is flexibly connected by bearing pin, crank throw one end is fixed with flyball, the other end is provided with a fork greatly, the both sides of large fork are respectively provided with a little fork, large fork is that semicircle fork is in the radial cylindrical both sides of gear axle, two little forks are pitched respectively on the fixing axostylus axostyle of two movement rods, the fork of two crank throw symmetries is on the axostylus axostyle of movement rod, the middle part of movement rod is fixed with afterburning circle, afterburning snare is on the cylindrical of return spring, return spring is enclosed within gear axle, return spring is compressed between block set and active frame, one end of movement rod is fixed with active frame, initiatively the movement of frame can make from moving frame oppositely movement, thus the gear switched in shifting gear transmission system.

Described gear shift mechanism executive system is internal cover type moment of torsion gear shift mechanism executive system, initiatively cover is fixed with back-up ring, the return spring of compression is housed between back-up ring and flip sleeve, return spring is enclosed within and initiatively puts, the ring gear that driven cover one end is arranged extend in the outer groove that initiatively cover is arranged, drivenly be arranged with at least two elongated holes, the flip sleeve position corresponding with elongated hole is provided with screw hole, bolt is fixed on flip sleeve through retainer ring and sleeve pipe by screw hole, space is left between retainer ring and driven cover, on retainer ring, symmetry is fixed with at least two crank throw shape arm of forces, the pusher dog that the crank throw shape arm of force is arranged extend into the groove of initiatively frame, initiatively the movement of frame can make from moving frame oppositely movement, thus the gear switched in shifting gear transmission system.

Described gear shift mechanism executive system also comprises counteragent device, and described counteragent device is lead the outer counteragent device of claw or to lead in claw counteragent device in counteragent device or the outer counteragent device of sliding shaft or sliding shaft respectively,

The described outer counteragent device of claw of leading is that two outer slip teeth of initiatively frame are assemblied between every two that four of control cage lead pawl respectively, initiatively two outer slip teeth of frame are assemblied between two interior slip teeth from moving frame, each pawl of leading is fixed with two outer baffle blocks and two internal stops respectively, inner side surface between two outer baffle blocks can contact with the axial end from moving frame and locate, inner side surface between two internal stops can contact with the axial end of active frame and locate, one end of spring is assembled with the spring abutment of active frame, the other end with assemble from the second spring abutment of moving frame, spring abutment or the second spring abutment are separately positioned on active frame or move the position of midplane between two end faces of effectively contact location from moving frame axial reciprocating, control cage, initiatively frame, from moving frame, spring is all axially arranged symmetrically with, initiatively the shift motion of frame is than large from the shift motion of moving frame, described spring is dolioform stage clip,

Describedly lead two interior slip teeth that counteragent device in claw is initiatively frame and between two slip teeth of moving frame, four of being assemblied in that control cage fixes respectively lead pawl every two, be assemblied between two interior slip teeth of initiatively frame from two slip teeth of moving frame, each pawl of leading is fixed with two outer baffle blocks and two internal stops respectively, inner side surface between two outer baffle blocks can contact with the axial end of active frame and locate, inner side surface between two internal stops can contact with the axial end from moving frame and locate, one end of spring is assembled with the spring abutment of active frame, the other end with assemble from the second spring abutment of moving frame, control cage, initiatively frame, from moving frame, spring is all axially arranged symmetrically with, initiatively the shift motion of frame is than large from the shift motion of moving frame,

The outer counteragent device of described sliding shaft is that two outer sliding sleeves of initiatively frame are assemblied on two interior slide-bars of control cage respectively, initiatively frame is assemblied in inside the circle of moving frame, be assemblied on two slide-bars of control cage respectively from two inner sliding sleeves of moving frame, outer sliding sleeve is provided with spring abutment, inner sliding sleeve is provided with the second spring abutment, interior slide-bar or outer slide-bar are fixed with two block faces respectively, each block face can contact with the axial end from moving frame or active frame and locate, one end of spring is assembled with the spring abutment of active frame, the other end with assemble from the second spring abutment of moving frame, spring abutment or the second spring abutment are separately positioned on active frame or move the position of midplane between two end faces of effectively contact location from moving frame axial reciprocating, control cage, initiatively frame, from moving frame, spring is all axially arranged symmetrically with, initiatively the shift motion of frame is than large from the shift motion of moving frame, described spring is dolioform stage clip,

In described sliding shaft, counteragent device is that two inner sliding sleeves of initiatively frame are assemblied on two outer slide-bars of control cage respectively, initiatively frame is assemblied in the outside from moving frame, be assemblied in two interior slide-bars of control cage respectively from two outer sliding sleeves of moving frame, outer slide-bar or interior slide-bar are fixed with two block faces respectively, each block face can contact with the axial end from moving frame or active frame and locate, one end of spring is assembled with the spring abutment of active frame, the other end with assemble from the second spring abutment of moving frame, control cage, initiatively frame, from moving frame, spring is all axially arranged symmetrically with, initiatively the shift motion of frame is than large from the shift motion of moving frame.

Described multi-axle constant mesh gear transmission system can also be fourth gear triple axle constant mesh gear transmission system or transmission shaft type multiaxis constant mesh gear transmission system or driving gear shaft type multiaxis constant mesh gear transmission system,

Described fourth gear triple axle constant mesh gear transmission system is equipped with second largest gears meshing fixing on little sliding gear on the gear axle of jacket-type moment of torsion gear shift mechanism executive system and driving gear axle, the large sliding gear that gear axle assembles engages with the second small gear fixing on driving gear axle, the middle part device of driving gear axle has the second gear shift mechanism executive system, second little sliding gear of driving gear axle assembling engages with gearwheel fixing on countershaft, the second largest sliding gear of driving gear axle assembling engages with small gear fixing on countershaft, little sliding gear is not identical respectively with the velocity ratio of small gear with second largest sliding gear with the velocity ratio of gearwheel with second respectively for the velocity ratio of the velocity ratio of little sliding gear and second largest gear and large sliding gear and the second small gear, gear axle is power input shaft, countershaft is pto＝power take-off,

Described transmission shaft type multiaxis constant mesh gear transmission system is that gear axle is equipped with steel ball oblique plane type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system or the outer fork type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system of crank throw, being connected with synchronizer combined cover from moving frame or fixing with mobile combined cover wherein, the mating face of mobile combined cover can move axially the axial end protruding gear axle, the mating face of mobile combined cover is provided with engagement pawl or joining hole or dental inlay mating face, one end of gear axle and one end of driving gear axle are left space or gear axle one end and are arranged the hollow cavity running in bearings that projection and driving gear axle one end arrange and be rotatably assorted, the shaft axis of gear axle overlaps with the shaft axis of driving gear axle, one end of driving gear axle is fixed with the large combination gear combining with mobile combined cover or be separated, the second small gear that large combination gear is fixed with transmission countershaft one end engages, the transmission countershaft the other end is equipped with gearwheel by overrunning clutch, the small gear that gearwheel is fixed with gear axle engages, third pinion is fixed with between the large combination gear of driving gear axle and the second gear shift mechanism executive system, in second gear shift mechanism executive system second is connected from moving frame with the second synchronizer combined cover or moves combined cover with second and fix, second mating face of moving combined cover can move axially the one end of protruding driving gear axle, second mating face of moving combined cover is provided with engagement pawl or joining hole or dental inlay mating face, the other end of driving gear axle arranges the hollow cavity running in bearings that projection and pto＝power take-off one end arrange and is rotatably assorted, the shaft axis of driving gear axle overlaps with the shaft axis of output shaft, one end of output shaft is fixed with the second largest combination gear moving combined cover with second and combine or be separated, the fourth pinion that second largest combination gear is fixed with second transmission countershaft one end engages, the second transmission countershaft the other end is equipped with second largest gear by overrunning clutch, the third pinion that second largest gear is fixed with driving gear axle engages, gear axle is power input shaft, output shaft is pto＝power take-off,

Described driving gear shaft type multiaxis constant mesh gear transmission system is equipped with second largest gears meshing fixing on little sliding gear on the gear axle of gear shift mechanism executive system and driving gear axle, the large sliding gear that gear axle assembles engages with the second small gear fixing on driving gear axle, the middle part device of driving gear axle has the second gear shift mechanism executive system, the third-largest gears meshing that second little sliding gear and the second driving gear axle of driving gear axle one end assembling is fixed, second largest sliding gear on driving gear axle engages with third pinion fixing on the second driving gear axle, the middle part device of the second driving gear axle has the 3rd gear shift mechanism executive system, the gearwheel that 3rd little sliding gear of second driving gear axle one end assembling is fixing with countershaft engages, the small gear that the third-largest sliding gear on second driving gear axle is fixed with countershaft engages, gear axle is power input shaft, countershaft is pto＝power take-off.

According to the principle be in transmission connection above and method, described multi-axle constant mesh gear transmission system can also be transmission shaft type multiaxis constant mesh gear transmission system or driving gear shaft type multiaxis constant mesh gear transmission system,

Described transmission shaft type multiaxis constant mesh gear transmission system is that the gear axle being equipped with the outer fork type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system of steel ball oblique plane type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system or crank throw arranges the hollow cavity running in bearings that projection and driving gear axle arrange and is rotatably assorted, the large combination gear that driving gear axle is fixed engages with the small gear that transmission countershaft is fixed, transmission countershaft is equipped with gearwheel by overrunning clutch, the small gear that gearwheel is fixed with gear axle engages, what driving gear axle was identical is equipped with steel ball oblique plane type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system or the outer fork type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system of crank throw, driving gear axle and corresponding transmission countershaft are in transmission connection, driving gear axle arranges projection and next or identical being in transmission connection one by one of multiple driving gear axle, last and output shaft is in transmission connection outputting power, the automatic speed changing of multiple grades can be realized,

Described driving gear shaft type multiaxis constant mesh gear transmission system is two gears meshing that two sliding gears be equipped with on the gear axle of gear shift mechanism executive system are fixed with driving gear axle respectively, the middle part device of driving gear axle has steel ball oblique plane type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system or the outer fork type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system of crank throw, two sliding gears of driving gear axle assembling again with next or multiple driving gear axle successively being in transmission connection one by one, finally be connected outputting power with countershaft gearing, the automatic speed changing of multiple grades can be realized, bottom gear at one grade, fourth gear or five grades or six grades or seven grades or eight grades are in the drive mechanism of top gear successively, return spring rigidity in the gear shift mechanism executive system of each grade successively large or steel ball gross mass the little or slope of beveled claw is little or flyball quality is little successively successively successively, realize top gear shift higher than the rotating speed required for bottom gear shift successively.The speed change of four automatic transmission to tens automatic transmissions can be realized for Lightweight Vehicles.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of automatic transmission of the present invention is:

1. this automatic transmission have employed counteragent device, it is active in one's movements reliably, switch gear by synchronizer or mobile combined cover and realize speed change, snap-in force due to transmission makes counteragent device could automatic switchover gear when drive coordination, ensure that continuity and the stationarity of transmission of power, certain speed range can be stabilized in a gear by counteragent device, carries out shift in traveling by acceleration or deceleration, convenient and flexible operation, improves power character and the Economy of vehicle;

2. moment of torsion shifting apparatus and rotating speed shifting apparatus make counteragent device carry out shift fast, to be determined and automatically effectively improve gearing efficiency with power adaptation by the physical attribute of mechanism;

3. have employed pure mechanical transmission and obtain the highest mechanical efficiency, be conducive to energy-saving and emission-reduction, and structure is simple, substantially identical with the existing manually-operable speed changer used of gear in its shifting gear transmission system, external splines gear axle, synchronizer, mobile combined cover, production inheritance is good, low cost of manufacture.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the example structure schematic diagram of the twin shaft second gear speed change of automatic transmission of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is that schematic diagram is looked on a left side for counteragent device section in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is that schematic diagram is looked on the right side of control cage part in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is the example structure schematic diagram of three axle four-speed gear shifts of automatic transmission of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is that schematic diagram is looked on a left side for the counteragent device section of gear axle assembling in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the control cage part in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is that schematic diagram is looked on the right side of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is that schematic diagram is looked on a left side for the Effector part of driving gear axle assembling in Fig. 4;

Fig. 9 is the example structure schematic diagram of four axle four-speed gear shifts of automatic transmission of the present invention;

Figure 10 is the example structure schematic diagram of three axle three class gear shifts of automatic transmission of the present invention;

Figure 11 is the example structure schematic diagram of the electric motor car second gear variable speed drives wheel of automatic transmission of the present invention;

Figure 12 is the example structure schematic diagram of the motor rear axle second gear variable speed electric motors, particularly of automatic transmission of the present invention;

Figure 13 is the example structure schematic diagram of the acceleration wheel hub second gear speed change of automatic transmission of the present invention;

Figure 14 is that schematic diagram is looked on a left side for the counteragent device section of driven cover assembling in Figure 13;

Figure 15 is that schematic diagram is looked on the right side of control cage part in Figure 14;

Figure 16 is the example structure schematic diagram of the deceleration wheel hub second gear speed change of automatic transmission of the present invention;

Figure 17 is the example structure schematic diagram of five axle three class gear shifts of automatic transmission of the present invention.

Embodiment

As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, be the embodiment of twin shaft second gear speed change of automatic transmission of the present invention.Gear axle 1 is assemblied in casing 24 by bearing 23, and gear axle is equipped with jacket-type moment of torsion gear shift mechanism executive system.Effector 9 is wherein that ring gear 5 clearance sliding fit initiatively overlapping 3 is contained on gear axle outer groove 4, initiatively cover is enclosed within flip sleeve 2 by helical tooth Spielpassung, flip sleeve passes through spline gaps engagement sleeves on gear axle, flip sleeve is assemblied between back-up ring 7 that ring gear and gear axle are arranged, the return spring 8 of compression is housed between flip sleeve and back-up ring, return spring is enclosed within gear axle, and the right-hand member of flip sleeve is fixed by link press span 104 and the active frame 10 in counteragent device 12.Initiatively two outer slip teeth 101 of frame are assemblied between every two that four of control cage 13 lead pawl 131 respectively, initiatively two outer slip teeth of frame are assemblied between two interior slip teeth 111 from moving frame 11, each pawl of leading is fixed with two outer baffle blocks 132 and two internal stops 133 respectively, inner side surface between two outer baffle blocks can contact with the axial end from moving frame and locate, inner side surface between two internal stops can contact with the axial end of active frame and locate, one end of spring 29 is assembled with the spring abutment 102 of active frame, the other end with assemble from the second spring abutment 112 of moving frame, dolioform stage clip selected by spring, initiatively the shift motion of frame is than large 6 millimeters from the shift motion of moving frame.

The internal spline of control cage and the external splines of gear axle are joined merga pass positioning ring 22 and are fixed, and initiatively the movement of frame can make from moving frame oppositely movement, to be switched the gear shifting gear transmission system from moving frame by transmission COMM communication 17, passive shift fork 16 is equipped with from the outer groove clearance sliding fit of moving frame, the left end of passive shift fork and guide rod 15 is fixed, guide rod Spielpassung is through axle sleeve 18, axle sleeve is fixed in casing, the right-hand member of guide rod is fixed with shift fork 14, the combined cover of the synchronizer 19 that shift fork and gear axle assemble coordinates, the joint of synchronizer changeable gear axle and little sliding gear 20 and gear axle and large sliding gear 21 or be separated, the gearwheel 26 that the little sliding gear that gear axle assembles is fixed with countershaft 25 engages, the large sliding gear that gear axle assembles engages with small gear 27 fixing on countershaft, the diameter of little sliding gear is less than the diameter of large sliding gear, the diameter of gearwheel is larger than the diameter of small gear.Power input gear 6 is fixed on and initiatively puts, and power output gear 28 is fixed on countershaft.Shown in Fig. 1, one grade is in jointing state, and the automatic transmission that can be used as two shelves is assemblied in Lightweight Vehicles.

As shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, be the embodiment of three axle four-speed gear shifts.Gear axle 1 is equipped with jacket-type moment of torsion gear shift mechanism executive system, Effector 9 wherein initiatively overlaps 3 to be enclosed within flip sleeve 2 by helical tooth Spielpassung, flip sleeve by spline housing on gear axle, the right-hand member of flip sleeve is fixed by link press span 104 and the active frame 10 in counteragent device 12, link press span passes from the outer circumferential edge of return spring 8, initiatively two outer sliding sleeves 103 of frame are assemblied on two interior slide-bars 134 of control cage 13 respectively, initiatively frame is assemblied in from the circle of moving frame 11, be assemblied on two slide-bars 135 of control cage respectively from two inner sliding sleeves 113 of moving frame, the left-hand component of control cage is the attached frame 137 that can load and unload and fix, interior slide-bar and outer slide-bar are fixed with two block faces 136 respectively, each block face can contact with the axial end from moving frame or active frame and locate, one end of spring 29 is assembled with the spring abutment 102 of active frame, the other end with assemble from the second spring abutment 112 of moving frame, spring abutment and the second spring abutment are separately positioned on the position of initiatively midplane between frame and two axial ends moving effectively contact location from moving frame axial reciprocating, control cage, initiatively frame, from moving frame, spring is all axially arranged symmetrically with, initiatively the shift motion of frame is than large from the shift motion of moving frame, the passive shift fork 16 in transmission COMM communication 17 is equipped with from the annular groove outside of moving frame, the joint of the synchronizer 19 changeable gear axle in transmission COMM communication and little sliding gear 20 and gear axle and large sliding gear 21 or be separated, the second largest gear 261 that the little sliding gear of gear axle assembling is fixing with driving gear axle 30 engages, the second small gear 271 that the large sliding gear of gear axle assembling is fixing with driving gear axle engages.The middle part device of driving gear axle has steel ball oblique plane type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system, the internal spline of the block set 31 in the external splines of driving gear axle and the second Effector 91 is joined merga pass positioning ring and is fixed, block set symmetry be provided with through hole steel ball pipe 32, steel ball 33 is equipped with in the inside, steel ball and beveled claw 36, steel ball pipe and driving gear are coupling tactile, steel ball pipe is provided with the opening that beveled claw is passed, opening is located at the center position of steel ball pipe, the shaft axis of steel ball pipe is vertical with the shaft axis of driving gear axle, beveled claw is fixed on the inner headed face of afterburning circle 35, the arm of force 37 is fixed on the right side of afterburning circle, the arm of force and movable stand 34 are fixed, movable stand passes through spline gaps engagement sleeves on driving gear axle, second return spring 81 of compression is housed between movable stand and block set, second return spring is enclosed within driving gear axle, the right-hand member of the arm of force is provided with pusher dog 371, pusher dog extend into the groove of the second active frame 105 in the second counteragent device 121, the movement of the second active frame can make second from moving frame 114 oppositely movement, second realizes shift from moving frame by the second transmission COMM communication 171.

Driving gear axle is arranged with axis parallel and symmetrical groove, slide bar 38 is housed in groove, space is left between the inner headed face of slide bar and the second little sliding gear 201, slide bar left end is connected from moving frame with second, right-hand member is connected with mobile combined cover 39, the each outwardly crank throw in two ends of slide bar, second driven erection has inner groove, mobile combined cover is provided with outer groove, second from moving frame and mobile combined cover respectively corresponding be symmetrical arranged jagged, crank throw is contained in breach, the crank throw at slide bar two ends extend into inner groove and outer groove respectively, between the breach disc of inner groove and crank throw 381, jump ring 221 is housed, second jump ring 222 is housed between the breach disc of outer groove and crank throw, the opening of jump ring and the second jump ring is placed in the projection place of inner groove and outer groove respectively, mobile combined cover move back and forth being in transmission connection of changeable driving gear axle and the second little sliding gear 201 and driving gear axle and second largest sliding gear 211, the gearwheel 26 that second little sliding gear 201 of driving gear axle assembling is fixing with countershaft 25 engages, the small gear 27 that the second largest sliding gear 211 of driving gear axle assembling is fixing with countershaft engages, initiatively overlapping on 3 of gear axle 1 left end is fixed with power input gear 6, countershaft right-hand member is fixed with power output gear 28.The diameter of little sliding gear is less than the diameter of large sliding gear, and the diameter of the second little sliding gear is less than the diameter of second largest sliding gear, and the diameter of gearwheel is larger than the diameter of small gear, and the diameter of second largest gear is larger than the diameter of the second small gear.Shown in Fig. 4, one grade is in jointing state, can be assemblied in motorcycle, hybrid electric vehicle as the automatic transmission of four-speed gear shift.When realizing large load, moment of torsion shift, improves the working condition of motor or motor.Such as solve the problem of vehicle start, climbing over-emitting black exhaust.

As shown in Figure 9, be the embodiment of four axle four-speed gear shifts.Gear axle 1 assembles steel ball oblique plane type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system, comprise Effector 9, counteragent device 12, transmission COMM communication 17, the little sliding gear 20 that gear axle 1 assembles engages with second largest gear 261 fixing on driving gear axle 30, and the large sliding gear 21 of gear axle assembling engages with the second small gear 271 fixing on driving gear axle, the middle part device of driving gear axle has the second Effector 91, second counteragent device 121, second transmission COMM communication 171, from moving frame 11, bearing pin 47 is housed wherein, bearing pin passes radial elongated hole 401 and the axial hollow cavity 40 of driving gear axle, through the pin shaft hole of guide rod 15 left end in the middle part of bearing pin, guide rod is contained in the hollow cavity of gear axle, the second bearing pin 471 is equipped with in the pin shaft hole of guide rod right-hand member, second bearing pin is fixing through radial elongated hole and the mobile combined cover 39 of gear axle, the two ends of the second bearing pin are fixed in two pin shaft holes in the middle part of mobile combined cover, the third-largest gear 262 that second little sliding gear 201 of driving gear axle assembling is fixing with the second driving gear axle 301 engages, the third pinion 272 that the second largest sliding gear 211 of driving gear axle assembling is fixing with the second driving gear axle engages, the middle part device of the second driving gear axle has the 3rd Effector 92, 3rd counteragent device 122, 3rd transmission COMM communication 172, the gearwheel 26 that 3rd little sliding gear 202 of the second driving gear axle assembling is fixing with countershaft 25 engages, the small gear 27 that the third-largest sliding gear 212 of the second driving gear axle assembling is fixing with countershaft engages, gear axle 1 is fixed with power input gear 6, countershaft is fixed with power output gear 28.Bottom gear at one grade, fourth gear is in the drive mechanism of top gear, return spring rigidity in 3rd Effector 92 is larger than the return spring rigidity in the second Effector 91, and the return spring rigidity in the second Effector 91 is larger than the return spring rigidity in Effector 9.The diameter of little sliding gear is less than the diameter of large sliding gear, the diameter of the second little sliding gear is less than the diameter of second largest sliding gear, the diameter of the 3rd little sliding gear is less than the diameter of the third-largest sliding gear, the diameter of gearwheel is larger than the diameter of small gear, the diameter of second largest gear is larger than the diameter of the second small gear, and the diameter of the third-largest gear is larger than the diameter of third pinion.Shown in Fig. 9, one grade is in jointing state, can be assemblied in electric motor car, hybrid electric vehicle, small fuel oil car as the automatic transmission of four-speed gear shift.

As shown in Figure 10, be the embodiment of three axle three class gear shifts.On gear axle 1, device has the outer fork type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system of flyball crank throw, Effector 9 is wherein that gear axle fixes block set 31 by spline and positioning ring, block set symmetry be fixed with two lugs 41, each lug is passed the through hole of crank throw 42 curved part and is flexibly connected by bearing pin 47, crank throw left end is fixed with flyball 44, the other end is provided with a semicircle and pitches 43 greatly, the both sides of large fork are respectively provided with a little fork 45, large fork fork is in the radial cylindrical both sides of gear axle, little fork fork is on the fixing axostylus axostyle 48 of movement rod 46 left end, the fork of two crank throw symmetries is on the axostylus axostyle of movement rod, middle part and the reinforcing of movement rod are enclosed 35 and are fixed, afterburning snare is on the cylindrical of return spring 8, return spring is enclosed within gear axle, return spring is compressed between block set and active frame 10, the other end of movement rod is fixed with active frame, initiatively the movement of frame can make counteragent device 12 force the mobile combined cover 39 in transmission COMM communication 17 to switch being in transmission connection of gear axle and little sliding gear 20 and gear axle and large sliding gear 21, gear axle assembling little sliding gear with on driving gear axle 30 fix second largest gear 261 engage, the large sliding gear of gear axle assembling engages with the second small gear 271 fixing on driving gear axle, the middle part device of driving gear axle has fork type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system in flyball crank throw, comprise the second Effector 91, second counteragent device 121, second transmission COMM communication 171, driving gear axle fixes the second block set 310 by spline and positioning ring, second block set symmetry be fixed with four lugs, elongated hole is provided with between every two lugs, the elongated hole of the second block set and the radial elongated hole 401 of driving gear axle through, second crank throw 421 is installed between two lugs also through elongated hole, second crank throw is flexibly connected by bearing pin with lug, second crank throw one end is fixed with flyball, the other end is provided with a fork greatly, the both sides of large fork are respectively provided with a little fork, on the guide rod 15 of large fork fork device in the axial hollow cavity 40 of driving gear axle, little fork fork is on fixing the second axostylus axostyle 481 of guide rod left end, the fork of two the second crank throw symmetries is on the second axostylus axostyle of guide rod, the second bearing pin 471 is equipped with in the pin shaft hole of guide rod right-hand member, initiatively frame 105 is fixing with second through the radial elongated hole of driving gear axle for second bearing pin, second return spring 81 to be enclosed within driving gear axle and to be compressed in the second block set and second initiatively between frame, the movement of the second initiatively frame can make oppositely to move from moving frame thus force second to move combined cover 391 to switch gear shifting gear transmission system.

Second little sliding gear 201 of driving gear axle assembling engages with gearwheel 26 fixing on countershaft 25, the small gear 27 that the second largest sliding gear 211 of driving gear axle assembling is fixing with countershaft engages, the diameter of little sliding gear is less than the diameter of large sliding gear, the diameter of the second little sliding gear is less than the diameter of second largest sliding gear, the diameter of gearwheel is larger than the diameter of small gear, the diameter of second largest gear is larger than the diameter of the second small gear, gear axle is power input shaft, and countershaft is pto＝power take-off.Shown in Figure 10, one grade is in jointing state, can be assemblied in motorcycle, hybrid electric vehicle as the automatic transmission of three class gear shift.

As shown in figure 11, be the embodiment of electric motor car second gear variable speed drives wheel.On gear axle 1 in the motor case of electric motor car, device has steel ball oblique plane type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system, there is Effector 9, counteragent device 12, transmission COMM communication 17, fixing from moving frame 11 and mobile combined cover 39 wherein, mobile combined cover can move right and protrude the right-hand member of gear axle, the right-hand member of mobile combined cover is provided with dental inlay mating face, gear axle right-hand member arranges the hollow cavity running in bearings that projection and output shaft 53 left end arrange and is rotatably assorted, gear axle overlaps with the shaft axis of output shaft, the left end of output shaft is fixed with the large combination gear 263 combining with mobile combined cover or be separated, the second small gear 271 that large combination gear is fixed with transmission countershaft 52 right-hand member engages, transmission countershaft left end is equipped with gearwheel 26 by overrunning clutch, the small gear 27 that gearwheel is fixed with gear axle engages, the left end of gear axle and the central part of rotor 56 are fixed, motor coil 51 is fixed on the inside of casing 24, the right-hand member of output shaft stretches out from the axis hole of casing to be fixed with driving wheel 50, bearing 23 is equipped with between the axis hole of output shaft and casing and gearbox 57, and encapsulate lubricant oil by oil sealing 55, vehicle frame chain stay 49 is fixed by bolt and casing right side.The diameter of small gear is less than the diameter of large combination gear, and the diameter of gearwheel is larger than the diameter of the second small gear.Shown in Figure 11, one grade is in jointing state, is convenient to electric motor car starting and climbing, can improves the mechanical efficiency of motor.

As shown in figure 12, be the embodiment of motor rear axle second gear variable speed electric motors, particularly.On gear axle 1 in the motor case of motor rear axle, device has steel ball oblique plane type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system, there is Effector 9, counteragent device 12, transmission COMM communication 17, being connected with mobile combined cover 39 from moving frame wherein, on gear axle, clearance sliding fit is equipped with small sun gear 203 and large sun gear 213, small sun gear and large sun gear are provided with joining hole, mobile combined cover is equipped with between small sun gear and large sun gear, mobile combined cover is coordinated with gear shaft clearance by spline, the axial two ends of mobile combined cover are equipped with engagement pawl, the major planets wheel 64 of gear shaft 61 assembling that planet carrier 60 is fixing engages simultaneously fixing with casing 24 large ring gear 62 and engages with small sun gear, the asteroid wheel 59 of planet carrier assembling engages simultaneously fixing with casing small internal gear 63 and engages with large sun gear, between the inner headed face of hollow shaft 58 fixing in the middle part of planet carrier and the periphery of gear axle right-hand member, bearing is housed, the left end of gear axle and the central part of rotor 56 are fixed, motor coil 51 is fixed on the gearbox 57 of setting in casing 24, the left end axis hole of gearbox encapsulates lubricant oil by oil sealing 55, the diameter of small sun gear is less than the diameter of large sun gear, the diameter of major planets wheel is larger than the diameter of asteroid wheel, the internal diameter of large ring gear is larger than the internal diameter of small internal gear.Shown in Figure 12, one grade is in jointing state, can be assemblied in electro-tricycle, electrocar, and its casing and axle casing seal fixing, hollow shaft can be fixed driving gear and engage with the driven gear of rear axle differential.Especially motor reversal also can be facilitated to realize reversing.

As shown in Figure 13, Figure 14 and Figure 15, be the embodiment accelerating wheel hub second gear speed change.Driving sleeve device has internal cover type moment of torsion gear shift mechanism executive system, by Effector 9, counteragent device 12 and transmission COMM communication 17 are formed, the left end initiatively overlapping 3 is fixed with back-up ring 7, the return spring 8 of compression is housed between back-up ring and flip sleeve 2, return spring is enclosed within and initiatively puts, the ring gear 5 that driven cover 70 right-hand member is arranged extend in the outer groove that initiatively cover is arranged, drivenly be arranged with two radial elongated holes 401, on flip sleeve, symmetry is fixed with two crank throw shape arm of forces 37, the pusher dog 371 that the crank throw shape arm of force is arranged extend into the groove of initiatively frame 10, initiatively the movement of frame can make from moving frame 11 oppositely movement, initiatively frame two interior slip teeth 111 and between two slip teeth 101 of moving frame 11, four of being assemblied in that control cage 13 fixes respectively lead pawl 131 every two, be assemblied between two interior slip teeth of initiatively frame from two slip teeth of moving frame, each pawl of leading is fixed with two outer baffle blocks 132 and two internal stops 133 respectively, inner side surface between two outer baffle blocks can contact with the axial end of active frame and locate, inner side surface between two internal stops can contact with the axial end from moving frame and locate, one end of spring 29 is assembled with the spring abutment 102 of active frame, the other end with assemble from the second spring abutment 112 of moving frame, initiatively the shift motion of frame is than large 4 millimeters from the shift motion of moving frame.

Fix from the inner headed face of moving frame and the periphery of internal tooth casing 65, internal tooth casing passes through spline gaps engagement sleeves on driven cover 70, the ring gear of internal tooth casing left end extend in the annular groove outside of mobile combined cover 39, and mobile combined cover passes through spline gaps engagement sleeves on dead axle 67.Driven cover is fixed with planet carrier 60, the left end of planet carrier and the periphery clearance sliding fit of external tooth sun gear 71 right-hand member, planet carrier left end is fixed with gear shaft 61, gear shaft has planet wheel 54 by bearing assemble, the ring gear 69 that planet wheel and wheel hub 66 are fixed engages and engages with external tooth sun gear simultaneously, external tooth sun gear clearance sliding fit is assemblied on dead axle, external tooth sun wheel shaft coordinates by dental inlay the combination that realizes transmission to the left side of right side and mobile combined cover or is separated, initiatively cover is enclosed within the right-hand member of dead axle 67 by bearing 23 and oil sealing 55, wheel hub by bearing housing at dead axle left end and initiatively overlap right-hand member, overrunning clutch 68 is equipped with between driven cover right-hand member periphery and wheel hub, the right-hand member initiatively overlapped and sprocket wheel 72 are fixed, wheel hub and wheel are fixed.Shown in Figure 13, one grade is in jointing state, and be situation lower hub and sprocket wheel synchronous axial system that moment of torsion is large, the mechanical efficiency of transmission is the highest.

As shown in figure 16, be the embodiment of deceleration wheel hub second gear speed change.Driving sleeve device has internal cover type moment of torsion gear shift mechanism executive system, wherein Effector 9 initiatively overlaps 3 left ends to be fixed with back-up ring 7, the return spring 8 of compression is housed between back-up ring and flip sleeve 2, return spring is enclosed within and initiatively puts, the ring gear 5 that driven cover 70 right-hand member is arranged extend in the outer groove that initiatively cover is arranged, drivenly be arranged with two radial elongated holes 401, the flip sleeve position corresponding with elongated hole is provided with screw hole, bolt is fixed on flip sleeve through retainer ring 73 and sleeve pipe by screw hole, space is left between retainer ring and driven cover, on retainer ring, symmetry is fixed with two crank throw shape arm of forces 37, the pusher dog 371 that the crank throw shape arm of force is arranged extend into the groove of the active frame 10 in counteragent device 12, initiatively the movement of frame can make from moving frame 11 oppositely movement, control cage 13 is fixed on driven putting by spline and positioning ring.The periphery of the mobile combined cover 39 from the inner headed face and transmission COMM communication 17 of moving frame is fixed, mobile combined cover by spline housing on driven cover 70.Driven cover clearance sliding fit is equipped with planet carrier 60, the periphery clearance sliding fit of external tooth sun gear 71 right-hand member that the axial left end of planet carrier and wheel hub 66 are fixed, planet carrier is rotatably assorted and is equipped with gear shaft 61, the left end of gear shaft is fixed with asteroid wheel 59, the right-hand member of gear shaft is equipped with major planets wheel 64 by overrunning clutch, the external toothing that major planets wheel and driven cover are fixed engages, the external tooth sun gear that asteroid wheel is fixed with wheel hub engages, external tooth sun wheel shaft coordinates by dental inlay the combination that realizes transmission to the left side of right side and mobile combined cover or is separated, driven cover by spline gaps engagement sleeves on flip sleeve 2, flip sleeve is enclosed within by helical tooth Spielpassung and initiatively overlaps on 3, initiatively cover is by the right-hand member of bearing housing at dead axle 67, wheel hub is overlapped at dead axle and active by bearing housing, the right-hand member initiatively overlapped and sprocket wheel 72 are fixed, wheel hub and wheel are fixed, the diameter of major planets wheel is larger than the diameter of asteroid wheel.Shown in Figure 16, one grade is in jointing state, be moment of torsion large when gearing down; When moment of torsion is little and in common road conditions, sprocket wheel and wheel hub synchronous axial system, can obtain the highest transmission efficiency.The electric motor car that motor is mid-can be assemblied in, be convenient to starting and climbing, improve the mechanical efficiency of motor.

As shown in figure 17, be the embodiment of five axle three class gear shifts.Gear axle 1 is equipped with steel ball oblique plane type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system, by Effector 9, counteragent device 12 and transmission COMM communication 17 are formed, fix from the axial right-hand member of moving frame and mobile combined cover 39 wherein, the mating face of mobile combined cover can move axially the right-hand member protruding gear axle, mobile combined cover right-hand member is provided with dental inlay mating face, gear axle right-hand member arranges the hollow cavity running in bearings 23 that projection and driving gear axle 30 left end arrange and is rotatably assorted, the shaft axis of gear axle overlaps with the shaft axis of driving gear axle, the left end of driving gear axle is fixed with the large combination gear 263 combining with mobile combined cover or be separated, the second small gear 271 that large combination gear is fixed with transmission countershaft 52 right-hand member engages, transmission countershaft left end is equipped with gearwheel 26 by overrunning clutch, the small gear 27 that gearwheel is fixed with gear axle left end engages.Large combination gear on driving gear axle and be fixed with third pinion 272 between the second steel ball oblique plane type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system, the middle part device of driving gear axle has the second Effector 91, second counteragent device 121 and the second transmission COMM communication 171, moving combined cover 391 from moving frame right-hand member and second and fix wherein, second mating face of moving combined cover can move axially the right-hand member protruding driving gear axle, second moves the axial right-hand member of combined cover is provided with dental inlay mating face, driving gear axle right-hand member arranges hollow cavity that projection and output shaft 53 left end arrange and assembles the second bearing 231 and be rotatably assorted, the shaft axis of driving gear axle overlaps with the shaft axis of output shaft, the left end of output shaft is fixed with the second largest combination gear 264 moving combined cover with second and combine or be separated, the fourth pinion 273 that second largest combination gear is fixed with the second transmission countershaft 521 right-hand member engages, second transmission countershaft left end is equipped with second largest gear 261 by overrunning clutch, the third pinion 272 that second largest gear is fixed with driving gear axle engages.The diameter of small gear is less than the diameter of large combination gear, and the diameter of gearwheel is larger than the diameter of the second small gear, and the diameter of second largest gear is larger than the diameter of fourth pinion, and the diameter of third pinion is less than the diameter of second largest combination gear.Gear axle is power input shaft, and output shaft is pto＝power take-off.Shown in Figure 17, one grade is in jointing state, advantage does not have separated state in transmission, ensure that the continuity of transmission shift, adopt dental inlay face to combine or be separated, its shift motion is little, can make the smaller volume of automatic transmission, be convenient to Lightweight Vehicles assembling use, pto＝power take-off can also reverse, can not be stuck when sulky vehicle is retrodicted, and conveniently parks cars.

Transmission principle and the operating process of automatic transmission of the present invention are:

Be described with the embodiment of three axle four-speed gear shifts of automatic transmission, as Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, it belongs to moment of torsion and rotating speed mixing automatic gear-shifting, the Effector of gear axle assembling is when moment of torsion increases, the active force of helical tooth strengthens, flip sleeve is forced to slide to right-hand member, return spring is compressed, the link press span that flip sleeve is fixed promotes initiatively frame to the right, initiatively frame relation control frame moves right and the spring of compression is constantly changed the pressure direction from moving frame, when pressure direction changes into moment from right to left from left to right, counteragent device quicks rebound and to promote from moving frame from right to left, promote passive shift fork from moving frame gear axle be separated with large sliding gear the movement from right to left of the synchronizer transmission COMM communication and realize the joint of gear axle and little sliding gear, when high pulling torque height rotating speed, the third gear of driving gear is switched to second gear by synchronizer, when the high pulling torque slow-speed of revolution, the second gear of driving gear is switched to one grade by synchronizer.

In driving gear axle, part device has steel ball oblique plane type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system, the steel ball of the through hole steel ball pipe of the second Effector is when rotating speed increases, because centrifugal force increases, steel ball outwards produces the effect of power to beveled claw, beveled claw is moved axially from right to left, from right to left move corresponding to movable stand of the arm of force simultaneously, second return spring is compressed, the pusher dog of arm of force right-hand member makes the in the second counteragent device second active frame move, the movement of the second active frame makes second from moving frame oppositely movement, second forces mobile combined cover to move from left to right from moving frame, when high pulling torque height rotating speed, the second gear of driving gear is switched to third gear by mobile combined cover, when little moment of torsion height rotating speed, the third gear of driving gear is switched to fourth gear by mobile combined cover.Little sliding gear is not identical respectively with the velocity ratio of second largest sliding gear with the second small gear with the velocity ratio of second largest gear with second respectively for the velocity ratio of the velocity ratio of little sliding gear and gearwheel and small gear and large sliding gear, shown in Fig. 4, one grade is in jointing state, illustrates that automatic transmission is in the slow-revving running state of high pulling torque.

The operation of shift is the operation becoming top gear from bottom gear is first accelerate to slow down again, and the operation becoming bottom gear from top gear first slows down to accelerate again, and principle is that synchronizer or the snap-in force of mobile combined cover in transmission are eliminated and automatic gear-shifting.

Although by reference to the accompanying drawings to invention has been foregoing description; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic; instead of it is restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; when not departing from present inventive concept, can also make a lot of distortion, these all belong to the row of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. an automatic transmission, be by bearing assemble in casing or wheel hub or gearbox, and be packaged with lubricant oil, it comprises shifting gear transmission system, gear shift mechanism executive system, it is characterized in that: described gear shift mechanism executive system comprises Effector, counteragent device, transmission COMM communication, described counteragent device also comprises control cage, initiatively frame, from moving frame, spring, initiatively frame is connected by spring with from moving frame, initiatively frame and from moving frame respectively with control cage axial sliding fit, initiatively the sliding stroke of frame is than large from the sliding stroke of moving frame, initiatively mid point and the mid point from moving frame sliding stroke of frame sliding stroke are on the same face, initiatively frame and have by the spring compressed from device between moving frame, initiatively frame is connected with Effector, is connected, forces shifting gear transmission system shift and realize speed change from moving frame counteragent from moving frame with transmission COMM communication, described shifting gear transmission system is multiaxis constant mesh gear transmission system or transmission type epicyclic gear train gear train assembly or hub-type epicyclic gear train gear train assembly.

2. automatic transmission according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described multiaxis constant mesh gear transmission system is twin shaft constant mesh gear transmission system, described twin shaft constant mesh gear transmission system is fork type twin shaft constant mesh gear transmission system or single guide bar twin shaft constant mesh gear transmission system or multiple guide bar twin shaft constant mesh gear transmission system

3. automatic transmission according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described multiaxis constant mesh gear transmission system is two grades of triple axle constant mesh gear transmission systems or third gear triple axle constant mesh gear transmission system,

4. automatic transmission according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described transmission type epicyclic gear train gear train assembly is that gear shaft device has gear shift mechanism executive system, on gear axle, clearance sliding fit is equipped with small sun gear and large sun gear, small sun gear and large sun gear are provided with engagement pawl or joining hole or dental inlay mating face, mobile combined cover is equipped with between small sun gear and large sun gear, mobile combined cover is coordinated with gear shaft clearance by spline, the major planets wheel of planet carrier assembling engages simultaneously fixing with casing large ring gear and engages with small sun gear, the asteroid wheel of planet carrier assembling engages simultaneously fixing with casing small internal gear and engages with large sun gear, between the inner headed face of hollow shaft fixing in the middle part of planet carrier and the periphery of gear axle one end, bearing is housed, the diameter of small sun gear is less than the diameter of large sun gear, the diameter of major planets wheel is larger than the diameter of asteroid wheel, the internal diameter of large ring gear is larger than the internal diameter of small internal gear, gear axle or initiatively cover are power input, hollow shaft is pto＝power take-off, described active cover is enclosed within flip sleeve by helical tooth, flip sleeve is enclosed within gear axle by spline or helical tooth.

5. automatic transmission according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described hub-type epicyclic gear train gear train assembly is accelerating type epicyclic gear train gear train assembly or slowdown type epicyclic gear train gear train assembly,

6. the automatic transmission according to Claims 2 or 3 or 4, it is characterized in that: described gear shift mechanism executive system is fork type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system or the outer fork type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system of flyball crank throw in jacket-type moment of torsion gear shift mechanism executive system or steel ball oblique plane type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system or flyball crank throw respectively

7. automatic transmission according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described gear shift mechanism executive system is internal cover type moment of torsion gear shift mechanism executive system, initiatively cover is fixed with back-up ring, the return spring of compression is housed between back-up ring and flip sleeve, return spring is enclosed within and initiatively puts, the ring gear that driven cover one end is arranged extend in the outer groove that initiatively cover is arranged, drivenly be arranged with at least two elongated holes, the flip sleeve position corresponding with elongated hole is provided with screw hole, bolt is fixed on flip sleeve through retainer ring and sleeve pipe by screw hole, space is left between retainer ring and driven cover, on retainer ring, symmetry is fixed with at least two crank throw shape arm of forces, the pusher dog that the crank throw shape arm of force is arranged extend into the groove of initiatively frame, initiatively the movement of frame can make from moving frame oppositely movement, thus the gear switched in shifting gear transmission system.

8. the automatic transmission according to Claims 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, it is characterized in that: described gear shift mechanism executive system also comprises counteragent device, described counteragent device is lead the outer counteragent device of claw or to lead in claw counteragent device in counteragent device or the outer counteragent device of sliding shaft or sliding shaft respectively

9. automatic transmission according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described multi-axle constant mesh gear transmission system is fourth gear triple axle constant mesh gear transmission system or transmission shaft type multiaxis constant mesh gear transmission system or driving gear shaft type multiaxis constant mesh gear transmission system

10. automatic transmission according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described multi-axle constant mesh gear transmission system is transmission shaft type multiaxis constant mesh gear transmission system or driving gear shaft type multiaxis constant mesh gear transmission system,

Described driving gear shaft type multiaxis constant mesh gear transmission system is two gears meshing that two sliding gears be equipped with on the gear axle of gear shift mechanism executive system are fixed with driving gear axle respectively, the middle part device of driving gear axle has steel ball oblique plane type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system or the outer fork type rotating speed gear shift mechanism executive system of crank throw, two sliding gears of driving gear axle assembling again with next or multiple driving gear axle successively being in transmission connection one by one, finally be connected outputting power with countershaft gearing, the automatic speed changing of multiple grades can be realized, bottom gear at one grade, fourth gear or five grades or six grades or seven grades or eight grades are in the drive mechanism of top gear successively, return spring rigidity in the gear shift mechanism executive system of each grade successively large or steel ball gross mass the little or slope of beveled claw is little or flyball quality is little successively successively successively.