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CN101617120A - 风轮机的增强叶片轴承 - Google Patents

风轮机的增强叶片轴承 Download PDF

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CN101617120A
CN101617120A CN200780042220A CN200780042220A CN101617120A CN 101617120 A CN101617120 A CN 101617120A CN 200780042220 A CN200780042220 A CN 200780042220A CN 200780042220 A CN200780042220 A CN 200780042220A CN 101617120 A CN101617120 A CN 101617120A
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blade
wind turbine
mounting structure
outer shroud
bearing
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CN101617120B (zh
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U·斯特芬森
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Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Innovation and Technology SL
Gamesa Eolica SA
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06Rotors
    • F03D1/065Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0658Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C35/00Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers
    • F16C35/04Rigid support of bearing units; Housings, e.g. caps, covers in the case of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C35/06Mounting or dismounting of ball or roller bearings; Fixing them onto shaft or in housing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/50Bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/14Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/18Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2300/00Application independent of particular apparatuses
    • F16C2300/10Application independent of particular apparatuses related to size
    • F16C2300/14Large applications, e.g. bearings having an inner diameter exceeding 500 mm
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/31Wind motors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

用于风力发电机叶片的增强轴承属于用于将叶片安装在风力发电机轮毂(5)上的结构,该结构包括每个叶片根部(13)和对应的轮毂连接(15)之间的轴承(11),轴承(11)具有内环(25)和外环(23),外环(23)具有附着到外环(23)的至少一部分上的加强板(33),优选地,加强板(33)处于叶片轴的垂直平面中,并且附着在与连接到轮毂连接(15)的侧面(37)相对的侧面(29)上。

Description

风轮机的增强叶片轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及风轮机,尤其涉及叶片在风轮机轮毂上的安装结构。
背景技术
在已知的技术中,叶片在风轮机轮毂上的安装结构一般基于用于传送所涉及的轴向力和弯矩的球轴承或滚动轴承。
所述轴向力和弯矩取决于许多因素,尤其取决于叶片的特征和尺寸、风速以及用于调节叶片桨距的桨距系统。
US 6,799,947 B2公开了一种用于具有轴式桨距系统的风轮机的可调节转子叶片的轴承,该轴承包括一个合作轴承部件的轴承座圈,该轴承座圈以正锁定关系接收径向相互移位的两排滚动体,以及另一个合作轴承部件的轴承座圈,该轴承座圈以U形截面包围它们,其中形成所述另一个合作轴承部件的转子叶片的轴承座圈包括两个不同直径的环,这两个环相互独立地固定到转子叶片。该结构一方面提供了实际上三座圈滚动轴承,其中固定到另一合作轴承部件的中央座圈在出现弯矩(和轴向力)时从两个外座圈(或者包围轴承座圈的座圈部分)接收大约相互垂直延伸从而自动呈现对称的方向上的压力,因此该压力分别保持在轴承座圈象限的中央区域中,而另一方面,来自转子叶片的力同时施加到两个外座圈(或者座圈部分),并且因此对座架和转子叶片根部提供较均匀的负荷。
在具有例如EP 1,126,163 A1中公开的系统的基于线性执行机构的桨距控制系统的风轮机中,叶片轴承一般是如该文献的图1中具体示出的单或双座圈轴承。这些轴承的外环可具有大的变形量从而具有不良的负荷分布。本发明意图解决该缺点。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于风轮机的增强叶片轴承。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种用于改进两个轴承座圈上的负荷分布的风轮机叶片轴承。
通过提供一种叶片在风轮机的轮毂上的安装结构来满足本发明的这些和其它目的,该安装结构包括在每个叶片根部和对应的轮毂连接之间的轴承,该轴承具有外环、内环以及在与连接到轮毂连接的侧面相对的侧面上附着到外环的至少一部分上的加强板。
优选地,加强板处于叶片轴的垂直平面中。
优选地,加强板沿着朝向风的半外环附着到该外环。
本发明的一个优点是所述加强板通过平衡两个座圈的上表面和下表面的硬度来改进这两个座圈上的负荷分布。
从以下结合附图对本发明的说明性而绝非限制性的实施例的详细描述,将理解本发明的其它特征和优点。
附图说明
图1是在根据本发明的叶片在风轮机的轮毂上的安装结构中使用的增强轴承的截面侧视图。
图2是在根据本发明的增强轴承中使用的加强板的平面图。
图3是根据本发明的叶片在风轮机的轮毂上的安装结构的立体图。
图4b和图4a分别示出在具有和不具有根据本发明的加强板的轴承中力的分布。
具体实施方式
在具有对每个叶片使用线性执行机构的桨距控制系统的风轮机中,叶片在轮毂5上的已知安装结构在每个叶片根部13和对应的轮毂连接15之间使用轴承11,轴承11包括连接到轮毂连接15的外环23、内环25以及上排和下排滚动体27、28,内环25具有厚度为T2和T3的增强板30、31,用于使其形变量最小化。
根据本发明,厚度为T1的加强板33在与连接到轮毂连接15的下表面37相对的上表面29上附着到外环23。在上表面29中,轴承11在张力下工作,并且外环23趋向于具有大的形变量,从而具有不良的负荷分布。
在本发明的优选实施例中,处于叶片轴的垂直平面中的加强板33增强了外环23的上表面29,并且通过平衡两个轴承座圈27、28的上表面和下表面的硬度来改进这两个轴承座圈之间的负荷分布。
本发明可应用于滚动轴承和球轴承二者。
加强板33可以沿着外环23的整个周边或者沿着其一部分附着到外环23。在任一情况下,宽度W较大的部分应该是位于外环23的朝向风的一侧上的部分(图3中的箭头39)。
在优选实施例中,如图2和图3中所示,加强板33位于轮毂连接15的朝向风的一侧中(图3中的箭头39)。该侧中出现张力(轴承上的襟翼力矩在轮毂的风侧产生张力,在轮毂的机舱侧产生压力)。加强板33以接近180°的扇形附着到外环23。
加强板33的宽度沿其长度方向关于所支持的张力成比例地变化。在优选实施例中,如图2中所示,加强板33沿着平行于转子轴的假想外环(23)直径轴具有其最大宽度值Wmax,并且其宽度W向所述直径轴的两侧对称减小。
在优选实施例中,特别从构造的观点来看,加强板33沿着外环23的整个周边附着到外环23。
在优选实施例中,加强板33包括多个孔49以便于用螺钉或类似的器件将其附着到外环23的上表面29。
在优选实施例中,加强板由钢制成,并且其尺寸被设计为使形变量最小并改进轴承中的负荷分布。
在图4b和图4a中所包括的曲线图(x轴为角度A,y轴为负荷L)中示出了具有和不具有加强板的情况下的负荷分布:上排27中的张力64,上排27中的压力61,下排28中的张力65,下排28中的压力63。
尽管已经结合优选实施例充分描述了本发明,但是显而易见,在本发明的范围内可以引入各种修改,不应该将这些实施例看作是对本发明范围的限制,本发明范围由所附权利要求的内容限制。

Claims (10)

1.叶片在风轮机轮毂(5)上的安装结构,该安装结构包括每个叶片根部(13)和对应的轮毂连接(15)之间的轴承(11),轴承(11)具有外环(23)和内环(25),其特征在于:所述安装结构还包括在与连接到轮毂连接(15)的侧面(37)相对的侧面(29)上附着在外环(23)的至少一部分上的加强板(33)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的叶片在风轮机轮毂(5)上的安装结构,其特征在于:所述加强板(33)处于叶片轴的垂直平面中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的叶片在风轮机轮毂(5)上的安装结构,其特征在于:所述加强板(33)沿着朝向风的半外环(23)周边附着到外环(23)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的叶片在风轮机轮毂(5)上的安装结构,其特征在于:所述加强板(33)的宽度W沿其长度方向可变。
5.根据权利要求4所述的叶片在风轮机轮毂(5)上的安装结构,其特征在于:所述加强板(33)沿着平行于转子轴的假想外环(23)直径轴具有最大宽度值Wmax,并且宽度W向所述直径轴的两侧对称减小。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的叶片在风轮机轮毂(5)上的安装结构,其特征在于:所述加强板(33)沿着外环(23)的整个周边附着到外环(23)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的叶片在风轮机轮毂(5)上的安装结构,其特征在于:所述加强板(33)的宽度(W)较大的部分是位于朝向风的半外环(23)上的部分。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项权利要求所述的叶片在风轮机轮毂(5)上的安装结构,其特征在于:所述加强板(33)包括用于将其附着到外环(23)的多个螺钉孔(49)。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项权利要求所述的叶片在风轮机轮毂(5)上的安装结构,其特征在于:每个叶片根部(13)和对应的轮毂连接(15)之间的轴承(11)是滚动轴承。
10.根据权利要求1-8中任一项权利要求所述的叶片在风轮机轮毂(5)上的安装结构,其特征在于:每个叶片根部(13)和对应的轮毂连接(15)之间的轴承(11)是球轴承。
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ES200602873 2006-11-13
ESES200602873 2006-11-13
ES200602873A ES2301395B1 (es) 2006-11-13 2006-11-13 Rodamiento reforzado de una pala de un aerogenerador.
PCT/ES2007/000648 WO2008059089A1 (es) 2006-11-13 2007-11-13 Rodamiento reforzado de una pala de un aerogenerador

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CN102808726A (zh) * 2011-05-31 2012-12-05 通用电气公司 用于组装具有桨距组件的风力涡轮机的系统和方法
CN103370535A (zh) * 2011-02-18 2013-10-23 三菱重工业株式会社 风车叶片用的翼根形成片以及使用了该翼根形成片的风车叶片的翼根结构、风车叶片、风车及风车叶片的制造方法
CN103764497A (zh) * 2011-08-25 2014-04-30 Imo控股有限责任公司 风力发电设备的轮毂
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CN104533728A (zh) * 2014-12-16 2015-04-22 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 发电机组的变桨轴承的加强装置及叶轮结构
CN109469593A (zh) * 2017-09-07 2019-03-15 西门子歌美飒可再生能源公司 风力涡轮机
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DE10011464C1 (de) * 2000-03-10 2001-08-16 Aloys Wobben Lagerung eines verstellbaren Rotorblatts einer Windenergieanlage
DE102004023773B3 (de) * 2004-05-11 2005-11-17 Repower Systems Ag Windenergieanlage
WO2007003866A1 (en) * 2005-07-05 2007-01-11 Vestas Wind Systems A/S A wind turbine pitch bearing, and use hereof
CN101294541A (zh) * 2007-04-29 2008-10-29 江苏苏亚机电制造有限公司 风力发电机组桨距调节机构

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CN101403367B (zh) * 2007-10-01 2013-02-13 西门子公司 用于风力涡轮机转子叶片的桨叶轴承
US8322928B2 (en) 2007-10-01 2012-12-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Pitch bearing for wind turbine rotor blades
CN103370535A (zh) * 2011-02-18 2013-10-23 三菱重工业株式会社 风车叶片用的翼根形成片以及使用了该翼根形成片的风车叶片的翼根结构、风车叶片、风车及风车叶片的制造方法
CN103370535B (zh) * 2011-02-18 2015-12-09 三菱重工业株式会社 风车叶片用的翼根形成片以及使用了该翼根形成片的风车叶片的翼根结构、风车叶片、风车及风车叶片的制造方法
CN102808726A (zh) * 2011-05-31 2012-12-05 通用电气公司 用于组装具有桨距组件的风力涡轮机的系统和方法
CN103764497B (zh) * 2011-08-25 2017-09-15 Imo控股有限责任公司 风力发电设备的轮毂
CN103764497A (zh) * 2011-08-25 2014-04-30 Imo控股有限责任公司 风力发电设备的轮毂
CN104066975A (zh) * 2012-01-20 2014-09-24 维斯塔斯风力系统有限公司 带有具有非均一刚度的支撑结构的叶片轴承及其制造方法
CN104533728A (zh) * 2014-12-16 2015-04-22 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 发电机组的变桨轴承的加强装置及叶轮结构
CN110177932A (zh) * 2017-01-19 2019-08-27 西门子歌美飒可再生能源公司 叶片安装装置
CN110177932B (zh) * 2017-01-19 2021-06-29 西门子歌美飒可再生能源公司 叶片安装装置
CN109469593A (zh) * 2017-09-07 2019-03-15 西门子歌美飒可再生能源公司 风力涡轮机
US10900470B2 (en) 2017-09-07 2021-01-26 Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S Wind turbine

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US20090311104A1 (en) 2009-12-17
WO2008059089A1 (es) 2008-05-22

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