CN102601338B - Method for producing large magnesium alloy ring by means of centrifugal casting - Google Patents
Method for producing large magnesium alloy ring by means of centrifugal casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN102601338B CN102601338B CN201210075519.7A CN201210075519A CN102601338B CN 102601338 B CN102601338 B CN 102601338B CN 201210075519 A CN201210075519 A CN 201210075519A CN 102601338 B CN102601338 B CN 102601338B
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Abstract
A method for producing a large magnesium alloy ring by means of centrifugal casting includes: preheating a mould; hanging thermal insulation coatings and determining centrifugal casting parameters; performing centrifugal casting and the like. The method is technically characterized by determination of rotation speed and casting speed. A centrifugal power device is started for centrifugal casting, the centrifugal rotation speed n is calculated according to the gravity coefficient formula as shown in the original text, n=29.9, wherein n refers to the centrifugal rotation speed, R refers to the radius (m) of the inner surface of a casting, and G refers to gravity coefficient. The method overcomes the shortcomings of an existing large magnesium alloy ring production process, is used for producing the large magnesium alloy ring with compact texture and high tensile strength, and has an important significance for magnesium alloy application and development of magnesium alloy centrifugal casting technology.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to magnesium alloy materials field shaping technique, be specifically related to a kind of method that magnesium alloy large-sized ring is produced in centrifugal casting.
Background technology
Magnesium alloy is the lightest structural metallic materials in current practical application, it has low-density, high specific strength, good advantages such as conduction, heat conduction and casting character, therefore in fields such as automobile, instrument and Aero-Space, there is comparatively wide application prospect, be called as the environmental protection structural material of 21 century.
Yet magnesium and most of magnesium alloy all belong to close-packed hexagonal structure metal, under normal temperature, plastic deformation ability is poor.Therefore, nearly decades, the wrought magnesium alloy products such as plate, band, rod are mainly to be obtained through thermal processing distortion by common semi-continuous casting magnesium alloy square billet or slab.Therefore, adopt plastic deformation method to produce large-scale magnesium alloy ring and be subject to technically certain restriction.
Centrifugal casting is that liquid metal is poured in the casting mold of rotation, at centrifugal action lower charging type and be frozen into the casting method of foundry goods.Centrifugal casting has had comparatively successfully application in the production of seamless steel pipe, aluminium alloy wheel hub.At present, Mg alloy castings is all smaller, and casting method mostly is metal mold and compression casting, yet there are no so far the report of producing magnesium alloy large-sized foundry goods about centrifugal casting.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of novel centrifugal casting and produce the method for magnesium alloy large-sized ring, can obtain diameter range is the large-scale magnesium alloy ring of 1 meter ~ 5 meter, dense structures, function admirable.
The method of large-scale magnesium alloy ring is produced in a kind of centrifugal casting involved in the present invention, and processing step is as follows:
1, according to magnesium alloy large-sized ring dimensions designing mould;
2, mould is hung to insulating moulding coating
1) rust of cleaning die surface, dust, remaining coating etc., and strictly control greasy dirt;
2) prepare insulating moulding coating: insulating moulding coating consists of: take ZnO as basic water based paint, adding mass fraction is 1.5% boric acid (H
3bO
3), 1.1% sodium alkyl sulfonate, 2.0% Na
2siO
3;
3) with painting slip, roll extension method above-mentioned coating is hung on mould inner surface equably, paint thickness 3 ~ 7mm, dries insulation 1 hour by mould after being coated with;
3, mould and die preheating to 200 ~ 250 ℃ after the 2nd step is coated with;
4, melting
1) intermediate frequency furnace or resistance furnace are heated to 710 ~ 740 ℃, crucible inwall and bottom even sprinkle No. 1 flux of one deck and make inner surface of crucible form the uniform protective layer of one deck, in No. 1 solvent, various composition quality marks are: MgCl
2be 45%, KCl is 40%, CaF
2be 5%, BaCl
2be 10%, add the alloy pig through preheating, the consolidation of trying one's best, in reinforced backward crucible, constantly passing into through even mixing, dry volume ratio is Ar: SF
6the hybrid protection gas of=60%:40%, then on its surface, spread No. 1 flux of one deck, after the fusing of alloy part ingot, in crucible, add alloy pig again, evenly spread above it No. 1 flux of one deck, repeat above-mentioned operation, until furnace charge adds, in fusion process, the use amount of No. 1 flux is total furnace charge 1 ~ 1.2%;
2) refining: fusion temperature to 710 ℃ ~ 750 ℃ stops heating, remove the foul of crucible bottom, remove the slag of metal bath surface, sprinkle No. 1 flux of one deck, with stirring spoon, stir 5～8 minutes, by No. 2 refining fluxs, ((main component is MgCO to the magnesite that No. 2 refining solvents are 0.4% again
3), granularity 10 ~ 15) divide 2 bags to wrap with aluminium foil, be preheated to 120 ℃～200 ℃ and pack 2/3 depths that bell jar immerses liquid magnesium alloy into, vertical direction is stirred 15 minutes, constantly on aluminium alloy stream crest, spread refining flux No. 2 simultaneously, until magnesium liquid surface no longer includes oxide white, from bottom, molten bath, roll up, till liquid level is clean, thoroughly skim, then sprinkle No. 1 flux that one deck is new; After rotten processing, carefully remove on sidewall of crucible and the slag of liquid level, stir again 8～10 minutes, it is large that want on the corrugated of stirring during stirring, but must not destroy metal bath surface, stir action and want accurately and rapidly, the wave height of digging remained unchanged, will be before the wave of being everlasting during stirring slowly be sprinkled into flux No. 1; In refining process, the use amount of No. 2 refining fluxs is total furnace charge 1 ~ 1.5%;
3) casting ladle is baked to the hybrid protection gas constantly passing in step 3 after 700 ℃ and wraps interior air to get rid of;
4) after being incubated standing approximately 30～40 minutes when thermometric is 700 ℃ in stove, transfer in casting ladle standing to be poured;
5, cast
1) while pouring into a mould, casting mold initial temperature is 200 ~ 250 ℃, 680 ℃ of pouring temperatures; In whole casting process, constantly in mould and casting ladle, pass into dry Ar and the SF in step 4
6hybrid protection gas;
2) starting centrifugal power equipment casts
Centrifugal rotational speed n calculates according to gravity coefficient formula (the left husband's formula of infectious coryza):
n=29.9
In formula, n is casting mold rotating speed (r/min), and R is foundry goods inner surface radius (m), and G is gravity coefficient;
Before cast, first from ladle spout, pour out and account for 2～3% the aluminium alloy that casting ladle is now contained alloy amount, the top edge 30～10mm place that then pouring mouth is approached to cup makes aluminium alloy levelling steady, evenly and incessantly pours into casting mold, in cup, can not produce whirlpool.Between casting cycle, cup planted agent remains and is full of, in order to avoid impurity, oxide skin etc. fall into casting mold, foundry goods is scrapped, and after casting, casting ladle planted agent leaves the aluminium alloy that is no less than 20%, to avoid the impurity that sinks to casting ladle bottom to enter mold cavity;
6, after casting complete, continue to pass into dry Ar and the SF in step 4
6hybrid protection gas, obtains magnesium alloy large-sized annular cast after the demoulding of stopping after centrifugal machine continuation rotation 40 ~ 60min;
Magnesium alloy large-sized ring method is produced in a kind of novel centrifugal casting involved in the present invention, and resulting magnesium alloy large-sized ring dense structure, tensile strength and mechanical performance all can reach designing requirement.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A method for magnesium alloy large-sized ring is produced in centrifugal casting, comprises mould and die preheating, hangs the definite and centrifugal casting of insulating moulding coating, centrifugal casting parameter etc.Take AZ31 as raw material, and the external diameter of the magnesium alloy ring of production is that 3000mm, internal diameter are 2700 mm, are highly 300 mm, and its concrete operation step and technological parameter are as follows:
1, mould is prepared and preheating, according to the design size of magnesium alloy ring, requires to prepare centrifugal casting mould.Mould and die preheating to 250 degree.
2, hang insulating moulding coating
1) rust of cleaning die surface, dust, remaining coating etc., and strictly control greasy dirt;
2) with painting slip, rolling extension method hangs over coating on mould inner surface equably.Paint thickness 5mm.After being coated with, mould is dried to insulation 5 ~ 6h at 400 ~ 500 ℃, be then down to 250 ℃ of insulations to be poured;
3, melting
1) adopt 6t medium-frequency induction furnace; use neutral lining material; by intermediate frequency heating to 730 ℃, crucible inwall and bottom even sprinkle No. 1 flux of one deck and make inner surface of crucible form the uniform protective layer of one deck, in No. 1 solvent, various composition quality marks are: MgCl
2be 45%, KCl is 40%, CaF
2be 5%, BaCl
2be 10%, add the alloy pig through preheating, the consolidation of trying one's best, in reinforced backward crucible, constantly passing into through even mixing, dry volume ratio is Ar: SF
6the hybrid protection gas of=60%:40%, then on its surface, spread No. 1 flux of one deck, after the fusing of alloy part ingot, in crucible, add alloy pig again, evenly spread above it No. 1 flux of one deck, repeat above-mentioned operation, until furnace charge adds, in fusion process, the use amount of No. 1 flux is total furnace charge 1 ~ 1.2%;
2) fusion temperature to 720 ℃ stops heating, and removes the foul of crucible bottom, removes the slag of metal bath surface, sprinkles No. 1 flux of one deck, then spoonful stirs 5～8 minutes with stirring, by No. 2 refining fluxs (magnesite MgCO that No. 2 refining solvents are 0.4%
3granularity 10 ~ 15) divide 2 bags to wrap with aluminium foil, be preheated to 200 ℃ and pack 2/3 depths that bell jar immerses liquid magnesium alloy into, vertical direction is stirred 15 minutes, constantly on aluminium alloy stream crest, spread refining flux No. 2 simultaneously, until magnesium liquid surface no longer includes oxide white, from bottom, molten bath, roll up, till liquid level is clean, thoroughly skim, then sprinkle No. 1 flux that one deck is new; After rotten processing, carefully remove on sidewall of crucible and the slag of liquid level, stir again 8～10 minutes, it is large that want on the corrugated of stirring during stirring, but must not destroy metal bath surface, stir action and want accurately and rapidly, the wave height of digging remained unchanged, will be before the wave of being everlasting during stirring slowly be sprinkled into flux No. 1; In fusion process, the use amount of No. 2 refining fluxs is total furnace charge 1 ~ 1.5%;
3) casting ladle is baked to after 710 ℃ one constantly to pass into through even mixing, dry volume ratio is Ar: SF
6=60%: 40% hybrid protection gas;
4) after being incubated standing approximately 30～40 minutes when thermometric is 700 ℃ in stove, transfer in casting ladle standing to be poured;
4, casting
Start centrifugal power equipment and carry out centrifugal casting, during cast, rotating speed is 250r/min, and in casting cycle, constantly passing into through even mixing, dry volume ratio is Ar: SF
6the hybrid protection gas of=60%:40%; before cast, first from ladle spout, pour out and account for 2～3% the aluminium alloy that casting ladle is now contained alloy amount; then the top edge 20mm place that pouring mouth is approached to cup makes aluminium alloy levelling steady, evenly and incessantly pours into casting mold, in cup, can not produce whirlpool.Between casting cycle, cup planted agent remains and is full of, in order to avoid impurity, oxide skin etc. fall into casting mold, foundry goods is scrapped, and after casting, casting ladle planted agent leaves the aluminium alloy that is no less than 20%, to avoid the impurity that sinks to casting ladle bottom to enter mold cavity;
5, after casting complete, continue to pass into above-mentioned dry Ar and SF
6hybrid protection gas, obtains magnesium alloy large-sized annular cast after the demoulding of stopping after centrifugal machine continuation rotation 60min;
Embodiment 2
A method for magnesium alloy large-sized ring is produced in centrifugal casting, comprises mould and die preheating, hangs the definite and centrifugal casting of insulating moulding coating, centrifugal casting parameter etc.Take AZ31 as raw material, and the external diameter of the magnesium alloy ring of production is that 2000mm, internal diameter are 1700 mm, are highly 200 mm, and its concrete operation step and technological parameter are as follows:
1, mould is prepared and preheating, according to the design size of magnesium alloy ring, requires to prepare centrifugal casting mould.Mould and die preheating to 220 degree.
2, hang insulating moulding coating
1) rust of cleaning die surface, dust, remaining coating etc., and strictly control greasy dirt;
2) with painting slip, rolling extension method hangs over coating on mould inner surface equably.Paint thickness 4mm.After being coated with, mould is dried to insulation 5 ~ 6h at 400 ~ 500 ℃, be then down to 220 ℃ of insulations to be poured;
3, melting
1) adopt 6t medium-frequency induction furnace; use neutral lining material; by intermediate frequency heating to 730 ℃; crucible inwall and bottom even sprinkle No. 1 flux of one deck and make inner surface of crucible form the uniform protective layer of one deck; add the alloy pig through preheating; consolidation as far as possible, in reinforced backward crucible, constantly passing into through even mixing, dry volume ratio is Ar: SF
6the hybrid protection gas of=60%:40%, then on its surface, spread No. 1 flux of one deck, after the fusing of alloy part ingot, in crucible, add alloy pig again, evenly spread above it No. 1 flux of one deck, repeat above-mentioned operation, until furnace charge adds, in fusion process, the use amount of No. 1 flux is total furnace charge 1 ~ 1.2%;
2) fusion temperature to 720 ℃ stops heating, remove the foul of crucible bottom, remove the slag of metal bath surface, sprinkle flux No. 1, with stirring spoon, stir 5～8 minutes again, divide 2 bags to wrap with aluminium foil No. 2 refining fluxs, be preheated to 200 ℃ and pack 2/3 depths that bell jar immerses liquid magnesium alloy into, vertical direction is stirred 15 minutes, constantly on aluminium alloy stream crest, spread flux No. 2 simultaneously, until magnesium liquid surface no longer includes oxide white, from bottom, molten bath, roll up, till liquid level is clean, thoroughly skim, then sprinkle No. 1 flux that one deck is new; After rotten processing, carefully remove on sidewall of crucible and the slag of liquid level, stir again 8～10 minutes, it is large that want on the corrugated of stirring during stirring, but must not destroy metal bath surface, stir action and want accurately and rapidly, the wave height of digging to be remained unchanged, will be before the wave of being everlasting during stirring slowly be sprinkled into flux No. 1, in refining process, the use amount of No. 2 refining fluxs is total furnace charge 1 ~ 1.5%;
3) casting ladle is baked to that after 710 ℃, constantly to pass into through even mixing, dry volume ratio be Ar: SF
6the hybrid protection gas of=60%:40% is to get rid of air in bag;
4) after being incubated standing approximately 30～40 minutes when thermometric is 700 ℃ in stove, transfer in casting ladle standing to be poured;
4, casting
Start centrifugal power equipment and carry out centrifugal casting, during cast, rotating speed is 400r/min, before cast, first from ladle spout, pour out and account for 2～3% the aluminium alloy that casting ladle is now contained alloy amount, then the top edge 20mm place that pouring mouth is approached to cup makes aluminium alloy levelling steady, evenly and incessantly pour into casting mold, in cup, can not produce whirlpool.Between casting cycle, cup planted agent remains and is full of, in order to avoid impurity, oxide skin etc. fall into casting mold, foundry goods is scrapped, and after casting, casting ladle planted agent leaves the aluminium alloy that is no less than 20%, to avoid the impurity that sinks to casting ladle bottom to enter mold cavity;
5, after casting complete, continue to pass into above-mentioned dry Ar and SF
6hybrid protection gas; Centrifugal machine continues to stop after rotation 60min after the demoulding and obtains magnesium alloy large-sized annular cast.
Claims (3)
1. a method for magnesium alloy large-sized ring is produced in centrifugal casting, it is characterized in that processing step is as follows:
The 1st step: according to magnesium alloy large-sized ring dimensions designing mould;
The 2nd step: mould is hung to insulating moulding coating
1) rust, dust, the remaining coating of cleaning die surface, and strictly control greasy dirt;
2) prepare insulating moulding coating: insulating moulding coating consists of: take ZnO as basic water based paint, adding mass fraction is 1.5% boric acid (H
3bO
3), 1.1% sodium alkyl sulfonate, 2.0% Na
2siO
3;
3) with painting slip, roll extension method above-mentioned coating is hung on mould inner surface equably, paint thickness 3 ~ 7mm, dries insulation 5 ~ 6 hours by mould after being coated with;
The 3rd step: mould and die preheating to 200 ~ 250 ℃ after the 2nd step is coated with;
The 4th step: melting
1) intermediate frequency furnace or resistance furnace are heated to 710 ~ 740 ℃, crucible inwall and bottom even sprinkle No. 1 flux of one deck and make inner surface of crucible form the uniform protective layer of one deck, in No. 1 flux, various composition quality marks are: MgCl
2be 45%, KCl is 40%, CaF
2be 5%, BaCl
2be 10%, add the alloy pig through preheating, the consolidation of trying one's best, in reinforced backward crucible, constantly passing into through even mixing, dry volume ratio is Ar: SF
6the hybrid protection gas of=60%:40%, then on its surface, spread No. 1 flux of one deck, after the fusing of alloy part ingot, in crucible, add alloy pig again, evenly spread above it No. 1 flux of one deck, repeat above-mentioned operation, until furnace charge adds, in fusion process, the use amount of No. 1 flux is total furnace charge 1 ~ 1.2%;
2) refining: fusion temperature to 710 ℃ ~ 750 ℃ stops heating, remove the foul of crucible bottom, remove the slag of metal bath surface, sprinkle No. 1 flux of one deck, with stirring spoon, stir 5 ~ 8 minutes again, No. 2 refining fluxs are preheated to 120 ℃ ~ 200 ℃, the magnesite that No. 2 refining fluxs are 0.4%, main component is MgCO
3granularity 10 ~ 15, divide two bags to wrap with aluminium foil, pack 2/3 depths that bell jar immerses liquid magnesium alloy into, vertical direction is stirred 15 minutes, constantly on aluminium alloy stream crest, spreads refining flux No. 2 simultaneously, until no longer including oxide white, magnesium liquid surface from bottom, molten bath, rolls up, till liquid level is clean, thoroughly skims, then sprinkle No. 1 flux that one deck is new; After rotten processing, carefully remove on sidewall of crucible and the slag of liquid level, stir again 8～10 minutes, it is large that want on the corrugated of stirring during stirring, but must not destroy metal bath surface, stir action and want accurately and rapidly, the wave height of digging remained unchanged, will be before the wave of being everlasting during stirring slowly be sprinkled into flux No. 1; In refining process, the use amount of No. 2 refining fluxs is total furnace charge 1 ~ 1.5%;
3) casting ladle is baked to the hybrid protection gas constantly passing in step 4 after 700 ℃ and wraps interior air to get rid of;
4) after being incubated standing 30 ~ 40 minutes when thermometric is 700 ℃ in stove, transfer in casting ladle standing to be poured;
The 5th step: cast
1) while pouring into a mould, casting mold initial temperature is 200 ~ 250 ℃, 680 ℃ of pouring temperatures; In whole casting process, constantly in mould and casting ladle, pass into dry Ar and the SF in step 4
6hybrid protection gas;
2) starting centrifugal power equipment casts
Centrifugal rotational speed n calculates according to gravity coefficient formula (the left husband's formula of infectious coryza):
n = 29.9(G/R)
1/2
In formula, n is casting mold rotating speed (r/min), and R is foundry goods inner surface radius (m), and G is gravity coefficient;
Before cast, first from ladle spout, pour out and account for 2 ~ 3% the aluminium alloy that casting ladle is now contained alloy amount, the top edge 10 ~ 30mm place that then pouring mouth is approached to cup makes aluminium alloy levelling steady, evenly and incessantly pours into casting mold, in cup, can not produce whirlpool;
Between casting cycle, cup planted agent remains and is full of, in order to avoid impurity, oxide skin falls into casting mold that foundry goods is scrapped, after casting, casting ladle planted agent leaves the aluminium alloy that is no less than 20%, to avoid the impurity that sinks to casting ladle bottom to enter mold cavity;
The 6th step: continue to pass into dry Ar and SF in step 4 after casting complete
6hybrid protection gas, obtains magnesium alloy large-sized annular cast after the demoulding of stopping after centrifugal machine continuation rotation 40 ~ 60min.
2. the method for magnesium alloy large-sized ring is produced in a kind of centrifugal casting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described magnesium alloy large-sized ring size is between 1000mm-5000mm.
3. the method for magnesium alloy large-sized ring is produced in a kind of centrifugal casting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described magnesium alloy is AZ series, AJ series, Mg-Li-Al-Sr magnesium alloy.
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