CN101146675B - 包含防粘连层的聚合物中间层 - Google Patents
包含防粘连层的聚合物中间层 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于用于多层玻璃板的聚合物中间层领域,具体地,本发明属于聚合物中间层用防粘连剂以及在中间层中有效掺入这种试剂的方法的领域。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及用于多层玻璃板的聚合物中间层领域,特别是本发明涉及用于聚合物中间层的防粘连剂领域,以及在中间层中有效掺入这种试剂的方法的领域。
背景技术
聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)常用于可用作诸如安全玻璃或聚合物层压板的透光层压板中中间层的聚合物片材的制造。安全玻璃一般指包含布置在两块玻璃板之间的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛片材的透明层压板。安全玻璃常用于在建筑和汽车开孔中提供透明的壁障。其主要作用是吸收诸如由来自物体的冲击产生的能量,使物体不能穿过该开孔。
聚乙烯醇缩丁醛一般通过例如挤出工艺制备。挤出形成了连续的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛片材。一般将该片材卷起,以备储存和运输。该片材也可切割和堆积,以备储存和运输。
聚乙烯醇缩丁醛片材,无论是卷形式还是堆积形式,都很容易在层压加工前或期间可能遇到的温度下自身粘结或“粘连”。这种粘连一般是不希望的,会导致制造成本增加。
增强聚乙烯醇缩丁醛片材的防粘连性能的一般尝试包括用机械方法使片材表面变粗糙(例如压花)、在片材相互接触的表面上施加诸如碳酸氢钠的粉末,以及化学处理聚乙烯醇缩丁醛片材表面等。然而这些表面处理往往会产生不希望的操作或粘合性能,而且实施起来往往很难和/或很昂贵。
在其他传统的防粘连方法中,聚乙烯醇缩丁醛片材间可插入诸如聚乙烯的另一种片材,或在例如约5℃至约15℃的温度下冷藏储存和运输。然而对于某些聚乙烯醇缩丁醛片材组成,例如增塑剂含量较高的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛片材,这些防粘连技术可能得不到理想的结果。
另一种防粘连技术要求在聚乙烯醇缩丁醛中直接掺入防粘连材料。然而在聚乙烯醇缩丁醛中掺入这种材料会给所得层压板的光学性能或最终聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的粘合性能带来负面影响。
因此,需要进一步改进的组成和方法来增强聚合物片材,特别是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛片材的防粘连性能,同时不会给最终玻璃层压板的光学透明度或所得聚乙烯醇缩丁醛片材对玻璃的粘合性能带来负面影响。
发明概述
现已根据本发明吃惊地发现,在传统聚合物片材上使用额外的防粘连聚合物片材或在聚合物片材中形成防粘连区,可制备不具有采用大量分布在整个聚合物片材中的防粘连剂时常见的不理想特征的防粘连中间层。
本发明包括中间层,该中间层包含:含有第一聚合物片材的聚合物叠层(polymer stack),其中所述第一聚合物片材基本上不含防粘连剂;和与所述聚合物叠层接触布置的第二聚合物片材,其中所述第二聚合物片材含有防粘连剂并具有小于0.4mm的厚度。
本发明包括中间层,该中间层包含:聚合物片材,其中所述聚合物片材包含防粘连区和非防粘连区,其中所述防粘连区含有防粘连剂并具有小于0.4mm的厚度,而所述非防粘连区基本不含防粘连剂。
本发明包括聚合物片材的制备方法,包括:共挤出第一熔体和第二熔体以形成所述聚合物片材,其中所述聚合物片材包含由所述第一熔体形成的防粘连区和由所述第二熔体形成的非防粘连区,其中所述防粘连区具有小于0.4mm的厚度,其中所述第一熔体含有防粘连剂,且其中所述第二熔体基本上不含防粘连剂。
本发明包括中间层的制备方法,包括:提供聚合物叠层,其中所述聚合物叠层包含第一聚合物片材,其中所述第一聚合物片材基本上不含防粘连剂;使第二聚合物片材与所述聚合物叠层接触布置,其中所述第二聚合物片材包含防粘连剂并具有小于0.4mm的厚度;以及层压所述聚合物叠层和所述第二聚合物片材形成中间层。
附图简述
图1表示具有防粘连层的本发明一个实施方案的剖面示意图。
图2表示具有两个防粘连层的本发明一个实施方案的剖面示意图。
图3表示具有防粘连区的本发明一个实施方案的剖面示意图。
详细描述
本发明涉及可用于诸如建筑应用和汽车风挡玻璃应用的多层层压玻璃结构的中间层。本发明的中间层结合有较薄的防粘连聚合物片材,或在某些实施方案中是聚合物片材内的防粘连区,从而给中间层提供防粘连特性而无需在整个中间层中加入防粘连剂。
如图1所示,本发明的不同实施方案包括包含与第二聚合物片材16接触布置的第一聚合物片材14的聚合物叠层18,以形成中间层10。正如下文将详细描述的,聚合物片材可包含任何合适的聚合材料,例如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。此处所用“聚合物叠层”是指一层或更多层聚合材料,和非必需的其他层,它们相互接触布置形成叠层,其中至少一层是聚合物片材。聚合物叠层可以是图1所示的单一聚合物片材,或在其它实施方案中,聚合物叠层可包含两层或更多层聚合物片材和聚合物膜(本文另外进行描述),以及其他类型的层。
第二聚合物片材16包含一种或多种防粘连剂,并在不同实施方案中具有小于0.4mm、0.3mm或0.25mm的厚度。第一聚合物片材14可以是任何合适的厚度,从而与聚合物叠层18的其他层(如果有的话)结合,形成具有期望厚度的中间层10。中间层总厚度可以是例如约1.5mm。第一聚合物片材14可不含例如防粘连剂,或可基本不含防粘连剂。在不同实施方案中,第一聚合物片材具有少于10%、少于5%或少于1%的第二聚合物片材的防粘连剂,以重量对重量基础计。
在图1所示构造中,本发明的中间层提供了允许防粘连剂集中在中间层外表面上,而不是传统的防粘连剂分布在整个中间层中的结构。例如,单一聚合物片材中间层通常可具有分布在整个片材中的防粘连剂。然而,由于只有片材外表面上的防粘连剂会影响片材的防粘连特性,所以分布在整个单一聚合物片材中间层内部的防粘连剂不会增加片材的防粘连特性,反而往往会降低片材的光学透明度和性能。通过将防粘连剂限定在布置于聚合物叠层外侧的较薄的层中,可使产生的防粘连效果最大化,而不对光学性能带来有害影响。
本领域普通技术人员将会看到,图1所示构造可用于提供防粘连好处,因为可形成中间层堆或卷,从而总是将第二聚合物片材16与聚合物叠层18的暴露表面接触放置。然而,在不同实施方案中,希望进一步的防粘连保护。如图2所示,本发明的不同实施方案利用与聚合物叠层18接触布置的第三聚合物片材20,同样为简化起见,图中所示聚合物叠层18仅包含单一聚合物片材14。然而,如上所述,聚合物叠层18可包含多个聚合物层和/或其他层。在这些实施方案中,第三聚合物片材20可与第二聚合物片材16相同,或可以不同。第三聚合物片材20可具有与如上所述的第二聚合物片材16相同的组成和厚度范围。
尽管以上任何实施方案中的聚合物叠层18可不含或基本不含防粘连剂,但是在不同实施方案中,聚合物叠层18中的任何聚合物片材层都可包含浓度低于第二或第三聚合物片材16、20中的浓度的有意加入的防粘连剂。除在聚合物叠层18内的一个或更多个聚合物片材中有意加入防粘连剂外,预期在中间层层压后,某些防粘连剂能从第二或第三聚合物片材16、20迁移到聚合物叠层18中的第一聚合物片材14和/或任何其他聚合物片材中。这样通常会导致在聚合物叠层18中存在不确定数量的防粘连剂。
对于上述实施方案,如图1和2所示,聚合物叠层18可包含任何常规层构造。例如,而非限定性的是,聚合物叠层18可具有以下构造,其中n代表重复1至10次,优选重复1、2或3次:
(聚合物片材)n
(聚合物片材//聚合物膜)n
(聚合物膜//聚合物片材)n
(聚合物片材//聚合物膜//聚合物片材)n
(聚合物膜//聚合物片材//聚合物膜)n
当然,许多其他布置也是可行的而且在本发明范围之内,包括在任何合适的聚合物叠层18中插入第二聚合物片材16或第二和第三聚合物片材16、20的实施方案。
除提供较薄的聚合物片材防粘连层外,本发明还包括在片材内并邻近暴露表面包含较薄防粘连区的聚合物片材。如图3所示,可制备具有防粘连区24和非防粘连区22的聚合物片材,其中防粘连区包含一种或几种防粘连剂。这种片材可例如通过共挤出两种聚合物熔体制备,本文别处将进行描述。所得聚合物片材通过将防粘连剂集中在其中该试剂可有效用于防粘连的较窄区域中,而有效提供与图1所示多层中间层类似的防粘连效果。
对于图3所示实施方案,形成防粘连区24以模拟聚合物片材中的单独的层,并可具有小于0.4mm、小于0.3mm、小于0.25mm、小于0.2mm,或小于0.15mm的厚度。非防粘连区22可按照需要具有任何合适厚度,使得对于任何给定的应用,能形成具有适当厚度的聚合物片材。此外,非防粘连区可包含数量低于防粘连区中数量的防粘连剂,或可不含防粘连剂或基本不含防粘连剂,其中从防粘连区24迁移到非防粘连区22中的任何防粘连剂一般是不确定的。在不同实施方案中,非防粘连区22具有少于10%、少于5%或少于1%的防粘连区24的防粘连剂,以重量对重量基础计。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解的是,图3所示中间层可在具有降低的粘连的情况下卷绕或堆积,如果需要,可单独用作多层玻璃板中的中间层。在进一步的实施方案中,图3所示聚合物片材可用作多层中间层中的单一层。例如,可在两块聚合物片材之间布置聚合物膜,使防粘连区朝外,形成在每个暴露表面上都具有防粘连区的三层中间层。
在本发明进一步的实施方案中,例如通过共挤出三个聚合物熔体,在聚合物片材中形成三个独立的区域。在这些实施方案中,在图3所示聚合物片材中与防粘连区24相对的聚合物片材表面上形成第二防粘连区,形成模仿图2所示实施方案布置的具有三个区的单一聚合物片材,其中两个防粘连区之间布置中心非防粘连区。在这些实施方案中,所述两个防粘连区可以相同或不同,即两个防粘连区都可具有上文针对防粘连区24描述的厚度和特征。这些实施方案提供了防粘连剂集中在片材表面的单一聚合物片材,其提供防粘连特性,而不会同时产生不可接受的光学影响。
在这里描述的共挤出实施方案中,非防粘连区22的厚度可从例如1mm的较厚的厚度到例如0.125mm的非常薄的厚度进行变化。在不同实施方案中,非防粘连区22小于0.2mm或0.15mm,而所述一个或两个防粘连区24具有0.3-0.5mm或0.35-0.45mm的厚度。
上述以及图1、2和3中描述的任何实施方案都可用作中间层,或在不同实施方案中与常规层结合制备多层中间层。具体而言,采用含有防粘连剂的单一聚合物片材或区域的实施方案可按照需要与聚合物膜或聚合物片材的其他层,以及其他类型的层结合。
在本发明的不同实施方案中,可形成包含聚合物叠层∥防粘连聚合物片材(如图1所示)和具有防粘连聚合物区的聚合物片材(如图3所示)的中间层。
防粘连剂
掺入包含防粘连剂的聚合物片材或聚合物片材的防粘连区中的本发明的防粘连剂可以是本领域公知的任何合适的防粘连剂。
可用于本发明中间层的防粘连剂可在聚合物形成片材之前以适当的量加入聚合物熔体中,可最多占熔体的2%、1.5%、1%、0.5%或0.1%,以重量对重量基础计。
可用的防粘连剂包括但不限于具有以下通式的脂肪酸酰胺:
其中R限定包含具有约12至约40个碳原子的烃链的防粘连链段,R1表示H或具有1至约40个碳原子的烃链。这些酰胺包括芥酸酰胺、山萮酸酰胺、油基棕榈酸酰胺、硬脂基芥酸酰胺、瓢儿菜基硬脂酰胺、羟基硬脂酰胺、油酸二乙醇酰胺、硬脂酸二乙醇酰胺、聚(乙二醇)油酸酰胺、十八烷酸酰胺(以下称为“硬脂酰胺”),以及上述酰胺的混合物。优选的是单酰胺。特别优选仲单酰胺。特别优选的仲单酰胺是N-油基棕榈酸酰胺,即具有以下所示双键几何结构的酰胺:
在聚合物片材中掺入所述酰胺防粘连剂以赋予聚合物片材表面期望的性能的方法并不重要。优选酰胺防粘连剂可加入熔体中并挤出。在熔体中所述试剂的浓度应足以提供期望的防粘连、透明度和玻璃粘合性能。优选聚合物中所述酰胺的掺入浓度为约0.001-约1.0wt%;更优选约0.01-约0.6wt%,最优选约0.1-约0.3wt%。US 6825255中公开了脂肪酸酰胺的其他实例。
可用的防粘连剂还包括但不限于包含防粘连链段和相容性链段的双官能表面改性剂。改性剂的典型实例包括烷基苯磺酸盐(RC6H4SO3M)、烷基磺酸盐(RSO3M)、烷基硫酸盐(ROSO3M)、烷基羧酸盐(RCOOM)、聚烷氧基羧酸盐(R(OCH2CH2)nOCH2COOM)和烷基磷酸酯(ROPO3M2),其中M是氢或金属阳离子(例如钠、钾、镁、钙等)或铵离子,R是烷基,重复单元数n>1。
可用作防粘连剂的第二类双官能表面改性剂包含防粘连链段和相容性链段。防粘连链段优选包含聚乙烯嵌段或烃链嵌段,而相容性链段优选包含聚(亚烷基二醇)嵌段。
在进一步的实施方案中,可在聚合物片材中加入氟化化合物来提供防粘连性能。在更进一步的实施方案中,可采用本领域公知的防粘连剂,例如以下文献中公开的那些:德国专利文献DE2846837、DE3429440、DE10064373、国际专利文献WO03051974、日本专利文献JP53102380、JP53024369、JP58052304、JP08188660、JP11217245和美国专利6323159。
除熔体中大量包含的防粘连剂外,也可通过包括但不限于喷涂技术、照相凹版印刷、静电技术、浸渍(浸涂)技术等的各种常规涂布技术,在聚合物片材表面布置额外的防粘连剂。在喷涂工艺中,将试剂置于液体载体中,雾化,并喷射在聚合物片材表面。所述载体可以是含水的或溶剂基的(例如有机含氧的溶剂),并且可作为微粒分散体施加。载体中防粘连剂的浓度应足以实现期望的性能。一般来说,液体载体中所述试剂的浓度优选0.1-15%(重量),更优选0.5-10%,最优选1-5%。在一个实施方案中,在所述表面一侧上涂布所述试剂。在浸涂工艺中,将挤出的聚合物片材浸入含有防粘连剂的分散体中。一旦所述试剂沉积在聚合物片材上,就可蒸发掉载体,从而在聚合物片材表面上留下防粘连剂。
除以上提供的单一防粘连剂外,也可采用两种或更多种防粘连剂的混合物。
聚合物片材
以下部分描述了可用于形成本发明的聚合物片材的各种材料,例如图1中以元件14和16示出的片材。
本文所用“聚合物片材”指通过任何合适方法形成为薄层的任何热塑性聚合物组合物,所述薄层适合单独地或以一层以上的叠层的形式用作中间层,给层压窗用玻璃板提供充分的抗穿透性和玻璃保留性能。增塑的聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)最常用于形成聚合物片材。
在本发明的不同实施方案中,额外的聚合物片材层厚度可在0.25-3.0mm、0.25-1.0mm、0.25-0.5mm或0.3-0.4mm之间。
本发明的聚合物片材可包含任何合适的聚合物,在优选实施方案中,如以上所述,聚合物片材包含聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)。在本文提出的包含聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)作为聚合物片材的聚合物组分的本发明的任何实施方案中,包括其中聚合物组分由聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)组成或基本上由聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)组成的另一种实施方案。在这些实施方案中,本文公开的包括增塑剂的任何添加剂的变化都可用于具有由聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)组成或基本上由聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)组成的聚合物的聚合物片材。
在一个实施方案中,聚合物片材包含基于部分缩醛化的聚(乙烯醇)的聚合物。在另一个实施方案中,聚合物片材包含选自聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)、聚氨酯、聚氯乙稀、聚(乙烯乙酸乙烯酯)以及它们的组合等的聚合物。在各实施方案中,聚合物片材包括增塑的聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)。在进一步的实施方案中,聚合物片材包含聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)和一种或多种其他聚合物。在其中针对聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)具体给出了优选范围、数值和/或方法(例如,但不限于,针对增塑剂、组分百分比、厚度和特性增强添加剂)的本文的任何段落中,这些范围在可应用的情况下也可用于本文公开的可用作聚合物片材中的组分的其他聚合物和聚合物共混物。
对于包含聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)的实施方案,聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)可通过公知的缩醛化工艺来制备,该工艺涉及使聚(乙烯醇)(PVOH)与丁醛在酸催化剂存在下反应,接着中和催化剂、分离、稳定和干燥树脂。
在不同实施方案中,用于形成含有聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)的聚合物片材的树脂包含10-35重量%(wt%)以聚(乙烯醇)计算的羟基、13-30wt%以聚(乙烯醇)计算的羟基或15-22wt%以聚(乙烯醇)计算的羟基。该聚合物片材还可包含以聚乙酸乙烯酯计算少于15wt%的残余酯基、13wt%、11wt%、9wt%、7wt%、5wt%或少于3wt%的残余酯基,其余是缩醛,优选丁醛缩醛,但非必需地包括少量其他缩醛基团,例如2-乙基己醛基团(参见例如美国专利5137954)。
在不同实施方案中,聚合物片材包含分子量至少为30,000、40,000、50,000、55,000、60,000、65,000、70,000、120,000、250,000或至少350,000克每摩尔(g/mol或道尔顿)的聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)。缩醛化步骤中还可加入少量二醛或三醛,以将分子量提高到至少350g/m(参见例如美国专利4902464、4874814、4814529、4654179)。此处所用术语“分子量”是指重均分子量。
各种粘合控制剂都可用于本发明的聚合物片材中,包括乙酸钠、乙酸钾和镁盐。可用于本发明的这些实施方案的镁盐包括但不限于美国专利5728472中公开的那些,例如水杨酸镁、烟酸镁、二(2-氨基苯甲酸)镁、二(3-羟基-2-萘甲酸)镁,以及双(2-乙基丁酸)镁(化学文摘号79992-76-0)。在本发明的不同实施方案中,镁盐是双(2-乙基丁酸)镁。
聚合物片材中可掺入添加剂,以提高其在最终产品中的性能。这些添加剂包括但不限于以下试剂:防粘连剂、增塑剂、染料、颜料、稳定剂(例如紫外稳定剂)、抗氧化剂、阻燃剂、红外线吸收剂,以及以上添加剂的组合等,它们是本领域公知的。
在本发明聚合物片材的不同实施方案中,聚合物片材可包含20-60、25-60、20-80或10-70份增塑剂每100份树脂(phr)。当然对于具体应用可采用合适的其他数量。在某些实施方案中,增塑剂具有少于20、少于15、少于12或少于10个碳原子的烃链段。
可调节增塑剂的量,以影响聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)片材的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)。通常,加入数量更多的增塑剂来降低Tg。本发明的聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)聚合物片材可具有例如40℃或以下、35℃或以下、30℃或以下、25℃或以下、20℃或以下和15℃或以下的Tg。
本发明的聚合物树脂中可加入任何合适的增塑剂,以形成聚合物片材。用于本发明聚合物片材中的增塑剂尤其可包括多元酸或多元醇的酯。合适的增塑剂包括例如三甘醇二(2-乙基丁酸)酯、三甘醇二(2-乙基己酸)酯、三甘醇二庚酸酯、四甘醇二庚酸酯、己二酸二己酯、己二酸二辛酯、己二酸环己醇己醇酯、己二酸庚酯和己二酸壬酯的混合物、己二酸二异壬酯、己二酸庚醇壬醇酯、癸二酸二丁酯、诸如油改性的癸二酸醇酸树脂的聚合增塑剂,诸如美国专利3841890中公开的磷酸酯和己二酸酯的混合物,和例如美国专利4144217中公开的己二酸酯,以及以上物质的混合物和组合。可采用的其他增塑剂是美国专利5013779中公开的由C4-C9烷基醇和环C4-C10醇制成的混合的己二酸酯,和诸如己二酸己酯的C6-C8己二酸酯。在不同实施方案中,所用增塑剂是己二酸二己酯和/或三甘醇二(2-乙基己酸)酯。
可采用任何合适的方法制备本发明的聚合物片材。制备聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)的合适方法的细节是本领域普通技术人员公知的(参见例如美国专利2282057和2282026)。在一个实施方案中,可采用在Vinyl AcetalPolymers,Encyclopedia of Polymer Science&Technology,第3版,第8卷,381-399页,B.E.Wade,(2003)中描述的溶剂法。在另一个实施方案中,可采用这里描述的水成法(aqueous method)。聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)可以各种形式商购,例如从Solutia Inc.,St.Louis,Missouri以ButvarTM树脂商购。
聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)聚合物、增塑剂和添加剂可根据本领域普通技术人员公知的方法进行热加工并制成片材的形式。
此处所用“树脂”指从聚合前体的酸催化并随后中和获得的混合物中去除的聚合物(例如聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛))组分。树脂除含有聚合物例如聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)外,还含有其他组分,如乙酸酯、盐和醇。此处所用“熔体”是指树脂与增塑剂以及非必需的例如防粘连剂的其他添加剂的熔融混合物。
形成聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)片材的一种示例性方法包括迫使熔体通过片材模头(例如具有开口的模头,该开口一个方向的尺寸显著大于垂直方向的尺寸),挤出包含树脂、增塑剂和添加剂的熔融聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)(熔体)。形成聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)片材的另一种示例性方法包括将熔体从模头浇铸在辊子上、固化树脂,并接着作为片材除去固化的树脂。
通过在熔体中加入防粘连剂并在形成聚合物片材之前混合该熔体,可在聚合物片材中掺入本发明的防粘连剂。对于在聚合物片材中形成防粘连区的实施方案,防粘连剂可加入与第二熔体共挤出的第一熔体中,其中第二熔体例如未加入防粘连剂。在其他实施方案中,也可共挤出包含防粘连剂的第三熔体,形成在本文别处描述的三区实施方案。所得片材将如本文别处所述的那样具有防粘连区和非防粘连区。
聚合物膜
本文所用“聚合物膜”是指起性能增强层作用的相对薄且刚性的聚合物层。聚合物膜不同于本文所用的聚合物片材,原因在于聚合物膜自身不能为多层窗用玻璃结构(glazing structure)提供必需的抗冲击性及玻璃滞留性能,而仅提供诸如红外吸收特性的性能改进。聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)最常用作聚合物膜。
用于本发明的聚合物膜可以是其刚性足以提供较平整、稳定的表面的任何合适的膜,例如在多层玻璃板中常用作性能增强层的那些聚合物膜。聚合物膜优选是光学透明的(即邻近该层一侧的物体可充分地被自另一侧透过该层观察的特定观察者通过眼睛看到),且无论组成如何,通常具有较邻近聚合物片更大的,在某些实施方案中显著更大的拉伸模量。在各实施方案中,聚合物膜含有热塑性材料。在热塑性材料中具有适宜性质的是尼龙、聚氨酯、丙烯酸系树脂、聚碳酸酯、聚烯烃(例如聚丙烯)、乙酸纤维素及三醋酸纤维素、氯乙烯聚合物及共聚物,等等。在各实施方案中,聚合物膜包含例如具有所指出性质的再拉伸热塑性膜的材料,其包括聚酯。在各实施方案中,聚合物膜包含聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)或由聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)组成,且在许多实施方案中,聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯已经经过双轴拉伸以改进强度,和/或已经经过热稳定以当经受升高的温度时提供低收缩特性(例如,于150℃下30分钟后在两个方向的收缩都小于2%)。
在各实施方案中,聚合物膜可具有0.013毫米至0.20毫米、0.025毫米至0.1毫米或0.04至0.06毫米的厚度。聚合物膜可任选地经表面处理或涂布功能性能层以改进一或多种性质,例如粘附性或红外辐射反射性能。这些功能性能层包括,例如多层叠层,当暴露于太阳光时其用于反射红外太阳辐射并透射可见光。该多层叠层是本领域公知的(参见例如WO88/01230及美国专利第4,799,745号)且可包含例如一或多个埃厚的金属层和一或多个(例如两个)顺序沉积的在光学上协同运作的(optically cooperating)介电层。如同也已众所周知的那样(参见例如美国专利第4,017,661号及第4,786,783号),可任选以电阻方式加热金属层以用于任何相关玻璃层的除霜或除雾。各种用于可与本发明一起使用的聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)膜和其它聚合物膜的涂布及表面处理技术阐述于公开的欧洲申请第0157030号中。本发明的聚合物膜也可包括本领域公知的硬涂层和/或防雾层。
本发明包括防止聚合物片材和聚合物中间层粘连的方法,包括形成本发明的任何聚合物叠层/聚合物片材结构、层压该结构形成中间层,和非必需地卷绕或堆积该中间层。
本发明还包括防止聚合物片材粘连的方法,包括形成具有这里描述的任何防粘连区/非防粘连区的聚合物片材,和非必需地卷绕或堆积该聚合物片材。
本发明还包括这里公开的本发明的任何聚合物中间层的叠层或卷。
本发明包括包含本发明的任何中间层的多层窗用玻璃板,特别是诸如建筑安全玻璃和汽车风挡玻璃的多层玻璃板。
本发明包括制造中间层的方法,包括用共挤出技术在聚合物片材内形成一个或两个防粘连区。
本发明包括多层玻璃板的制造方法,包括将本发明的任何中间层,并与另外的聚合物层一起,或不与另外的聚合物层一起,布置在两块玻璃板之间,并层压该叠层。
下面描述用于本发明的各种聚合物片材和/或层压玻璃的特征和测量技术。
聚合物片材特别是聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)片材的透明度,可通过测量雾度值来确定,雾度值是未穿过所述片材的光的量化。根据以下技术可测量百分比雾度。可使用D25型Hazemeter装置,购自HunterAssociates(Reston,VA),根据ASTM D1003-61(1977年重新核准)一程序A使用光源C以2度观察角测量雾度值。在本发明的各实施方案中,百分比雾度小于5%、小于3%及小于1%。
可根据以下技术测量击打粘附性(pummel adhesion),其中“击打”在本文中用于量化聚合物片对玻璃的粘附性,以下技术用于确定击打性。双层玻璃层合物样品是在标准的压热层压条件下制成。将这些层合物冷却至约-17℃(0°F)并用锤子人工敲打至玻璃破碎。然后去除所有未粘附至聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)片材的碎玻璃,并将剩余的粘附到聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)层的玻璃的数量目测地与一系列标准进行比较。这些标准对应于其中不同程度的玻璃保持粘附于聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)片材上的等级。具体而言,击打标准为零表示没有剩余的玻璃粘附于聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)片材上。击打标准为10表示100%的玻璃保持粘附于聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)片材上。对于本发明的层压玻璃板,不同实施方案具有至少3、至少5、至少8、至少9或10的击打性。其他实施方案具有8至10(包括8和10)的击打性。
聚合物片材的“黄度指数”可根据以下量测:形成1厘米厚的聚合物片的透明模制盘,其具有基本上平的且平行的光滑聚合物表面。该指数系根据ASTM方法D1925,“Standard Test Method forYellowness Index of Plastics”,由可见光谱分光光度计的透光率计算得出。该值使用所测量的样品厚度校正为1厘米厚度的值。在本发明各实施方案中,聚合物片材可具有12或以下、10或以下、或8或以下的黄度指数。
粘连可根据以下技术测量,此处所用和所指的“粘连力”用以下技术确定,其是“剥离粘附”测量。切下两片长方形薄膜条,以完全重叠对的形式放置在一起。将每一对的上片粘附在一片相应尺寸的胶带上。将薄膜对置于两块钢板中心,将该组合体在约7℃-25℃温度下施加69kPa压力24小时。然后用剥离试验装置,以84英寸每分钟的剥离速度,在90度剥离试验中剥离薄膜条。粘连力以磅每线性英寸(pounds per linear inch,PLI)量化。在不同实施方案中,聚合物片材中将掺入足够浓度的本发明的防粘连剂,以赋予小于2.5磅每线性英寸(PLI)、小于2.25PLI、小于2.0PLI、小于1.75PLI、小于1.5PLI、小于1.25PLI、小于1.0PLI、小于0.8PLI、小于0.6PLI、小于0.5PLI、小于0.4PLI、小于0.3PLI、小于0.2PLI和小于0.1PLI的粘连力。本领域普通技术人员基于本公开的教导,很容易能够改变本公开提出的制备条件,以制备具有期望粘连力的本发明的聚合物片材。
借助本发明,现在可提供具有优异的防粘连特性并且不会不可接受地影响最终窗玻璃产品的光学性质的中间层。此外,通过将防粘连剂限定在较薄的外层或防粘连区中,可以使用更少的防粘连剂来实现与常规使用大量防粘连剂等同的效果。
虽然本发明已参考典型实施方案进行描述,但本领域普通技术人员应该理解的是,不脱离本发明的范围可作出各种变化,并对其要素进行等价替代。另外,可进行许多修改,以使具体条件或材料复合本发明的教导,而不脱离本发明的基本范围。因此,本发明并不限于作为实施本发明的最佳方式公开的具体实施方案,相反,本发明将包括落在附属权利要求范围内的所有实施方案。
需进一步理解的是,针对本发明的任何单一组分给出的任何范围、数值或特征,在相容的情况下,可与针对本发明的任何其他组分给出的任何范围、数值或特征互换使用,形成对本文全文所给出的每一组份皆具有限定数值的实施方案。例如,可形成除针对增塑剂给出的任何范围外包含任何给定范围的试剂的聚合物片材,以形成落在本发明范围内的许多置换。
附图除另外指明外并未按比例绘制。
这里指出的每个参考文献,包括期刊文章、专利、申请和书籍均全文参考引用。
Claims (30)
1.一种中间层,其包括:
包含第一聚合物片材的聚合物叠层,其中所述第一聚合物片材不含防粘连剂;和
与所述聚合物叠层接触布置的第二聚合物片材,其中所述第二聚合物片材包含防粘连剂并具有小于0.4mm的厚度。
2.权利要求1的中间层,其中所述第一聚合物片材和所述第二聚合物片材各自含有聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
3.权利要求2的中间层,其中所述第二聚合物片材具有小于0.3mm的厚度。
4.权利要求2的中间层,其中所述第二聚合物片材具有小于0.25mm的厚度。
6.权利要求2的中间层,其中所述聚合物叠层还包含布置在所述第一聚合物片材和所述第二聚合物片材之间的聚合物膜。
7.权利要求2的中间层,还包含与所述第二聚合物片材相对并与所述聚合物叠层接触布置的第三聚合物片材,其中所述第三聚合物片材包含防粘连剂并具有小于0.4mm的厚度。
8.权利要求2的中间层,其中所述第一聚合物片材不含防粘连剂。
9.一种中间层,其包括:
聚合物片材,其中所述聚合物片材包含防粘连区和非防粘连区,其中所述防粘连区包含防粘连剂并具有小于0.4mm的厚度,所述非防粘连区不含防粘连剂。
10.权利要求9的中间层,其中所述防粘连区和所述非防粘连区各自含有聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
11.权利要求10的中间层,其中所述防粘连区具有小于0.3mm的厚度。
12.权利要求10的中间层,其中所述非防粘连区具有小于0.125mm的厚度。
14.权利要求10的中间层,其中所述第一防粘连区不含防粘连剂。
15.权利要求10的中间层,其中所述防粘连剂包含N-油基棕榈酸酰胺。
16.聚合物片材的制备方法,包括:
共挤出第一熔体和第二熔体以形成所述聚合物片材,其中所述聚合物片材包含由所述第一熔体形成的防粘连区和由所述第二熔体形成的非防粘连区,其中所述防粘连区具有小于0.4mm的厚度,其中所述第一熔体包含防粘连剂,且其中所述第二熔体不含防粘连剂。
17.权利要求16的方法,其中所述第一熔体和所述第二熔体各自含有聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
18.权利要求17的方法,其中所述防粘连区具有小于0.3mm的厚度。
19.权利要求17的方法,其中所述非防粘连区具有小于0.125mm的厚度。
21.权利要求17的方法,其中所述第二熔体不含防粘连剂。
22.权利要求17的方法,其中所述防粘连剂含有N-油基棕榈酸酰胺。
23.中间层的制备方法,包括:
提供聚合物叠层,其中所述聚合物叠层包含第一聚合物片材,其中所述第一聚合物片材不含防粘连剂;
使第二聚合物片材与所述聚合物叠层接触布置,其中所述第二聚合物片材含有防粘连剂并具有小于0.4mm的厚度;和
层压所述聚合物叠层和所述第二聚合物片材以形成中间层。
24.权利要求23的方法,其中所述第一聚合物片材和所述第二聚合物片材各自含有聚乙烯醇缩丁醛。
25.权利要求24的方法,其中所述第二聚合物片材具有小于0.3mm的厚度。
26.权利要求24的方法,其中所述第二聚合物片材具有小于0.2mm的厚度。
27.权利要求24的方法,其中所述防粘连剂是具有以下通式的脂肪酸酰胺:
其中R是具有12至40个碳原子的烃链,R1是H或具有1至40个碳原子的烃链。
28.权利要求24的方法,其中所述聚合物叠层还包含布置在所述第一聚合物片材与所述第二聚合物片材之间的聚合物膜。
29.权利要求24的方法,其中所述聚合物叠层还包含第三聚合物片材,其中所述第三聚合物片材包含防粘连剂并具有小于0.4mm的厚度。
30.权利要求24的方法,其中所述第一聚合物片材不含防粘连剂。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/087,985 US20060216501A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2005-03-24 | Polymer interlayers comprising antiblocking layers |
US11/087,985 | 2005-03-24 | ||
PCT/US2006/009955 WO2006102199A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2006-03-17 | Polymer interlayers comprising antiblocking layers |
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CN101146675A CN101146675A (zh) | 2008-03-19 |
CN101146675B true CN101146675B (zh) | 2011-10-05 |
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CN2006800089502A Expired - Fee Related CN101146675B (zh) | 2005-03-24 | 2006-03-17 | 包含防粘连层的聚合物中间层 |
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US (2) | US20060216501A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1874536B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5175711B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101247821B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101146675B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2006227305B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0607580A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2601588A1 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL186064A (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2007011549A (zh) |
NO (1) | NO20075333L (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ562684A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2404060C2 (zh) |
SG (1) | SG160435A1 (zh) |
UA (1) | UA86882C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2006102199A1 (zh) |
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- 2005-03-24 US US11/087,985 patent/US20060216501A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2006
- 2006-03-17 UA UAA200711555A patent/UA86882C2/ru unknown
- 2006-03-17 WO PCT/US2006/009955 patent/WO2006102199A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-03-17 MX MX2007011549A patent/MX2007011549A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2006-03-17 BR BRPI0607580-0A patent/BRPI0607580A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-03-17 CA CA 2601588 patent/CA2601588A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-03-17 SG SG201002022-0A patent/SG160435A1/en unknown
- 2006-03-17 AU AU2006227305A patent/AU2006227305B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-03-17 CN CN2006800089502A patent/CN101146675B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-03-17 KR KR1020077021479A patent/KR101247821B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-03-17 RU RU2007138725A patent/RU2404060C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-03-17 NZ NZ562684A patent/NZ562684A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-03-17 EP EP20060738935 patent/EP1874536B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-03-17 JP JP2008503064A patent/JP5175711B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2007
- 2007-09-19 IL IL186064A patent/IL186064A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-10-19 NO NO20075333A patent/NO20075333L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
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RU2404060C2 (ru) | 2010-11-20 |
US9023463B2 (en) | 2015-05-05 |
UA86882C2 (ru) | 2009-05-25 |
BRPI0607580A2 (pt) | 2009-09-15 |
EP1874536B1 (en) | 2012-07-11 |
SG160435A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
AU2006227305A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
CN101146675A (zh) | 2008-03-19 |
KR101247821B1 (ko) | 2013-03-26 |
NO20075333L (no) | 2007-10-19 |
JP2008534316A (ja) | 2008-08-28 |
US20140079928A1 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
RU2007138725A (ru) | 2009-04-27 |
KR20070120501A (ko) | 2007-12-24 |
MX2007011549A (es) | 2007-10-19 |
IL186064A (en) | 2013-03-24 |
AU2006227305B2 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
JP5175711B2 (ja) | 2013-04-03 |
US20060216501A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
IL186064A0 (en) | 2008-01-20 |
EP1874536A1 (en) | 2008-01-09 |
WO2006102199A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
NZ562684A (en) | 2010-06-25 |
CA2601588A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
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