CN101781153A - Organic fertilizer for killing underground injurious insect and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Organic fertilizer for killing underground injurious insect and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101781153A CN101781153A CN201010112892A CN201010112892A CN101781153A CN 101781153 A CN101781153 A CN 101781153A CN 201010112892 A CN201010112892 A CN 201010112892A CN 201010112892 A CN201010112892 A CN 201010112892A CN 101781153 A CN101781153 A CN 101781153A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention belongs to organic fertilizer, and in particular relates to organic fertilizer for killing underground injurious insects and a preparation method thereof. The organic fertilizer comprises the following components in part by weight: 1000 parts of tobacco stalk, 25 to 30 parts of dry livestock manure, 5 to 10 parts of urea and 3 to 5 parts of solid high-efficient microorganism zymogeneous bacteria. The preparation method comprises the following steps that: the tobacco stalk is smashed; the livestock manure is dried and dehydrated; the urea is added to be uniformly mixed; the zymogeneous bacteria is inoculated; the moisture and the pH value are adjusted, fermentation stocks are piled up, and black plastic film covers the fermentation stocks, so the fermentation stocks are undertaken the anaerobic fermentation; after the temperature is increased, the stocks are turned for a plurality of times until the materials are fermented and matured and the size is reduced to two thirds of that of the original stocks; and the fermented stocks are naturally ventilated and dried and are bagged to store. The organic fertilizer has the advantages that the fertilizer efficiency is high, the underground injurious insects can be killed, the content of the organic colloid of the soil is increased after the application of the fertilizer, the fertilizer and water maintaining capacity of the soil is improved, the period of validity of the fertilizer is prolonged, and the probiotics in the soil can be compensated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to organic fertilizer, specifically organic fertilizer of a kind of killing underground injurious insect and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Soil is the place that subterranean pest-insect perches, breeds and survives, and the content of the physicochemical character of soil such as the size of soil particle, crumb structure, pH value, organic matter and salt etc. all have a direct impact population composition, regional distribution and the variation of quantity of underground insect.Subterranean pest-insect has been destroyed the edatope of farm crop suitable growths, the food crop root, bite crop stem broken, make crop growth be subjected to severe impairment, output is seriously influenced.Subterranean pest-insect prevents and treats difficulty in agriculture production, at present mainly based on chemical prevention, cultural control is auxilliary.In the time of the chemical prevention killing underground injurious insect, also cause the soil pesticide residue easily, destroyed the growing environment of soil beneficial organism; Particularly serious is makes that pesticide residue work the mischief to human health beyond target in the agricultural-food.
China is a tobacco big country, and tobacco produces area and cigarette output all occupies first place in the world.The by product of tobacco production at present, the utilization of tabacco straw resource does not form industrialization as yet, exists problem with low content of technology, that level of comprehensive utilization is low, added value is low, industrial chain is short, not only causes a large amount of wastings of resources, also causes environmental pollution.The problem of the improper initiation of current disposal tabacco straw is serious, and for example the open incineration tabacco straw causes the wasting of resources, damage soil fertility, atmosphere pollution, influences traffic; The spontaneous fermentation meeting causes the accumulation of soil toxic substance, loss of soil nutrient, disease and pest propagation etc.Tabacco straw resource utilization issue long-term existence can't solve, and becomes a big problem that presses for solution.Therefore make full use of the existing tabacco straw resource of China, invent a kind of killing underground injurious insect effectively, the tabacco straw organic fertilizer that can increase soil fertility again and preparation method thereof is crucial task in the agriculture production.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of tabacco straw organic fertilizer that utilizes the tabacco straw raw material production to have the killing underground injurious insect function;
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of tabacco straw organic fertilizer.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of fertilizer of killing underground injurious insect, form by following materials in part by weight:
1000 parts of tabacco straws;
25~30 parts of dried feces of livestock and poultry;
5~10 parts in urea;
3~5 parts of solid high-efficiency microbial fermentation bacterium.
The preparation method of the fertilizer of killing underground injurious insect is as follows:
(1) with feces of livestock and poultry drying and dehydrating under daylight;
(2) tabacco straw is crushed to 3~5cm segment;
(3) above-mentioned steps (1), (2) gained mixture are put into stirrer, add urea and mix;
(4) to step (3) gained mixture inoculation solid high-efficiency microbial fermentation bacterium, add water and stir; Regulate humidity to 65%~70%; Regulating the pH value is 6.8-7.2;
(5) with the fermentation buttress heap of step (4) product composting height less than 1.5 meters, scabble at the top, the outer cover black plastic film;
(6) banked up 3~4 days after, equitemperature rises to after 50~60 ℃, throws off film, carries out turning with turnover throwing machine; Regulate humidity to 65%~70%; Regulating the pH value is 6.8-7.2;
Equitemperature rises to again after 50~60 ℃ after (7) 3~4 days, and turning once more keeps the skin wet, and regulates humidity;
(8) so repeatedly turning is fermented to becoming thoroughly decomposed fully or volume is decreased to 2/3 of former buttress heap volume until material;
(9) natural draft drying waits fertilizer moisture to drop to 20% when following, and pack stores.
Solid high-efficiency microbial fermentation bacterium preparation method is:
(1) get rot tobacco, corn, wheat stalk, septic pond sludge, the soil that contains dry branches and fallen leaves, feces of livestock and poultry filter out the high-effective microorganism bacterial strain;
(2) step (1) gained high-effective microorganism bacterial strain is put into aseptic triangular flask,, shake up and make high-effective microorganism bacterial strain suspension with the stroke-physiological saline solution washing;
(3) with step (2) gained high-effective microorganism bacterial strain suspension inoculation in culturing bottle, under 28 ℃ of-30 ℃ of conditions, 180-220r/min cultivates and to obtain the bacterial strain seed liquor in 12-48 hour;
(4) get step (3) gained seed liquor, be inoculated into 10% concentration that enlarged culturing obtained fermented liquid in 48 hours in the fermentation flask;
(5) fermented liquid and sterilization wheat bran are dried after 24~72 hours with 1: 1 mixed fermentation, make solid high-efficiency microbial fermentation bacterium.
Main points of the present invention are to utilize tabacco straw inoculation solid high-efficiency microbial fermentation bacterium, and fermentation reactor system production has the organic fertilizer of killing underground injurious insect function.
Not only contain elements such as abundant organic matter and nitrogen phosphorus potassium in the tabacco straw, and contain nitrogenous alkaloid-nicotine of 1%~3%.Nicotine has another name called Nicotine, and alkalescence is colourless to faint yellow transparent oily liquid.Nicotine easily with acidic substance generation nicotine salt material such as humic acid, make it more soluble in water, wherein the LD of nicotine
50=50~70mg/Kg, especially under the hot and humid and acidic conditions in internode membranous part position " infiltration " pest bodies such as easier feeler, foot, belly by subterranean pest-insect, neural system to underground insect has damaging action, shows as symptoms such as insect expiratory dyspnea and vomiting.So tabacco straw is not only good organic fertilizer, main is that the nicotine that contains in the stalk has good insect killing effect to underground insect.
Solid high-efficiency microbial fermentation bacterium of the present invention prepares used rotten tobacco, corn, wheat stalk, is tobacco, corn, the wheat stalk of any kind.The present invention from above-mentioned rotten tobacco, corn, wheat stalk, screens the high-effective microorganism bacterial strain according to known prior art in septic pond sludge, the soil that contains dry branches and fallen leaves, the feces of livestock and poultry.
Tabacco straw is at high-effective microorganism zymophyte effect bottom fermentation, the fermentation back produces a large amount of acidic substance and polyphenol such as humic acid, make pH decreased, cause following result: the first, worsened the living environment of subterranean pest-insect, be unfavorable for growth, the breeding of subterranean pest-insect; The second, the acidic substance such as humic acid of tabacco straw fermentation formation make the nicotine in the tabacco straw dissociate out, dissolve in the soil water; Make nicotine " infiltration " in the subterranean pest-insect body, reach the effect of killing underground injurious insect effectively; Three, tabacco straw is converted into a large amount of easily by the organic matter of crop absorption under the effect of high-effective microorganism zymophyte, improved the crumb structure of soil, help beneficial microorganism growth and breeding in the soil, the soil harmful organism is played the effect of " counteracting each other ", help being built with the ecological environment of soil that is beneficial to crop growth more; Four, in the tabacco straw fermentation fermenting process, temperature reaches 70 ℃~78 ℃ high temperature in the fertilizer heap, can kill ovum, larva, pupa and adult and all pathogenic micro-organisms of insect in the compost.
Organic substance is fully become thoroughly decomposed, reduce nicotine loss during the fermentation in the tabacco straw again, influence the effect of killing underground injurious insect.When harmful pathogenic micro-organism and worm's ovum are killed in the stalk in the rotten fermentation of heap, can replenish nitrogen in right amount, also can replenish phosphorus composition in right amount, produce the fertilizer that has higher fertilizer efficiency and have the killing underground injurious insect effect.
The present invention utilizes tabacco straw as raw material, and the high-effective microorganism zymophyte that inoculation the present invention makes produces the organic fertilizer of killing underground injurious insect, has significant novelty and unique creativeness.Because the tabacco straw raw material that the present invention uses is extensive, fertilizer product of the present invention other crop except that tobacco all can be used, so the present invention has practicality widely.The invention solves tabacco straw simultaneously and destroy plant soil living environment and problem of environmental pollution, solved tobacco grower and tobacco company and thirsted for the reluctant technical problem of tabacco straw that solves for a long time.Use tabacco straw to produce fertilizer, the biological activitys such as breeding and expansion, the physico-chemical property of improving soil and soil urease of nutrition, prolongation fertilizer efficiency, increase and the renewal soil organism, promotion beneficial microbe colony both can be provided for farm crop, can also suppress subterranean pest-insect growth, killing underground injurious insect, this is the advantage that the fertilizer with other plant straw raw material production can't have.
The solid high-efficiency microbial fermentation bacterium raw material that the present invention uses be from Chuzhou City Fengyang County, Anhui, Dingyuan County and Mingguang City, crop materials such as the rotten tobacco of geographic rich cellulose decomposers such as Bengshan District He Xiang village, Bengbu, Nanjing, amylolysis bacterium, protein decomposing bacteria, corn, wheat, the soil that contains dry branches and fallen leaves, feces of livestock and poultry and septic pond sludge etc., steps such as enrichment, primary dcreening operation and multiple sieve filter out the high-effective microorganism bacterial strain, carry out pure culture; And with high-effective microorganism bacterial strain enlarged culturing on corresponding substratum of screening.Above-mentioned raw materials can be chosen according to the principle of suiting measures to local conditions in various places.Solid high-efficiency microbial fermentation bacterium preparation process is as follows:
(1) chooses raw material, filter out the high-effective microorganism bacterial strain;
(2) the high-effective microorganism bacterial strain is put into aseptic triangular flask,, shake up and make high-effective microorganism bacterial strain suspension with the stroke-physiological saline solution washing;
(3) high-effective microorganism bacterial strain suspension inoculation is cultivated in the culturing bottle and is obtained the bacterial strain seed liquor;
(4) get step (3) gained seed liquor, with 10% concentration be inoculated in the fermentation flask enlarged culturing 48 hours fermented liquid;
(5) fermented liquid and sterilization wheat bran are dried after 24~72 hours with 1: 1 mixed fermentation, make solid high-efficiency microbial fermentation bacterium.
Determining of the best usage ratio of solid high-efficiency microbial strains of the present invention:
Determine the best usage ratio of efficient microbial strain by the tabacco straw composting test.The solid high-efficiency microbiobacterial agent is mixed with tabacco straw in varing proportions, not add the contrast that is treated to of composite fungus agent, observing the test of different ratios handles compost heat-up rate, compost top temperature and the influence of high temperature hold-time, 1000 parts of final selected tabacco straws, the solid high-efficiency microbial strains is an optimum proportion for 3 parts.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, utilizes tabacco straw to produce organic fertilizer and have the characteristics of killing underground injurious insect;
2, the high-effective microorganism mix bacterium agent that adds in the tabacco straw production organic fertilizer process of the present invention contains multiple beneficial microorganisms such as actinomycetes, yeast, genus bacillus, milk-acid bacteria, fermentation efficiency height;
3, solve tobacco grower's tabacco straw emission problem;
4, the tankage place to go problem in the solution tobacco company production process;
5, the potassium content of tabacco straw fertilizer is higher, and the similar relatively fertilizer content of organic matter is also high in addition;
6, the tabacco straw fertilizer can increase the fertile water retention capacity of guarantor of soil colloid after using, and prolongs fertilizer efficiency, increases and balance soil microflora, especially replenishes probiotics in the soil;
7, tabacco straw fertilizer composting technology is simple, and the foul smell flavor is less in the composting process, and is less to the surrounding environment pollution, has the characteristics and the significant ecological, environmental protective effect of " the friendly type of environment ";
8, utilize the input cost of tabacco straw production organic fertilizer lower, application effect is better on booth vegetable, cash crop and the Chinese medicinal materials plant of high added value especially.
Embodiment:
The present invention will be further described below by embodiment.
Embodiment one:
Tabacco straw is ground into the segment of 5cm, tabacco straw, the cow dung of getting after the pulverizing just are mixed into principal goods material 1000Kg with stirrer, add auxiliary materials such as solid high-efficiency microorganism mix bacterium agent 3Kg and urea 10Kg, add 300Kg moisture again, make the fermentation buttress heap wide 2.5 meters, that scabble at high 1.2 meters top, the enclosing cover black plastic film carries out mixture spontaneous fermentation.Stir 1 time with turnover throwing machine after 3~4 days, turn over the back composting and become original shape; Keep the skin wet when stirring, keep windrow moisture 65%.Secondary fermentation in 15 days is become thoroughly decomposed, and natural ventilation is air-dry, drop into granulating and forming in the tablets press make can killing underground injurious insect tabacco straw organic fertilizer particle, packing is dispatched from the factory.
Embodiment two:
The preparation of solid high-efficiency microbial fermentation bacterium:
Get respectively 10 kilograms of the tobacco of rotting, corn, wheat stalks, just each 15 kilograms of pond sludge, chicken manures, ordinary method is selected the high-effective microorganism bacterial strain; The high-effective microorganism bacterial strain is put into aseptic triangular flask,, shake up and make high-effective microorganism bacterial strain suspension with the stroke-physiological saline solution washing; In culturing bottle, 28 ℃, 180r/min cultivates and obtained the bacterial strain seed liquor in 24 hours with high-effective microorganism bacterial strain suspension inoculation; Get seed liquor, be inoculated into 10% concentration that enlarged culturing obtained fermented liquid in 48 hours in the fermentation flask; Fermented liquid and sterilization wheat bran are dried after 48 hours with 1: 1 mixed fermentation, make solid high-efficiency microbial fermentation bacterium.
Embodiment three:
Tabacco straw is ground into the segment of 4cm, gets and pulverize the back tabacco straw, just be mixed into the 1000Kg material, add solid high-efficiency complex microbial inoculum 5Kg and urea 5Kg with cow dung; Manufacture craft is identical with embodiment one, the tabacco straw organic fertilizer fertilizer efficiency height of decomposition reactor system, good disinsection effect.
Embodiment four:
Tabacco straw is ground into the segment of 4cm, afterwards tabacco straw, cow dung just are mixed into major ingredient 1000Kg to get pulverizing, adding solid high-efficiency complex microbial inoculum 4Kg and rice husk 20Kg is auxiliary material, fully turn over mixed with turnover throwing machine, and accent water ratio to 66%, make the wide 2.5m of heap, the fermentation heap that high 1.2m scabbles at the top, other manufacture craft is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment five:
Tabacco straw is ground into the segment of 5cm, afterwards tabacco straw, swine excrement are mixed into major ingredient 1000Kg to get pulverizing, adding solid high-efficiency complex microbial inoculum 5Kg and urea 10Kg etc. is auxiliary material, fully turn over mixed with turnover throwing machine, and accent water ratio to 70%, make the wide 2.5m of heap, the fermentation heap that scabble at the top of high 1.2m, other manufacture craft is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment six:
Tabacco straw is ground into the segment of 3.5cm, afterwards tabacco straw, chicken manure just are mixed into major ingredient 1000Kg to get pulverizing, adding solid high-efficiency complex microbial inoculum 4Kg and urea 10Kg etc. is auxiliary material, fully turn over mixed with turnover throwing machine, and accent water ratio to 65%, make the wide 2.5m of heap, the fermentation heap that scabble at the top of high 1.2m, other manufacture craft is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment seven:
Tabacco straw is ground into the segment of 4cm, afterwards tabacco straw, duck ight soil are mixed into major ingredient 1000Kg to get pulverizing again, adding solid high-efficiency complex microbial inoculum 4Kg and urea 5Kg etc. is auxiliary material, fully turn over mixed with turnover throwing machine, and accent water ratio to 70%, make the wide 2.5m of heap, the fermentation heap that scabble at the top of high 1.2m, other manufacture craft is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment eight:
Tabacco straw is ground into the segment of 4.5cm, afterwards tabacco straw, goose ight soil are mixed into major ingredient 1000Kg to get pulverizing, adding solid high-efficiency complex microbial inoculum 4Kg and urea 5Kg etc. is auxiliary material, fully turn over mixed with turnover throwing machine, and transfer about water ratio to 70%, make the wide 2.5m of heap, the fermentation heap that scabble at the top of high 1.2m, other manufacture craft is identical with embodiment one.
The above is the preferred embodiments of the present invention only, is not limited to the present invention, and for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have change and change.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of being done, improvement etc. all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the fertilizer of a killing underground injurious insect, form by following materials in part by weight:
1000 parts of tabacco straws;
25~30 parts of dried feces of livestock and poultry;
5~10 parts in urea;
3 parts of solid high-efficiency microbial fermentation bacterium.
2. the fertilizer of a kind of killing underground injurious insect according to claim 1, the preparation method is as follows:
(1) with feces of livestock and poultry drying and dehydrating under daylight;
(2) tabacco straw is crushed to 3~5cm segment;
(3) above-mentioned steps (1), (2) gained mixture are put into stirrer, add urea and mix;
(4) to step (3) gained mixture inoculation solid high-efficiency microbial fermentation bacterium, add water and stir; Regulate humidity to 65%~70%; Regulating the pH value is 6.8-7.2;
(5) with the fermentation buttress heap of step (4) product composting height less than 1.5 meters, scabble at the top, the outer cover black plastic film;
(6) banked up 3~4 days after, equitemperature rises to after 50~60 ℃, throws off film, carries out turning with turnover throwing machine; Regulate humidity to 65%~70%; Regulating the pH value is 6.8-7.2;
Equitemperature rises to again after 50~60 ℃ after (7) 3~4 days, and turning once more keeps the skin wet, and regulates humidity;
(8) so repeatedly turning is fermented to becoming thoroughly decomposed fully or volume is decreased to 2/3 of former buttress heap volume until material;
(9) natural draft drying waits fertilizer moisture to drop to 20% when following, and pack stores.
3. the fertilizer of a kind of killing underground injurious insect according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: solid high-efficiency microbial fermentation bacterium preparation method is:
(1) get rot tobacco, corn, wheat stalk, septic pond sludge, the soil that contains dry branches and fallen leaves, feces of livestock and poultry filter out the high-effective microorganism bacterial strain;
(2) step (1) gained high-effective microorganism bacterial strain is put into aseptic triangular flask,, shake up and make high-effective microorganism bacterial strain suspension with the stroke-physiological saline solution washing;
(3) with step (2) gained high-effective microorganism bacterial strain suspension inoculation in culturing bottle, under 28 ℃ of-30 ℃ of conditions, 180-220r/min cultivates and to obtain the bacterial strain seed liquor in 12-48 hour;
(4) get step (3) gained seed liquor, be inoculated into 10% concentration that enlarged culturing obtained fermented liquid in 48 hours in the fermentation flask;
(5) fermented liquid and sterilization wheat bran are dried after 24~72 hours with 1: 1 mixed fermentation, make solid high-efficiency microbial fermentation bacterium.
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CN101913956A (en) * | 2010-08-02 | 2010-12-15 | 云南省微生物发酵工程研究中心有限公司 | Biological organic fertilizer with insect expelling function and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20100721 |