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CN1016424B - 烯烃聚合用的催化剂 - Google Patents

烯烃聚合用的催化剂

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Publication number
CN1016424B
CN1016424B CN88109198A CN88109198A CN1016424B CN 1016424 B CN1016424 B CN 1016424B CN 88109198 A CN88109198 A CN 88109198A CN 88109198 A CN88109198 A CN 88109198A CN 1016424 B CN1016424 B CN 1016424B
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catalyzer
contain
gram
polymerization
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CN1034546A (zh
Inventor
恩里科·阿尔比扎蒂
路易吉·马丽亚·雷斯康尼
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Solvay Specialty Polymers Italy SpA
Montedison SpA
Himont Inc
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Montedison SpA
Ausimont SpA
Himont Inc
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    • C08F4/00Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/659Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
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    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/659Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
    • C08F4/65916Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond supported on a carrier, e.g. silica, MgCl2, polymer

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Abstract

烯烃聚合用的催化剂,由a)与b)反应得到,
a)含有至少一个金属——卤键的过渡金属化合物,该化合物载在一活化卤化镁上,
b)含有至少一个金属——碳键的钛、锆或铪的化合物。

Description

本发明涉及用于烯烃聚合的催化剂,以及它们在分子式为
的烯烃聚合中的应用。式中R是氢,或是1-8个碳原子的烷基,或芳基。
载在活化卤化镁上的过渡金属化合物与周期表Ⅰ到Ⅲ族的有机金属化合物反应而获得的齐格勒/纳塔催化体系进行烯烃聚合是人们所已知的现有技术。
同样,如美国专利4,408,019所公开的催化体系也是已知的。该催化体系是用TiCl3形成,并含有诸如R2TiCp2一样的化合物作为共催化剂,以获得乙烯/丙烯嵌段共聚物。
在技术刊物(K.Saga,Makromol.Chem.Rapid    Commun.8    273-276)中,对用于丙烯聚合的催化剂作了进一步的描述,它含有载在卤化镁上作为固体催化组分的卤化钛,和作为共催化剂的钛-烷基化合物,其分子式为
(其中R=H,Me;Me=甲基;Cp=环戊=烯基),或Tebbe的混合物,其分子式为
然而,以上描述的催化剂不具备高活性。
现在,本申请人意外地发现有可能获得烯烃(共)聚合的高活性催化体系,它们含有作为共催化剂的Ti、Zr、Hf化合物,该化合物含有至少一个金属-碳键,和特别是如下分子式的化合物:
其中:
M=Ti,Zr;
R=-CH3,-CH2SiR′3,-CH2-CR′3,-CH2-芳基,-CH2-CH=CH2,其中R′=含有1-10个碳原子的线性或支化的烷基;
X=卤素,-OR,-NR2,Cp,其中
Cp=C5R″s,茚基,其中
R″=H,含有1-6个碳原子的烷基;
n=1-3中的一个数。
如果作为固体催化组分使用,它是通过将过渡金属化合物,还可能和给电子化合物,载到一种活化卤化镁上来获得的产物。该催化组分的孔隙度至少为0.2毫升/克。
作为过渡金属化合物,用含有至少一种金属-卤键的Ti、Zr和V的化合物。
这些化合物的例子为Ti、Zr和V的卤化物,优先选择的化合物为TiCl3,TiCl4,Ti卤-醇盐,VCl3,VOCl3
优先选择的有机金属化合物为Zr化合物,其分子式为:
ZrRnX4-n,其中,R、X和n的含义同上所述。
正如以上所述,固体催化组分除了含有过渡金属化合物,也可以含有至少1个氮、氧、硫或磷原子的给电子化合物。活性卤化镁用X射线衍射光谱表征,出现在相应的非活性状态卤化物(表面积约为1米2/克)的光谱中的最强谱线被一晕圈取代,晕圈的最大强度相对于所述谱线的平面距离移动。催化组分的例子公布于法国专利 2,332,288和2,361,423,美国专利4,156,063、4,107,413、4,107,414、4,187,196、4,336,360,以及欧洲专利申请45,975、45,976和45,977中。
催化组分的孔隙度(用BET法测定)最好高于0.3毫升/克,一般在0.3至0.9毫升/克范围内。
给电子化合物特别选自含氧酸的酯,酰基卤、酮、醛、醇、醚、硫醚、酰胺、内酯、膦、磷酰胺、硅化合物如烷氧基硅烷。
在酯类中,特别适合的是单羧基或多羧基芳香酸烷酯,具体是苯甲酸烷基酯、茴香酸烷基酯、甲苯甲酸烷基酯和苯二甲酸烷酯。
本申请人也已发现本发明催化剂的特点是:在丙烯和类似的α-烯烃聚合的情况下,可获得具有高的全同规整度指数的聚合物,也不需要作为共催化剂用的化合物。这催化剂是用作共催化剂的给电子化合物改性的。在这种情况下,只有此给电子化合物是那些含在固体催化组分中的化合物。
可用作共催化剂的Ti、Zr和Hf化合物的例子是:
Ti(CH2C6H54、Ti(CH2C6H4-pCH34
TiCl2(CH2C6H52、Ti〔CH2C(CH32C6H54
Ti(CH34、Ti〔CH2C(CH3)〕4、Ti〔CH2Si(CH334
Ti(CH2CH=CH24、Ti(C5H52、Ti(C9H72(CH32
Zr(CH2C6H54、Zr(CH2C6H4-pCH34
ZrCl(CH2C6H53、ZrCl2(CH2C6H52
Zr〔CH2C(CH32C6H54、Zr(C5H52(CH32
Hf(CH2C6H54、Hf〔(CH32(C6H5)〕4
Ti、Zr或Hf金属有机化合物与载在卤化镁上的过渡金属化合物的摩尔比一般在1-1000范围之内,最好是高于50。
本发明的催化剂具体用于分子式为
CH2=CHR
的单体的聚合,式中R是氢,或(C1-C8)-烷基,或芳基,特别是乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯和苯乙烯,以及这些单体与其它单体和/或与二烯的混合物,特别是乙烯-丙烯与非共轭二烯的混合物。
按已知的方法,聚合过程在液相中在有或无惰性烃溶液中或在气相中进行。
举下面例子的目的是说明本发明而不是限制本发明。
实例
丙烯聚合
在一个容积为2升的不锈钢高压釜中,在40℃下随着丙烯流加入适量的固体催化组分,该组分是悬浮在含有过渡金属化合物MRnXn-4的700毫升正庚烷中。高压釜是密封的,引入表压为0.2大气压的氢气。总压随着丙烯增至7大气压,温度增至60℃,随着单体连续供应,聚合过程进行2小时。
用于聚合过程中的固体催化物用量,MRnXn-4化合物的类型和用量,以及聚合试验的结果见表1。
用在该实验系列的催化物按下述方法准备。
实例1-3
将86.8克的无水二氯化镁和19.3克的苯甲酸乙酯,在SHEBTECHNIK的VIBRATOM型振动磨中在氮气氛下共磨60小时,振动磨的总容量为1000立方厘米,含有3.485公斤的直径为15.8毫米的不锈钢球。
25克的共磨物与210立方厘米的TiCl4在80℃下搅拌反应2小时,然后多余的TiCl4在80℃下被过滤掉。将该处理过程再重复一遍。
过滤板用65℃的正己烷清洗五遍,每遍用200毫升正己烷。
获得的固体在真空中干燥。
钛和苯甲酸乙酯含量,制得的固体催化物的表面积和孔隙度见表1。
实例4
在1000毫升的烧瓶里,将229毫升TiCl4与2.42毫升的苯甲酸乙酯在15℃下反应10分钟。然后在相同温度下,用50分钟滴入一种悬浮液,这种悬浮液是在25毫升正庚烷中含有18克MgCl2·3C2H5OH,其微粒的平均直径为50微米。
滴加完毕后,温度升至100℃,反应可在2小时内完成,反应混合物在反应温度下加到多孔隔板上过滤,并加入100毫升纯TiCl4,这个反应在120℃下再进行2小时,将反应混合物过滤。过滤板用正庚烷在80℃下清洗,直至滤液不含有氯化物离子。
乙烯聚合
在60℃真空状态下,将悬浮在1000毫升含有过渡金属化合物MRnXn-4的正庚烷中的固体催化物加入一个2升的不锈钢高压釜中。
高压釜是密封的,引入5个大气压氢气,然后总压力随乙烯增至15大气压,温度增至70℃,随着单体连续供给,聚合反应进行2 小时。
固体催化组分的用量,MRnX4-n化合物的类型和用量,以及聚合试验的结果见表2。
用于乙烯聚合的催化组分按下述方法准备。
例5-7
将229毫升TiCl4装入一个1000毫升的烧瓶中,并将温度降至15℃,在相同温度下,用50分钟时间将一种悬浮液滴入,这种悬浮液是25毫升正庚烷含有18克MgCl2·3C2H5OH,其微粒平均直径为50微米。
滴入完毕后,温度升至100℃,反应可在2小时内完成,反应混合物在反应温度下加到多孔隔板上过滤,并加入100毫升的纯TiCl4,这个反应在120℃下再进行2小时,将反应混合物过滤,过滤板用正庚烷在80℃下清洗,直至滤液不含有氯化物离子。
对比实例
本对比例用的固体催化组分是这样获得的,在含有2.5公斤直径为16毫米的不锈钢珠和容积为1升的振动磨机中,将60克TiCl4与无水MgCl2(其比例为使之含有重量为2%的钛)的混合物研磨24小时。
乙烯/丙烯聚合
在容积为2升的不锈钢高压釜中,装入600克乙烯和丙烯,温度为20℃,总压升至13.3大气压,搅拌15分钟后,在氩压下通过一个钢注射器加入一种悬浮液,悬浮液中含有按实例5-7准备的50毫克催化组分,与在30毫升甲苯中的600毫克Zr(CH2C6H54。聚合反应进行1小时,然后将没有反应的丙 烯除掉,分离出125克聚合物,这相当于2500克聚合物/催化物的产率,聚合物性能为
结晶度Rx=3%;
丙烯含量=40.4%(重量);
η=6.2dl/g。
Figure 88109198_IMG1
Figure 88109198_IMG2

Claims (5)

1、烯烃(共)聚合的催化剂,含有如下a)与b)的反应产物:
a)具有孔隙度至少为0.2毫升/克的固体催化剂组分,该催化剂组分含有至少一个金属-卤键的Ti、V或Zr的化合物,还可能含有一个给电子化合物,载在活性无水卤化镁上;
b)Hf、Ti或Zr化合物,它含有至少一个金属-碳键,具体分子式为
式中:
M=Ti,Zr,Hf;
R=-CH3,-CH2-SiR 3,-CH-CR 3,-CH-芳基,-CH2-CH=CH2
其中R′=含有1-10个碳原子的线型或支化的烷基;
X=卤素,-OR,-NR2
n=1-4中的一个数。
2、根据权利要求1的催化剂,其中成分(b)是从
Zr(CH2C6H54,Zr(CH2C6H4-pCH34;
ZrCl(CH2C6H53,ZrCl2(CH2C6H52
Zr[CH2C(CH32C6H5]4中选出的一个锆化合物。
3、根据权利要求1的催化剂,其中固体催化剂组分的孔隙度在0.3至0.9毫升/克的范围内。
4、根据权利要求1的催化剂,其中载在卤化镁上的过渡金属化合物是卤化钛。
5、根据权利要求1的催化剂,其中固体催化剂组分包含一个选自芳香酸酯类的给电子化合物。
CN88109198A 1987-11-27 1988-11-26 烯烃聚合用的催化剂 Expired CN1016424B (zh)

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JP2957186B2 (ja) 1999-10-04
IT8741013A0 (it) 1987-11-27
CN1034546A (zh) 1989-08-09
US5082817A (en) 1992-01-21
BR8806245A (pt) 1989-08-15
EP0318048B1 (en) 1994-06-01
EP0318048A2 (en) 1989-05-31
DE3889866T2 (de) 1994-11-10
JPH01266108A (ja) 1989-10-24
NO885282L (no) 1989-05-29
RU1811420C (ru) 1993-04-23
FI885463A0 (fi) 1988-11-24
KR890008177A (ko) 1989-07-10
FI885463A (fi) 1989-05-28
NO885282D0 (no) 1988-11-25
AU612730B2 (en) 1991-07-18
DK660288D0 (da) 1988-11-25
EP0318048A3 (en) 1991-03-27
DE3889866D1 (de) 1994-07-07
DK660288A (da) 1989-05-28
ZA888863B (en) 1989-08-30
AU2595588A (en) 1989-06-01
IT1221654B (it) 1990-07-12

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