The method of a kind of sea cucumber keep-alive and transportation
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of keep-alive and transportation resources of aquatic products, be specifically related to a kind of sea cucumber keep-alive and transportation resources, belong to aquatic products transportation technology field.
Background technology
Sea cucumber is a kind of sea mollusk in the sea of living in, and according to the history of existing more than 600,000,000 year of the present, sea cucumber is a food with seabed algae and plankton, is widely distributed in each ocean, the world.The littoral kind in China South Sea is more, have 20 approximately surplus kind of sea cucumber can be edible, the same genseng of sea cucumber, bird's nest, shark's fin are equally celebrated for their achievements, are one of the world's eight big treasures.Sea cucumber is not only precious food, it also is famous and precious medicinal material, its edible and medical value is highly significant all, attracted many researchers that it is carried out detailed and deep research, and the transportation problem of the sea cucumber that lives is the important step that sea cucumber produces, comprise the transportation of seedling, beche-de-mer and parent participation etc., suitable transportation resources can effectively improve the efficient and the survival rate of transportation, so the transportation resources of sea cucumber is the problem of the continuous exploratory development of people always.
Because sea cucumber is a kind of mollusk, very easy injured in transportation, jolting of transportation exerts an adverse impact to sea cucumber easily, even it is dirty that it is told, the influence long-distance transport; The factor of the transportation survival rate of influence sea cucumber alive is a lot, such as the quality of the dissolved oxygen amount in the water, transport temperature, water quality, the physique situation of sea cucumber, the factors such as time of transportation, each factor is to connect each other, do not isolate, so in the transportation of sea cucumber of living, should consider comprehensively, coordinate principal element, select suitable transportation resources and traffic condition, improve the conevying efficiency of the sea cucumber that lives.
The method that the sea cucumber that lives is at present transported is divided into open and sealed two kinds, these two kinds of means of transportation are all more extensive, the survival rate of sea cucumber is low, conevying efficiency is not high, and improved cost of transportation greatly, transportation to aquatic products both at home and abroad all has some researchs, and the flat 3-155731 of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open has proposed to preserve the method for fish under anhydrous state; U.S. Patent application US5117777 has proposed living aquatic product cooling dormancy storage and transport method, but its method all has limitation, be not suitable for the live transport of sea cucumber, have positive meaning so the method for a kind of suitable sea cucumber live transport of exploratory development is transported the processing of aquatic products.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of employing ecological ice-temperature waterless keep-alive technology, improve the transportation survival rate of the sea cucumber that lives, reduce the sea cucumber transportation resources of cost of transportation.
In order to address the above problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The method of a kind of sea cucumber keep-alive and transportation comprises the steps:
1) adopt and catch:
(1) adopt when catching and to require to handle with care, reducing stimulates, and avoids extruding and damage;
(2) adopt the person of capturing a prisoner on hand, ship, instrument is contained the container of sea cucumber, cultures the pond, storage pond, holding pond can not contact oil stain;
(3) keep the pure and fresh of the interior water of container;
(4) maintenance low temperature prevents Exposure to Sunlight, and the sea cucumber that catch at foster temporarily sea preferably elder generation allowed sea cucumber regain one's strength in foster at least 2 days temporarily and got rid of the interior ight soil of enteron aisle, selected health then, and body surface does not have wound, does not arrange dirty individuality and transports;
2) cooling
To put into the flat glass jar bucket that seawater is housed about one 1 square through the sea cucumber 50-100 bar of supporting temporarily, to add with the ice cube of plastic sack wrapping sealing then is cooled to about 26 degree, Aeration in the water oxygenation is added according to the time speed with ice, falls warm in one hour;
(1) cooling for the first time: will move to prior sterilization and be equipped with in the cooling bucket of filtering sea through temporarily foster energetic sea cucumber, to fill the fast special aluminium vessel of the heat transfer of ice cube (or put into ice bag that plastic sack be sealed to ice cube) then and put into the cooling bucket that sea cucumber is housed, Aeration in the water oxygenation, be cooled to 25 ~ 26 ℃, keep 20 ~ 60min, add according to the time speed with ice, fell warm in one hour;
(2) cooling for the second time: will transfer in another heat-preserving container that fills seawater (water temperature is 24-26 ℃) half an hour before packing through the sea cucumber of cooling for the first time, lower the temperature 19 ~ 21 ℃ once more, or in former cooling bucket, put into ice bag again and slowly lower the temperature, reduce to 19-21 ℃, blowing aeration 20 ~ 60min; By volume size, an incubator is put 20-30; Or put 20 kilograms of seedlings (by the specification size greatly about 5000 tails-12000 tail);
3) pack: sponge is put in advance 20 ℃ clean water, to soak the sponge of 20 ° of C frozen water then and put into 25 * 40 centimetres poly-bag, put into one in each adhesive tape, the concrete operations special messenger drags for sea cucumber and puts into the incubator cooling from bucket, the special messenger takes sponge and the sea cucumber of empty solid carbon dioxide is put into bag, and head is put into bag earlier;
If carry out the seedling transportation, also can make sponge into sea grass so that preserve moisture;
4) oxygenation: extrude the air that installs in the sea cucumber poly-bag, be full of oxygen fast, tighten sack, packing with elastic tape;
5) vanning: each incubator is two-layer or three layers or four layers, decides 12 bags every layer or 10 bags on sea cucumber size and the interior space of case, decide on space in sack and sea cucumber size and the case, separate with hardboard between two-layer, the centre is supported with cystosepiment, prevent to squeeze broken poly-bag and cause the sea cucumber anoxic, or the compressing sea cucumber, cause death, put into 0.25 kilogram of ice cube or ice chest insulation that installs in advance with sack on the cardboard of upper strata, seal with adhesive tape back having boxing, build case lid, seal and carry out mark, start shipment as early as possible.
This method is fit to different seed ginseng keep-alive transportations, and the north ginseng also claims the Liao Dynasty's ginseng, and its transportation water temperature is 2-18 ℃, and the south ginseng also claims tropical sea cucumber, and its transportation water temperature is 18-22 ℃.
For the high efficiency that guarantees to transport, also should carry out the back work of following aspect:
(1) formulates transport project: according to the distance of kind, size, quantity and the transportation range of sea cucumber etc., determine the packing time, select transportation resources, arrange the vehicles properly; Need be transnational, transhipment, the inspection and quarantine proof and the health certificate (Health Certificate) of the country one belongs to be arranged, also need the import certification (Import Document) of this country, in order to avoid mistake Yan Guan inspection and transhipment in time cause damage;
(2) get means of transport ready: all transport equipment equipment all must be ready to and have the reserve utensil of some in advance, and through check and on probation, in case find careless mistake, in time repair and acquire;
(3) mix up the transportation water: will prepare early the transportation water before transportation, the transportation water to the sea cucumber transport vehicle of living will adopt the system filtration seawater and drop to corresponding transportation coolant-temperature gage with ice bag;
(4) detect water character: before the transportation of sea cucumber seedling, deployed packing water and detect client's pond water quality, ph, salinity will conform to as far as possible, and close sea cucumber is not wanted bait throwing in the previous day in transportation;
(5) carry out personnel's collocation: will carry out the reasonable arrangement of occurrences in human life before the transportation; Comprise the occurrences in human life of packing starting point, transportation management, transhipment, declaration and arrival destination, carry out work such as loading and unloading, transhipment, declaration, linking, accomplish " people arrives to seedling (sea cucumber), and pool seedlings (sea cucumber) such as (ponds) is put ".
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) this law is particularly suitable for transnational air transport, the mutual air transport in China north and south, and remote transportation, survival rate is very high;
(2) this method adopts twice cooling, and the dried up transnational remote fortune of doing of oxygenation has added sponge (sea grass) in addition and preserved moisture then, this method transportation 36 hours, and row's stolen goods, damage is few, the survival rate height.
This method has dried up oxygenation transportation and does two kinds of fortune, is different from general oxygenation water transport or not oxygenation water transport.The oxygenation water transport is to add fry (bag) band oxygenation transportation with incubator.Each bag adds water 1/3rd.Can put 10 seed ginsengs (if seedling, deciding), tighten sack after the oxygenation, put into incubator, add about 0,5 kilogram of ice cube, use the adhesive tape joint sealing on its specification size, transport 4-6 hours out of question, the words of not oxygenation can be transported 3 hours.This cost of transportation is big, and benefit is low.
(1) dried up oxygenation transportation is to adopt temporarily the physical method and the technical matters of supporting, slowly dividing gradient cooling, has set up the best keep-alive techniques technology pattern of dried up keep-alive remote (transnational) transportation, has prolonged the keep-alive time, has improved survival rate.It generally is method with reducing temperature twice, the cooling bucket that will hold sea cucumber is for the first time reduced to 24 ~ 26 ℃, keep 20 ~ 60min, for the second time be that sea cucumber is put into the cooling bucket that fills 23 ~ 25 ℃ of water or barrel puts into ice bag again in former cooling, slowly be cooled to 19-21 ℃, blowing aeration 20 ~ 60min, the vigor of sea cucumber is reduced, then the sea cucumber pack is filled oxygen, the wet sponge (sea grass) of packing in the bag, to keep the humidity of sea cucumber in the long-distance transport process, tighten sack, vanning, ice bag or ice chest are put in the diagonal angle of case, to keep the metastable low temperature of sea cucumber in the long-distance transport process, joint sealing is carried out mark, transports then, adopt this method can effectively improve the survival rate of sea cucumber transportation, reduce cost of transportation.
(2) do fortune, the big or domestic short distance of quantity " is done fortune ".The short distance transportation is put into incubator with sea cucumber and is got final product.Method is to place the moistening sponge of one deck at the container bottom that holds sea cucumber, places the sea grass of some moistening coolings above, to keep the humidity of sea cucumber, carries out the short distance long-distance transport.This method is domestic short distance transportation best method, but general 5 hours keep-alive time is no problem.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the transport courses figure of the sea cucumber that lives;
Fig. 2 is thorn seedling transport courses figure.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and by embodiment the present invention is described in further details, these embodiment only are used for illustrating the present invention, do not limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
The method of a kind of sea cucumber keep-alive and transportation comprises the steps:
(1) formulates transport project: according to the distance of kind, size, quantity and the transportation range of sea cucumber etc., determine the packing time, select transportation resources, arrange the vehicles properly;
(2) get means of transport ready: all transport equipment equipment all must be ready to and have the reserve utensil of some in advance, and through check and on probation, in case find careless mistake, in time repair and acquire;
(3) mix up the transportation water: before the sea cucumber transportation, detect the character of water, guarantee pH, salinity will conform to as far as possible, sea cucumber is not wanted bait throwing in the previous day in transportation, before transportation, to prepare early the transportation water, transportation water to the sea cucumber transport vehicle of living, adopt the system filtration seawater and drop to corresponding transportation coolant-temperature gage: cooling for the first time: will divide the energetic sea cucumber of class to move to disappear in advance poison and be equipped with in the cooling bucket of filtering sea with ice bag, ice cube is put into the fast special aluminium vessel of heat transfer or ice cube is put into plastic sack, seal mouth or tie sack, put it into then in the cooling bucket that sea cucumber is housed, blowing aeration is cooled to 24-26 ℃, keeps 20-60min;
Cooling for the second time: will transfer in another cooling bucket that fills 23-25 ℃ of water or in former cooling barrel, put into ice bag again and slowly lower the temperature through the sea cucumber of cooling for the first time, and reduce to 19-21 ℃, blowing aeration 25-60min;
(4) pack oxygenation
A. adorn sea cucumber: put into foam plastic reservoir or carton in the packaging bag, and put into wet sponge, sea cucumber is packed in the bag;
B. oxygenation is sealed: air is extruded in the packaging bag that will fill sea cucumber, and sufficient oxygen is tightened sack then;
C joint sealing on the rocks: chest is put in the packaging bag that sea cucumber is housed, put into ice bag respectively at the diagonal angle of chest then, build case lid, seal and carry out mark;
(5) carry out personnel's collocation: will carry out the reasonable arrangement of occurrences in human life before the transportation.Comprise the occurrences in human life of packing starting point, transportation management, transhipment, declaration and arrival destination, carry out linking work such as loading and unloading, transhipment, declaration.
Embodiment 2
Dried up oxygenation transportation and dried these two kinds of methods of fortune also are suitable for the mutual air transport in north and south or the remote transportation of perverse ginseng;
1) dried cloud is adopted in perverse seedling transportation.All can transport at 2-18 ℃.Preferably stop before the transportation to expect more than one day, when water temperature is not higher than 18 ℃, suitably lower the temperature with ice bag, reduce to 15-16 ℃, vanning (also available abalone case) then, the seedling 15-20KG that every case specification is 100-200 tail/KG does not wait, about 5000 tail to 12000 tails, decide on its individual size, or seed ginseng 10 tails.The case design is one group for four layers, four layers in every case, every layer four lattice, every lattice can be put about 0.5-1 kilogram of seedling, promptly adorn about seedling 2.0-5KG for every layer, decide on the seedling size, add the sea grass of cooling above the seedling, to keep seedling health moistening in long-distance transport, add ice bag (if temperature at 17--2 ℃, need not add ice bag) to keep temperature in the superiors.Transport more than 8 hours the survival rate height;
2) the dried up oxygenation transportation of perverse ginseng
(1) formulates transport project: according to the distance of kind, size, quantity and the transportation range of perverse ginseng etc., determine the packing time, select transportation resources, arrange the vehicles properly;
(2) get means of transport ready: all transport equipment equipment all must be ready to and have the reserve utensil of some in advance, and through check and on probation, in case find careless mistake, in time repair and acquire;
(3) mix up the transportation water: before the perverse ginseng transportation, detect the character of water, guarantee pH, salinity will conform to as far as possible, sea cucumber is not wanted bait throwing in the previous day in transportation, before transportation, to prepare early the transportation water, transportation water to the sea cucumber transport vehicle of living, adopt the system filtration seawater and drop to corresponding transportation coolant-temperature gage: will divide the energetic sea cucumber of class to move to disappear in advance poison and be equipped with in the cooling bucket of filtering sea with ice bag, ice cube is put into the fast special aluminium vessel of heat transfer or ice cube is put into plastic sack, seal mouth or tie sack, put it into then in the cooling bucket that sea cucumber is housed, blowing aeration directly slowly is cooled to 18-2 ℃; Generally about 15 degree for well;
(4) pack oxygenation
A. adorn sea cucumber: put into foam plastic reservoir or carton in the packaging bag, and put into wet sponge, sea cucumber is packed in the bag;
B. oxygenation is sealed: air is extruded in the packaging bag that will fill sea cucumber, and sufficient oxygen is tightened sack then;
C joint sealing on the rocks: chest is put in the packaging bag that sea cucumber is housed, put into ice bag respectively at the diagonal angle of chest then, build case lid, seal and carry out mark;
(5) carry out personnel's collocation: will carry out the reasonable arrangement of occurrences in human life before the transportation.Comprise the occurrences in human life of packing starting point, transportation management, transhipment, declaration and arrival destination, carry out linking work such as loading and unloading, transhipment, declaration.
This transportation is different from the general used water transport of big ginseng, with water tank layering shipment, machine inflation, just as the fortune seafood.Also add water 1/3rd oxygenations transportations with poly-bag, add transportation resources that ice bag keeps temperature again for well than seed ginseng is general.