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CN102209873B - 用于锅炉的空气分离和水加热集成设备 - Google Patents

用于锅炉的空气分离和水加热集成设备 Download PDF

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CN102209873B
CN102209873B CN200980144751.8A CN200980144751A CN102209873B CN 102209873 B CN102209873 B CN 102209873B CN 200980144751 A CN200980144751 A CN 200980144751A CN 102209873 B CN102209873 B CN 102209873B
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water
heat exchanger
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compressor
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CN102209873A (zh
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R·杜贝蒂尔-格勒尼耶
J·特拉尼耶
S·格利
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Clecim SAS
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Siemens VAI Metals Technologies SAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种集成设备，所述集成设备包括：由蒸汽涡轮(17)驱动的空气压缩机(31)；第一热交换器(29)；用于将水输送入第一热交换器并从该第一热交换器输送入锅炉(1)的机构；用于将压缩空气从压缩机输送入第一热交换器的机构；以及空气分离装置(49)，该空气分离装置被供应以在压缩机中被压缩的空气；加热机构(3)，该加热机构用于加热位于第一交换器下游的水；第二交换器(13)；用于将水从第一交换器输送入加热机构、从该加热机构输送入第二交换器以及从该第二交换器输送入锅炉的机构；用于将空气在压缩机与第二交换器之间没有被预热的情况下输送入处于第一交换器上游的第二交换器的机构。

Description

用于锅炉的空气分离和水加热集成设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于锅炉的空气分离和水加热集成设备。
背景技术
US-A-4461154公开了一绝热压缩机的用途，该绝热压缩机用于压缩空气和对在该压缩机的出口处产生的热进行回收以加热水，该水被供应至锅炉，其目的在于提高被输送有压缩空气的空气分离装置和锅炉的整体效率(为了减小该锅炉的燃料消耗)。
WO-A-2006/131283描述了一种装置，在该装置中来自于压缩机的空气由烟道气加热，并随后用于在两个分离的交换器中加热水。
DE-C-19837251描述了一种集成有燃气轮机的空气分离装置。
依照惯例，从涡轮提取蒸汽并随后使用该蒸汽对用于锅炉的水进行预热。
本发明能够通过对锅炉给水进行预热而对来自空气压缩机的热回收进行优化。
目前，供给至锅炉的水被送至脱气装置以分离出溶解在水中的氧，通常为了通过水的直接汽提来将氧含量减少至小于10ppb。为了高效率，必须在压力小于20bar、优选小于10bar的情况下进行这种脱气。
当压缩机被用来压缩用于低温空气分离装置的所有空气时，对于绝热压缩机通常必须在6bar abs的压力下并因此在230℃至300℃的温度下生产空气。
因此，理论上可将锅炉给水加热至220℃与295℃之间(考虑到这样的事实：小于5℃的温度差需要可观的附加成本)。
需要解决两个问题。
·第一方面，不得不将水脱气以除去溶解氧，溶解氧主要来源于为了补偿损耗(稀释、抽取蒸汽以及泄漏)而被加入的水。因此，压力必须保持在小于20bar的水平。在这个压力下蒸汽的沸点为约210℃，因此，锅炉水不能被加热至对于效率而言最优的温度(另外，待脱气的水的温度与脱气装置的温度之间通常必须保持10℃的差额，以使脱气装置能够正确运行)。
·第二方面，与空气相比较，用于锅炉的水流量可能太大，以至于不能够进行最优的有效热交换。
例如，在由蒸汽涡轮驱动空气压缩机的情况中，用于锅炉(以及从涡轮冷凝器获得)的水的流量与空气流量之间的关系是每1000Nm3/h的空气对应380kg的水。空气在273℃下离开压缩机，水在45℃下离开冷凝器，而在水被空气加热的交换器中最小温度差为10℃。
在这种情况下，水仅能被加热至224℃，而希望的温度为至少250℃。
根据本发明，使用另一热源以补充从空气压缩机接收的热，以便提高用于锅炉的水的温度。
发明内容
本发明提出一种集成设备，该集成设备包括：空气压缩机；驱动所述空气压缩机的蒸汽涡轮；第一热交换器；用于将水输送至第一热交换器并从该第一热交换器输送至锅炉的机构；用于将来自压缩机的压缩空气输送至第一热交换器的机构；以及空气分离装置，该空气分离装置被供应以在压缩机中被压缩的空气；位于第一交换器下游的用于加热水的加热机构；第二交换器；用于将水从第一交换器输送至加热机构、从该加热机构输送至第二交换器以及从该第二交换器输送至锅炉的机构；和用于将空气从压缩机输送至位于第一交换器上游的第二交换器——在所述压缩机与第二交换器之间不具有预热机构——以及从第二交换器输送至第一交换器的机构。
在这种情况中，来自于压缩机的空气在没有如现有技术那样由烟道气预热的情况下对水进行加热。
任选地：
-所述加热机构由直接接触加热装置构成。
-所述加热装置被供给以来自锅炉的蒸汽。
-所述加热装置还用于分离溶解在水中的气体。
-所述设备包括用于对第一交换器下游和第二交换器上游的水进行加压的机构。
-所述设备包括：位于空气分离装置上游的空气净化装置；如果需要，用于使由空气分离装置产生的液体蒸发的辅助蒸发器；用于将空气从第一交换器输送至空气净化装置的机构；用于将在净化装置中净化的空气输送至空气分离装置的机构；以及用于将水蒸汽从锅炉输送至一加热再生气体的交换器的机构，所述再生气体将被送至净化装置和/或辅助蒸发器和/或空气分离装置的吸收冷却系统。
-所述设备包括：空气净化装置；空气分离装置；如果需要，用于使由空气分离装置产生的液体蒸发的辅助蒸发器；用于将空气从第一交换器输送至空气净化装置的机构；用于将在净化装置中净化的空气输送至空气分离装置的机构；以及用于将水蒸汽从加热机构输送至一加热再生气体的交换器的机构，所述再生气体将被送至净化装置和/或辅助蒸发器和/或空气分离装置的吸收冷却系统。
-所述设备包括：空气净化装置；空气分离装置；如果需要，用于使由空气分离装置产生的液体蒸发的辅助蒸发器；用于将空气从第一交换器输送至空气净化装置的机构；用于将在净化装置中净化的空气输送至空气分离装置的机构；以及用于将水从第一交换器输送至一加热再生气体的交换器的机构，所述再生气体将被送至净化装置和/或辅助蒸发器和/或空气分离装置的吸收冷却系统。
-所述设备包括用于将水蒸汽从锅炉输送至蒸汽涡轮的机构。
-所述设备包括用于使来自于涡轮的蒸汽冷凝和将以这种方式形成的水的至少一部分输送至第一交换器的机构，如果需要该水的一部分被输送至火电站(动力设备，centrale thermique)。
-所述设备包括用于将蒸汽从涡轮输送至一加热再生气体的交换器的机构，所述再生气体被送至空气分离装置的净化装置。
-所述压缩机是绝热压缩机。
-所述压缩机包括位于该压缩机的一级下游的至少一个冷却机构。
-在空气压缩机(31)与空气分离装置(49)之间没有通过任何压缩机机构对空气进行压缩。
本发明还提出一种对用于锅炉的水进行加热的方法，其中，水在第一热交换器中通过与来自压缩机——通过蒸汽涡轮驱动所述压缩机——的空气进行热交换而被加热，在这之后，在该第一交换器中被冷却的空气被输送至空气分离装置，其特征在于，对来自第一交换器的水进行再加热并将其输送至第二交换器(优选地在没有被再加热的情况下)，在第二交换器中所述水与来自压缩机的空气进行热交换，来自于压缩机的该空气在压缩机与第二交换器之间没有被预热，在第二交换器中冷却的空气被输送至第一交换器，在第二交换器中被加热的水被输送至锅炉。
优选地，空气压缩机产生处于第一压力的空气并且该空气在没有在空气压缩机的下游被压缩的情况下、在该第一压力下被输送至空气分离装置。
优选地，将来自于压缩机的所有空气输送至空气分离装置。
附图说明
现在将参考附图更全面地描述本发明。图1和图4示出根据本发明的设备，而图2和图3是该设备的交换器的Q-T曲线图。
具体实施方式
图1中，在45℃下从冷凝器23提取水27并通过泵25将该水27泵压至15bar。通过在第一交换器29内的间接交换而将该被泵压的水加热至第一温度，该第一温度为至少100℃，优选至少130℃，可能至少150℃或者甚至至少170℃，例如在本情况中为175℃。在该第一交换器中，水回收来自空气压缩机31的空气35的热量。压缩机可以是绝热的或者可以在各级之间具有冷却装置。将热水输送至脱气装置3，脱气装置3接收来自于锅炉1的处于14bar下的水蒸汽5。因此，水从其第一温度被加热至196℃并且通过汽提而除去溶解氧。处于196℃下的水7通过泵9被泵压至150bar，产生流11，并被输送至第二交换器13，在第二交换器中该流11与来自空气压缩机31的空气33进行热交换。在经过这两个交换器之后，空气37被输送至图4中示出的空气分离装置。
将处于高压下的水流15输送至锅炉1。来自锅炉1的水蒸汽19被输送至驱动空气压缩机31的蒸汽涡轮17。随后将蒸汽21输送至冷凝器23。
在压缩机31的出口与空气分离装置49的入口之间没有对空气进行压缩。
图2示出在两个交换器13和29中的热交换。这种构型允许良好地利用来自压缩机的热量以及在中压下有效地脱气。
为了优化交换曲线图(使得图表中的线尽可能地接近平行)以获得图3中示出的曲线图，建议将在空气分离装置的蒸汽涡轮17之后被冷凝的水27的一部分输送至火电站的预热系统，而不输送至通过与热空气交换来进行预热的系统。
图4是图1中的方案的图示，更详细地示出空气分离装置。来自于压缩机31的空气37被输送至净化装置41并从该净化装置输送至低温蒸馏空气分离装置49。在一些情况中，来自于分离装置49的液态产品在辅助蒸发器51中蒸发。
所述净化装置通过来自空气分离装置49的氮流43再生。可通过来自锅炉1的水蒸汽和/或通过来自脱气装置3的水蒸汽55和/或锅炉吹扫物来预热该氮流。优选地，来自锅炉1的水蒸汽是待送至脱气装置3的流5的一小部分。
附加地或作为选择，在第一交换器29中被加热至约150℃的水的一部分57可用于加热再生氮43。该水可持续被抽出并贮存在热绝缘的贮存器(未示出)中并在需要时被输送以加热再生氮。
来自脱气装置3的水蒸汽53可用于在辅助蒸发器51中使空气分离装置的低温液体蒸发。
水蒸汽5的和/或水57的和/或水蒸汽45的和/或水蒸汽55的一部分也可用于对空气分离装置49的吸收冷却单元进行加热。
在空气压缩机31与空气分离装置49之间没有通过任何压缩机装置对空气进行压缩，并且来自空气压缩机31的所有空气被输送至空气分离装置49。

Claims (6)

1.一种在集成设备中进行的方法，该集成设备包括空气压缩机（31）、与所述空气压缩机相联接的蒸汽涡轮（17）、空气分离装置（49）、第一热交换器（29）以及第二热交换器（13），其中，所述空气压缩机仅仅联接到所述蒸汽涡轮；在所述方法中，将水输送至所述第一热交换器并从所述第一热交换器输送至锅炉（1）；将压缩空气从所述空气压缩机输送至所述第一热交换器并随后输送至所述空气分离装置（49），所述空气分离装置被供应以在所述空气压缩机中被压缩后的空气；在所述第一热交换器下游在加热装置（3）中加热所述水，其中，将所述水从所述第一热交换器输送至所述加热装置，所述加热装置对水进行加热并且分离出溶解在水中的气体；将所述水从所述加热装置输送至所述第二热交换器以及从所述第二热交换器输送至所述锅炉；在不使空气经过预热装置的情况下将空气从所述空气压缩机直接输送至位于所述第一热交换器上游的所述第二热交换器；以及将空气从所述第二热交换器输送至所述第一热交换器；其中，所述空气压缩机将用于输送到所述空气分离装置的全部空气都压缩至6bar abs压力下和230℃至300℃的温度下；将来自所述锅炉的水蒸汽输送至所述蒸汽涡轮（17），并且使来自所述蒸汽涡轮的蒸汽冷凝并将以这种方式形成的水的至少一部分输送至所述第一热交换器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述加热装置（3）由直接接触加热装置形成。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述加热装置（3）被供应以来自所述锅炉（1）的蒸汽。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，对位于所述第一热交换器下游和所述第二热交换器上游的水进行加压。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述空气压缩机（31）与所述空气分离装置（49）之间没有通过任何压缩机机构对空气进行压缩。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述空气压缩机（31）与所述空气分离装置（49）之间没有通过任何压缩机机构对空气进行压缩。
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