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CN101048407A - 双环杂芳基pde4b抑制剂 - Google Patents

双环杂芳基pde4b抑制剂 Download PDF

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CN101048407A
CN101048407A CNA200580036980XA CN200580036980A CN101048407A CN 101048407 A CN101048407 A CN 101048407A CN A200580036980X A CNA200580036980X A CN A200580036980XA CN 200580036980 A CN200580036980 A CN 200580036980A CN 101048407 A CN101048407 A CN 101048407A
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P·L·易卜拉欣
R·E·布雷默
S·J·吉勒特
H·丘
M·内斯皮
S·马莫
C·张
D·R·阿尔蒂
B·李
R·L·朱克曼
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Abstract

描述了对PDE4具有活性的化合物。也描述了用X射线晶体学确定的PDE4B晶体结构,应用PDE4B晶体和结构信息来鉴定分子支架、开发与PDE4B结合和调节PDE4B的配体以及根据已知的配体鉴定出改进的配体。

Description

双环杂芳基PDE4B抑制剂
技术领域
[0001]本发明涉及磷酸二酯酶PDE4的配体的开发,包括对PDE4同工型PDE4B和PDE4D的配体的开发,还涉及PDE4B和/或PDE4D的晶体结构的应用。此外,本发明提供了对PDE4具有活性的化合物和应用它们的方法。
背景技术
[0002]所提供的信息仅仅是为了帮助读者理解。所提供的信息和引用的参考文献均不是承认,其为本发明的现有技术。所引用的每一参考文献以其整体并入本文。
[0003]磷酸二酯酶(phosphodiesterases)(PDE)首先由Sutherland及其同事检测到(Rall,et al.,J.Biol.Chem., 232:1065-1076(1958),Butcher,et al.,J.Biol.Chem.,237:1244-1250(1962))。PDE超家族被再分为两个主要类型,I类和II类(Charbonneau,H.,Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases:Structure,Regulation and Drug Action,Beavo,J.,and Houslay,M.D.,eds)267-296 John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,New York(1990)),它们没有可识别出的序列相似性。I类包括所有已知的哺乳动物PDE,由11个得到鉴定的家族组成,它们是独立的基因的产物(Beavo,et al.,Mol.Pharmacol.,46:399-405(1994);Conti,et al.,Endocr.Rev., 16:370-389(1995);Degerman,et al.,J.Biol.Chem., 272:6823-6826(1997);Houslay,M.D.,Adv.Enzyme Regul., 35:303-338(1995);Bolger,G.B.,Cell Signal, 6:851-859(1994);Thompson,et al,Adv.SecondMessenger Phosphoprotein Res., 25:165-184(1992);Underwood,et al.,J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther., 270:250-259(1994);Michaeli,et al.,J.Biol.Chem., 268:12925-12932(1993);Soderling,et al.,Proc.Natl. Acad.Sci.U.S.A., 95:8991-8996(1998);Soderling,et al.,J.Biol.Chem., 273:15553-15558(1998);Fisher,et al.,J.Biol.Chem.,273:15559-15564(1998))。一些PDE对cAMP的水解是高度特异性的(PDE4、PDE7、PDE8),一些是高度cGMP特异性的(PDE5、PDE6、PDE9),一些具有混合的特异性(PDE1、PDE2、PDE3、PDE10、PDE11)(Conti,Molecular Endocrinology, 14:1317-1327(2000))。
[0004]所有得到表征的哺乳动物PDE都是二聚体,但是在各种PDE中,二聚体结构对功能的重要性是未知的。每种PDE具有~270个氨基酸的保守的催化结构域,其在PDE家族中有高度的氨基酸序列保守性(25-30%),并且其位于它的调控结构域的羧基端。一些PDE的激活物似乎解除了位于酶结构中的自身抑制结构域(autoinhibitory domains)的影响(Sonnenberg,et al.,J.Biol.Chem., 270:30989-31000(1995);Jin,et al.,J.Biol.Chem., 267:18929-18939(1992))。
[0005]PDE切割位于3’位置的氧原子和磷原子之间的环核苷酸磷酸二酯键,同时在磷原子处发生构型的翻转(Goldberg,et al.,J.Biol.Chem., 255:10344-10347(1980);Burgers,et al.,J.Biol.Chem., 254:9959-9961(1979))。这显然是由于离子化的H2O的OH-进行成直线状的亲核攻击的结果。已经提出,在PDE的保守的金属结合基序中结合的金属有助于攻击性OH-的产生(Francis,et al.,J.Biol.Chem.,269:22477-22480(1994))。催化的动力学特性与环核苷酸和催化所需的二价阳离子的随机次序机制(random order mechanism)一致(Srivastava,et al.,Biochem.J.,308:653-658(1995))。所有已知的哺乳动物PDE的催化结构域含有串联排列的两个序列(HX3HXn(E/D)),其中每一序列类似于金属内切蛋白酶例如嗜热菌蛋白酶(thermolysin)的单Zn2+结合部位(Francis,et al.,J.Biol.Chem., 269:22477-22480(1994))。PDE5特异性地结合Zn2+,PDE4、PDE5和PDE6的催化活性受亚微摩尔浓度的Zn2+的支持(Francis,et al.,J.Biol.Chem., 269:22477-22480(1994);Percival,etal.,Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun., 241:175-180(1997))。每个Zn2+结合基序是独立地结合Zn2+,还是这两个基序相互作用形成新的Zn2+结合部位,尚不清楚。PDE切割环核苷酸的磷酸二酯键的催化机制可能与某些蛋白酶切割肽的酰胺酯的机制类似,但是在PDE中串联排列的两个Zn2+基序的存在是没有先例的。
[0006]Sutherland和Rall的研究组(Berthet,et al.,J.Biol.Chem., 229:351-361(1957))在20世纪50年代末期首先认识到,咖啡因增强胰高血糖素——腺苷酸环化酶的一种刺激物——对肝脏的cAMP累积和糖原分解的效应的至少一部分机制涉及cAMP PDE活性的抑制。自那时起,化学家们已经合成了数千种PDE抑制剂,包括被广泛应用的3-异丁基-1-甲基黄嘌呤(IBMX)。这些化合物中的许多以及咖啡因,是非选择性的,它们抑制PDE家族中的许多成员。PDE研究中的一个重要进展是家族特异性抑制剂例如PDE4抑制剂洛利普南(rolipram)和PDE5抑制剂西地那非(sildenafil)的发现/设计。
[0007]细胞中PDE功能的精确调节对于将环核苷酸水平维持在窄的限定速率的浓度范围内是至关重要的。cGMP高于基础水平的2-4倍的增加通常会产生最大的生理反应。存在三种调控PDEs的一般方案:(a)由底物可利用度来调节,例如通过提高环核苷酸水平后的质量作用(mass action)刺激PDE活性,或通过由于另一种环核苷酸的竞争而改变一种环核苷酸的水解速率,这可以针对任何双特异性PDE(例如PDE1、PDE2、PDE3)进行;(b)由改变细胞内信号转导的细胞外信号(例如,磷酸化事件、Ca2+、磷脂酸、磷酸肌醇、蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用等)来调节,这导致,例如,胰岛素对PDE3活性的刺激(Degerman,et al.,J.Biol.Chem.,272:6823-6826(1997));光子通过转导素系统对PDE6活性的刺激(Yamazaki,et al.,J.Biol.Chem., 255:11619-11624(1980)),这改变了PDE6与此酶的相互作用;或者通过与Ca2+/钙调蛋白的增强的相互作用对PDE1活性进行刺激;(c)反馈调节,例如通过cAMP增加后PKA催化的PDE1、PDE3或PDE4磷酸化(Conti,et al.,Endocr.Rev., 16:370-389(1995);Degerman,et al.,J.Biol.Chem., 272:6823-6826(1997);Gettys,et al.,J.Biol.Chem. 262:333-339(1987);Florio,et al,Biochemistry,33:8948-8954(1994)),通过在cGMP增加后变构cGMP与PDE2的结合促进cAMP或cGMP分解,或者通过调节PDE蛋白水平,例如通过在细胞慢性暴露于cAMP升高试剂后增加的PDE3或PDE4浓度而发生的失敏(Conti,et al.,Endocr.Rev.,16:370-389(1995),Sheth,et al.,Throm.Haemostasis, 77:155-162(1997))或者通过PDE5含量的发育相关变化。能够影响上述三种方案中的任意一种的其它因素是PDEs的细胞内区室化(Houslay,M.D.,Adv.Enzyme Regul., 35:303-338(1995)),其通过共价修饰例如异戊二烯化或通过PDE一级结构中的特异性靶向序列以及可能的PDEs在细胞内区室之间的移位来实现。
[0008]在PDE超家族中,10个家族中的四种PDEs(PDE2、PDE5、PDE6和PDE10)除了具有不同底物专一性的催化部位之外,还含有高度cGMP特异性的变构(非催化性)cGMP结合部位。这些二聚cGMP-结合PDE中的每一单体含有串联排列并位于蛋白质氨基端部分的~110个氨基酸的两个同源cGMP结合部位(Charbonneau,H.,Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases:Structure,Regulation and Drug Action,Beavo,J.,and Houslay,M.D.,eds)267-296(1990);McAllister-Lucas,et al.,J.Biol.Chem.,270:30671-30679(1995))。在PDE2中,cGMP与这些部位的结合刺激在催化部位的cAMP水解(Beavo,et al.,Mol.Pharmacol., 46:399-405(1994))。PDE2水解cGMP以及cAMP,根据正协同动力学,cGMP水解受到在变构部位的cGMP结合的刺激(Manganiello,et al.,Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases:Structure,Regulation,andDrug Action,Beavo,J.,and Houslay,M.D.,eds,61-85 John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,NewYork(1990))。这可以代表调节组织cGMP水平的负反馈过程(Manganiello,et al.,Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases:Structure,Regulation,and Drug Action,Beavo,J.,and Houslay,M.D.,eds,61-85 John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,New York(1990)),除了cGMP刺激的cAMP分解所代表的环核苷酸途径之间的交汇相互作用(cross-talk),这也会发生。cGMP与PDE6变构部位的结合没有显示出会影响催化,但是此结合可以调节PDE6与调节蛋白、转导素和PDE6的抑制性γ亚基的相互作用(Yamazaki,et al.,Adv.Cyclic Nucleotide Protein Phosphorylation Res., 16:381-392(1984))。
[0009]PDE4亚家族由4个成员组成:PDE4A、PDE4B(SEQ ID NO:1)、PDE4C和PDE4D(SEQ ID NO:2)(Conti et al.(2003)J Biol Chem.278:5493-5496)。与cGMP相比,PDE4酶表现出优先选择cAMP作为底物。这些酶具有推测介导二聚化作用的N端调节结构域,二聚化作用导致被最佳调节的PDE活性。此外,活性通过此上游调节结构域中的cAMP依赖性蛋白激酶磷酸化位点被调节。这些酶也相当遍在地被表达,但其在淋巴细胞中的表达是重要的。
[0010]已经提出PDE4酶的抑制剂在治疗炎性疾病中具有效用。PDE4B的敲除得到的是可存活的小鼠(Jin and Conti(2002)Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,99,7628-7633),而PDE4D的敲除导致存活力下降(Jin et al.(1999)Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,96,11998-12003)。PDE4D敲除基因型可以通过在其它背景小鼠品系中培育得到拯救。来自这些PDE4D敲除胚胎的气道上皮细胞对肾上腺素激动剂表现出大大降低的超敏性,表明PDE4D是气道炎性疾病的治疗靶标(Hansen et al.(2000)Proc Natl AcadSci USA,97,6751-6756)。PDE4B敲除小鼠有极少的症状和正常的气道超敏性。Delgado et al.,(MedSciMonit,2003,9:BR252-259)报告,由于在患有过敏性皮炎的患者的血液单核白细胞中描述的PDE4活性增加,以及推定的在炎性细胞中组胺和PDE4之间的关联,组胺通过H2受体刺激和cAMP增加而上调U-937细胞中的PDE4活性。
[0011]与之相比,来自PDE4B敲除小鼠的单核细胞对LPS表现出降低的反应(Jinand Conti(2002)Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,99,7628-7633)。这表明相比PDE4D具有选择性的PDE4B化合物能够表现出抗炎活性,同时副作用减少。
[0012]因此,在本领域中存在着对PDE4例如PDE4B和PDE4D的更有效和特异的抑制剂和调节剂以及设计它们的方法的需求。
发明概述
[0013]本发明提供了对PDE4,例如PDE4B和/或PDE4D同工型具有活性的化合物。特别地,本发明提供了如下述的式I、Ia、Ib、Ic、Id和Ie的化合物。因此,本发明提供了可以用于涉及调节PDE4的治疗方法的化合物,还提供了用于开发PDE4和其它PDE的其它调节剂的分子支架(molecular scaffolds)。本发明还涉及,应用关于PDE4B的结构信息来获得其它PDE4B调节剂。
[0014]一方面,本发明提供了具有下列结构的式I化合物:
Figure A20058003698000221
其中:
k选自-CR6R7R19、-C(Z)R8、-C(Z)NR12R13、-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14
Z是O、S或NR9
t、u、v、w、x和y各自独立地是N或CR1,然而,条件是,u和t中的不多于一个是N,v、w、x和y中的不多于两个是N;
A选自取代的芳基和取代的杂芳基;
R1,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢、卤素、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基、任选取代的低碳炔基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的环烷基烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基烷基(heterocycloalkylakyl)、任选取代的芳烷基(aralkyl)、任选取代的杂芳烷基(heteroaralkyl)、-C(Z)R8、-OR9、-SR9、-NR10R11、-C(Z)NR12R13、-S(O)2NR12R13、-S(O)2R14和A,然而,条件是,至少一个R1是A;
R6和R7独立地选自氢、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基、任选取代的低碳炔基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的环烷基烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的芳烷基、任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R8,在各种情况下,独立地选自-OR9;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R8是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与C(Z)结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R8是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与C(Z)结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R9,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R9是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与O、N或S结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R9是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与O、N或S结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R10和R11,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R10和/或R11是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R10和/或R11是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8;-C(Z)NR12R13;-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14;或
R10和R11连同它们与之连接的氮一起形成5-7元的任选取代的杂环烷基或任选取代的杂芳环;
R12和R13,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R12和/或R13是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R12和/或R13是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;或
R12和R13连同它们与之连接的氮一起形成5-7元的任选取代的杂环烷基或任选取代的杂芳环;
R14,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R14是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与-S(O)2-结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R14是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与-S(O)2-结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R19选自任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基、任选取代的低碳炔基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的环烷基烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的芳烷基、任选取代的杂芳基或任选取代的杂芳烷基;和
它们的所有盐、前体药物(prodrugs)、互变异构体(tautomer)和同分异构体(isomer)。
[0015]在本发明的一个实施方案中,式I中的t、u、v、w、x和y中的不多于一个是N。在一个实施方案中,t是N或CH,条件是t、u、v、w、x和y中的不多于一个是N。在一个实施方案中,t、u、v、w和x是CR1,y是N或CR1;在另一个实施方案中,t是CH。在一个实施方案中,t是N或CH,y是N或CH,条件是t和y不都是N,u、v、w和x中的一个是C-A,u、v、w和x中的其余是CH,条件是所述化合物不是
在本发明的一个实施方案中,t是CH,y是N,u、v、w和x中的一个是C-A,u、v、w和x中的其余是CH,条件是所述化合物不是:
Figure A20058003698000251
[0016]对于上述任何实施方案,进一步地,式I中的A选自取代的苯基、二烷氧苯基、吡唑羧酸酯、取代的吡啶、取代的嘧啶和取代的噻吩并嘧啶。在一个实施方案中,A具有下列结构之一,其中的波状线表示与式I的双环核心结构的连接。
Figure A20058003698000261
其中:
R15,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R15是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R15是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8和-C(Z)NR12R13;或
R15和与之连接的氧结合形成与苯环稠合的5-7元任选取代的杂环烷基环;
R16,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R16是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R16是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8和-C(Z)NR12R13
R17,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R17是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与N、O或S结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R17是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与N、O或S结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R18,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基;任选取代的低碳炔基;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;和任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8;-OR9;-SR9;NR10R11;-C(Z)NR12R13;-S(O)2NR12R13;或-S(O)2R14;和
它们的所有盐、前体药物、互变异构体和同分异构体。
[0017]对于任何上述实施方案,进一步地,式I化合物中的k选自-CH2R19、-C(Z)R8、-C(Z)NR12R13、-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14,其中R8、R12、R13、R14和R19选自任选取代的低碳烷基、芳基和杂芳基,其中芳基和杂芳基任选地被1-3个取代基取代,所述取代基选自卤素、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烷氧基、任选取代的低碳硫代烷基、任选取代的芳氧基、任选取代的杂芳氧基、任选取代的氨基、任选取代的羧基、任选取代的烷基磺酰氨基、氰基和硝基。
[0018]在本发明的一些实施方案中,式I化合物具有式Ia的结构:
Figure A20058003698000271
其中t、v、w、x、y、k和A如上面式I中所限定;和它们的所有盐、前体药物、互变异构体和同分异构体。
[0019]在一个实施方案中,式Ia化合物中的A具有下列之一的结构,其中的波状线表示与Ia的双环核心结构的连接。
Figure A20058003698000272
其中R15、R16、R17和R18如上面的式I所限定。
[0020]在本发明的另一实施方案中,t、v、w、x和y中的不多于一个是N。在一个实施方案中,t是N或CH,条件是t、u、v、w、x和y中的不多于一个是N。在一个实施方案中,t、u、v、w和x是CR1,y是N或CR1;在进一步的实施方案中,t是CH。在另一个实施方案中,t是N或CH,y是N或CH,条件是t和y不都是N,v、w和x中的两个是CR1,v、w和x中的另一个是CH。在另一个实施方案中,t是N或CH,y是N或CH,条件是t和y不都是N,v、w和x中的一个是CR1,v、w和x中的其余是CH。在另一个实施方案中,t是N或CH,y是N或CH,条件是t和y不都是N,v、w和x是CH。在另一个实施方案中,t、v、w、x和y是CH。在另一个实施方案中,t、v、w和x是CH,y是N。在另一个实施方案中,t和y是CH,v、w和x中的一个是CR1,v、w和x中的其余是CH。在另一个实施方案中,t是CH,y是N,v、w和x中的一个是CR1,v、w和x中的其余是CH。对于上述式Ia的任何实施方案,进一步地,所述化合物不是
Figure A20058003698000282
[0021]在一个实施方案中,式Ia化合物中的k选自-CH2R19、-C(Z)R8、-C(Z)NR12R13、-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14,其中R8、R12、R13、R14和R19选自任选取代的低碳烷基、芳基和杂芳基,其中芳基和杂芳基任选地被1-3个取代基取代,所述取代基选自卤素、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烷氧基、任选取代的低碳硫代烷基、任选取代的芳氧基、任选取代的杂芳氧基、任选取代的氨基、任选取代的羧基、任选取代的烷基磺酰氨基、氰基和硝基。
[0022]在本发明的一些实施方案中,式I化合物具有式Ib的结构:
Figure A20058003698000291
其中t、u、w、x、y、k和A如上面式I中所限定;和它们的所有盐、前体药物、互变异构体和同分异构体。
[0023]在一个实施方案中,式Ib化合物中的A具有下列之一的结构,其中的波状线表示与式Ib的双环核心结构的连接。
Figure A20058003698000292
Figure A20058003698000301
其中R15、R16、R17和R18如上面的式I所限定。
[0024]在本发明的另一实施方案中,t、u、w、x和y中的不多于一个是N。在一个实施方案中,t是N或CH,条件是t、u、v、w、x和y中的不多于一个是N。在一个实施方案中,t、u、v、w和x是CR1,y是N或CR1;在进一步的实施方案中,t是CH。在另一个实施方案中,t是N或CH,y是N或CH,条件是t和y不都是N,u、w和x中的两个是CR1,u、w和x中的另一个是CH。在另一个实施方案中,t是N或CH,y是N或CH,条件是t和y不都是N,u、w和x中的一个是CR1,u、w和x中的其余是CH。在另一个实施方案中,t是N或CH,y是N或CH,条件是t和y不都是N,u、w和x是CH。在另一个实施方案中,t、u、w、x和y是CH。在另一个实施方案中,t是CH,y是N,u、w和x中的一个是CR1,u、w和x中的其余是CH。在另一个实施方案中,t、u、w和x是CH,y是N。在另一个实施方案中,t和y是CH,u、w和x中的一个是CR1,u、w和x中的其余是CH。对于上述式Ib的任何实施方案,进一步地,所述化合物不是
Figure A20058003698000302
[0025]在本发明的一个实施方案中,式Ib化合物中的k选自-CH2R19、-C(Z)R8、-C(Z)NR12R13、-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14,其中R8、R12、R13、R14和R19选自任选取代的低碳烷基、芳基和杂芳基,其中芳基和杂芳基任选地被1-3个取代基取代,所述取代基选自卤素、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烷氧基、任选取代的低碳硫代烷基、任选取代的芳氧基、任选取代的杂芳氧基、任选取代的氨基、任选取代的羧基、任选取代的烷基磺酰氨基、氰基和硝基。
[0026]在一些实施方案中,式I化合物具有式Ic的结构:
其中t、u、v、x、y、k和A如上面式I中所限定;和它们的所有盐、前体药物、互变异构体和同分异构体。
[0027]在一个实施方案中,式Ic化合物中的A具有下列之一的结构,其中的波状线表示与式Ic的双环核心结构的连接。
Figure A20058003698000312
Figure A20058003698000321
其中R15、R16、R17和R18如上面的式I所限定。
[0028]在本发明的另一实施方案中,t、u、v、x和y中的不多于一个是N。在一个实施方案中,t是N或CH,条件是t、u、v、w、x和y中的不多于一个是N。在一个实施方案中,t、u、v、w和x是CR1,y是N或CR1;在进一步的实施方案中,t是CH。在另一个实施方案中,t是N或CH,y是N或CH,条件是t和y不都是N,u、v和x中的两个是CR1,u、v和x中的另一个是CH。在另一个实施方案中,t是N或CH,y是N或CH,条件是t和y不都是N,u、v和x中的一个是CR1,u、v和x中的其余是CH。在另一个实施方案中,t是N或CH,y是N或CH,条件是t和y不都是N,u、v和x是CH。在另一个实施方案中,t、u、v、x和y是CH。在另一个实施方案中,t、u、v和x是CH,y是N。在另一个实施方案中,t和y是CH,u、v和x中的一个是CR1,u、v和x中的其余是CH。在另一个实施方案中,t是CH,u、v和x中的一个是CR1,u、v和x中的其余是CH,y是N或CH,然而,条件是,当所述化合物具有下列结构时,
Figure A20058003698000322
则R1选自氢、F、Cl、Br、任选取代的低碳烷基、-C(Z)R8、-OR9、-SR9、-C(Z)NR12R13、-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14
[0029]在本发明的一个实施方案中,式Ib化合物中的k选自-CH2R19、-C(Z)R8、-C(Z)NR12R13、-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14,其中R8、R12、R13、R14和R19选自任选取代的低碳烷基、芳基和杂芳基,其中芳基和杂芳基任选地被1-3个取代基取代,所述取代基选自卤素、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烷氧基、任选取代的低碳硫代烷基、任选取代的芳氧基、任选取代的杂芳氧基、任选取代的氨基、任选取代的羧基、任选取代的烷基磺酰氨基、氰基和硝基。
[0030]在本发明的一些实施方案中,式I化合物具有式Id的结构:
Figure A20058003698000331
其中k如上面式I中所限定,A具有下列之一的结构,其中的波状线表示与式Id的双环核心结构的连接。
Figure A20058003698000341
其中R15、R16、R17和R18如上面的式I所限定;和
它们的所有盐、前体药物、互变异构体和同分异构体。
[0031]在本发明的一个实施方案中,式Id化合物中的k选自-CH2R19、-C(Z)R8、-C(Z)NR12R13、-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14,其中R8、R12、R13、R14和R19选自任选取代的低碳烷基、芳基和杂芳基,其中芳基和杂芳基任选地被1-3个取代基取代,所述取代基选自卤素、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烷氧基、任选取代的低碳硫代烷基、任选取代的芳氧基、任选取代的杂芳氧基、任选取代的氨基、任选取代的羧基、任选取代的烷基磺酰氨基、氰基和硝基。
[0032]在本发明的一些实施方案中,式I化合物具有式Ie的结构:
其中k和R15如上面式I中所限定;和它们的所有盐、前体药物、互变异构体和同分异构体。
[0033]在本发明的一个实施方案中,式Ie化合物中的k选自-CH2R19、-C(Z)R8、-C(Z)NR12R13、-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14,其中R8、R12、R13、R14和R19选自任选取代的低碳烷基、芳基和杂芳基,其中芳基和杂芳基任选地被1-3个取代基取代,所述取代基选自卤素、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烷氧基、任选取代的低碳硫代烷基、任选取代的芳氧基、任选取代的杂芳氧基、任选取代的氨基、任选取代的羧基、任选取代的烷基磺酰氨基、氰基和硝基,进一步地,其中R15,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的芳基和任选取代的杂芳基,或者每一R15和与之连接的氧结合形成与苯环稠合的5-7元任选取代的杂环烷基环。在进一步的实施方案中,当R15是任选取代的低碳烷基时,所述烷基任选地被1-3个取代基取代,所述取代基选自氟、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的芳基和任选取代的杂芳基。
[0034]在涉及式I化合物(例如,式Ia、式Ib和式Ic的化合物)的本发明一些实施方案中,式I中所示的双环结构是下列之一:
Figure A20058003698000351
[0035]对于式I的化合物,环上的位置被指定,如下面的吲哚核心中所示,但是如本文所用,相应的编号也适用于上述其它双环核心结构中的每一个。对式I中的双环核心的提及或指明一种化合物含有如式I中的双环核心以及相似意义的词语是指,如本文所述的包含式I化合物的本发明实施方案的双环结构或部分。
[0036]在本发明的特定实施方案中,式I化合物(例如,式Ia、式Ib、式Ic、式Id和式Ie)在1位具有取代基,如实施例中的化合物;在3位具有取代基,如实施例中的化合物;在4位具有取代基,如实施例中的化合物;在5位具有取代基,如实施例中的化合物;在1位和3位具有取代基,如实施例中的化合物;在1位和4位具有取代基,如实施例中的化合物;在1位和5位具有取代基,如实施例中的化合物。
[0037]在本发明的特定实施方案中,上文所示的双环结构中的一种或多种被式I包含,例如,上文所示的双环核心结构中的任意1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、20、21、22、23、24、25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32或33种被式I包含。
[0038]在本发明的一些实施方案中,式I化合物(例如,式Ia、式Ib、式Ic和式Id)中的A是取代的芳基(例如苯基);取代的杂芳基(如5元或6元杂芳环);被1、2或3个烷氧基(如甲氧基、乙氧基和丙氧基)取代的芳基(例如苯基);被1、2或3个烷氧基取代的杂芳基;被1、2或3个烷基醚基团、烷基硫醚基团或其组合取代的芳基;被1、2或3个烷基醚基团、烷基硫醚基团或其组合取代的杂芳基;二烷氧苯基;二烷基苯硫基(dialkylthiophenyl);二烷氧基杂芳基;二烷硫基杂芳基;双取代的芳基(例如苯基),其中取代基可以相同或不同,例如,是羟基、烷氧基、烷基酯、-SH、硫醚、硫酯;双取代的杂芳基,其中取代基可以相同或不同,例如,是羟基、烷氧基、烷基酯、-SH、硫醚、硫酯。在其中芳基或杂芳基被双取代的一些实施方案中,取代基位于相邻的环碳原子上(例如,邻苯二酚或邻苯二酚二醚),对于6元环,两个取代基相对于该环与分子其余部分的键合而言可以处于间位和对位。在一些实施方案中,A是取代的芳基或取代的杂芳基,取代在远离与分子的其余部分连接的环原子的第二原子处(例如,对于6元环,是间位),在一些实施方案中,这是芳基或杂芳基上的唯一取代。
[0039]在本发明的某些实施方案中,式I化合物(例如,式Ia、式Ib、式Ic和式Id和式Ie)中的k包括任选取代的芳基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的萘基;任选取代的双环杂芳基;被烷氧基或烷硫基(alkylthio)取代的萘基;被烷氧基或烷硫基取代的杂芳基。例如,k中的R6、R7、R8、R9、R12、R13或R14是如此指定的基团。在前述的特定实施方案中,烷基部分是甲基、乙基或丙基。
[0040]在特定的实施方案中,A和k的组合包括任意A(如[0038]中说明的)和任意k(如[0039]中说明的),例如,A是取代的苯基,k包括任选取代的萘基;A是取代的5元或6元杂芳基,k包括任选取代的萘基;A是取代的苯基,k包括任选取代的双环杂芳基;A是取代的5元或6元杂芳基,k包括任选取代的双环杂芳基,等等。
[0041]在本发明的一些实施方案中,当N、O、S或C(Z)与还与N、O、S或C(Z)结合的碳结合,或者与烯基的烯基碳原子结合,或者与炔基的炔基碳原子结合时,这样的化合物被排除;因此,在一些实施方案中,下述化合物从本发明中被排除,所述化合物中含有这样的键,例如-NR-CH2-NR-、-O-CH2-NR-、-S(O)0-2-CH2-NR-、-C(Z)-CH2-NR-、-NR-CH2-O-、-O-CH2-O-、-S(O)0-2-CH2-O-、-C(Z)-CH2-O-、-NR-CH2-S(O)0-2-、-O-CH2-S(O)0-2-、-S(O)0-2-CH2-S(O)0-2-、-C(Z)-CH2-S(O)0-2-、-NR-CH2-C(Z)-、-O-CH2-C(Z)-、-S(O)0-2-CH2-C(Z)-、-C(Z)-CH2-C(Z)-、-NR-CH=CH-、-NR-C≡C-、-O-CH=CH-、-O-C≡C-、-S(O)0-2-CH=CH-、-S(O)0-2-C≡C-、-C(Z)-CH=CH-或-C(Z)-C≡C-。
[0042]因此,在第一方面,本发明提供了如上述的式I、Ia、Ib、Ic、Id或Ie的新颖的化合物。
[0043]本发明的其它方面提供了包括药物制剂的组合物,所述制剂含有治疗有效量的式I、Ia、Ib、Ic、Id或Ie的化合物(或任何这些通式中的化合物亚类中的化合物)和至少一种药学上可接受的载体、赋形剂或稀释剂。
[0044]在特定的实施方案中,组合物包括多种不同的药学上有活性的化合物,其可以是多种式I的化合物并且也可以包含与一种或多种式I化合物联合的其它化合物。在此上下文中的术语“其它化合物”是指,以有效量被给予对象从而预防、缓解或改善一种或多种疾病症状或医学状态和/或延长被治疗对象的存活的化合物,其中所述疾病或医学状态如本文所列举。
[0045]在一个相关方面,本发明提供了含有本文所述的组合物的试剂盒。在特定实施方案中,可以将组合物包封在,例如,小瓶(vial)、瓶(bottle)或长颈瓶(flask)中,可以将它们进一步包封,例如,在盒、封套或袋中;所述组合物是美国食品药品管理局(U.S.Food and Drug Administration)或类似管理机构批准可以施与哺乳动物例如人的药物组合物;组合物是被批准给予哺乳动物例如人的药物组合物,用于PDE4介导的疾病或状态;试剂盒包含书面说明书或其它说明,表明该组合物适于或被准许施用于哺乳动物例如人,用于PDE4介导的疾病或状态。组合物以单位剂量或单剂量形式被包封,例如,单剂量丸剂、胶囊或类似形式。如本文所用,术语“哺乳动物”表示任何哺乳动物种类,包括而不限制,种畜动物(例如,绵羊、山羊、牛)、驯养动物(例如狗、猫)、研究动物(例如大鼠、小鼠)、其它灵长类和人。
[0046]在另一相关方面,式I、Ia、Ib、Ic、Id或Ie的化合物可以被用于制备药物,所述药物用于在需要治疗的对象中治疗PDE4介导的疾病或状态(或PDE4同工型介导的疾病或状态(例如,PDE4B或PDE4D介导的疾病或状态),或其中对PDE4的调节提供治疗益处的疾病或状态。
[0047]在另一方面,本发明提供了在需要的哺乳动物中治疗或预防疾病或状态的方法,其中所述疾病或状态是PDE4介导的疾病或状态,或其中PDE4的调节提供治疗益处的疾病或状态,这通过给予该哺乳动物治疗有效量的式I、Ia、Ib、Ic、Id或Ie化合物、这些化合物的前体药物或这些化合物或前体药物的药学上可接受的盐而实施。所述化合物可以单独应用或者可以是药物组合物的一部分。
[0048]在涉及治疗或预防疾病或状态的本发明方面和实施方案中,疾病或状态是,例如而不限于,急性或慢性肺疾病如阻塞性疾病(例如,哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、囊性纤维化),间质性肺疾病(例如,先天性肺纤维化、结节病),血管性肺疾病(例如,肺动脉高压),支气管炎,过敏性支气管炎或肺气肿。考虑用本发明实施方案治疗的其它疾病或状态包括,例如而不限于,CNS疾病如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和亨延顿舞蹈病;炎性自身免疫病如多发性硬化、类风湿性关节炎和Crohn病以及其它炎性疾病,如脑缺血、炎性肠病、溃疡性结肠炎和异位性皮炎;骨病如骨质疏松症、骨硬化病和佩吉特病;癌症如弥散性大细胞B细胞淋巴瘤、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、急性淋巴细胞白血病;严重急性呼吸综合征;和早产。可以被治疗或预防的具体疾病或病症包括本文所述和本文引用的参考文献中的那些疾病或病症。
[0049]在涉及本发明化合物以及其应用的一些实施方案中,所述化合物对PDE4B或其同工型,例如PDE4B或PDE4D有特异性。在涉及式I、Ia、Ib、Ic、Id或Ie化合物的方面的一些实施方案中,所述化合物对PDE4B和PDE4D均有特异性,对PDE4B有特异性,或对PDE4D有特异性。这种特异性意味着,与对其它酶的活性相比,该化合物对PDE4B和/或PDE4D具有至少5倍高的活性(优选地至少5、10、20、50或100倍高的活性,或者更高),或者相对于PDE4D,对PDE4B具有至少5倍高的活性,或者相对于PDE4B,对PDE4D具有至少5倍高的活性,其中活性是用合适的试验测定的,例如,本领域技术人员已知的试验或本文所述的任何试验。
[0050]在一些实施方案中,本发明化合物对PDE4B和PDE4D中的至少一个的IC50值在100nM以下、50nM以下、20nM以下、10nM以下、5nM以下或1nM以下,如在被普遍接受的PDE4活性试验中所测定的。在一个实施方案中,式I、Ia、Ib、Ic、Id或Ie化合物对PDE4B的IC50值将是100nM以下、50nM以下、20nM以下、10nM以下、5nM以下或1nM以下。在一个实施方案中,式I、Ia、Ib、Ic、Id或Ie化合物对PDE4D的IC50值将是100nM以下、50nM以下、20nM以下、10nM以下、5nM以下或1nM以下。在一个实施方案中,式I、Ia、Ib、Ic、Id或Ie化合物对PDE4B和PDE4D的IC50值都将是100nM以下、50nM以下、20nM以下、10nM以下、5nM以下或1nM以下。对于上述任何实施方案,进一步地,本发明化合物将是PDE4B或PDE4D的特异性抑制剂,因而对PDE4B和PDE4D中的一个的IC50将低于对PDE4B和PDE4D中的另一个的IC50的至少约5倍、也可以10倍、也可以20倍、也可以50倍、或至少约100倍。
[0051]在本发明的一些实施方案中,对PDE4有活性的式I、Ia、Ib、Ic、Id或Ie化合物也会具有有利的药学性质。在特定实施方案中,有利的药学性质是血清半衰期为2小时以上(也可以为4小时以上、也可以为8小时以上)、水可溶性和口服生物利用度为10%以上(也可以为20%以上)中的任一种或多种。
[0052]对PDE4或其同工型如PDE4B或PDE4D具有活性的式I化合物的鉴定,也提供了用于鉴定或开发对PDE4(或对各种PDE4同工型)具有活性的其它化合物,例如,改进的调节剂的方法,如下实施:确定对PDE4具有活性的式I的多种测试化合物中的任意一种相对于对PDE4具有活性的参照化合物,是否在一种或多种所需药学性质方面提供改进,和在存在这样的化合物的情况下,选择在所需药学性质方面存在改进的化合物,从而提供改进的调节剂。在一些实施方案中,所需药学性质是,对PDE4B的活性是对PDE4D的活性的至少2倍、4倍、6倍、8倍、10倍、20倍、50倍、100倍或100倍以上高。在进一步的实施方案中,所需药学性质是IC50为10μM以下、1μM以下、100nM以下、10nM以下或1nM以下。
[0053]在包括调节剂开发的本发明特定实施方案中,所需药学性质是血清半衰期为2小时以上(或4小时以上或8小时以上)、水溶性和口服生物利用度为10%以上(或口服生物利用度为20%以上)。
[0054]另外,在包括调节剂开发的本发明特定实施方案中,参照化合物是式I的化合物。该过程可以重复多次,即,多轮地制备衍生物和/或选择其它相关化合物和评价相关化合物的这些其它衍生物,例如,1轮、2轮、3轮、4轮、5轮、6轮、7轮、8轮、9轮、10轮或更多轮。
[0055]在其它方面,将有关PDE4B的结构信息,例如,与式I的化合物或式I的分子支架或支架核心关联使用。此外,可以利用有关一种或多种其它PDE的结构信息,例如,PDE5A、PDE4D。
[0056]本发明也提供了开发与PDE4B结合的配体的方法,其中所述方法包括:将与PDE的结合部位结合的一种或多种化合物鉴定为分子支架;确定在与PDE的共晶体中至少一种分子支架的方向;鉴定一种或多种所述分子支架的化学结构,当该分子支架被修饰时,其改变分子支架和PDE之间的结合亲和力或结合特异性或使两者都改变;和合成配体,其中所述分子支架的一种或多种化学结构被修饰,从而提供以改变的结合亲和力或结合特异性或改变的上述两种性质与PDE结合的配体。这种支架可以,例如,是式I的化合物,包括式I中的支架核心,或包括式I中的双环核心。
[0057]在可选的实施方案中,本发明提供了开发或鉴定与PDE4B结合的配体的方法。方法包括:确定在与PDE的共晶体中至少一种分子支架的方向,其中所述分子支架包含在与PDE的结合部位结合的一种或多种化合物中;鉴定一种或多种所述分子支架的化学结构,当该分子支架被修饰时,其改变分子支架和PDE之间的结合亲和力或结合特异性或使两者都改变;和修饰被如此鉴定的化学结构,提供以改变的结合亲和力或结合特异性或改变的上述两种性质与PDE结合的配体。这种支架可以,例如,是式I的化合物,包括式I中的支架核心,或包括式I中的双环核心。
[0058]在一个相关方面,本发明提供了开发特异于PDE4(或PDE4同工型,如PDE4B或PDE4D)的配体的方法,其中所述方法涉及:确定与多种磷酸二酯酶结合的化合物的衍生物对特定的磷酸二酯酶的特异性相对其它磷酸二酯酶而言是否比母体化合物更高。在一个实施方案中,所述多种磷酸二酯酶包括PDE4B和PDE4D。在另一实施方案中,所述多种磷酸二酯酶包括PDE4B和PDE5A。在进一步的实施方案中,与多种磷酸二酯酶结合的化合物结合于PDE4B,其结合亲和力是与所述多种磷酸二酯酶中的任何一种的结合的至少2倍,例如,4倍、6倍、8倍、10倍、20倍、50倍或100倍。在其它实施方案中,结合于多种磷酸二酯酶的化合物结合得弱,其中“弱”表示,所述化合物的IC50为1μM以上,例如,2μM、5μM、10μM、20μM、50μM、100μM、200μM、500μM、1mM或更大。
[0059]在另一方面,本发明提供了获得结合PDE4B的改进配体的方法,其中所述方法涉及:鉴定与特定PDE结合的化合物,确定该化合物是否和一个或多个保守的活性部位残基相互作用,和确定该化合物的衍生物是否以比母体结合化合物更高的亲和力或更高的特异性或两者与该PDE结合。以比母体化合物更高的亲和力或更高的特异性或更高的两者进行结合表明,该衍生物是改进配体。此过程也可以在连续轮的选择和衍生中和/或用多种母体化合物进行,以提供具有改进的配体特性的一种化合物或多种化合物。同样,衍生化合物可以被测试和选择,得到对该PDE的高选择性,或得到对特定靶标集合的交叉反应性,例如,针对包括PDE4B和/或PDE4D的磷酸二酯酶子集。在特定实施方案中,可以应用已知的PDE4B抑制剂,可以开发具有更高亲和力和/或更高特异性的衍生物,其中优选地应用PDE4B和/或PDE4D结构信息;开发出相对于PDE4D而言对PDE4B的更高特异性。
[0060]对于式I,存在着式I描述的多种支架核心。这样的支架核心包括如上文对式I描述的双环核心,其带有如上文描述的取代基A的连接的芳基或杂芳基。因此,对于上述每种双环核心,对于每一A部位,以及对于作为与双环核心连接的A的起始部分的每一芳基或杂芳基,存在相应的支架核心。
[0061]在另一方面,通过从PDE4B结构的电子表示(representation)建立同源模型,也可以用有关PDE4B的结构信息帮助确定另一磷酸二酯酶的结构。随后用这种同源模型等同到其它磷酸二酯酶的结构。
[0062]典型地,建立这样的同源模型涉及:鉴定具有已知结构的已知PDE例如PDE4B和其它感兴趣的磷酸二酯酶(例如,PDE5A)之间的保守氨基酸残基;将已知结构中的多个保守氨基酸的原子坐标转移到另一磷酸二酯酶的相应氨基酸,以提供该磷酸二酯酶的粗略结构;和利用该另一磷酸二酯酶中的剩余氨基酸残基的结构的电子表示构建代表该另一磷酸二酯酶剩余部分的结构。具体而言,对于PDE4B,可以应用表1和表2中的坐标。可以应用在结合部位中的保守残基。
[0063]为了协助开发磷酸二酯酶结构的其它部分,同源模型也可以利用来自磷酸二酯酶的一种或多种晶体的低分辨率x线衍射数据,或者与其拟合,例如,以便帮助连接保守残基和/或更好地指定多肽末端部分的坐标。
[0064]应用的PDE4B结构信息可以是各种不同的变体的,包括全长野生型、天然发生的变体(例如,等位基因变体和剪接变体)、野生型或天然发生变体的截短型变体,和全长或截短的野生型或天然发生变体的突变体(其可以在一个部位或多个部位被突变)。例如,为了提供与各种其它磷酸二酯酶结构更接近的PDE4B结构,可以应用包括在结合部位中的保守残基的突变的突变PDE4B。
[0065]在另一方面,本发明提供了包括PDE4B的晶体形式的晶体,其可以是长度减少的PDE4B,如磷酸二酯酶结构域,例如,其具有表1、表2和表3中描述的原子坐标。该晶体形式可以含有一个或多个重金属原子,例如,用于X线晶体学的原子。该晶体也可以包括共晶体中的结合化合物,例如,与PDE中的一个或多个保守的活性部位残基或者那些残基中的任意两个、任意三个、任意四个、任意五个、任意六个相互作用的结合化合物,并且可以是,例如,已知的PDE抑制剂。这样的PDE晶体可以处于多种环境下,例如,在结晶板中,被安放用于X线晶体学和/或在X线束中。PDE可以是多种形式,例如,野生型、变体、截短型和/或如本文所述的突变形式。
[0066]本发明还提供了PDE4B和PDE4B结合化合物的共晶体,所述PDE4B可以是长度降低的PDE例如磷酸二酯酶结构域。在一些实施方案中,晶体中的结合化合物与一个或多个保守的PDE4B活性部位残基相互作用。有利的是,这样的共晶体具有足够的大小和质量,使得PDE的结构测定可以达到至少3埃、2.5埃、2.0埃、1.8埃、1.7埃、1.5埃、1.4埃、1.3埃或1.2埃。共晶体可以,例如,在结晶板中,被安放用于X线晶体学和/或在X线束中。这样的共晶体是有益的,例如,用于得到有关PDE和结合化合物之间的相互作用的结构信息。
[0067]在特定的实施方案中,结合化合物包含式I中的双环核心或支架核心结构,或者是式I的化合物。
[0068]PDE4B结合化合物可以包括与PDE中的保守的活性部位残基中的至少一个或那些残基中的任意2个、3个、4个、5个或6个相互作用的化合物。与PDE4B结合的示范性化合物包括在本文引用的参考文献中描述的化合物。
[0069]同样地,在其它方面,提供了用于获得PDE4B晶体和共晶体的方法。在一个方面,提供了用于获得PDE4B磷酸二酯酶结构域的晶体的方法,所述方法如下实施:使5-20mg/ml,例如,8-12mg/ml的PDE4B蛋白经受结晶条件,所述结晶条件基本上等价于30%PEG 400、0.2M MgCl2、0.1M Tris pH 8.5、1mM结合化合物,4℃;或者20%PEG 3000、0.2M Ca(OAc)2、0.1M Tris pH 7.0、1mM结合化合物、15.9mg/ml蛋白质,4℃;或1.8M-2.0M硫酸铵、0.1M CAPS pH 10.0-10.5、0.2M硫酸锂。
[0070]可以用筛选试剂盒例如Hampton Research(Riverside,CA)筛选试剂盒1初步鉴定结晶条件。可以选择形成晶体的条件,并根据证明的结晶条件对结晶条件进行优化。为了帮助随后的晶体学研究,可以用硒代甲硫氨酸标记PDE。同样地,如上所述,PDE可以是各种形式的任一种,例如,被截短以提供磷酸二酯酶结构域,可以将其选择为具有各种长度。
[0071]在另一方面,对PDE4B具有活性的化合物(如用本文所述方法开发出的化合物)的鉴定使得能够通过使PDE和与PDE结合并与一个或多个保守活性部位残基相互作用的化合物接触来调节PDE的活性。所提供的化合物优选的水平足以调节PDE的活性至少10%、更优选地至少20%、30%、40%或50%。在许多实施方案中,化合物的浓度将是约1μM、100μM或1mM,或者在1-100nM、100-500nM、500-1000nM、1-100μM、100-500μM或500-1000μM范围内。
[0072]在一个相关方面,本发明提供了治疗患有以异常PDE4活性(例如,异常PDE4B、PDE4D活性)为特征的疾病或状态的对象的方法,其中所述方法涉及,给予对象由本文所述方法鉴定的化合物。
[0073]因为已经开发和分析了PDE4B晶体,并且已经确定了这些晶体中配体的结合模式,本发明的另一方面提供了这些PDEs(其可以是长度降低的PDE)的电子表示,例如,含有相应于表1和表2中列出的PDE4B坐标的PDE4B原子坐标表示的电子表示,或者示意图表示,例如显示二级结构和/或链折叠的示意图表示,也可以显示出保守的活性部位残基。PDE可以是野生型、等位基因变体、突变形式或修饰形式,例如,如本文所述。特别地,PDE可以基本上由PDE4B磷酸二酯酶结构域构成。
[0074]也可以通过用其它残基的电子表示置换特定残基的电子表示来修饰电子表示。因此,例如,通过用不同的氨基酸置换结合部位中的特定保守残基的坐标,可以对含有相应于表1或表2中列出的PDE4B坐标的原子坐标表示的电子表示进行修饰。一种修饰或多种修饰之后,可以调整总体结构的表示,以允许发生已知的相互作用,该相互作用受到该一种修饰或多种修饰的影响。在大多数情况下,涉及多于一个残基的修饰将以交迭方式进行。
[0075]此外,可以包括PDE4B结合化合物或结合部位中的测试化合物的电子表示,例如,不可水解的cAMP类似物或包含西地那非的核心结构的化合物。
[0076]同样地,在一个相关方面,本发明提供部分PDE4B的电子表示,所述部分PDE4B可以是结合部位(其可以是活性部位)或磷酸二酯酶结构域,例如,JC1519的PDE4B残基152-528(SEQ ID NO:1),或本文所述的其它磷酸二酯酶结构域。结合部位或磷酸二酯酶结构域可以以多种方法表示,例如,以结合部位周围的残基的原子坐标表示和/或以结合部位表面轮廓表示,并且可以包括结合部位处的特定残基例如保守残基的结合特性的表示。结合部位优选地包括不多于1个重金属原子;结合化合物或测试化合物例如包含式I的核心结构的化合物可以在结合部位中存在;结合部位可以是野生型、变体、突变体形式或修饰形式的PDE4B的结合部位;电子表示包括保守残基的表示坐标,如在表1或表2中所示。
[0077]在又一方面,PDE4B的结构和序列信息可以被用在另一PDE的同源模型中。对这种模型应用PDE4B的高分辨率结构信息是有用的,例如,至少1.7、1.5、1.4、1.3或1.2埃的分辨率。
[0078]在又一方面,本发明提供了修饰的PDE4B晶体结构的电子表示,其包括基于表1和/或表2中的原子坐标的修饰PDE4B原子坐标的电子表示。在一个示范性实施方案中,通过将保守残基的原子坐标置换为不同氨基酸的原子坐标,可以对列出的一个表的原子坐标进行修饰。修饰可以包括取代、缺失(例如,C端和/或N端缺失)、插入(内部、C端和/或N端)和/或侧链修饰。
[0079]在另一方面,PDE4B结构信息提供了基于PDE4B开发有用的生物试剂的方法,这通过分析PDE4B结构来鉴定用于形成生物试剂的至少一种亚结构来实施。这样的亚结构可以包括用于形成抗体的表位,所述方法包括开发针对所述表位的抗体,例如,通过在哺乳动物如兔、豚鼠、猪、羊或马中注射表位递呈组分(epitopepresenting composition)。亚结构也可以包括突变位点,在该处的突变有望或已知可改变PDE4B的活性,所述方法包括在该位点产生突变。进一步地,所述亚结构可以包括用于连接单独部分(separate moiety)的连接点(attachment point),所述单独部分例如肽、多肽、固相材料(例如,珠子、凝胶、色谱介质、载片、芯片、平板和孔表面)、接头和标签(例如,直接标签如荧光团或间接标签如生物素或特异结合对的另一成员)。所述方法可以包括连接该单独部分。
[0080]在另一方面,本发明提供了用于鉴定潜在的PDE4B结合化合物的方法,这通过在PDE结合部位的电子表示中拟合化合物的至少一种电子表示来实施。结合部位的表示可以是更大部分的PDE分子或整个PDE分子的电子表示的一部分,或者可以仅是催化结构域或结合部位或活性部位的表示。电子表示可以如上所述或如本文所述。对于PDE4B,电子表示包括根据表1和/或表2的坐标的表示(特别是具有与以前提出的PDE4B结构明显不同的坐标的残基)。在一些实施方案中,与PDE4B络合的化合物是不可水解的cGMP类似物。
[0081]在特定实施方案中,方法涉及拟合来自计算机数据库的化合物的计算机表示和PDE活性部位的计算机表示,并涉及去除与PDE分子络合的化合物的计算机表示,和根据有利的几何配合和能量上有利的互补相互作用将最配合活性部位的化合物鉴定为潜在的结合化合物。在特定实施方案中,所述化合物是已知的PDE4B抑制剂,例如,如本文引用的参考文献中所述,或者其衍生物。
[0082]在其它实施方案中,方法涉及修饰与PDE分子络合的化合物的计算机表示,这通过对一个或多个化学基团进行删除和/或添加来实施;拟合来自计算机数据库的化合物的计算机表示和PDE分子活性部位的计算机表示;和根据有利的几何配合和能量上有利的互补相互作用将最配合活性部位的化合物鉴定为潜在的结合化合物。在一些实施方案中,拟合包括确定潜在的结合化合物是否与一个或多个保守PDE4B活性部位残基相互作用。
[0083]在其它实施方案中,方法涉及去除与PDE络合的化合物的计算机表示,和应用化合物搜索计算机程序搜索数据库中与该络合化合物具有结构相似性的化合物或利用化合物构建计算机程序用相似的化学结构置换该络合化合物的一些部分。
[0084]拟合化合物可以包括确定一种化合物是否会与PDE的一个或多个保守的活性部位残基相互作用。选择用于拟合的化合物或者与PDE络合的化合物,例如,可以是已知的PDE4B抑制剂化合物或含有这样的化合物的核心结构的化合物。
[0085]在另一方面,本发明提供了将PDE4B结合化合物连接到连接成分(attachment component)而不实质上改变该结合化合物与PDE4B的结合的方法,以及鉴定PDE4B结合化合物上的连接部位的方法。所述方法涉及为与PDE4B的结合部位结合的结合化合物鉴定用于连接连接成分的能量许可部位;和在该能量许可部位将化合物或其衍生物连接到连接成分。在此上下文中,“实质上改变结合(substantially changing the binding)”是指连接后的IC50的变化为3个对数单位以下,例如,1nM至1μM。在一些实施方案中,结合化合物是式I的化合物。
[0086]连接成分可以包括,例如,用于连接到固相或另一分子或其它部分的接头(包括无痕接头(traceless linkers))。通过在与固相介质连接的接头上合成化合物或衍生物,可以形成这样的连接,例如,在多种化合物的组合合成中。同样地,与固相介质的连接可以提供亲和介质(例如,用于亲和色谱)。
[0087]连接成分也可以包括标签,其可以是直接可检测标签如荧光团,或间接可检测标签如特异结合对的一个成员,例如生物素。
[0088]在一个相关方面,鉴定PDE4B结合化合物上的能量许可部位的能力也提供了带有连接的接头的修饰的结合化合物,所述连接的接头优选地位于能量许可部位以便可以将修饰的化合物结合到PDE4B。接头可以被连接到如上述的连接成分。
[0089]本发明的另一方面提供了修饰的PDE4B多肽,其包括使得修饰的PDE4B比天然PDE4B更加类似于另一磷酸二酯酶的修饰,并且也可以包括其它突变或其它修饰。在各种实施方案中,所述多肽包括全长PDE4B多肽,包括修饰的PDE4B结合部位,包括来自含有保守部位的PDE4B至少20个、30个、40个、50个、60个、70个或80个连续氨基酸残基。
[0090]本发明的又一方面提供了开发磷酸二酯酶的配体的方法,所述磷酸二酯酶包括分别与保守PDE4B活性部位残基的任意1个、2个、3个、4个、5个或6个残基相匹配的保守残基,所述方法通过确定化合物是否结合于磷酸二酯酶并与PDE4B晶体或PDE4B结合模型中的这些活性部位残基相互作用来实施,所述PDE4B晶体或PDE4B结合模型具有在表1和/或表2中的坐标。所述方法也可以包括,确定化合物是否调节磷酸二酯酶的活性。优选地,该磷酸二酯酶与等长的磷酸二酯酶结构域片段具有至少50%、55%、60%或70%的同一性。在一些实施方案中,所述化合物是式I的化合物。
[0091]在又一方面,本发明提供了开发或鉴定磷酸二酯酶的配体的方法,其中所述磷酸二酯酶包括与一个或多个PDE4B活性部位残基相匹配的保守残基。所述方法包括,确定PDE4B结合化合物是否结合于所述磷酸二酯酶,和确定该PDE4B结合化合物是否与晶体结构中的一个或多个保守PDE4B活性部位残基相互作用。在进一步的实施方案中,所述方法包括,确定与磷酸二酯酶结合的PDE4B结合化合物是否与晶体结构中的一个或多个保守PDE4B活性部位残基相互作用。
[0092]在特定实施方案中,“确定”包括在磷酸二酯酶的结合部位中计算机拟合化合物和/或该方法包括形成磷酸二酯酶和化合物的共晶体。可以用这样的共晶体来确定化合物与磷酸二酯酶的结合定向和/或提供关于磷酸二酯酶的结构信息,例如,关于结合部位和相互作用的氨基酸残基的结构信息。这样的结合定向和/或其它结构信息可以应用X线晶体学来完成。
[0093]本发明也提供了结合PDE4B磷酸二酯酶和/或调节(例如抑制)PDE4B磷酸二酯酶活性的化合物,例如,由本文描述的方法鉴定的化合物。因此,在涉及PDE4B结合化合物、分子支架和配体或调节物的本发明方面中,化合物是弱结合化合物;中度结合化合物;强结合化合物;化合物与PDE中的一个或多个保守活性部位残基相互作用;化合物是小分子;化合物与多种不同的磷酸二酯酶(例如,至少2、3、4、5、7、10或更多种不同的磷酸二酯酶)结合。特别地,本发明提供了被鉴定或选择的化合物。
[0094]在又一实施方案中,本发明提供了通过利用特定的差异部位来鉴定在PDE4B和PDE4D之间具有选择性的化合物的方法。所述方法涉及分析化合物是否在PDE4B和PDE4D中在至少一个差异部位有差异性相互作用,其中差异性相互作用提示了这种选择性。差异部位(differential sites)从晶体结构比较中被鉴定。术语“差异部位”是指这样的部位,即位置,其中PDE4B和PDE4D的化学特征与所述化合物差异性地相互作用。本领域技术人员理解术语“化学特征”,其是指负责化学反应性(包括结合)的结构性质和化学性质,包括而不限于,氢键供体或受体、亲水/疏水部位、可正离子化部位、可负离子化部位、电荷密度、电负性和类似性质。
[0095]在特定实施方案中,“分析”包括在PDE4B和PDE4D的结合部位的电子表示中拟合化合物的电子表示,和根据所述拟合确定该化合物是否具有差异性相互作用;所述方法涉及选择与PDE4B和PDE4D都结合的起始化合物,在PDE4B和PDE4D的结合部位的电子表示中拟合该起始化合物的电子表示,对具有与至少差异部位相互作用的至少一个部分的起始化合物的电子表示进行修饰,和确定修饰的化合物是否与PDE4B和PDE4D差异性地结合;修饰的化合物的差异结合比起始化合物具有更高的程度;所述方法也包括分析差异性地相互作用的化合物对PDE4B和PDE4D的差异性活性;起始化合物包括西地那非支架结构;起始化合物可以包括西地那非核心。西地那非是1-[4-乙氧基-3-(6,7-二氢-1-甲基-7-氧代-3-丙基-1H-吡唑并[4,3-d]嘧啶-5-基)苯磺酰]-4-甲基哌嗪。在一些实施方案中,结合化合物是式I的化合物。
[0096]在涉及与结合化合物相关的PDE4B原子坐标的上述各个方面,可以应用表1或表2提供的坐标。随后可以用传统的建模方法调整那些坐标,以便拟合具有不同于西地那非的结构的化合物,因此那些坐标可以用来开发不同于目前描述的PDE4B调节物的PDE4B调节物。可以用本文提供的PDE4B晶体坐标替代以前描述的PDE4B结构坐标,因为目前的结构坐标纠正了以前描述的结构中的明显错误(例如,如图4中的结构覆盖所显示),并且因而更适于PDE4B配体开发和PDE4B结构信息的其它用途,如本文所述的用途。
[0097]通过下面的详细描述和权利要求书,其它方面和实施方案将是明显的。
附图简述
[0098]图1显示了具有表3中的序列的PDE4B磷酸二酯酶结构域的带状图(ribbondiagram)示意性图示。
[0099]图2显示了目前的PDE4B结构和以前报告的PDE4B晶体结构的带状图示的覆盖图(overlay),并显示了明显的结构差异。
优选实施方案的详述
[0100]表1提供了包括残基155-507的人PDE4B磷酸二酯酶结构域的原子坐标。在此表中,各个列的内容如下,从最左一列开始:
原子:指表的行中的相应部分(moiety);
原子编号:指坐标表中的随意的原子编号指定;
原子名称:特定坐标处存在的原子的标识;
链ID:链ID是指晶体中的蛋白质的一个单体,例如,链“A”,或者是指晶体中存在的其它化合物,例如,HOH表示水,L表示配体或结合化合物。蛋白质单体的多个拷贝将具有不同的链Id;
残基编号:链中的氨基酸残基编号;
X,Y,Z:分别是X、Y和Z坐标值;
占有率(Occupancy):描述在晶体中观察到该原子的时间分数。例如,占有率=1意味着,原子在所有时间都存在,占有率=0.5意味着,原子在50%的时间中存在于该位置。
B因子:对原子的热运动的度量;
元素(Element):元素的标识。
[0101]表2提供了PDE4B磷酸二酯酶结构域与4-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶50的共晶体的原子坐标数据。
[0102]表3提供了本文所述研究中应用的PDE4B磷酸二酯酶结构域的氨基酸序列和核酸序列。
[0103]表4显示了PDE4B和PDE4D的磷酸二酯酶结构域的比对,具有可以被开发用来设计选择性配体的3个区域,这用所述区域下的实心正方形表示。
[0104]表5提供了在评价PDE4B或PDE4D的抑制作用的试验中,式I的示范性化合物的活性,如实施例145-147所述。
[0105]如果没有另外指明,如本文所用,应用下列定义:
[0106]“卤(halo)”或“卤素(halogen)”,单独地或联合地,是指所有卤素,即氯(Cl)、氟(F)、溴(Br)或碘(I)。
[0107]“羟基(Hydroxyl)”是指-OH基团。
[0108]“硫醇(Thiol)”或“巯基(mercapto)”是指-SH基团。
[0109]“烷基(Alkyl)”,单独地或联合地,是指衍生于烷烃的基团,含有1至20个碳原子,优选地含有1至15个碳原子(如果没有特别指明)。其为直链烷基或支链烷基,并且包括含有环烷基部分或者被环烷基部分中断的直链烷基或支链烷基。直链烷基或支链烷基在任何可及部位(available point)连接以产生稳定的化合物。其示例包括但不限于,4-(异丙基)-环己基乙基或2-甲基-环丙基戊基。在许多实施方案中,烷基是含有1至15个碳原子、1至8个碳原子、1至6个碳原子、1至4个碳原子或1至2个碳原子的直链烷基或支链烷基,如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、叔丁基和类似烷基。“任选取代的烷基(optionally substitude alkyl)”是指烷基或独立地被1至3个基团或者取代基取代的烷基,所述基团或者取代基选自卤素、羟基、任选取代的低碳烷氧基、任选取代的酰氧基、任选取代的芳氧基、任选取代的杂芳氧基、任选取代的环烷氧基、任选取代的杂环烷氧基、硫醇、任选取代的低碳烷硫基、任选取代的芳硫基、任选取代的杂芳硫基、任选取代的环烷硫基、任选取代的杂环烷硫基、任选取代的烷基亚磺酰基、任选取代的芳基亚磺酰基、任选取代的杂芳基亚磺酰基、任选取代的环烷基亚磺酰基、任选取代的杂环烷基亚磺酰基、任选取代的烷基磺酰基、任选取代的芳基磺酰基、任选取代的杂芳基磺酰基、任选取代的环烷基磺酰基、任选取代的杂环烷基磺酰基、任选取代的氨基、任选取代的酰氨基、任选取代的脒基、任选取代的脲、任选取代的氨基磺酰基、任选取代的烷基磺酰氨基、任选取代的芳基磺酰氨基、任选取代的杂芳基磺酰氨基、任选取代的环烷基磺酰氨基、任选取代的杂环烷基磺酰氨基、任选取代的烷基羰基氨基、任选取代的芳基羰基氨基、任选取代的杂芳基羰基氨基、任选取代的环烷基羰基氨基、任选取代的杂环烷基羰基氨基、任选取代的羧基、任选取代的酰基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的杂芳基、硝基和氰基,它们在任何可及部位连接以产生稳定的化合物。
[0110]“低碳烷基(lower alkyl)”是指具有1-6个碳原子的烷基。“任选取代的低碳烷基(optionally substituted lower alkyl)”是低碳烷基或用1至3个如[0109]中定义的基团或取代基独立取代的低碳烷基,所述基团或取代基在任何可及部位连接以产生稳定的化合物。
[0111]“低碳亚烷基(lower alkylene)”是二价的烷烃衍生的含有1-6个碳原子的基团,是直链或支链的,在其中,从相同的碳原子或不同的碳原子移去两个氢原子。低碳亚烷基的例子包括但不限于-CH2-、-CH2CH2-和-CH2CH(CH3)-。
[0112]“烯基(Alkenyl)”,单独或联合地,是指直链烃、支链烃或环烃,其含有2-20个、优选地2-17个、更优选地2-10个、甚至更优选地2-8个、最优选地2-4个碳原子,并且含有至少一个、优选1-3个、更优选1-2个、最优选一个碳碳双键。在环烯基的情况下,多于一个碳碳双键的共轭不至于为环赋予芳香性。碳碳双键可以被包含在环烷基部分中,例外的是环丙基,或者包含在直链或支链部分中。烯基的例子包括乙烯基、丙烯基、异丙烯基、丁烯基、环己烯基、环己烯基烷基和类似基团。“任选取代的烯基(optionally substituted alkenyl)”是烯基或独立地用1个至3个如[0109]中定义的基团或取代基取代的烯基,所述基团或取代基在任何可及部位连接以产生稳定的化合物。
[0113]“低碳烯基(lower alkenyl)”是含有1-6个碳原子的烯基。“任选取代的低碳烯基(optionally substituted lower alkenyl)”是低碳烯基或独立地用1个至3个如[0109]中定义的基团或取代基取代的低碳烯基,所述基团或取代基在任何可及部位连接以产生稳定的化合物。
[0114]“炔基(Alkynyl)”,单独或联合地,是指直链或支链烃,其含有2-20个、优选2-17个、更优选2-10个、甚至更优选2-8个、最优选2-4个碳原子,含有至少一个、优选一个碳碳三键。炔基的例子包括乙炔基、丙炔基、丁炔基和类似基团。“任选取代的炔基(optionally substituted alkynyl)”是炔基或独立地用1个至3个如[0109]中定义的基团或取代基取代的炔基,所述基团或取代基在任何可及部位连接以产生稳定的化合物。
[0115]“低碳炔基(lower alkynyl)”是含有1-6个碳原子的炔基。“任选取代的低碳炔基(optionally substituted lower alkynyl)”,是低碳炔基或独立地用1个至3个如[0109]中定义的基团或取代基取代的低碳炔基,所述基团或取代基在任何可及部位连接以产生稳定的化合物。
[0116]“烷氧基(Alkoxy)”或“低碳烷氧基(lower alkoxy)表示基团-ORa,其中Ra分别是烷基或低碳烷基。“任选取代的烷氧基(optionally substituted alkoxy)”或“任选取代的低碳烷氧基(optionally substituted lower alkoxy)”是指烷氧基或低碳烷氧基,其中Ra分别是任选取代的烷基或任选取代的低碳烷基。
[0117]“酰氧基(Acyloxy)”是指基团-OC(O)Rb,其中Rb是氢、低碳烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基或杂芳基。“任选取代的酰氧基(optionally substituted acyloxy)”是指酰氧基,其中Rb是氢、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的芳基或任选取代的杂芳基。
[0118]“芳氧基(Aryloxy)”是指基团-ORc,其中Rc是芳基。“任选取代的芳氧基(optionally substituted aryloxy)”是指芳氧基或其中Rc是任选取代的芳基的芳氧基。
[0119]“杂芳氧基(Heteroaryloxy)”是指基团-ORd,其中Rd是杂芳基。“任选取代的杂芳氧基(optionally substituted heteroaryloxy)”是指其中Rd是任选取代的杂芳基的杂芳氧基。
[0120]“环烷氧基(Cycloalkyloxy)”是指基团-ORe,其中Re是环烷基。“任选取代的环烷氧基(Optionally substituted cycloalkyloxy)”是指其中Re是任选取代的环烷基的环烷氧基。
[0121]“杂环烷氧基(Heterocycloalkyloxy)”是指基团-ORf,其中Rf是杂环烷基。“任选取代的杂环烷氧基(Optionally substituted heterocycloalkyloxy)”是指其中Rf是任选取代的杂环烷基的杂环烷氧基。
[0122]“烷硫基(Alkylthio)”或“低碳烷硫基(lower alkylthio)”是指基团-SRg,其中Rg分别是烷基或低碳烷基。“任选取代的烷硫基(optionally substituted alkylthio)”或“任选取代的低碳烷硫基(optionally substituted lower alkylthio)”是指其中Rg分别是任选取代的烷基或任选取代的低碳烷基的烷硫基或低碳烷硫基。
[0123]“芳硫基(Arylthio)”是指基团-SRh,其中Rh是芳基。“任选取代的芳硫基(optionally substituted arylthio)”是指其中Rg是任选取代的芳基的芳硫基。
[0124]“杂芳硫基(Heteroarylthio)”是指基团-SRi,其中Ri是杂芳基。“任选取代的杂芳硫基(optionally substituted heteroarylthio)”是指其中Ri是任选取代的杂芳基的杂芳硫基。
[0125]“环烷硫基(Cycloalkylthio)”是指基团-SRj,其中Rj是环烷基。“任选取代的环烷硫基(optionally substituted cycloalkylthio)”是指其中Rj是任选取代的环烷基的环烷硫基。
[0126]“杂环烷硫基(Heterocycloalkylthio)”是指基团-SRk,其中Rk是杂环烷基。“任选取代的杂环烷硫基(optionally substituted heterocycloalkylthio)”是指其中Rk是任选取代的杂环烷基的杂环烷硫基。
[0127]“酰基(Acyl)”是指基团-C(O)RL,其中RL是氢、低碳烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基或杂芳基。“任选取代的酰基(optionally substituted acyl)”是指,其中RL是氢、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的芳基或任选取代的杂芳基的酰基。
[0128]“任选取代的氨基(optionally substituted amino)”是指基团-NRmRn,其中Rm和Rn独立地是氢、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的杂芳基、任选取代的酰基或任选取代的磺酰基,或者,Rm和Rn与它们与之连接的氮形成5-7元任选取代的杂环烷基或任选取代的杂芳环。
[0129]“任选取代的酰氨基(optionally substituted amido)”是指基团-C(O)NRoRp,其中Ro和Rp独立地是氢、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的芳基或任选取代的杂芳基,或者,Ro和Rp与它们与之连接的氮形成5-7元任选取代的杂环烷基或任选取代的杂芳环。
[0130]“任选取代的脒基(optionally substituted amidino)”是指基团-C(=NRq)NRrRs,其中Rq、Rr和Rs独立地是氢或任选取代的低碳烷基。
[0131]“任选取代的脲(Optionally substituted urea)”表示基团-NRtC(O)NRuRv,其中Rt是氢或任选取代的低碳烷基,Ru和Rv独立地是氢、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的芳基或任选取代的杂芳基,或Ru和Rv与它们与之连接的氮形成5-7元任选取代的杂环烷基或任选取代的杂芳环。
[0132]“任选取代的磺酰基(Optionally substituted sulfonyl)”是指基团-S(O)2Rw,其中Rw是任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的芳基或任选取代的杂芳基。
[0133]“任选取代的氨基磺酰基(Optionally substituted aminosulfonyl)”是指基团-S(O)2NRxRy,其中Rx和Ry独立地是氢、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的芳基或任选取代的杂芳基,或Rx和Ry与它们与之连接的氮形成5-7元任选取代的杂环烷基或任选取代的杂芳环。
[0134]“羧基(Carboxyl)”是指基团-C(O)ORz,其中Rz是氢、低碳烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基或杂芳基。“任选取代的羧基(Optionally substituted carboxyl)”是指羧基,其中Rz是氢、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的芳基或任选取代的杂芳基。
[0135]“芳基(Aryl)”是指含有环系统的芳烃,如苯基或萘基,其可选地与环烷基稠合,所述环烷基优选地具有5-7个环原子,更优选具有5-6个环原子。“任选取代的芳基(Optionally substituted aryl)”是指芳基或用1个至3个如[0109]中定义的基团或取代基、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基或任选取代的低碳炔基取代的芳基,所述基团或取代基在任何可及部位连接以产生稳定的化合物。“取代的芳基(substituted aryl)”是指用1个至3个如[0109]中定义的基团或取代基、或任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基或任选取代的低碳炔基取代的芳基,所述基团或取代基在任何可及部位连接以产生稳定的化合物。
[0136]“芳烷基(Aralkyl)”是指基团-Raa-Ar,其中Ar是芳基,Raa是低碳亚烷基。“任选取代的芳烷基(Optionally substituted aralkyl)”是指芳烷基或其中的低碳亚烷基任选地用1个至3个如[0109]中定义的基团或取代基取代的芳烷基,所述基团或取代基在任何可及部位连接以产生稳定的化合物,或者其中芳基任选地用1个至3个如[0109]中定义的基团或取代基、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基或任选取代的低碳炔基取代的芳烷基,所述基团或取代基在任何可及部位连接以产生稳定的化合物。
[0137]“杂芳基(Heteroaryl)”,单独或联合地,是指含有5或6个环原子的单环芳环结构,或具有8至10个原子的双环芳基,它们含有一个或多个,优选1-4个、更优选1-3个、甚至更优选1-2个杂原子,所述杂原子独立地选自O、S和N。杂芳基也意图包括氧化的S或N,如亚磺酰基、磺酰基和三环氮的N氧化物。碳原子或氮原子是杂芳环结构的连接点,由此保持稳定的芳环。杂芳基的例子包括但不限于吡啶基、哒嗪基、吡嗪基、quinaoxalyl、中氮茚基、苯并[b]噻吩基、喹唑啉基、嘌呤基、吲哚基、喹啉基、嘧啶基、吡咯基、_唑基、噻唑基、噻吩基、异_唑基、_噻二唑基(oxathiadiazolyl)、异噻唑基、四唑基、咪唑基、三嗪基、呋喃基、苯并呋喃基和吲哚基。“任选取代的杂芳基(Optionally substituted heteroaryl)”是指杂芳基或用1个至3个如[0109]中定义的基团或取代基、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基或任选取代的低碳炔基取代的杂芳基,所述基团或取代基在任何可及的碳或氮处连接以产生稳定的化合物。“取代的杂芳基(Substitutedheteraryl)”是指用1个至3个如[0109]中定义的基团或取代基、或任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基或任选取代的低碳炔基取代的杂芳基,所述基团或取代基在任何可及的碳或氮处连接以产生稳定的化合物。
[0138]“杂芳烷基(Heteroaralkyl)”是指基团-Rbb-HetAr,其中HetAr是杂芳基,Rbb是低碳亚烷基。“任选取代的杂芳烷基(Optionally substituted heteroaralkyl)”是指杂芳烷基或其中的低碳亚烷基任选地用1个至3个如[0109]中定义的基团或取代基取代的杂芳烷基,所述基团或取代基在任何可及部位连接以产生稳定的化合物,或者其中杂芳基任选地用1个至3个如[0109]中定义的基团或取代基、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基或任选取代的低碳炔基取代的杂芳烷基,所述基团或取代基在任何可及部位连接以产生稳定的化合物。
[0139]“环烷基(Cycloalkyl)”是指饱和或不饱和的非芳族单环、双环或三环碳环系统,每个环中的环原子数是3-8个、更优选3-6个,如环丙基、环戊基、环己基、金刚烷基和类似基团。“任选取代的环烷基(Optionally substituted cycloalkyl)”是指环烷基或用1个至3个如[0109]中定义的基团或取代基、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基或任选取代的低碳炔基取代的环烷基,所述基团或取代基在任何可及的碳或氮处连接以产生稳定的化合物。
[0140]“环烷基烷基(Cycloalkylalkyl)”是指基团-Rcc-Cyc,其中Cyc是环烷基,Rcc是低碳亚烷基。“任选取代的环烷基烷基(Optionally substituted cycloalkylalkyl)”是指环烷基烷基或其中的低碳亚烷基任选地用1个至3个如[0109]中定义的基团或取代基取代的环烷基烷基,所述基团或取代基在任何可及部位连接以产生稳定的化合物,或者其中环烷基任选地用1个至3个如[0109]中定义的基团或取代基、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基或任选取代的低碳炔基取代的环烷基烷基,所述基团或取代基在任何可及部位连接以产生稳定的化合物。
[0141]“杂环烷基(Heterocycloalkyl)”是指饱和或不饱和的非芳族环烷基,其具有5至10个原子,其中环中的1至3个碳原子被杂原子O、S或N替代,并且任选地与苯或5-6个环原子的杂芳基稠合。杂环烷基也意图包括氧化的S或N,如亚磺酰基、磺酰基和三环氮的N氧化物。杂环烷基环的连接点是碳原子或氮原子,由此保持稳定的环。杂环烷基的例子包括但不限于吗啉基、四氢呋喃基、二氢吡啶基、哌啶基、吡咯烷基、哌嗪基、二氢苯并呋喃基和二氢吲哚基。“任选取代的杂环烷基(Optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl)”是指杂环烷基或任选地由1个至3个如[0109]中定义的基团或取代基、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基或任选取代的低碳炔基取代的杂环烷基,所述基团或取代基在任何可及的碳或氮处连接以产生稳定的化合物。
[0142]“杂环烷基烷基(Heterocycloalkylalkyl)”是指基团-Rdd-Het,其中Het是杂环烷基,Rdd是低碳亚烷基。“任选取代的杂环烷基烷基(Optionally substitutedheterocycloalkylalkyl)”是指杂环烷基烷基或其中的低碳亚烷基任选地用1个至3个如[0109]中定义的基团或取代基取代的杂环烷基烷基,所述基团或取代基在任何可及部位连接以产生稳定的化合物,或者其中杂环烷基任选地用1个至3个如[0109]中定义的基团或取代基、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基或任选取代的低碳炔基取代的杂环烷基烷基,所述基团或取代基在任何可及部位连接以产生稳定的化合物。
[0143]“任选取代的烷基亚磺酰基(Optionally substituted alkylsulfinyl)”是指基团-S(O)-Ree,其中Ree是任选取代的低碳烷基。
[0144]“任选取代的芳基亚磺酰基(Optionally substituted arylsulfinyl)”是指基团-S(O)-Rff,其中Rff是任选取代的芳基。
[0145]“任选取代的杂芳基亚磺酰基(Optionally substituted heteroarylsulfinyl)”是指基团-S(O)-Rgg,其中Rgg是任选取代的杂芳基。
[0146]“任选取代的环烷基亚磺酰基(Optionally substituted cycloalkylsulfinyl)”是指基团-S(O)-Rhh,其中Rhh是任选取代的环烷基。
[0147]“任选取代的杂环烷基亚磺酰基(Optionally substitutedheterocycloalkylsulfinyl)”是指基团-S(O)-Rii,其中Rii是任选取代的杂环烷基。
[0148]“任选取代的烷基磺酰基(Optionally substituted alkylsulfonyl)”是指基团-S(O)2-Rjj,其中Rjj是任选取代的低碳烷基。
[0149]“任选取代的芳基磺酰基(Optionally substituted arylsulfonyl)”是指基团-S(O)2Rkk,其中Rkk是任选取代的芳基。
[0150]“任选取代的杂芳基磺酰基(Optionally substituted heteroarylsulfonyl)”是指基团-S(O)2RLL,其中RLL是任选取代的杂芳基。
[0151]“任选取代的环烷基磺酰基(Optionally substituted cycloalkylsulfonyl)”是指基团-S(O)2Rmm,其中Rmm是任选取代的环烷基。
[0152]“任选取代的杂环烷基磺酰基(Optionally substitutedheterocycloalkylsulfonyl)”是指基团-S(O)2Rnn,其中Rnn是任选取代的杂环烷基。
[0153]“任选取代的烷基磺酰氨基(Optionally substituted alkylsulfonylamino)”是指基团-NRooS(O)2Rpp,其中Rpp是任选取代的低碳烷基,Roo是氢或任选取代的低碳烷基。
[0154]“任选取代的芳基磺酰氨基(Optionally substituted arylsulfonylamino)”是指基团-NRooS(O)2Rqq,其中Rqq是任选取代的芳基,Roo是氢或任选取代的低碳烷基。
[0155]“任选取代的杂芳基磺酰氨基(Optionally substitutedheteroarylsulfonylamino)”是指基团-NRooS(O)2Rrr,其中Rrr是任选取代的杂芳基,Roo是氢或任选取代的低碳烷基。
[0156]“任选取代的环烷基磺酰氨基(Optionally substitutedcycloalkylsulfonylamino)”是指基团-NRooS(O)2Rss,其中Rss是任选取代的环烷基,Roo是氢或任选取代的低碳烷基。
[0157]“任选取代的杂环烷基磺酰氨基(Optionally substitutedheterocycloalkylsulfonylamino)”是指基团-NRooS(O)2Rtt,其中Rtt是任选取代的杂环烷基,Roo是氢或任选取代的低碳烷基。
[0158]“任选取代的烷基羰基氨基(Optionally substituted alkylcarbonylamino)”是指基团-NRooC(O)Ruu,其中Ruu是任选取代的低碳烷基,Roo是氢或任选取代的低碳烷基。
[0159]“任选取代的芳基羰基氨基(Optionally substituted arylcarbonylamino)”是指基团-NRooC(O)Rvv,其中Rvv是任选取代的芳基,Roo是氢或任选取代的低碳烷基。
[0160]“任选取代的杂芳基羰基氨基(Optionally substitutedheteroarylcarbonylamino)”是指基团-NRooC(O)Rww,其中Rww是任选取代的杂芳基,Roo是氢或任选取代的低碳烷基。
[0161]“任选取代的环烷基羰基氨基(Optionally substitutedcycloalkylcarbonylamino)”是指基团-NRooC(O)Rxx,其中Rxx是任选取代的环烷基,Roo是氢或任选取代的低碳烷基。
[0162]“任选取代的杂环烷基羰基氨基(Optionally substitutedheterocycloalkylcarbonylamino)”是指基团-NRooC(O)Ryy,其中Ryy是任选取代的杂环烷基,Roo是氢或任选取代的低碳烷基。
[0163]如本文所用,术语“组合物(composition)”和“药物组合物(pharmaceuticalcomposition)”是指含有治疗上显著量的活性药剂的制备物,其以适于给予患者的形式被制备。因此,所述制备物不含有这样量的任何一种组分或多种组分,即,适当谨慎的医疗实施者发现所述制备物不适于给予普通对象。在许多情况下,这种药物组合物是无菌制备物。
[0164]如本文中有关PDE4调节化合物、结合化合物或配体所用,术语“对PDE4磷酸二酯酶具有特异性”、“对PDE4具有特异性”和类似意义的术语是指,特定化合物与PDE4的结合达到了在统计学上比其与可能在特定生物体中存在的其它磷酸二酯酶的结合更高的程度,例如,至少2、3、4、5、10、20、50、100或1000倍。而且,在说明除结合之外的生物活性时,术语“对PDE4具有特异性”表明,与结合其它磷酸二酯酶(例如,处于所指出的结合特异性的水平)相比,特定化合物具有更高的与结合PDE4相关的生物活性。优选地,所述特异性也针对可能在生物体中存在的其它生物分子(不限于磷酸二酯酶)而言。这样的结合和/或活性特异性可以是针对PDE4同工型,例如,PDE4A、PDE4B、PDE4C、PDE4D,因而所述特异性也针对其它PDE4同工型。在与PDE4相互作用的配体的上下文中,术语“对…的活性(activity on)”、“针对…的活性(activity toward)”和类似术语是指,这种配体对一种或多种PDE4的IC50为10μM以下、1μM以下、100nM以下、50nM以下、20nM以下、10nM以下、5nM以下或1nM以下,如在普遍被接受的PDE4活性试验中所确定的。
[0165]如本文所用,术语“PDE4介导的(PDE4-mediated)”疾病或状态和类似术语是指疾病或状态,其中PDE4的生物学功能影响疾病或状态的进展和/或过程,和/或其中对PDE4的调节改变了疾病或状态的进展、过程和/或症状。相似地,短语“PDE4调节提供了治疗益处(PDE4 modulation provides a therapeutic benefit)”是指,对对象中的PDE4活性水平进行的调节表明,这种调节减轻疾病的严重程度和/或持续时间,降低疾病或状态发生的可能性或延迟疾病或状态的发生,和/或引起疾病或状态的一种或多种症状的改善。在一些情况下,所述疾病或状态可以由PDE4同工型中的一种例如PDE4B、PDE4C或PDE4D介导。
[0166]在本文中,术语“治疗上有效(therapeutically effective)”表明,物质或物质的量有效地预防、缓解或改善疾病或医学状态的一种或多种症状,和/或延长被治疗对象的存活。
[0167]术语“药学上可接受的”是指,所指的物质不具有如下性质:当考虑到待治疗的疾病或状态和各自的给予途径时,所述性质会使得适当谨慎的医疗实施者避免向患者给予所述物质。例如,通常需要这样的物质是基本无菌的,例如,用于注射。
[0168]术语“药学上可接受的代谢物”是指药学上可接受的产物,其可以是活性产物,通过特定化合物(或其盐)在对象或患者体内的代谢而产生。应用本领域已知的常规技术,可以鉴定化合物的代谢产物,利用试验如本文所述的试验,可以确定它们的活性。例如,在一些化合物中,一个或多个烷氧基可以被代谢为羟基,同时保持药学活性,和/或羧基可以被酯化,例如,葡糖醛酸化(glucuronidation)。在一些情况下,可以存在一种以上的代谢产物,其中中间代谢产物被进一步代谢,得到活性代谢产物。例如,在一些情况下,从代谢性葡糖醛酸化作用得到的衍生化合物可以没有活性或活性低,其可以被进一步代谢,得到活性代谢产物。
[0169]“药学上可接受的盐”意图指代盐,其保持特定化合物的游离酸和碱的生物有效性,并且不是生物学上或其它方面不可接受的。本发明化合物可以含有足够酸性的官能团、足够碱性的官能团、或上述两种官能团,因而可以与许多无机或有机碱以及无机和有机酸中的任一种发生反应,形成药学上可接受的盐。示范性的药学上可接受的盐包括通过本发明化合物与无机酸或有机酸或无机碱的反应而制备的那些盐,例如盐,包括钠盐、氯化物、硫酸盐、焦硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐(bisulfites)、磷酸盐、磷酸一氢盐、磷酸二氢盐、偏磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、癸酸盐、辛酸盐、丙烯酸盐、甲酸盐、异丁酸盐、己酸盐、庚酸盐、丙炔酸盐、草酸盐、丙二酸盐、琥珀酸盐、辛二酸盐、癸二酸盐、延胡索酸盐、马来酸盐、丁炔-1,4二酸盐(dioates)、己炔-1,6-二酸盐、苯甲酸盐、氯代苯甲酸盐、甲基苯甲酸盐、二硝基苯甲酸盐、羟基苯甲酸盐、甲氧基苯甲酸盐、邻苯二甲酸盐、磺酸盐、二甲苯磺酸盐、苯乙酸盐、苯丙酸盐、苯丁酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乳酸盐、γ羟基丁酸盐、乙醇酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲烷-磺酸盐、丙烷磺酸盐、萘-1-磺酸盐、萘-2-磺酸盐和扁桃酸盐。
[0170]术语“PDE4B磷酸二酯酶(PDE4B phosphodiesterase)”和“PDE4B”是指具有酶活性的磷酸二酯酶,其含有与如表4所示的天然PDE4B的GenBank多肽序列JC1519(SEQ ID NO:1)的氨基酸残基152-528(S152-S528)具有90%以上的氨基酸序列同一性的部分,所述同一性是对于在等长片段的最大比对而言的;或者含有保持天然PDE4B配体结合性、与天然PDE4B JC1519的氨基酸残基152-528的至少200个连续氨基酸具有90%以上的氨基酸序列同一性的部分。优选地,所述序列同一性是至少95%、97%、98%、99%或甚至100%。优选地,所述序列同一性的指定水平是在至少300个连续氨基酸残基长度的序列内。JC1519(SEQ ID NO:1)的氨基酸残基152-528所表示的序列也可以作为NP_002591(SEQ ID NO:3,由NM_002600,SEQ ID NO:4编码)的S324至S700、AAB96381(SEQ ID NO:5)的S309至S685和AAA35643(SEQ ID NO:6)的S194至S570得到。因此,在列出的序列之一中鉴定出的氨基酸残基也可以被表示为任何其它列出的序列或其它匹配序列中的匹配氨基酸残基。
[0171]术语“PDE4B磷酸二酯酶结构域(PDE4B phosphodiesterase domain)”是指减少长度的PDE4B(即,比全长PDE4B短至少100个氨基酸),其包含PDE4B中的磷酸二酯酶催化区域。在本发明的应用中高度优选的是,磷酸二酯酶结构域保留有磷酸二酯酶活性,优选地与天然PDE4B相比,保留有磷酸二酯酶活性水平的至少50%,更优选地保留有天然活性的至少60%、70%、80%、90%或100%。
[0172]如本文所用,术语“配体(ligand)”和“调节剂(modulator)”等价应用,是指调节靶标生物分子活性的化合物,靶标生物分子例如酶,如激酶或磷酸二酯酶。一般而言,配体或调节剂将是小分子,其中“小分子”是指分子量为1500道尔顿或更低、或者优选地1000道尔顿或更低、800道尔顿或更低、或600道尔顿或更低的化合物。因此,“改进的配体(improved ligand)”是拥有比参照化合物更好的药学性质和/或药物动力学性质的配体,其中“更好”可以针对特定生物系统或治疗用途由人来限定。就从支架开发配体的情况而言,配体是支架的衍生物。
[0173]在结合化合物、分子支架和配体的上下文中,术语“衍生物(derivative)”或“衍生化合物(derivative compound)”是指具有下述化学结构的化合物,所述化学结构含有与母体化合物或参照化合物相同的核心化学结构,但是由于具有至少一个结构差异而不同于母体化合物或参照化合物,例如,一个或多个取代基被添加和/或去除和/或取代,和/或一个或多个原子用不同原子取代。如果没有明确的相反说明,术语“衍生物”不是指,该衍生物是用母体化合物作为起始物质或中间体合成的,虽然在一些情况下,衍生物可以从母体合成。
[0174]因此,术语“母体化合物(parent compound)”是指相对于另一化合物的参照化合物,其具有衍生化合物中保留下来的结构特征。母体化合物常常但不是总是具有比衍生物简单的化学结构。
[0175]“化学结构(chemical structure)”或“化学亚结构(chemical substructure)”是指构成分子的一部分的任何可定义的原子或原子团。通常地,支架或配体的化学亚结构可以在将该支架或配体结合到靶标分子中起作用,或者可以影响该支架或配体的三维形状、静电电荷和/或构象性质。
[0176]与靶标和潜在的结合化合物之间的相互作用相关的术语“结合(binds)”是指,与和蛋白质的一般结合(即,非特异性结合)相比,潜在的结合化合物与靶标的结合达到统计学上显著的程度。因此,术语“结合化合物(binding compound)”是指与靶标分子有统计学上显著的结合的化合物。优选地,结合化合物与指定的靶标相互作用,解离常数(kd)是1mM或更低。结合化合物可以以“低亲和力”、“很低的亲和力”、“极低亲和力”、“中度亲和力”、“适度高的亲和力”或“高亲和力”进行结合,如本文所述。
[0177]在化合物与靶标结合的上下文中,术语“更高的亲和力(greater affinity)”表明,该化合物比参照化合物或比参照条件下的相同化合物结合得更加紧密,即,具有更低的解离常数。在特定实施方案中,更高的亲和力是至少2、3、4、5、8、10、50、100、200、400、500、1000或10,000倍高的亲和力。
[0178]同时,在化合物与生物分子靶标结合的上下文中,术语“更高的特异性(greater specificity)”表明,一种化合物与指定靶标的结合程度比与可以在相关结合条件下存在的另一种生物分子或多种生物分子的结合程度更高,其中结合至这样的其它生物分子产生与结合至指定靶标不同的生物活性。典型地,特异性是针对限定组的其它生物分子而言的,例如,在PDE4B的情况下,是针对其它磷酸二酯酶(例如PDE5A)或者其它PDE4同工型(例如,PDE4D)或者甚至其它类型的酶而言的。在特定实施方案中,更高的特异性是至少2、3、4、5、8、10、50、100、200、400、500或1000倍的特异性。
[0179]正如有关化合物与靶标的结合中所用,术语“相互作用(interact)”表明,从结合化合物到特定氨基酸残基的距离将是5.0埃或更近。在特定实施方案中,从化合物到特定氨基酸残基的距离是4.5埃或更近、4.0埃或更近、或3.5埃或更近。此距离可以例如应用共晶体学被确定,或者应用对活性部位中的化合物的计算机拟合进行估计。
[0180]对PDE4B多肽中特定氨基酸残基的残基编号的提及是由对应于NCBI蛋白质序列登记号JC1519(SEQ ID NO:1)的编号定义的,例如,如在McLaughlin et al.,J.Biol.Chem.268(9),6470-6476(1993);Obernolte et al.,Gene 129(2),239-247(1993)和Bolger et al.,Mol.Cell.Biol.13(10),6558-6571(1993)中所述。如上所指出,也可以用来自其它匹配PDE4B序列的可选择的编号。
[0181]“分子支架(molecular scaffold)”或“支架(scaffold)”是指简单的靶结合分子,可以对其进行一个或多个额外的化学部分的共价连接、修饰或消除,以形成具有共同结构要素的多个分子。所述部分可以包括但不限于卤素原子、羟基、甲基、硝基、羧基或任意其它类型的分子基团,包括但不限于在本申请中陈述的那些。分子支架与至少一个靶标分子结合,优选地与蛋白质家族中的多个分子结合,靶标分子可以优选地是酶、受体或其它蛋白质。支架的优选特性可以包括,在靶标分子结合部位结合,以使得支架上的一个或多个取代基被置于靶标分子结合部位的结合口袋中;具有可以被化学修饰的化学上易处理的结构,特别是通过合成反应进行修饰,由此可以容易地构建组合文库;具有部分(moieties)可以被连接的化学部位,其不干扰支架与蛋白结合部位的结合,使得支架或文库成员可以被修饰,形成配体,以得到附加的所需特性,例如,能够使配体活性地转运到细胞和/或特定器官中,或者能够使配体被连接到色谱柱,用于进一步分析。因此,分子支架是在被修饰以改进结合亲和力和/或特异性或其它药学性质之前被鉴定的靶标结合分子。
[0182]术语“支架核心(scaffold core)”是指可以在其上连接多种取代基的分子支架核心结构。因此,对于特定化学类型的大量支架分子,支架核心是所有支架分子共有的。在许多情况下,支架核心由一个或多个环结构组成或包括一个或多个环结构。
[0183]“结合部位(binding site)”是指,配体可以与其非共价结合的靶标分子的区域。结合部位表现出特定形状,并且在结合部位中通常含有多个结合口袋。所述特定形状在一类分子中通常是保守的,例如在一个分子家族中通常是保守的。属于一类的结合部位也可以含有保守结构如,例如,化学部分、存在结合口袋,和/或在结合部位或结合部位的某些部分存在静电电荷,所有这些都可以影响结合部位的形状。
[0184]“结合口袋(binding pocket)”是指结合部位中的特定容积。结合口袋通常可以是结合部位中的特定形状、凹穴或腔。结合口袋可以包含在非共价结合另一分子中具有重要性的特定化学基团或结构,如,例如,有助于分子间的离子键、氢键或范德华相互作用的基团。
[0185]在提及与靶标分子结合的结合化合物时,“方向(orientation)”是指结合化合物(其可以参考其组成原子中的至少一些来限定)与结合口袋和/或至少部分地限定结合口袋的靶标分子原子的空间关系。
[0186]在本发明中的靶标分子的上下文中,术语“晶体(crystal)”是指适于X线晶体分析法的类型的靶标分子规则集聚。即,当用X线束照射时,该集聚产生X线衍射图。因此,晶体与不产生衍射图的靶标分子的凝聚或其它复合体不同。
[0187]“共晶体(co-crystal)”指与靶标分子非共价结合的化合物、分子支架或配体的复合物,并且以适于用X线晶体学或蛋白质晶体学分析的晶体形式存在。在优选实施方案中,靶标分子-配体复合物可以是蛋白质-配体复合物。
[0188]短语“改变结合亲和力或结合特异性(alter the binding affinity or bindingspecificity)”分别是指,改变第一化合物对另一化合物的结合常数,或与第一化合物对第三化合物的结合水平相比,改变第一化合物对第二化合物的结合水平。例如,如果与化合物对不相关蛋白质的结合相比,所述化合物与特定蛋白质结合的相对水平增加,则该化合物对该特定蛋白质的结合特异性增加。
[0189]如本文中有关测试化合物、结合化合物和调节剂(配体)所用,术语“合成(synthesizing)”和类似术语是指从一种或多种前体物质进行的化学合成。
[0190]短语“分子支架的化学结构被修饰(chemical structure of the molecularscaffold is modified)”是指,衍生物分子具有不同于分子支架但是仍然含有共同核心化学结构特征的化学结构。该短语不一定是指将分子支架用作衍生物合成中的前体。
[0191]“分析试验(assaying)”是指创造实验条件和收集有关实验条件的具体结果的数据。例如,可以基于酶作用于可检测底物的能力对其进行分析。可以基于化合物或配体与一种特定靶标分子或多种分子结合的能力对其进行分析。
[0192]化合物的“组(set)”是指化合物的集合。化合物可以在结构上相关或可以在结构上不相关。
[0193]如本文所用,术语“调节(modulating)”或“调节(modulate)”是指改变生物学活性,特别是与特定生物分子例如PDE4或其同工型例如PDE4B相关的生物学活性的效应。例如,特定生物分子的激动剂或拮抗剂调节该生物分子例如酶的活性。
[0194]术语“PDE4活性”是指PDE4的生物学活性,特别包括磷酸二酯酶活性。类似术语适用于特定的PDE4同工型,例如,PDE4A、PDE4B、PDE4C和PDE4D。
[0195]在应用、测试或筛选化合物—所述化合物是调节剂或可能是调节剂—的上下文中,术语“接触(contacting)”是指,使所述化合物充分接近特定分子、复合物、细胞、组织、生物体或其它指定物质,所述化合物和其它指定物质之间可能发生潜在的结合相互作用和/或化学反应。
I.概述
[0196]本发明提供了作为PDE4B抑制剂的通式化合物,和应用PDE4B磷酸二酯酶结构、结构信息和相关组分来开发具有那些调节PDE4B磷酸二酯酶活性的结构的改进化合物的方法。
[0197]许多专利出版物涉及PDE4抑制剂和它们的应用。大多数这些出版物着眼于PDE4D。例如,Marfat等的美国专利6,559,168描述了PDE4抑制剂,特别是PDE4D抑制剂,并且引用了描述其它PDE4抑制剂的其它专利出版物。这样的其它出版物包括Marfat等,WO 98/45268;Saccoomano等,美国专利4,861,891;Pon,美国专利5,922,557;和Eggleston,WO 99/20625。
[0198]Ait Ikhlef等,美国专利出版物20030064374,申请号10/983,754描述了对PDE4B具有活性的化合物和它们在治疗神经毒性中的应用,包括在神经变性疾病如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、多发性硬化、亨延顿舞蹈病和脑缺血的治疗中的应用。
[0199]所有上述引用的参考文献以整体并入本文作为参考,包括对抑制剂及其应用的描述以及对分析试验、合成、鉴定和制备PDEs和衍生物的描述,但不限于这些描述。
与PDE4B相关的示范性疾病
[0200]对PDE4B的调节已被关联到对许多不同疾病和状态的治疗。许多专利出版物描述了PDE4抑制剂和它们的应用。大多数这些出版物着眼于PDE4D。例如,Marfat等的美国专利6,559,168描述了PDE4抑制剂,特别是PDE4D抑制剂,并且引用了描述其它PDE4抑制剂的其它专利出版物。这样的其它出版物包括Marfat等,WO 98/45268;Saccoomano等,美国专利4,861,891;Pon,美国专利5,922,557;和Eggleston,WO 99/20625。
[0201]Ait Ikhlef等,美国专利出版物20030064374,申请号10/983,754描述了对PDE4B具有活性的化合物和它们在治疗神经毒性中的应用,包括在神经变性疾病如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、多发性硬化、亨延顿舞蹈病和脑缺血的治疗中的应用。
[0202]因此,可以将PDE4B调节剂用于治疗或预防与PDE4特别是PDE4B相关的这些状态。可以被治疗的其它状态包括急性或慢性肺疾病如阻塞性疾病(例如,哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、囊性纤维化),间质性肺疾病(例如,先天性肺纤维化、结节病),血管性肺疾病(例如,肺动脉高压),支气管炎,过敏性支气管炎和肺气肿,但不限于这些。考虑用本发明实施方案治疗的其它疾病或状态包括,例如,CNS疾病如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和亨延顿舞蹈病;炎性自身免疫病如多发性硬化、类风湿性关节炎和Crohn病以及其它炎性疾病,如脑缺血、炎性肠病、溃疡性结肠炎和特应性皮炎;骨病如骨质疏松症、骨硬化病和佩吉特病;癌症如弥散性大细胞B细胞淋巴瘤、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、急性淋巴细胞白血病;严重急性呼吸综合征;和早产,但不限于这些疾病或状态。
II.晶体PDE4B
[0203]晶体PDE4B包括天然晶体、磷酸二酯酶结构域晶体、衍生物晶体和共晶体。天然晶体一般包括基本上纯的多肽,对应于晶体形式的PDE4B。PDE4B磷酸二酯酶结构域晶体一般包括晶体形式的基本上纯的PDE4B磷酸二酯酶结构域。关于PDE4B磷酸二酯酶功能的抑制剂的开发,将PDE4B磷酸二酯酶结构域用于各种结构确定是有利的,因为减少的序列的应用简化了结构确定。为了用于这一目的,磷酸二酯酶结构域应当是有活性的和/或保持天然类型的结合,从而表明磷酸二酯酶结构域具有基本上正常的3D结构。
[0204]应当理解,本发明的晶体磷酸二酯酶和磷酸二酯酶结构域不限于天然发生的或天然的磷酸二酯酶。事实上,本发明的晶体包括天然磷酸二酯酶的突变体的晶体。天然磷酸二酯酶的突变体是通过用不同的氨基酸残基置换天然磷酸二酯酶中的至少一个氨基酸残基,或通过在天然多肽内或天然多肽的N端或C端加入或删除氨基酸残基得到的,并且具有与由其得到突变体的天然磷酸二酯酶基本上相同的三维结构。
[0205]具有基本上相同的三维结构是指具有这样一组原子结构坐标,当其与衍生出突变体的天然磷酸二酯酶的原子结构坐标叠加时,天然磷酸二酯酶结构域的至少约50%至100%的Cα原子被包含在该叠加中,均方根差偏差小于或等于约2_。
[0206]不明显干扰磷酸二酯酶三维结构的氨基酸取代、缺失和添加将部分取决于发生取代、添加或缺失的磷酸二酯酶区域。在分子的高度可变区,非保守性取代以及保守性取代可以被允许而不显著干扰分子的三维结构。在高度保守区域,或含有显著二级结构的区域,优选保守性氨基酸取代。通过PDE4B和其它磷酸二酯酶的序列比对,可以鉴定这样的保守区域和可变区域。
[0207]保守性氨基酸取代是本领域中熟知的,包括在所涉及的氨基酸残基的极性、电荷、溶解性、疏水性、亲水性和/或两亲性质的相似性基础上进行的取代。例如,负电荷氨基酸包括天冬氨酸和谷氨酸;正电荷氨基酸包括赖氨酸和精氨酸;带有具有相似亲水性值的不带电的极性头部基团的氨基酸包括下列:亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸;甘氨酸、丙氨酸;天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺;丝氨酸、苏氨酸;苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸。其它保守性氨基酸置换是本领域中熟知的。
[0208]对于全部或部分通过化学合成得到的磷酸二酯酶,对可以利用进行取代或添加的氨基酸的选择不限于遗传编码的氨基酸。事实上,本文所述的突变体可以包含非遗传编码氨基酸。许多普遍已知的非遗传编码氨基酸的保守性氨基酸取代是本领域中熟知的。其它氨基酸的保守取代可以根据它们与遗传编码氨基酸性质相比较的物理性质确定。
[0209]在一些情况下,对天然磷酸二酯酶取代、缺失和/或添加氨基酸残基可能是特别有益的或方便的,目的是在编码多肽的cDNA中提供方便的克隆位点,以协助多肽的纯化和多肽的结晶。这样的基本上不改变天然磷酸二酯酶结构域的三维结构的取代、缺失和/或添加对本领域普通技术人员将是明显的。
[0210]应该注意,本文考虑的突变体不必都表现出磷酸二酯酶活性。事实上,干扰磷酸二酯酶活性但是不显著改变结构域的三维结构的氨基酸取代、添加或缺失被本发明特别考虑。可以用这样的晶体多肽或从中得到的原子结构坐标来鉴定与天然结构域结合的化合物。这些化合物可以影响天然结构域的活性。
[0211]本发明的衍生晶体可以包括与一个或多个重金属原子共价连接的晶态磷酸二酯酶多肽。多肽可以对应于天然或突变的磷酸二酯酶。通过举例而不是限制的方式,用于提供衍生物晶体的重金属原子包括,金、汞、硒等。
[0212]本发明的共晶体一般包括与一种或多种化合物缔合的晶体磷酸二酯酶结构域多肽。缔合可以是共价的或是非共价的。这样的化合物包括但不限于,辅因子、底物、底物类似物、抑制剂、别构效应物等。
III.应用X射线晶体学测定三维结构
[0213]X射线晶体学是解析分子三维结构的方法。应用晶体作为衍射光栅从X射线衍射图计算出分子的结构。蛋白质分子的三维结构从该蛋白质的浓缩水溶液中生长出的晶体得到。X射线晶体学方法可以包括下列步骤:
(a)合成和分离(或者以其它方式获得)多肽;
(b)在含有调节剂或不合有调节剂的情况下,从含有所述多肽的水溶液中生长出晶体;和
(c)收集来自所述晶体的X线衍射图,确定晶胞大小和对称性,测定电子密度,拟合所述多肽的氨基酸序列和电子密度,和精修该结构。
多肽的生成
[0214]本文所述的天然和突变的磷酸二酯酶多肽可以应用本领域熟知的技术全部或部分地化学合成(参见,例如,Creighton(1983)Biopolymers 22(1):49-58)。
[0215]可选地,可以用本领域技术人员熟知的方法构建含有天然或突变磷酸二酯酶多肽编码序列和合适的转录/翻译控制信号的表达载体。这些方法包括体外重组DNA技术、合成技术和体内重组/遗传重组。参见,例如,在Maniatis,T(1989).Molecular cloning:A laboratory Manual.Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,New York.Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press和Ausubel,F.M.et al.(1994) Current Protocols in Molecular Biology.John Wiley & Sons,Secaucus,N.J.中描述的技术。
[0216]可以利用多种宿主表达载体系统来表达磷酸二酯酶编码序列。这些包括但不限于微生物例如用含有磷酸二酯酶结构域编码序列的重组噬菌体DNA、质粒DNA或黏粒DNA表达载体转化的细菌;用含有磷酸二酯酶结构域编码序列的重组酵母表达载体转化的酵母;用含有磷酸二酯酶结构域编码序列的重组病毒表达载体(例如,杆状病毒)感染的昆虫细胞系统;用含有磷酸二酯酶结构域编码序列的重组病毒表达载体(例如,花椰菜花叶病毒CaMV;烟草花叶病毒TMV)感染的或用含有磷酸二酯酶结构域编码序列的重组质粒表达载体(例如Ti质粒)转化的植物细胞系统;或动物细胞系统。这些系统的表达元件在其强度和特异性方面有所不同。
[0217]取决于所利用的宿主/载体系统,许多合适的转录元件和翻译元件中的任意元件,包括组成型启动子和诱导型启动子,都可以被用在表达载体中。例如,当在细菌系统中进行克隆时,可以应用诱导型启动子如噬菌体λ的pL、plac、ptrp、ptac(ptrp-lac杂合启动子)和类似启动子;当在昆虫细胞系统中进行克隆时,可以应用启动子如杆状病毒多角体蛋白启动子;当在植物细胞系统中进行克隆时,可以应用来自植物细胞基因组的启动子(例如,热激启动子;RUBISCO小亚基的启动子;叶绿素a/b结合蛋白的启动子)或来自植物病毒的启动子(例如,CaMV的35S RNA启动子;TMV的包被蛋白启动子);当在哺乳动物细胞系统中进行克隆时,可以应用来自哺乳动物细胞基因组的启动子(例如,金属硫蛋白启动子)或来自哺乳动物病毒的启动子(例如,腺病毒晚期启动子;天花病毒7.5K启动子);当产生含有多拷贝的磷酸二酯酶结构域DNA的细胞系时,可以应用带有合适的选择性标记的SV4O-、BPV-和EBV-型载体。
[0218]描述DNA操作方法、载体、应用的各种细胞类型、将载体整合入细胞的方法、表达技术、蛋白纯化和分离方法以及蛋白浓缩方法的示范性方法在PCT出版物WO 96/18738中详细公开。该出版物以整体并入本文作为参考,包括任何附图。本领域技术人员将理解,这样的描述可以用于本发明,并且可以容易地对其进行调整。
晶体生长
[0219]通过多种技术,从含有纯化和浓缩多肽的水溶液生长晶体。这些技术包括分批法、液滴法、桥接、透析、蒸汽扩散法和悬滴法。McPherson(1982)John Wiley,New York;McPherson(1990)Eur.J.Biochem.189:1-23;Webber(1991)Adv.ProteinChem.41:1-36,上述被全部引入作为参考,包括所有图、表和附图。
[0220]一般而言,通过向多肽的浓缩溶液中加入沉淀剂来生长本发明的天然晶体。在恰好低于沉淀蛋白质必需的浓度下加入沉淀剂。通过受控制的蒸发去除水,产生沉淀条件,该沉淀条件被保持到晶体生长停止为止。
[0221]对于本发明的晶体,在实施例中描述了示例性结晶条件。本领域普通技术人员将意识到,该示例性结晶条件可以被改变。这样的改变可以被单独或组合使用。另外,可以发现其它结晶条件,例如通过使用结晶筛选板(crystallizationscreening plate)来鉴定这样的其它条件。如果需要提供较大的或较好质量的晶体,则可以最优化这些可选的条件。
[0222]通过将天然晶体浸在含有重金属原子的盐的母液中,可以获得本发明的衍生晶体。已经发现,将天然晶体浸在含有大约0.1mM至大约5mM硫柳汞、4-氯高汞苯甲酸或KAu(CN)2的溶液中大约2hr至大约72hr提供了适合用作测定X射线晶体结构的同晶置换的衍生晶体。
[0223]通过将天然晶体浸在含有结合该磷酸二酯酶的化合物的母液中可以获取本发明的共晶体,或者可以通过在结合化合物存在的情况下共结晶磷酸二酯酶多肽可以获取本发明的共晶体。
[0224]一般而言,使用经鉴定为在没有结合化合物的情况下结晶相应磷酸二酯酶的条件,可以完成磷酸二酯酶与结合化合物的共结晶。如果众多不同的结晶条件被鉴定用于磷酸二酯酶,这是有利的,并且可以试验这些条件,以确定哪个条件产生了最好的共晶体。最优化共结晶的条件也可以是有益的。可选地,可以确定新的结晶条件,用于获得共晶体,例如通过对结晶进行筛选,然后最优化那些条件。在实施例中提供了示例性的共结晶条件。
测定多肽或多肽复合物的晶胞大小和三维结构
[0225]一旦晶体生长,可以将其放置在玻璃毛细管中或其它固定设备(mountingdevice)中,并将其固定到与X射线发生器和X射线检测设备连接的夹具上。X射线衍射图形的收集被本领域技术人员充分记录。例如参见Ducruix and Geige,(1992),IRL Press,Oxford,England,以及其中所引用的参考文献。X射线束进入晶体,然后从晶体衍射。X射线检测设备可以被用于记录从晶体发射的衍射图形。尽管在这些仪器的较老型号上的X射线检测设备是一片膜,而现代的仪器则数字记录了X射线衍射散射。X射线源可以是各种类型的,但有利地,使用高强度源,例如同步加速器束源。
[0226]用于获得肽分子或分子复合物的晶形的三维结构的方法在本领域中是熟知的。例如参见Ducruix and Geige,(1992),IRL Press,Oxford,England,以及其中所引用的参考文献。下面是在从X射线衍射数据测定分子或复合物的三维结构的过程中的步骤。
[0227]在从晶体收集X射线衍射图形之后,可以测定晶体中的晶胞大小和方向。根据衍射发射之间的间隔以及由这些发射而形成的图形可以测定它们。晶胞大小以埃(1_=10-10米)为单位在三维上表征,以及通过每一个顶点上的角度表征。在晶体中的晶胞的对称性也在该阶段被表征。通过鉴定重复图形,在晶体中的晶胞的对称性简化了所收集的数据的复杂性。晶胞对称性和尺寸的应用在下面予以描述。
[0228]每一个衍射图形发射被表征为向量(vector),并且在本方法的该阶段所收集的数据确定了每个向量的振幅。使用多种技术可以测定向量的相位。在一种方法中,重金属原子可以被浸泡在晶体中,该方法被称为同晶置换,通过使用这些重原子作为X射线分析中的参考点,可以测定这些向量的相位。(Otwinowski,(1991),Daresbury,United Kingdom,80-86)。同晶置换法通常利用不止一种重原子衍生物。
[0229]在另一种方法中,来自具有已测定结构的晶体多肽的向量的振幅和相位可以被应用于来自结构未知的晶体多肽的向量的振幅,并继而测定这些向量的相位。该第二种方法被称为分子置换,被用作参比的蛋白质结构必须具有与感兴趣的蛋白质密切相关的结构。(Naraza(1994)Proteins 11:281-296)。因此,来自已知结构的磷酸二酯酶的向量信息,例如在本文中所报告的那些,对具有未知结构的另一种磷酸二酯酶的分子置换分析是有帮助的。
[0230]一旦测定了描述晶体的晶胞的向量的相位,向量振幅和相位、晶胞大小以及晶胞对称性可以被用作傅立叶转换函数中的术语。根据这些测量,傅立叶转换函数计算晶胞中的电子密度。描述晶胞中的分子之一或分子复合物之一的电子密度可以被称为电子密度图。然后,使用各种计算机程序,可以使序列的氨基酸结构或与该晶状多肽络合的化合物的分子结构被拟合到电子密度。所述过程的这一步骤有时被称为模建,并且可以通过使用计算机程序例如Turbo/FRODO或“O”来完成。(Jones(1985)Methods in Enzymology 115:157-171)。
[0231]然后根据与试验测定的电子密度拟合的氨基酸结构,可以计算理论电子密度图。可以相互比较理论电子密度图与试验电子密度图,并且可以通过被称为R因子的参数描述这两种图之间的一致。低R因子值描述了理论与试验电子密度图之间的高度重叠电子密度。
[0232]然后,通过使用精修理论电子密度图的计算机程序最小化R因子。计算机程序例如X-PLOR可以被本领域技术人员用于进行模型精修。(Brünger(1992)Nature 355:472-475.)。可以以迭代法实现精修。第一步可能需要更改在电子密度图中定义的原子的构象。通过模拟温度升高可以改变原子的构象,该温度升高将增加键的振动频率,并且修改原子在结构中的位置。在原子干扰过程中的特定点上,可以将力场应用于原子的系统,该力场一般用允许的键角与键长、范德华相互作用、氢键、离子相互作用和疏水相互作用定义了原子之间的相互作用。可以用自由能来描述有利的相互作用,并且在多次迭代中所述原子可以被移动位置,直到获得自由能最小值。可以迭代该精修过程,直到R因子达到最小值。
[0233]通过以最小R值与理论电子密度拟合的原子来描述分子或分子复合物的三维结构。然后可以建立该三维结构的文件,其通过三维的坐标定义了每个原子。这种结构坐标文件的例子在表1中示出。
IV.PDE4B的结构
[0234]描述了晶状PDE4B磷酸二酯酶结构域和与示例性结合化合物共络合的PDE4B磷酸二酯酶结构域的高分辨率三维结构和原子结构坐标。在实施例中提供可用于获取该结构坐标的方法。在表1中列出了晶状PDE4B磷酸二酯酶结构域的原子结构坐标。共晶体坐标可以以与蛋白质本身的坐标相同的方式被使用,例如用于本文所述的各个方面中,但是它们可能是有利的,因为这样的共晶体显示或证实了结合化合物的结合模式,并且也可以包括响应于存在的结合化合物而发生的蛋白质原子的移动。
[0235]本领域技术人员将意识到,通过X射线晶体分析法所测定的原子结构坐标不是没有误差的。因此,应当理解,一般而言,所获取的PDE的晶体的任何结构坐标组,不管是天然晶体、磷酸二酯酶结构域晶体、衍生晶体或共晶体,当使用骨架原了(N、Cα、C和O),被叠加在本文的坐标表中列出的结构坐标上,具有小于或等于大约1.5_的均方根偏差(“r.m.s.d.”)时,这些结构坐标组被认为是与该表中列出的结构坐标相同,此时至少大约50%至100%的结晶蛋白质骨架原子被包括在该重叠中。
V.晶体和原子结构坐标的应用
[0236]本发明的晶体特别是从那里所获取的原子结构坐标具有广泛的多种用途。例如,在此所述的晶体可以被用作本领域中已知的或后来开发的磷酸二酯酶的使用方法的任何一种中的起点。例如,这样的使用方法包括鉴定与天然或突变的磷酸二酯酶催化结构域结合的分子。作为一种开发新型治疗剂的方法,晶体和结构坐标对鉴定调节磷酸二酯酶活性的配体特别有用。具体而言,晶体和结构信息在使用分子支架的配体开发的方法中是有用的。
[0237]在此所述的结构坐标可以被用作定相模型(phasing model),用于测定另外的磷酸二酯酶的晶体结构,以及这样的磷酸二酯酶与配体例如抑制剂、激动剂、拮抗剂和其它分子的共晶体的结构。结构坐标以及从那里所获取的三维结构的模型也可以被用于帮助阐明天然或突变磷酸二酯酶的基于溶液的结构,例如那些通过NMR所获得的结构。
VI.磷酸二酯酶结构的电子表示
[0238]磷酸二酯酶或部分的磷酸二酯酶(例如磷酸二酯酶活性部位)的结构信息可以以很多不同的方式来呈现。特别有用的是电子表示(electronic representation),因为这样的表示允许快速及方便的数据操作和结构修改。电子表示可以被嵌入许多不同的储存(storage)或存储(memory)介质,经常是计算机可读式介质。例子包括而不限于计算机随机访问存储器(RAM)、软盘、磁盘、磁带(模拟的或数字的)、压缩盘(CD)、光盘、CD-ROM、存储卡、数字视盘(DVD)以及其它。存储介质可以是单独的或是计算机系统的一部分。这样的计算机系统可以是专用的、特殊目的或嵌入的系统,例如构成X射线晶体学系统的一部分的计算机系统,或者可以是通用计算机(其具有与其它设备例如X射线晶体学系统中的传感器件的数据连接)。在许多情况下,由此类电子表示提供的信息电可以被物理呈现,或者以两维或三维方式视觉地呈现在例如纸上,作为视觉展示(例如在计算机监视器上,作为两维或伪三维图像),或者作为三维物理模型。也可以单独使用此类物理表示或结合电子表示使用此类物理表示。示例性的有用的表示包括但不限于下列:
原子坐标表示
[0239]一种类型的表示是呈现在分子结构、部分的结构或复合物(例如共晶体)中的具体原子的位置的原子坐标列表或表格。这样的表示也可以包括另外的信息,例如关于具体坐标的占用(occupancy)的信息。一种这样的原子坐标表示含有电子形式的表1的坐标信息。
能量表面或相互作用的表面的表示
[0240]另一种表示是能量表面表示,例如活性部位或其它结合部位的能量表面表示,其表示电子相互作用和空间相互作用的能量表面。此类这样的表示也可以包括其它特征。一个例子是包括具体氨基酸残基或在具体氨基酸残基上的基团的表示,例如可以参与H键或离子相互作用的残基或基团的表示。使用众多可得的计算机程序的任何一种,从原子坐标表示可以容易地产生此类能量表面表示。
结构表示
[0241]另一种表示是结构表示,即,物理表示或这样的物理表示的电子表示。这样的结构表示包括分子或复合物的具体特征的相对位置的表示,经常是具有结构特征之间的连接。例如,结构可以被这样表示:其中所有原子是连接的;非氢原子是连接的;主链原子是连接的,含有或不含有可能参与重要的电子相互作用的侧链原子的表示;以及其它。然而,并非所有的特征需要被连接。例如,对于分子或复合物的某些部分的结构表示,对该特征重要的结构特征可以被表示(例如,氨基酸残基的原子,其与结合部位上的配体可能具有重要的结合相互作用)。那些氨基酸残基可以不被彼此连接。
[0242]结构表示也可以是示意性图示。例如,示意图可以以图解方式表现二级结构和/或三级结构。具体的氨基酸残基或在残基上的基团可以被包括在多肽的这类示意图中,例如在结合部位中的保守残基和/或可以与结合化合物相互作用的残基或基团可以被包括。例如,使用针对该功能而设计的计算机程序和/或通过基于对另一种形式的结构信息的理解用手动输入而构建电子表示,可以从原子坐标信息产生电子结构表示。可以产生物理表示,例如通过打印由计算机产生的图像的图,或者通过构建3D模型。这种打印的表示的一个例子是图2中所示的带状图。
VII.使用结构坐标对具有未知结构的磷酸二酯酶的结构测定
[0243]使用结构坐标,例如在表1所列出的那些结构坐标,可以测定具有未知结构的磷酸二酯酶的三维结构。下面所述的方法可以将具有已知结构的多肽的结构坐标应用于另一个数据集,例如氨基酸序列、X射线晶体衍射数据或核磁共振(NMR)数据。本发明优选的实施方案涉及测定修饰的磷酸二酯酶、其它天然磷酸二酯酶或相关多肽的三维结构。
利用氨基酸同源性的结构
[0244]同源模拟法(homology modeling)是将已知结构的多肽的结构坐标应用于未知结构的多肽的氨基酸序列的方法。使用多肽或多肽复合物的三维结构的计算机表示、具有已知结构和未知结构的多肽的氨基酸序列的计算机表示以及氨基酸的结构的标准计算机表示完成该方法。同源模拟法一般包括(a)比对具有和没有已知结构的多肽的氨基酸序列;(b)将在已知结构中的保守氨基酸的坐标转移至未知结构的多肽的相应氨基酸;精修得到的三维结构;和(d)构建多肽的剩余部分的结构。本领域普通技术人员将意识到,可以从步骤(a)中的序列比对步骤确定两种蛋白质之间的保守氨基酸。
[0245]上述方法对本领域技术人员而言是熟知的。(Greer(1985)Science 228:1055;Blundell et al.A(1988)Eur J.Biochem.172:513。可以被本领域技术人员使用进行同源模拟法的示例性计算机程序是由Accelerys Inc发布的Insight II建模包中的同源模块。
[0246]通过首先将具有已知结构的多肽的氨基酸序列的计算机表示放置在未知结构的多肽的氨基酸序列上,完成氨基酸序列的比对。然后比较序列中的氨基酸,并将同源的氨基酸组(例如,化学性质—脂族的、芳香的、极性的或带电的—类似的氨基酸侧链)分在一起。该方法将检测多肽的保守区,并且考虑了氨基酸插入或缺失。使用序列比对和分析软件,也可以完全通过计算机化实现这样的比对。
[0247]一旦比对了具有已知和未知结构的多肽的氨基酸序列,则将具有已知结构的多肽的计算机表示中的保守氨基酸的结构转移至其结构是未知的多肽的相应氨基酸。例如,在已知结构的氨基酸序列中的酪氨酸可以被苯丙氨酸取代,其为未知结构的氨基酸序列中的相应的同源氨基酸。
[0248]通过使用标准肽几何学或分子模拟技术,例如分子动力学,位于非保守区中的氨基酸的结构将被人工操作指定。通过使用分子动力学和/或能量最小化精修整个结构,完成该过程中的最后一步。同源模拟法是对于本领域技术人员而言是熟知的,并且已经使用不同的蛋白质分子被实践。例如,对应于丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶肌球蛋白轻链蛋白激酶的催化结构域的多肽的三维结构从cAMP依赖性蛋白激酶催化亚基同源模拟而得。(Knighton et al.(1992)Science 258:130-135.)
使用分子置换的结构
[0249]分子置换是将已知结构的多肽的X射线衍射数据应用于未知序列的多肽的X射线衍射数据的方法。当仅有振幅已知时,可以利用该方法定义描述未知结构的多肽的X射线衍射数据的相位。X-PLOR是普遍被使用的用于进行分子置换的计算机软件包。Brünger(1992)Nature 355:472-475。AMORE是用于分子置换的另一种程序。Navaza(1994)Acta Crystallogr.A50:157-163。优选地,所形成的结构不表现出大于3_的均方根偏差。
[0250]分子置换的目标是通过匹配来自两种晶体的电子衍射数据而比对在晶胞中的原子的位置。程序例如X-PLOR可以包括四个步骤。第一步可以是测定在晶胞中的分子的数目,并且定义它们之间的角度。第二步可以包括旋转衍射数据以定义晶胞中的分子的方向。第三步可以是翻译三维的电子密度,以正确地定位分子在晶胞中的位置。一旦确定了X射线衍射数据的振幅和相位,通过比较从参考数据组实验上计算而得的电子衍射图与从新数据组计算的电子衍射图,可以计算R因子。30-50%之间的R因子表示,在晶胞中的原子的方向通过该方法被合理地确定。在该方法中的第四步可以是通过使用在此所述的且为本领域普通技术人员已知的迭代精修技术(iterative refinement techniques)精修新电子密度图而将R因子减小至大约20%。
利用NMR数据的结构
[0251]由X射线晶体学技术得到的多肽或多肽复合物的结构坐标可以被用于阐明来自核磁共振(NMR)数据的多肽的三维结构。该方法被本领域技术人员使用。(Wuthrich,(1986),John Wiley and Sons,New York:176-199;Pflugrath et al.(1986)J.Mol.Biol.189:383-386;Kline et(1986)J.Mol.Biol.189:377-382)。尽管通过使用二维NMR数据,经常容易地确定多肽的二级结构,然而,各个部分的二级结构之间的空间连接并非是容易确定的。定义由X射线晶体学技术得到的多肽三维结构的坐标可以指导NMR光谱分析人员理解在相关结构的多肽中的二级结构元件之间的这些空间相互作用。
[0252]了解二级结构元件之间的空间相互作用可以极大地简化来自二维NMR试验的核欧沃豪斯效应(NOE)数据。另外,在通过NMR技术确定二级结构之后,应用晶体学坐标只是简化了与在多肽序列中的具体氨基酸有关的NOEs的指定,而不会严重地给多肽结构的NMR分析带来偏差。相反,当确定多肽的二级结构时使用晶体学坐标来简化NOE数据将会使蛋白质结构的NMR分析产生偏差。
VIII.利用结构坐标对磷酸二酯酶功能的调节物的基于结构的设计
[0253]基于结构的调节物设计和鉴定方法是强有力的技术,其可以包括搜索计算机数据库,该数据库含有众多潜在的调节物和化学官能团。调节物的计算机化设计和鉴定是有用的,因为计算机数据库含有比化学文库多的化合物,经常有数量级的差别。关于基于结构的药物设计与鉴定的综述(参见Kuntz et al.(1994),27:117;Guida(1994)Current Opinion in Stuc.Biol.4:777;Colman(1994)CurrentOpinion in Struc.Biol.4:868)。
[0254]由结构坐标定义的多肽的三维结构可以为这些设计方法所用,例如,在表1中的结构坐标。另外,通过在此所述的同源技术、分子置换技术和NMR技术所测定的磷酸二酯酶三维结构也可以被应用于调节物设计与鉴定方法。
[0255]为了鉴定调节物,可以使用天然磷酸二酯酶的结构信息,特别地,使用磷酸二酯酶的活性部位的结构信息。然而,利用来自磷酸二酯酶与一个或多个结合化合物的一种或多种共晶体的结构信息可能是有利的。如果结合化合物具有与试验化合物相同的结构核心也可能是有利的。
通过搜索分子数据库进行的设计
[0256]合理的设计的一种方法是通过对接(docking)分子数据库中的化合物的计算机表示来搜索调节物。公众可得的数据库包括,例如:
a)来自Molecular Designs Limited的ACD
b)来自国家癌症中心(National Cancer Institute)的NCI
c)来自剑桥晶体学数据中心(Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center)的CCDC
d)来自Chemical Abstract Service的CAST
e)来自Derwent Information Limited的Derwent
f)来自Maybridge Chemical Company LTD的Maybridge
g)来自Aldrich Chemical Company的Aldrich
h)来自Chapman & Hall的天然产物目录(Directory of Natural Products)
[0257]一种此类数据库(由Molecular Designs Limited Information Systems发布的ACD)含有合成而得的化合物或为天然产物的化合物。本领域技术人员可利用的方法可以将以二维表示的数据组转化为以三维表示的数据组。通过此类计算机程序如来自Tripos Associates的CONCORD或来自Molecular Simulations Limited的DE-Converter可以实现这些方法。
[0258]基于结构的调节物设计的多种方法是本领域技术人员已知的。(Kuntz et al.,(1982)J.Mol.Biol.162:269;Kuntz et aZ.,(1994),Acc.Chern.Res.27:117;Meng et al.,(1992),J.Compt.Chem.13:505;Bohm,(1994),J.Comp.Aided Molec.Design 8:623。)
[0259]合理的调节物设计领域中的技术人员广泛使用的计算机程序是来自加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校的DOCK。在下面的三个应用中描述了被本计算机程序以及与它类似的程序所利用的一般方法。关于部分这些技术的更详细信息可以在Accelerys User Guide,1995中找到。用于该目的的典型的计算机程序可以执行包括下述步骤或功能的过程:
(a)从蛋白质去除存在的化合物;
(b)使用计算机程序(例如DOCK),或通过交互式地将化合物移动到活性部位中,将另一个化合物的结构对接(dock)到所述活性部位中;
(c)表征化合物与活性部位原子之间的空间;
(d)搜索文库,寻找分子片段,其(i)可以拟合到化合物与活性部位之间的空的空间内,和(ii)可以与化合物连接;和
(e)将上面所发现的片段连接到所述化合物,并评价新的修饰化合物。
[0260](c)部分指的是表征在所述活性部位的原子与所述化合物之间所形成的几何学和互补相互作用。当在化合物与活性部位原子之间共享显著的表面积,而不形成不利的空间相互作用时,可以获得有利的几何拟合。本领域技术人员将注意到,通过忽略(d)部分和(e)部分和筛选许多化合物的数据库可以执行本方法。
[0261]磷酸二酯酶功能的调节物的基于结构的设计和鉴定可以与分析筛选(assayscreening)结合使用。由于可以在数小时或者更少时间内搜索化合物的大型计算机数据库(大约10,000个化合物),所以基于计算机的方法可以缩小试验化合物在生化或细胞试验中作为潜在的磷酸二酯酶功能调节物的范围。
[0262]上面的基于结构的调节物设计的描述并非具有完全包含性,其它方法在文献中被报道并且可以使用,例如:
(1)CAVEAT:Bartlett et al.,(1989),in Chemical and Biological Problems inMolecular Recognition,Roberts,S.M.;Ley,S.V.;Campbell,M.M.eds.;RoyalSociety of Chemistry:Cambridge,pp.182-196。
(2)FLOG:Miller et al.,(1994),J.Comp.Aided Molec.Design 8:153。
(3)PRO Modulator:Clark et al.,(1995),J.Comp.Aided Molec.Design 9:13。
(4)MCSS:and Karplus,(1991),Proteins:Structure,Function,and Genetics 11:29。
(5)AUTODOCK:Goodsell and Olson,(1990),Proteins:Structure,Function,and Genetics 8:195。
(6)GRID:Goodford,(1985),J.Med.Chem.28:849。
通过修饰与PDE4B络合的化合物进行的设计
[0263]鉴定化合物作为潜在调节剂的另一种方法是修饰在多肽活性部位中的现有调节剂。例如,调节剂的计算机表示可以在PDE4B的活性部位的计算机表示中被修饰。例如,可以在Accelerys User Manual,1995 in LUDI中找到有关该技术的详细说明。一般通过删除一个或多个化学基团或者通过添加一个或多个化学基团来修饰调节剂的计算机表示。
[0264]在对化合物进行每一个修饰之后,经修饰的化合物和活性部位的原子可以在构象上被变化,并且可以对调节剂与活性部位原子之间的距离以及在两个分子之间形成的任何互补相互作用进行评分。当获得有利的几何配合和有利的互补相互作用时,评分可以完成。具有有利得分的化合物是潜在的调节剂。
通过修饰与PDE4B结合的化合物的结构进行的设计
[0265]基于结构的调节剂设计的第三个方法是筛选通过调节剂建立或调节剂搜索计算机程序而设计的化合物。在Molecular Simulations Package,Catalyst中可以找到这些类型的程序的例子。关于使用该程序的描述被记录在MolecularSimulations User Guide(1995)中。在该应用中使用的其它计算机程序是来自Molecular Designs Limited的ISIS/HOST、ISIS/BASE、ISIS/DRAW和来自TriposAssociates的UNITY。
[0266]可以在化合物的结构上运行这些程序,该化合物已经从化合物-磷酸二酯酶复合物的三维结构的活性部位中脱离。在这样的化合物上运行程序是优选的,因为该化合物处于生物学上活性的构象。
[0267]构建调节剂的计算机程序是这样的计算机程序,其可以被用于用计算机数据库的基团取代化学基团的计算机表示,所述化学基团是与磷酸二酯酶或其它生物分子络合的化合物中的化学基团。搜索调节剂的计算机程序是可以被用于搜索来自计算机数据库的化合物的计算机表示的计算机程序,所述化合物具有与结合于特定生物分子的化合物相似的三维结构和相似的化学基团。
[0268]通过使用下列一般步骤,典型的程序可以运行:
(a)通过化学特征,例如通过氢键供体或受体、疏水/亲脂部位、可正离子化部位或可负离子化部位,绘制化合物;
(b)对所绘制的特征添加几何约束;和
(c)用在(b)中产生的模型搜索数据库。
[0269]本领域技术人员也将意识到,并非化合物的所有可能化学特征都必须出现在(b)的模型中。人们可以使用该模型的任何亚组(subset)产生不同的模型用于数据库搜索。
使用分子支架进行的调节剂设计
[0270]本发明也可以有利地利用设计可以广泛作用于分子家族的化合物的方法,所述化合物被指定为分子支架,和/或使用分子支架来设计配体的方法,所述配体以那些家族的单独或多个成员为靶标。使用分子支架的此类设计在Hirth和Milburn的美国专利申请10/377,268中得以描述,该申请在此被全部引入作为参考。使用分子支架的此类设计和开发被部分描述如下。
[0271]在优选的实施方案中,分子可以是蛋白质和可以被组装的一组化合物,其具有的性质使得它们1)化学上被设计为对一些蛋白质家族起作用和/或2)表现为更像分子支架,这意味着它们具有使它们特异性结合感兴趣家族中的一种或多种蛋白质的化学亚结构。可选地,可以设计优先对单独的靶分子起作用的分子支架。
[0272]分子支架的有用的化学性质可以包括下列特征中的一种或多种,但并不限于此:平均分子量小于大约350道尔顿,或在大约150至大约350道尔顿之间,或从大约150至大约300道尔顿之间;具有小于3的clogP;可旋转键数目小于4;氢键供体和受体数目低于5或低于4;极性表面积小于50_2;以一个方向在蛋白质结合部位处进行结合,以使来自组合文库的附着于支架的化学取代基可以被伸入到蛋白质结合部位的口袋中;和在其可以被修饰的取代基附着点处具有化学上易处理的结构,因此能够进行快速的文库构建。
[0273]“clog P”是指化合物的计算出的log P,“P”是指辛醇与水之间的分配系数。
[0274]术语“分子极性表面积(Molecular Polar Surface Area(PSA))”指的是在分子中的极性原子(通常是氧、氮和附着的氢)的表面份额(surface contribution)的总和。极性表面积已经显示与药物转运性质例如肠吸收或血脑屏障穿透具有相当关联。
[0275]包括在组合文库中的不同化合物的另外的有用的化学性质包括将化学部分附着于该化合物的能力,这不会干扰所述化合物与至少一种感兴趣的蛋白质的结合,并且对文库成员提供期望的性质,例如,使文库成员被活性转运到细胞和/或感兴趣的器官,或附着于设备的能力,例如附着于层析柱(例如,通过分子例如生物素的链霉抗生物素柱),用于诸如组织和蛋白质组学的谱图表征目的。
[0276]本领域普通技术人员将意识到,也可以以类似的方式搜寻和鉴定其它的性质,以及具有这些性质的化合物,所述性质可以是支架或文库成员期望拥有的,这取决于用途的特定要求。选择化合物进行试验的方法是本领域普通技术人员已知的,例如描述在美国专利6,288,234、6,090,912、5,840,485中的方法和化合物,所述每一个在此被全部引入作为参考,包括所有图表和附图。
[0277]在各种各样的实施方案中,本发明提供了设计与分子家族众多成员结合的配体的方法,其中所述配体含有共同的分子支架。因此,可以测定分析化合物组与分子家族例如蛋白质家族的众多成员的结合。与众多家族成员结合的一个或多个化合物可以被鉴定为分子支架。当在靶分子的结合部位处的支架的方向已经被确定,并且化学上易处理的结构已经被鉴定时,可以用一个或一些分子支架开始合成一组配体,以获得众多配体,其中,每一个配体与分子家族的单独的靶分子结合,其中相对于所述支架具有更改或变化的结合亲和性或结合特异性。因此,基于相同的分子支架,众多的药物前导分子可以被设计为优先以分子家族的单独成员为靶标,并且以特异性的方式对它们起作用。
IX.结合分析
[0278]本发明的方法可以包括能够检测化合物与靶分子的结合的分析试验。此类结合处于统计学上显著的水平,优选具有至少90%的置信水平,更优选至少95%、97%、98%、99%或更大的置信水平,其中试验信号表示与靶分子结合,即不同于背景。优选地,对照被用于区分目标结合与非特异性结合。本发明的测定也可以包括测定与靶分子低亲和性结合的化合物。很多指示结合的试验是已知的,可用于不同的靶类型,并且可以用于本发明。广泛作用于蛋白质家族的化合物不太可能具有针对单独目标的高亲和性,原因在于其广泛的结合本质。因此,在此所述的试验允许鉴定以低亲和性、非常低的亲和性和极低亲和性进行结合的化合物。因此,效价(potency)(或结合亲和性)不是鉴定潜在有用的结合化合物时的第一位的指标,或甚至不是最重要的指标。更确切的是,甚至那些在低亲和性、非常低的亲和性或极低亲和性情况下结合的化合物也可以被考虑为可以继续配体设计过程的下一阶段的分子支架。
[0279]在“低亲和性(low affinity)”下的结合意指在标准条件下与靶分子的结合具有1μM以上的解离常数(kd)。在“非常低亲和性(very low affinity)”下的结合意指在标准条件下具有大约100μM以上的kd的结合。在“极低亲和性(extremelylow affinity)”下的结合意指在标准条件下在大约1mM以上的kd下的结合。“中等亲和性(moderate affinity)”是指在标准条件下具有大约200nM至大约1μM的kd的结合。“适度高亲和性(moderatelyhigh affinity)”是指在大约1nM至大约200nM的kd下的结合。在“高亲和性(high affinity)”下的结合是指在标准条件下在低于大约1nM的kd下的结合。例如,低亲和性结合可以发生,是因为相对于发生较高亲和性结合的情况,与靶分子的结合部位的拟合较差,或者因为导致支架或配体与靶分子的结合部位发生结合的非共价键数量较少或共价键较弱。结合的标准条件是在pH 7.2,在37℃下1小时。例如,100μl/孔可以被用于pH 7.2的HEPES 50mM缓冲液、NaCl 15mM、ATP 2μM和牛血清白蛋白1ugl/孔中,37℃,1小时。
[0280]结合化合物也可以以它们对靶分子的活性的影响来表征。因此,“低活性(low activity)”化合物在标准条件下具有1μM以上的抑制浓度(IC50)或激发浓度(excitation concentration)(EC50)。“非常低的活性(very low activity)”是指在标准条件下100μM以上的IC50或EC50。“极低活性(extremely low activity)”是指在标准条件下1mM以上的IC50或EC50。“中等活性(moderate activity)”是指在标准条件下200nM至1μM的IC50或EC50。“适度高活性(moderately highactivity)”是指1nM至200nM的IC50或EC50。“高活性(high activity)”是指在标准条件下低于1nM的IC50或EC50。IC50(或EC50)被定义为化合物的浓度,在该浓度下,相对于无化合物存在时的活性,被测靶分子(例如酶或其它蛋白质)活性的50%的活性损失(或得到)。使用本领域普通技术人员已知的方法可以测量活性,例如通过测量由酶反应的发生而产生的任何可检测产物或信号,或者通过被测蛋白质的其它活性。
[0281]关于结合试验的“背景信号(background signal)”是指在不存在与靶分子结合的试验化合物、分子支架或配体的情况下,在标准条件下记录的具体测定的信号。本领域普通技术人员将意识到,存在已被接受的方法,它们对测定背景信号而言是广泛可得的。
[0282]“标准差(standard deviation)”是指方差的平方根。方差是分布如何被展开的量度。它被计算为每一个数与其平均值的平方差之平均值。例如,对于数1、2和3,平均数为2,方差为:
σ 2 = ( 1 - 2 ) 2 + ( 2 - 2 ) 2 + ( 3 - 2 ) 2 3 = 0.667
[0283]为了设计或发现对蛋白质家族广泛起作用的支架,可以针对化合物集合或化合物组分析感兴趣的蛋白质。分析试验可以优选是酶试验或结合试验。在一些实施方案中,可以期望的是,提高被筛选化合物的溶解度,然后分析在试验中显示活性的所有化合物,包括那些在低亲和性下结合或者产生具有比背景信号的标准差高约三倍的信号的化合物。分析试验可以是任何合适的试验,例如测量两个结合伴侣之间的结合亲和性的结合试验。可以对本发明的实践有帮助的各种类型的筛选试验在本领域中是已知的,例如那些在美国专利5,763,198、5,747,276、5,877,007、6,243,980、6,294,330和6,294,330中所述的测定,所述每一个在此被全部引入作为参考,包括所有图表和附图。
[0284]在分析试验的各种各样的实施方案中,至少一种化合物、至少大约5%、至少大约10%、至少大约15%、至少大约20%或至少大约25%的化合物可以在低亲和性下结合。一般而言,可达大约20%的化合物可以在筛选试验中显示活性,然后用高通量共晶体法(high-throughput co-crystallography)、计算分析法直接分析这些化合物,以将所述化合物归入具有共同结构性质(例如结构核心和/或形状和极性特征)的组中,并鉴定显示活性的化合物之间的共同化学结构。
[0285]本领域普通技术人员将意识到,决策可以基于适合具体情况需要的标准,并且决策可以通过计算机软件程序作出。可以建立含有几乎任何数目的支架的组,并且所选择的标准可以基于愈加严格的标准,直到对于每组达到被认为是有利的任意数目的支架。
表面等离子共振
[0286]使用表面等离子共振,例如用涂布有固定化结合组分的BIAcore_芯片(Biacore,Japan),可以测量结合参数。表面等离子共振被用于表征sFv或其它配体针对靶分子之间的反应的微观缔合常数和解离常数。在下面的文献中描述了此类方法,这些文献在此被引入作为参考。Vely et al.,(2000)BIAcore_analysis to testphosphopeptide-SH2 domain interactions,Methods in Molecular Biology.121:313-21;Liparoto et al.,(1999)Biosensor analysis of the interleukin-2 receptor complex,Journalof Molecular Recognition.12:316-21;Lipschultz et al.,(2000)Experimental design foranalysis of complex kinetics using surface plasmon resonance,Methods.20(3):310-8;Malmqvist(1999)BIACORE:an affinity biosensor system for characterization ofbiomolecular interactions,Biochemical Society Transactions 27:335-40;Alfthan,(1998)Surface plasmon resonance biosensors as a tool in antibody engineering,Biosensor &Bioelectronics.13:653-63;Fivash et al.,(1998)BIAcore for Macromolecule interaction,Current Opinion in Biotechnology.9:97-101;Price et al.;(1998)Summary report on theISOBM TD-4 Workshop:analysis of 56 monoclonal antibodies against the MUC1mucin.Tumour Biology 19 Suppl 1:1-20;Malmqvist et al,(1997)Biomolecularinteraction analysis:affinity biosensor technologies for functional analysis of proteins,Current Opinion in Chemical Biology.1:378-83;O′Shannessy et al.,(1996)Interpretation of deviations from pseudo-first-order kinetic behavior in thecharacterization of ligand binding by biosensor technology,Analytical Biochemistry.236:275-83;Malmborg et al.,(1995)BIAcore as a tool in antibody engineering,Journal of Immunological Methods,183:7-13;Van Regenmortel,(1994)Use ofbiosensors to characterize recombinant proteins,Developments in BiologicalStandardization.83:143-51;和O′Shannessy,(1994)Determination of kinetic rate andequilibrium binding constants for macromolecular interactions:a critique of the surfaceplasmon resonance literature.Current Opinions in Biotechnology.5:65-71。
[0287]BIAcore_利用表面等离子共振(SPR)的光学性质检测结合于葡聚糖基质的蛋白质浓度的变化,所述葡聚糖基质平放在金/玻璃传感器芯片表面上,即为葡聚糖生物传感器基质。简言之,蛋白质以已知的浓度与葡聚糖基质共价结合,而蛋白质的配体被注入通过葡聚糖基质。定向于传感器芯片表面的相反面的近红外光被反射,并且还在金膜中诱导出消散波,该消散波又引起反射光在特定角度上的强度最低(intensity dip),该角被称为共振角。如果传感器芯片表面的折射率被改变(例如通过与结合蛋白结合的配体),则共振角发生改变。这个角的变化可以被测量,并以共振单位(RUs)表示,1000Rus相当于1ng/mm2的表面蛋白质浓度的变化。沿传感图的y轴,这些变化相对于时间而被显示,所述传感图描述任何生物反应的缔合和解离。
高通量筛选(HTS)分析试验
[0288]HTS一般使用自动化分析来搜索大量化合物寻求期望的活性。一般地,通过筛选作用于特定酶或分子的化学品,HTS分析被用于发现新药。例如,如果化学品钝化酶,它可以证明对预防细胞中引起疾病的过程是有效的。使用机器人处理系统(robotic handling system)和自动化的结果分析,高通量方法使研究人员能够非常迅速地针对每一个靶分子测定数千种不同的化学品。
[0289]如此处所用,“高通量筛选(high throughput screening)”或“HTS”指的是大量化合物(文库)的快速的体外筛选;一般而言为数十至几十万化合物,其中使用机器人筛选分析。超高通量筛选(uHTS)一般指的是被加速为大于每天100,000次检测的高通量筛选。
[0290]为了实现高通量筛选,将样品放置在多容器载体或平台上是有利的。多容器载体有利于同时测定众多候选化合物的反应。多孔微孔板可以被用作载体。此类多孔微孔板以及它们在很多试验中的使用方法在本领域中都是熟知的,并且是商业可得的。
[0291]筛选试验可以包括对照,目的是对试验的组分的适当操作进行校准和确认。含有所有反应物而不含化学文库成员的空白孔通常被包括在内。作为另一个实例,其调节物被寻求的酶的已知抑制剂(或激活剂)可以与试验的一个样品温育,并且在酶活性上产生的减少(或增加)被用作比较(comparator)或对照。应当意识到,调节物也可以与酶激活剂或抑制剂组合,以发现抑制酶活化或酶阻遏的调节物,所述酶活化或阻遏是另外由所述的已知的酶调节物的存在而引起的。同样,当寻找针对鞘脂靶标的配体时,所述靶标的已知配体可以存在于对照/校准试验孔中。
在筛选试验中测量酶反应和结合反应
[0292]测量例如在多容器载体中的酶反应和结合反应进展的技术在本领域是已知的,并且包括但不限于下述。
[0293]分光光度法和分光荧光测定在本领域中是熟知的。此类测定的例子包括使用比色测定来检测过氧化物,如在Gordon,A.J.and Ford,R.A.,(1972) The Chemist′s Companion:A Handbook Of Practical Data,Techniques,And References,John Wiley and Sons,N.Y.,Page 437中所述。
[0294]荧光光谱法可以被用于监测反应产物的产生。荧光方法一般比吸收方法更敏感。荧光探针的使用对于本领域技术人员是已知的。有关综述,参见Bashford etal.,(1987) Spectrophotometry and Spectrofluorometry:A Practical Approach,pp.91-114,IRL Press Ltd.;和Bell,(1981) Spectroscopy In Biochemistry,Vol.pp.155-194,CRC Press。
[0295]在分光荧光法中,酶被暴露于当被靶酶加工时会改变它们的固有荧光的底物。一般地,底物是非荧光的,并且通过一个或多个反应被转化为荧光团。作为一个非限定的例子,使用Amplex_Red试剂(Molecular Probes,Eugene,OR)可以检测SMase活性。为了使用Amplex_Red测量鞘磷脂酶活性,下面的反应发生了。首先,SMase水解鞘磷脂,产生神经酰胺和磷酸胆碱。第二,碱性磷酸酶水解磷酸胆碱产生胆碱。第三,胆碱被胆碱氧化酶氧化为甜菜碱。最后,在辣根过氧物酶存在下,H2O2与Amplex_Red反应生成荧光产物,Resorufin,使用分光荧光法检测其中的信号。
[0296]荧光偏振(FP)基于荧光团的分子旋转速度的降低,这发生在与较大分子例如受体蛋白结合之后,这使得通过结合配体发生偏振荧光发射。在用平面偏振光激发之后,通过测量荧光团发射的垂直和水平分量,FP被经验性地确定。当荧光团的分子旋转减少时,偏振发射增加。当荧光团与较大分子(即受体)结合时,减缓了荧光团的分子旋转,荧光团产生较大的偏振信号。偏振信号的量级与荧光配体结合的程度在数量上相关。因此,“结合”信号的偏振取决于高亲和性结合的保持。
[0297]FP是均相技术,且反应非常迅速,达到平衡需数秒至数分钟。试剂是稳定的,可以制备大批量,这导致高的可重复性。因为这些性质,FP已经证明是高度可自动化的,经常用与单一试剂、预混合的试剂、示踪物-受体试剂的单温育进行。有关综述,参见Owickiet et al.,(1997),Application of Fluorescence PolarizationAssays in High-Throughput Screening,Genetic Engineering News,17:27。
[0298]FP是特别有利的,因为其读数不依赖发射强度(Checovich,W.J.,et al.,(1995)Nature 375:254-256;Dandliker,W.B.,et al.,(1981)Methods in Enzymology 74:3-28),因此对淬灭荧光发射的有色化合物的存在不敏感。FP和FRET(参见下文)非常适合鉴定阻断鞘脂受体与它们的配体之间相互作用的化合物。例如,参见Parker et al.,(2000)Development of high throughput screening assays usingfluorescence polarization:nuclear receptor-ligand-binding and kinase/phosphataseassays,J Biomol Screen 5:77-88。
[0299]可以被用于FP分析中的来自鞘脂的荧光团是商业可得的。例如MolecularProbes(Eugene,OR)目前出售鞘磷脂和一种神经酰胺荧光团。这些分别是N-(4,4-二氟-5,7-二甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮杂-s-indacene-3-戊酰基)鞘氨基(sphingosyl)磷酸胆碱(BODIPY_FL C5-鞘磷脂);N-(4,4-二氟-5,7-二甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮杂-s-indacene-3-十二酰基)鞘氨基磷酸胆碱(BODIPY_FL C12-鞘磷脂);和N-(4,4-二氟-5,7-二甲基-4-硼-3a,4a-二氮杂-s-indacene-3-戊酰基)鞘氨醇(BODIPY_FL C5-神经酰胺)。美国专利4,150,949(庆大霉素的免疫测定(Immunoassay for gentamicin))公开了荧光素标记的庆大霉素,包括荧光素硫代氨基甲酰庆大霉素。使用本领域技术人员熟知的方法,可以制备另外的荧光团。
[0300]示例性的正交偏振荧光读数器包括POLARION_荧光偏振系统(Tecan AG,Hombrechtikon,瑞士)。用于其它分析的普通多孔板读数器是可得的,例如VERSAMAX_读数器和SPECTRAMAX_多孔板分光光度计(均来自MolecularDevices)。
[0301]荧光共振能量转移(FRET)是用于检测相互作用的另一种有用的测定,并且已经被描述。例如参见Heim et al.,(1996)Cur. Biol.6:178-182;Mitra et al.,(1996)Gene 173:13-17;和Selvin et al.,(1995)Meth.Enzymol.246:300-345。FRET检测紧密靠近的两种荧光物质之间的能量转移,其具有已知的激发波长和发射波长。举例来说,蛋白质可以被表达为与绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的融合蛋白。当两种荧光蛋白靠近时,例如当蛋白质与靶分子特异性相互作用时,共振能量可以从一个受激发的分子转移到另一个分子。结果,样品的发射光谱移动了,这可以通过荧光计来测量,例如fMAX多孔荧光计(Molecular Devices,Sunnyvale Calif.)。
[0302]闪烁亲近测定法(SPA)是用于检测与靶分子的相互作用的特别有用的分析方法。SPA被广泛用于制药行业,并且已经被描述(Hanselman et al.,(1997)J.LipidRes.38:2365-2373;Kahl et al.,(1996)in proximity 243:282-283;Undenfriend et al.,(1987)Anal.Biochem.161:494-500)。也可参见美国专利4,626,513和4,568,649和欧洲专利0,154,734。一种商业可得的系统使用了FLASHPLATE_闪烁体包被板(scintillant-coated plates)(NEN Life Science Products,Boston,MA)。
[0303]通过多种熟知的方法,靶分子可以与闪烁剂板结合。被衍生化处理以结合融合蛋白例如GST、His6或Flag融合蛋白的闪烁剂板是可得的。当靶分子为蛋白质复合物或多聚体时,一种蛋白质或亚基首先可以被附着到板上,然后在结合条件下,复合物的其它组分被稍后加入,导致结合复合物。
[0304]在一个典型的SPA测定中,将表达库中的基因产物进行放射性标记,然后加入孔中,并使其与固相相互作用,所述固相为固定的靶分子和在孔中的闪烁体涂层。该试验可以立刻被测量,或允许达到平衡。任何方式下,当放射性标记与闪烁体涂层充分接近时,其产生了由例如TOPCOUNT NXT_微板闪烁计数器(Packard BioScience Co.,Meriden Conn.)的装置可检测的信号。如果放射性标记的表达产物与靶分子结合,则放射性标记保持与闪烁体接近足够长时间,这足以产生可检测的信号。
[0305]相反,不与靶分子结合或者仅仅短暂结合的标记蛋白质不会保持在闪烁体的附近足以产生高于本底的信号的长时间。由随机的布朗运动引起的在闪烁体附近所耗用的任何时间也不会导致显著量的信号。同样,在表达步骤过程中所使用的残留的未掺入的放射性标记可能存在,但不会产生明显的信号,因为它处于溶液中,而不是与靶分子相互作用。因此,这些非结合性相互作用会引起某一水平的本底信号,所述本底信号在数学上可以被去除。如果得到太多的信号,可以直接向测定板中加入盐或其它改性剂,直到获得期望的特异性(Nichols et al.,(1998)Anal.Biochem 257:112-119)。
分析试验用化合物(Assay Compounds)和分子支架(Molecular Scaffolds)
[0306]支架的优选特征包括具有低分子量(例如350Da以下,或从大约100至大约350道尔顿,或从大约150至大约300道尔顿)。优选地,支架的clog P为-1至8,更优选为6、5或4以下,最优选为3以下。在具体的实施方案中,clogP在-1至上限为2、3、4、5、6或8的范围内;或在0至上限为2、3、4、5、6或8的范围内。优选地,可旋转键的数目为5以下,更优选为4以下。优选地,氢键供体和受体的数目低于6,更优选低于5。可以有用的另外的标准是5以下的极性表面积。在Lipinski et al.,(1997)Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 23 3-25中可以找到对鉴定具体应用的标准有帮助的手册,其在此被全部引入作为参考。
[0307]支架可以优选地与处于一定构型的特定的蛋白结合部位结合,该构型使得支架的取代基部分可以位于该蛋白结合部位的口袋中。同样,具有化学上易处理的基团可以是支架的一个优选的特征,所述化学上易处理的基团可以被化学修饰,特别是通过合成反应,从而可以容易地建立组合文库。同样,在支架上具有其它的部分(other moieties)可以被附着其上的位置可以是优选的,这不干扰支架与感兴趣蛋白质(一种或多种)的结合,却使得所述支架获得期望的性质,例如支架到细胞和/或器官的活性转运,使支架能够附着于层析柱以方便分析,或另外的期望性质。分子支架可以与靶分子在任何亲和性下结合,例如在高亲和性、中等亲和性、低亲和性、非常低亲和性或极低亲和性下的结合。
[0308]因此,上述标准可以被用于选择具有期望特征的许多化合物进行试验。许多具有所述标准的化合物在商业市场是可得的,并且可以被选择用于分析测试方法中,这取决于所述方法所适用的特定需求。
[0309]“化合物文库(compound library)”或“文库(library)”为具有不同化学结构的不同化合物的集合。化合物文库是可筛选的,即,其中的化合物文库成员可以经受筛选分析。在优选的实施方案中,文库成员可以具有从大约100至大约350道尔顿的分子量,或者从大约150至大约350道尔顿的分子量。上文提供了文库的例子。
[0310]本发明的文库可以含有至少一种在低亲和性下与靶分子结合的化合物。通过很多不同的分析法可以分析候选化合物的文库,例如上文所描述的那些分析测定,例如荧光偏振测定。文库可以由化学合成肽、肽模拟物(peptidomimetics)或者大的或小的、聚集的(focused)或非聚集(nonfocused)的组合化学品的阵列组成。“聚集的”,其意为化合物的集合是利用以前表征的化合物和/或药效团的结构而制备的。
[0311]化合物文库可以含有从天然来源分离的分子、人工合成的分子或以使其可以具有一个或多个可变部分的方式合成、分离或另外制备的分子,例如所述部位是独立地分离的或随机合成的。在化合物文库中的分子的类型包括但不限于有机化合物、如那些在本文被使用的术语的多肽和核酸以及它们的衍生物、偶联物和混合物。
[0312]本发明的化合物文库可以在商业市场上购买、制备或通过任何方法获得,所述方法包括但不限于组合化学技术、发酵方法、植物与细胞提取程序以及类似方法(例如参见Cwirla et al.,(1990)Biochemistry,87,6378-6382;Houghten et al.,(1991)Nature,354,84-86;Lam et al.,(1991)Nature,354,82-84;Brenner et al.,(1992)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,89,5381-5383;R.A.Houghten,(1993)Trends Genet.,9,235-239;E.R.Felder,(1994)Chimia,48,512-541;Gallop et al.,(1994)J.Med.Chem.37,1233-1251;Gordon et al.,(1994)J.Med.Chem.,37,1385-1401;Carell etal.,(1995)Chem.Biol.,3,171-183;Madden et al.,Perspectives in Drug Discovery andDesign 2,269-282;Lebl et al.,(1995)Biopolymers,37 177-198);装配在共用分子结构周围的小分子;通过各种商业基团和非商业基团、天然产物而被组合的化学品的集合;海洋生物体、真菌、细菌和植物的提取物。
[0313]可以在均质反应混合物中制备优选的文库,并且在筛选之前,不需要将未反应的试剂与文库的成员分离。尽管许多组合化学方法基于固相化学,然而液相组合化学能够产生文库(Sun CM.,(1999)Recent advances in liquid-phasecombinatorial chemistry,Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening.2:299-318)。
[0314]多种类型的分子的文库被制备,目的是从那里获取具有一个或多个预选特性的成员,其可以通过多种技术来制备,包括但不限于平行阵列合成(Houghton,(2000)Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 40:273-82,Parallel array and mixture-basedsynthetic combinatorial chemistry;solution-phase combinatorial chemistry(1998)Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 1(2):57-72,Solution phase combinatorialchemistry,Coe et al.,(1998-99)Mol Divers;4(1):31-8,Solution-phase combinatorialchemistry,Sun,(1999)Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2(6):299-318,Recentadvances in liquid-phase combinatorial chemistry);在可溶性聚合物上的合成(Gravertet(1997)Curr Opin Chem Biol 1(1):107-13,Synthesis on soluble polymers:newreactions and the construction of small molecules);以及类似技术。例如参见Dolle etal.,(1999)J Comb Chem 1(4):235-82,Comprehensive survey of combinatorial librarysynthesis:1998;Freidinger RM.,(1999)Nonpeptidic ligands for peptide and proteinreceptors,Current Opinion in Chemical Biology;和Kundu et al.,Prog Drug Res;53:89-156,Combinatorial chemistry:polymer supported synthesis of peptide andnon-peptide libraries)。化合物可以被临床标记,以便于鉴定(Chabala,(1995)CurrOpin Biotechnol 6(6):633-9,Solid-phase combinatorial chemistry and novel taggingmethods for identifying leads)。
[0315]含有寡糖的碳水化合物和文库的组合合成已经得以描述(Schweizer et al.,(1999)Curr Opin Chem Biol 3(3):8,Combinatorial synthesis of carbohydrates)。天然产物型化合物文库的合成已经得以描述(Wessjohann,(2000)Curr Opin Chem Biol 4(3):303-9,Synthesis of natural-product based compound libraries)。
[0316]通过各种技术制备核酸的文库,作为非限定性例子,包括在此所述的技术,用于适配子(aptamers)的分离。在链霉抗生物素磁珠上展示的包括寡核苷酸和聚氨基寡核苷酸(polyaminooligonucleotides)的文库(Markiewicz et al.,(2000)Syntheticoligonucleotide combinatorial libraries and their applications,Farmaco.55:174-7)是已知的。可以与平行取样偶联并且不需要复杂步骤而可去卷积的核酸文库是已知的,所述复杂步骤例如自动化质谱法(Enjalbal C.Martinez J.JL,(2000)Massspectrometry in combinatorial chemistry,Mass 19:139-61)和平行标记。(Perrin DM.,Nucleic acids for recognition and catalysis:landmarks,limitations,and looking to thefuture,Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 3:243-69)。
[0317]使用组合化学和固相合成鉴定肽模拟物(Peptidomimetics)(Kim HO.KahnM.,(2000)A merger of rational drug design and combinatorial chemistry:developmentand application of peptide secondary structure mimetics,Combinatorial Chemistry &High Throughput Screening 3:167-83;al-Obeidi,(1998)Mol Biotechnol 9(3):205-23,Peptide and peptidomimetric libraries.Molecular diversity and drug design)。所述合成可以是完全随机的,或者部分基于已知的多肽。
[0318]多肽文库可以根据各种技术来制备。简言之,噬菌体展示技术可以被用于产生多肽配体(Gram H.,(1999)Phage display in proteolysis and signal transduction,Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening.2:19-28),其可以被用作肽模拟物的合成的基础。多肽、约束肽、蛋白质、蛋白质结构域、抗体、单链抗体片段、抗体片段以及抗体结合区被展示在丝状噬菌体上用于选择。
[0319]已经产生了人单链Fv抗体的各个变体的大文库。例如参见Siegel RW.AllenB.Pavlik P.Marks JD.Bradbury(2000)Mass spectral analysis of a protein complexusing single-chain antibodies selected on a peptide target:applications to functionalgenomics,Journal of Molecular Biology 302:285-93;Poul MA.Becerril B.UB.Morisson P.Marks JD.,(2000)Selection of tumor-specific internalizing humanantibodies from phage libraries.Source Journal of Molecular Biology.301:1149-61;Amersdorfer P.Marks JD.,(2001)Phage libraries for generation of anti-botulinumantibodies,Methods in Molecular Biology.145:219-40;Hughes-Jones NC.Bye JM.Gorick BD.Marks JD.Ouwehand WH.,(1999)Synthesis of Rh Fv phage-antibodiesusing VH and VL genes,British Journal of Haematology.105:811-6;McCall AMAmoroso AR.Sautes C.Marks JD.Weiner LM.,(1998)Characterization of anti-mouseFc gamma RII single-chain Fv fragments derived from human phage display libraries,Immunotechnology.4:71-87;Sheets MD.Amersdorfer P.Finnern R.Sargent P.Lindquist E.Schier R.G.Wong C.Gerhart JC.Marks JD.Lindquist E.,(1998)Efficient construction of a large nonimmune phage antibody library:the production ofhigh-affinity human single-chain antibodies to protein antigens(在Proc Natl Acad SciUSA 1999 96:795中公开的勘误表),Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:6157-62)。
[0320]在涉及计算化学的成熟策略(例如Kundu B.Khare SK.Rastogi SK.,(1999)Combinatorial chemistry:polymer supported synthesis of peptide and non-peptidelibraries,Progress in Drug Research 53:89-156)的帮助下,应用基于结构的配体,使用数据库搜索和对接(docking),从头的药物设计和配体结合亲和力的评估,(Joseph-McCarthy D.,(1999)Computational approaches to structure-based liganddesign,Pharmacology & Therapeutics 84:179-91;Kirkpatrick DL.Watson S.Ulhaq S.,(1999)Structure-based drug design:combinatorial chemistry and molecular modeling,2:211-21;Eliseev AV.Lehn JM.,(1999)Dynamic combinatorial chemistry:evolutionaryformation and screening of molecular libraries,Current Topics in Microbiology &Immunology 243:159-72;Bolger et al.,(1991)Methods Enz.203:21-45;Martin,(1991)Methods Enz.203:587-613;Neidle et al.,(1991)Methods Enz.203:433-458;美国专利6,178,384),可以设计聚集的(focused)或灵敏的化学品和药效团文库。
X.晶体学
[0321]在结合化合物已经被确定之后,测定与靶结合的化合物的方向。优选地,该测定涉及分子支架化合物与靶的共晶体上的晶体学。大多数蛋白质晶体学平台可以优选被设计为分析可达大约500个与蛋白质靶结合的化合物、配体或分子支架的共复合物,原因在于仪器的物理参数和操作的便利。如果具有结合活性的支架的数目超过了便于应用晶体学方法的数目,则该支架可以被置于基于具有至少一个共同化学结构或其它期望特征的组中,并且可以从一个或多个类中选择代表性的化合物。可以在愈加严格的标准下建立类,直到获得期望数量的类(例如500)。所述类可以基于在所述类中的分子支架之间的化学结构相似性,例如,所有都具有吡咯环、苯环或其它化学特征。同样,类别可以基于形状特征,例如空间填充(space-filling)特征。
[0322]在筛选试验中显示出活性的支架浓度下,通过共络合每个支架和其靶标,可以进行共晶体学分析。该共络合可以在使用含有靶分子的低百分数有机溶剂,然后浓缩所述靶与每一个支架来完成。在优选的实施方案中,这些溶剂为于水或另一种水性溶剂中的5%以下的有机溶剂例如二甲亚砜(DMSO)、乙醇、甲醇或乙二醇。然后可以在4度和20度,在合适数量的结晶筛选条件下,筛选与靶分子络合的每一个支架。在优选的实施方案中,可以执行大约96个结晶筛选条件,目的是获取关于共络合和结晶条件以及在靶分子的结合部位处的支架的方向的充分信息。然后可以分析晶体结构,以确定结合的支架是如何在结合部位内或在分子家族成员的一个或多个结合口袋(binding pocket)内物理定向。
[0323]确定与靶蛋白结合的化合物的原子坐标是期望的,目的是确定哪个是蛋白质家族最合适的支架。X射线晶体分析因此对测定原子坐标是最优选的。应用药物化学可以进一步试验所选择的那些化合物。基于化合物在靶分子中的结合位置可以选择用于药物化学试验的化合物。例如,当所述化合物在结合部位结合时,在靶分子的结合部位中的所述化合物的结合位置可以被考虑,被考虑的方面涉及在所述化合物的化学上易处理结构或亚结构上进行的化学术,以及所述化合物上的这类修饰可以如何与靶的结合部位上的结构或亚结构相互作用。因此,人们可以探究靶的结合部位和支架的化学性质,以决定如何修饰该支架以获得具有更高效价和/或更高选择性的配体。该方法通过利用从共复合物直接获取的结构和化学信息,使得可以更直接地设计配体,从而能够使人们更有效地和快速地设计可能导致有益的药物产品的前导化合物。在各种各样的实施方案中,可以期望的是,对结合的所有支架进行共晶体分析法,或仅对那些在特定亲和性下结合例如仅对那些在高亲和性、中等亲和性、低亲和性、非常低的亲和性或极低亲和性下结合的支架进行共晶体分析法。对在亲和性的任何组合下结合的支架的选择进行共晶体分析也可以是有利的。
[0324]可以在共晶体上进行标准X射线蛋白质衍射研究,例如通过使用具有X射线成像板检测器或同步加速器光束线(synchrotron beam-line)的RigakuRU-200_(日本,东京,Rigaku),并且可以在标准X射线检测器例如CCD检测器或X射线成像板检测器上测量衍射数据。
[0325]在大约200个共晶体上进行X射线晶体分析法一般应当导致大约50个共晶体结构,其应当提供大约10个支架,用于化学上确认,其最终应当导致针对靶分子的大约5个选择性前导物(lead)。
虚拟测定(Virtual Assays)
[0326]商业可得的软件可以被用于图解和研究当与靶结合时化合物是如何定向的,所述软件可以从所提供的一组坐标产生络合的靶与化合物的三维图形表示。(例如QUANTA_Accelerys,San Diego,CA)。因此,在本发明中,在所述靶的结合部位处的结合口袋的存在是特别有用的。这些结合口袋通过晶体学结构测定而被展现,并且显示了在化合物与靶的结合部位的结合中所涉及的精确的化学相互作用。本领域普通技术人员将意识到,通过考虑未占据空间在复合物中位于何处,以及哪些化学亚结构可能具有合适的大小和/或电荷特征来填充该未占据空间,所述图解也可以被用于决定在哪里可以将化学基团加入、取代、修饰或从支架删除,以增强结合效应或另外的期望效应。本领域普通技术人员也将意识到,在结合部位中的区域可以是柔性的,并且其性质可以因支架结合而改变,并且化学基团可以特异性地靶向于那些区域以达到期望的效应。在分子支架上的特定位点可以被考虑,其涉及合适的化学亚结构在何处以何种构象被附着,以及哪个位点具有可利用的最有利的化学性质。
[0327]对结合化合物与靶蛋白的作用力的理解揭示了哪些化合物可以最有利地被用作支架,以及在配体的设计中哪些性质可以被最有效地操作。本领域普通技术人员将意识到,空间作用力、离子作用力、氢键作用力和其它作用力可以被认为是有助于靶-化合物复合物的保持或增强。用自动化计算方法,例如对接(docking)和/或自由能微扰法(Free Energy Perturbation)(FEP),可以获取另外的数据,以解释其它能量效应,例如去溶剂化障碍(desolvation penalties)。所选择的这些化合物可以被用于产生关于与靶的化学相互作用的信息,或者用于阐明可以提高化合物结合的选择性的化学修饰。
[0328]使用来自共晶体结构的数据可以构建计算机模型,例如同源模型(即,基于已知的、试验衍生出的结构)。当靶分子是蛋白质或酶时,用于制作同源模型的优选的共晶体结构在被建模的蛋白质序列的结合部位中含有高的序列同一性,并且所述蛋白质将优先在相同类和/或折叠家族(fold family)内。对蛋白质类的活性部位中的保守残基的了解可以被用于选择精确地表示结合部位的同源模型。同源模型也可以被用于绘制来自替代物蛋白质的结构信息,其中脱辅基(apo)或共晶体结构存在于该靶蛋白。
[0329]虚拟筛选方法,例如对接,也可以被用于在同源模型中预测支架、化合物和/或组合文库成员的结合构型和亲和性。使用该数据,并且使用计算机软件执行“虚拟试验”可以节省大量的资源,并且允许本领域普通技术人员决定哪些化合物可能是合适的支架或配体,而不必真正地合成配体和进行共结晶。因此可以决定哪些化合物值得真正合成和共结晶。对此类化学相互作用的理解有助于发现和设计药物,所述药物更有利地与靶蛋白相互作用和/或对一个蛋白质家族成员较其它更具有选择性。因此,应用这些原则,可以发现具有优良性质的化合物。
[0330]促进共结晶的添加剂当然可以被包括在靶分子制剂中,目的是增强共晶体的形成。在蛋白质或酶的情况下,待试验的支架可以被加入蛋白质制剂中,其优选以大约1mg/ml的浓度存在。所述制剂也可以含有在0%-10%(v/v)之间的有机溶剂,例如DMSO、甲醇、乙醇、丙二醇或1,3-二甲基丙二醇(MPD)或这些有机溶剂的一些组合。化合物优选在大约10mM的浓度下溶解在有机溶剂中,并在大约100mM的浓度下被加入到蛋白质样品中。然后将蛋白质-化合物复合物浓缩为大约5mg/ml至大约20mg/ml的蛋白质的终浓度。使用96孔格式编排的浓缩设备(例如Amicon Piscataway,NJ),可以方便地进行络合与浓缩步骤。存在于被结晶的制剂中的缓冲液和其它试剂可以含有促进结晶或与结晶条件相容的其它成分,例如DTT、丙二醇、甘油。
[0331]通过将小等份试样的浓缩蛋白质-化合物复合物(1μl)放置在96孔格式中,并在96个结晶条件下取样,可以建立结晶试验。(可以使用其它筛选格式,例如具有多于96孔的板)。使用标准结晶步骤,其可以包括96孔结晶板被置于不同的温度下,一般可以获得晶体。如果需要的话,对于每一个蛋白质-化合物复合物,也可以考虑除了温度之外的共结晶变化因素。例如大气压、光或氧气的存在或缺乏、重力上的变化以及许多其它变量都可以进行试验。本领域普通技术人员将意识到,其它变量可以有利地被改变和考虑。
配体设计与制备
[0332]通过考虑一组活性支架之间共有的化学结构,在有或没有结构和/或共结晶数据的情况下,可以进行配体的设计和制备。在该方法中,可以形成结构-活性假设,并且被发现存在于大量支架中的那些化学结构,包括那些在低亲和性下结合的化学结构,可以被假定对支架的结合有一些影响。当这种结合发生在生物体系(例如治疗的哺乳动物)中时,其可以被假定诱导期望的生化效应。可以试验衍生自支架的新或修饰的支架或组合文库,以反驳最大数量的结合和/或结构-活性假设。然后,保留的假设可以被用于设计实现期望的结合和生化效应的配体。
[0333]但是在许多情况下,具有共晶体学数据以便考虑如何修饰支架以实现期望的结合效应(例如,在较高亲和性下或具有较高选择性的结合)是优选的。使用蛋白质和酶的情况,共晶体学数据显示了分子支架结合于结合部位的蛋白质的结合口袋,并且对支架上的化学易处理基团可以进行修饰是显而易见的。例如,在蛋白质结合部位或口袋处的小空间体积可以被填充,其通过修饰支架以包括填充所述体积的小的化学基团。填充空隙体积可以有望导致更大的结合亲和性,或与蛋白质家族的其它成员的不期望的结合的丧失。同样,共晶体学数据可以显示删除支架上的化学基团可能减少结合的阻碍,且导致更大的结合亲和性或特异性。
[0334]利用位于蛋白质的结合部位或口袋处的带电化学基团的存在可以是期望的。例如,带正电的基团可以用在分子支架上引入的带负电的基团互补。这可以有望增加结合亲和性或结合特异性,从而导致更期望的配体。在许多情况下,已知的是,蛋白质结合部位区或口袋区从一个家族成员到另一个家族成员是变化的,该变化基于在这些区中的氨基酸差异。在这些区中的化学加合(chemical addition)可以导致某些相互作用(例如疏水、静电或熵)的建立或消除,这使得化合物对一个蛋白质靶标较另一个更具有特异性,或者在更大的亲和性下结合,因此使人们能够合成对特定的家族成员具有较大选择性或亲和性的化合物。另外,一些区可以含有已知比其它氨基酸更柔性的氨基酸。这经常发生在包含在蛋白质的二级结构例如α螺旋或β片的环连接元件的氨基酸中。化学部分的加合也可以定向于这些柔性区,目的是增加发生在感兴趣的蛋白质靶和化合物之间的特定相互作用的可能性。也可以在计算机上进行虚拟筛选方法,以评价在化合物上的化学加合、删减、修饰和/或取代对蛋白质家族或类别成员的影响。
[0335]可以用任何合适的化学部分进行针对支架的化学结构或亚结构的加合、减去或修饰。例如可以使用下列的部分,其作为例子提供,并非意欲限定:氢、烷基、烷氧基、苯氧基、链烯基、炔基、苯基烷基、羟烷基、卤烷基、芳基、芳基烷基、烷氧基、烷硫基、链烯基硫代、苯基、苯基烷基、苯基烷硫基、羟烷基硫代、烷硫基氨基甲酰硫代、环己基、吡啶基、哌啶基、烷基氨基、氨基、硝基、巯基、氰基、羟基、卤原子、卤甲基、氧原子(例如形成酮或N-氧化物)或硫原子(例如形成硫醇、硫酮、二烷基亚砜或砜)都是可以使用的部分的例子。
[0336]可以使用的结构或亚结构的另外的例子是芳基,其可选地用一个、两个或三个取代基取代,所述取代基独立地选自烷基、烷氧基、卤素、三卤甲基、羧酸盐(酯)、甲酰胺、硝基和酯部分;式-NX2X3的胺,其中X2和X3独立选自氢、饱和或不饱和烷基,和同素环或杂环部分;卤素或三卤甲基;式-COX4的酮,其中X4选自烷基和同素环或杂环部分;式-(X5)nCOOH的羧酸或式-(X6)NCOOX7的酯,其中X5、X6和X7独立选自烷基和同素环或杂环部分,其中n是0或1;式(X8)nOH的醇或式-(X8)nOX9的烷氧基部分,其中X8和X9独立选自饱和或不饱和烷基和同素环或杂环部分,其中所述环任选地用一个或多个独立选自烷基、烷氧基、卤素、三卤甲基、羧酸盐(酯)、硝基和酯的取代基取代,其中n是0或1;式NHCOX10的酰胺,其中X10选自烷基、羟基和同素环或杂环部分,其中所述环任选地用一个或多个独立选自烷基、烷氧基、卤素、三卤甲基、羧酸盐(酯)、硝基和酯的取代基取代;SO2、NX11X12,其中X11和X12选自氢、烷基和同素环或杂环部分;同素环或杂环部分,其任选地用一个、两个或三个独立选自烷基、烷氧基、卤素、三卤甲基、羧酸盐(酯)、甲酰胺、硝基和酯部分的取代基取代;式-CHO的醛;式-SO2X13的砜,其中X13选自饱和或不饱和烷基和同素环或杂环部分;和式-NO2的硝基。
在分子支架和配体上的附着位点的鉴定
[0337]除了鉴定和开发磷酸二酯酶和其它酶的配体之外,对在结合部位处的分子支架或其它结合化合物的方向的测定使得可以鉴定能量上允许的部位,该部位可用于所述结合分子与另一个成分的附着。对于此类部位,与附着成分的存在有关的任何自由能变化不会使化合物与磷酸二酯酶的结合不稳定到破坏此结合的程度。优选地,具有该附着的结合能应当为至少4kcal/mol,更优选地,为至少6、8、10、12、15或20kcal/mol。优选地,在具体部位的附着的存在减少了不超过3、4、5、8、10、12或15kcal/mol的结合能。
[0338]在许多情况下,合适的附着位点是那些当结合化合物结合在结合部位中时暴露于溶剂的部位。在一些情况下,可以使用将导致酶的一部分发生小的移位而没有过度能量损失的附着位点。可以以各种方式鉴定暴露部位。例如,使用图形显示或3维模型可以鉴定暴露部位。在图形显示例如计算机显示中,可以在视觉上观察结合在结合部位中的化合物的图像,以展示在所述化合物上的原子或基团,所述原子或基团暴露于溶剂,并且被定向以使在这样的原子或基团上的附着不会阻碍酶和结合化合物的结合。基于由附着以及熵变引起的变化或扭变,可以计算出附着的能量损失。
[0339]可以附着许多不同种类的成分。技术人员熟悉各种各样的附着所使用的化学术。可以被附着的成分的例子包括而不限于:固相成分,例如珠子、板、芯片和孔;直接或间接标签;连接体,其可以是无痕(traceless)的连接体;以及其它。此类连接体本身可以附着于其它组分,例如附着于固相介质、标签和/或结合部分。
[0340]使用众多可得的软件中的任何一种或通过手动计算,可以近似计算出化合物的结合能以及该分子与另一个成分附着对结合能的影响。例子如下:
[0341]进行计算,以估计不同有机分子对两种激酶PIM-1和CDK2的结合能。所考虑的有机分子包括星形孢菌素、经鉴定结合PDE5A的化合物以及几种连接体。
[0342]使用Tripos软件套件中的FlexX score(执行Bohm记分功能),获得计算的蛋白质-配体复合物之间的结合能。该方程式的形式如下面的方程所示:
      ΔG结合=ΔGtr+ΔGhb+ΔGion+ΔGlipo+ΔGarom+ΔGrot
其中:ΔGtr是说明配体的转动熵和平移熵的总损失的常数项,ΔGhb说明在配体和蛋白质之间形成的氢键,ΔGion说明配体与蛋白质之间的离子相互作用,ΔGlipo说明对应于蛋白质与配体接触表面的亲脂相互作用,ΔGarom说明在蛋白质和配体中的芳环之间的相互作用,ΔGrot说明在结合之后的配体中限制旋转键的熵减(entropicpenalty)。
[0343]本方法评估了先导化合物针对具有晶体结构的靶蛋白应当具有的自由能,并且它说明了柔性连接体的熵减。因此,它可以被用于评估由于使连接体附着于被筛选的分子而引起的自由能减(free energy penalty),以及为了克服该连接体的自由能减先导化合物应当具有的结合能。本方法不考虑溶剂化的因素,对于其中连接体是通过另一个结合复合物例如生物素:链霉抗生物素复合物与固相结合的情况,熵减很可能被高估。
[0344]通过用CDK2中的相应残基叠加PIM-1的残基,比对共晶体。用于这些计算的PIM-1结构为PIM-1与结合化合物的共晶体。所使用的CDK2:星形孢菌素共晶体来自Brookhaven数据库文件laq1。氢原子被添加到蛋白质上,并使用Sybyl中的AMBER95参数分配原子电荷。用来自Tripos的Sybyl建模套件对所述化合物进行修饰。
[0345]这些计算表明,强烈结合到给定靶(例如星形孢菌素:CDK2)的化合物的计算出的结合能可低于-25kcal/mol.,而优良支架或未最优化的结合化合物的计算出的结合亲和性可以在-15至-20的范围内。附着于连接体例如乙二醇或己三烯的自由能减被估计为一般在+5至+15kcal/mol的范围内。
连接体(linkers)
[0346]适合在本发明中使用的连接体可以是很多不同类型。基于多种因素,例如适宜附着于结合化合物和在具体应用中所用的其它成分的连接体化学,连接体可以被选择用于具体应用。另外的因素可以包括而不限于连接体长度、连接体稳定性和在适当时间去除连接体的能力。示例性连接体包括但不限于己基、己三烯基、乙二醇和肽连接体。也可以使用无痕迹连接体,如在Plunkett,M.J.,and Ellman,J.A.,(1995),J.Org.Chem.60:6006中所述。
[0347]被用于连接结合化合物(一个或多个)的典型的官能团包括但不限于羧酸、胺、羟基和硫醇。(在Solid-supported combinatorial and parallel synthesis of smallmolecular weight compound libraries;(1998)Tetrahedron organic chemistry series Vol.17;Pergamon;p85中可以找到例子)。
标记(labels)
[0348]如上所述,也可以将标记附着于结合化合物或附着于附着在结合化合物上的连接体。这样的附着可以是直接的(直接附着于结合化合物)或间接的(附着在直接或间接附着于结合化合物的成分上)。此类标记允许直接或间接检测所述化合物。使用常规化学可以进行标记的附着。标记可以包括,例如,荧光标记、放射性标记、光散射颗粒、光吸收颗粒、磁性颗粒、酶和特异结合剂(例如生物素或抗体靶部分)。
固相介质
[0349]可以被直接或间接附着于结合化合物的成分的另外的例子包括各种固相介质。类似于连接体和标记的附着,使用常规化学可以进行与固相介质的附着。这样的固相介质可以包括,例如,小成分例如珠子、纳米颗粒和纤维(例如在悬浮液中或在凝胶或层析基质中)。同样,固相介质可以包括较大物体,例如板、芯片、载片和管。在许多情况下,结合化合物将仅仅附着在这样的物体的一部分上,例如在点上,或大致平面上的其它局部部位中,或在孔中或孔的一部分中。
生物试剂的鉴定
[0350]对关于蛋白质的结构信息的拥有也提供了对有用的生物试剂例如用于抗体开发的表位的鉴定,被期望影响活性的突变位点的鉴定,以及允许蛋白质与诸如标记、连接体、肽和固相介质的物质附着的附着位点的鉴定。
[0351]在众多领域中抗体(Abs)得到了多种应用,包括生物技术、医学和诊断,并且它们确实是生命科学研究的最强有力的工具之一。针对蛋白质抗原的抗体可以识别线性或天然三维(3D)表位。识别3D表位的Abs的获取要求使用全天然蛋白质(或使用呈现为天然构象的部分)作为免疫原。不幸的是,这并非总是可以选择的,原因在于各种技术原因:例如,天然蛋白质刚好是不可得的,蛋白质是有毒的,或使用高密度抗原呈递是期望的。在这样的情况下,用肽免疫是可供选择的办法。当然,以这种方式产生的Abs将识别线性表位,并且它们可以或不可以识别来源天然蛋白质,然而它们对标准试验室应用例如蛋白质印迹是有用的。通过下面的具体选择规则和/或表位预测软件的使用,可完成对用作免疫原的肽的选择。
[0352]虽然预测抗原肽的方法并非总是可靠的,然而存在几种可以遵循的规则,以确定来自蛋白质的哪些肽片段有可能是抗原性的。这些规则也被规定以增加针对特定肽的Ab识别天然蛋白质的可能性。
●1.抗原肽应当位于溶剂可及区,且含有疏水和亲水残基。
○对于已知3D结构的蛋白质,使用多种程序例如DSSP、NACESS或WHATIF以及其它程序可以确定溶剂可及性。
○如果3D结构是未知的,使用以下任何一种网络服务器预测可及性:PHDJPREDPredAcc(c) ACCpro
●2.优选地,选择位于连接二级结构(SS)基序的长环中的肽,避免位于螺旋区中的肽。这将增加Ab识别天然蛋白质的几率。例如,可以根据晶体结构或基于晶体结构的同源模型识别这样的肽。
○对于具有已知3D坐标的蛋白质,可以从 Brookhaven data bank的相关条目的序列链接中获取SS。 PDBsum服务器也可以提供pdb记录的SS分析。
○当没有结构可利用时,可以从下列服务器的任何一个获得二级结构预测: PHDJPREDPSI-PREDNNSP等。
●3.当可能时,选择位于蛋白质的N-端区和C-端区的肽。因为蛋白质的N-端区和C-端区通常是溶剂可及且松散的。针对这些区的Abs也有可能识别天然蛋白质。
●4.对于细胞表面糖蛋白,从最初的肽中除出那些含有N-糖基化的共有位点(consesus site)的肽。
○使用 ScanprositeNetNGlyc可以检测N-糖基化位点。
[0353]另外,几种基于实验测定表位的各种物理-化学性质(柔性、亲水性、可及性)的方法已经被公开,用于预测抗原决定簇,并且可以使用。 The antigenic indexPreditop是例子。
[0354]用于预测抗原决定簇的有利的方法是Kolaskar和Tongaonkar的方法,所述方法基于氨基酸残基在实验测定表位中的出现。(Kolaskar and Tongaonkar(1990)Asemi-empirical method for prediction of antigenic determinants on protein antigens.FEBBS Lett.276(1-2):172-174)。预测算法如下运行:
●1.计算每一个重叠7-mer的平均倾向(average propensity),并将此结果分配给7-mer的中央残基(i+3)。
●2.计算全蛋白质的平均值。
●3.(a)如果全蛋白质的平均值高于1.0,则平均倾向高于1.0的所有残基潜在地具有抗原性。
●4.(b)如果全蛋白质的平均值低于1.0,则具有高于全蛋白平均值的所有残基潜在地具有抗原性。
●5.找到8-mers,其中所有的残基通过上面的步骤3选择(在原始论文中为6-mers)。
[0355]Kolaskar和Tongaonkar方法也可从GCG包获得,并且它使用命令egcg运行。
[0356]晶体结构也允许残基的鉴定,在该残基上突变有可能改变蛋白质的活性。例如这样的残基包括与底物相互作用的残基、保守活性部位残基以及在三级相互作用中所涉及的有序二级结构的区域中的残基。有可能影响活性的突变将根据不同分子环境而变化。将影响活性的在活性部位中的突变一般为消除电荷-电荷相互作用或氢键相互作用或引入位阻干涉的取代或删除。有可能影响活性的在二级结构区或分子相互作用区中的突变包括,例如,取代,所述取代改变了接近或包括活性部位的区域的疏水性/亲水性,或者在该区域中引入足够的应变,从而使该活性部位中的关键残基(一个或多个)被置换。这样的取代和/或删除和/或插入被识别,并且使用常规软件,可以计算突变的预测的结构效应和/或能量效应。
XI.磷酸二酯酶活性测定
[0357]可以使用大量不同的磷酸二酯酶活性测定,用于分析活性调节剂和/或确定一种具体磷酸二酯酶或多种磷酸二酯酶的调节剂的特异性。除了在下面的实施例中所提及的测定,本领域普通技术人员知道可以使用的其它测定,并且可以针对具体应用调整测定。例如,涉及PDE的众多论文描述了可以被使用的测定。例如,有用的测定在Fryburg等,美国专利申请公开号2002/0165237,Thompson等,美国专利申请公开号2002/0009764,Pamukcu等,美国专利申请09/046,739和Pamukcu等,美国专利6,500,610中被描述。
[0358]根据下面的步骤,使用纯化的PDE4B,使用在实施例中所述的步骤,可以进行可被用于PDE4B的磷酸二酯酶活性测定。
[0359]另外的可选测定可以使用结合测定。例如,以荧光共振能量转移(FRET)形式,或者使用AlphaScreen(放大的发光的邻近均相测定(amplified luminescentproximity homogeneous assay))形式,通过使附着于链霉抗生物素或磷光体特异抗体的供体和受体试剂变化,该种测定被格式化。
XII.有机合成技术
[0360]基于计算机的调节剂设计和鉴定的多功能性在于由计算机程序所筛选的结构的多样性。计算机程序可以搜索含有极大量分子的数据库,并且可以用广泛众多的化学官能团修饰已经与酶络合的调节剂。该化学多样性的结果是潜在的磷酸二酯酶功能调节剂可以采取不可预测的化学形式。在本领域中存在大量的有机合成技术,以满足构建这些潜在调节剂的挑战。这些有机合成方法中的很多种在本领域技术人员所用的标准参考来源中得以详细描述。这样的参考的一个例子是March,1994, Advanced Organic Chemistry;Reactions,Mechanisms and Structure,New York,McGrawHill。因此,用来合成通过基于计算机方法而鉴定的潜在的磷酸二酯酶功能调节剂的技术对于有机化学合成领域的技术人员而言是方便可得的。
XIII.异构体(Isomers)、前体药物(Prodrugs)和活性代谢物
[0361]本发明化合物在此以通式和具体化合物来描述。此外,本发明化合物可以以许多不同的形式或衍生物存在,所有这些都在本发明的范围内。这些包括,例如,互变异构体(tautomers)、对映异构体(enantiomers)、立体异构体(stereoisomers)、外消旋混合物、位置异构体(regioisomers)、盐、前体药物(例如羧酸酯)、溶剂化形式(solvated forms)、不同的晶体形式或多晶型物和活性代谢物。
A.互变异构体、立体异构体、位置异构体和溶剂化形式
[0362]应该理解,一些化合物可以表现出互变异构。在这种情况下,本说明书中的式子图明显地只是描述了可能的互变异构形式中的一种。因此,应该理解,在本发明中,所述式子意图代表所描述的化合物的任何互变异构形式,不限于式子图所描绘的具体的互变异构形式。
[0363]同样,本发明化合物中的一些可以包含一个或多个手性中心,因此,可以以两种或更多种立体异构形式存在。因此,这样的化合物可以作为单一的立体异构体(即,基本上不含其它立体异构体)、外消旋体、和/或对映异构体和/或非对映异构体的混合物而存在。所有这些单一立体异构体、外消旋体及其混合物意图包含在本发明范围内。如果没有特别的相反指明,所有这些立体异构形式被包含在本文提供的式子中。
[0364]在一些实施方案中,本发明的手性化合物处于含有至少80%的单一异构体(60%对映异构体过量(“e.e.”)或非对映异构体过量(“d.e.”))的形式,或至少85%(70%e.e.或d.e.)、90%(80%e.e.或d.e.)、95%(90%e.e.或d.e.)、97.5%(95%e.e.或d.e.)或99%(98%e.e.或d.e.)。如本领域技术人员一般理解,具有一个手性中心的光学纯化合物是基本上由两种可能的对映异构体中的一种构成的化合物(即,对映异构纯),具有多于一个手性中心的光学纯化合物是非对映异构纯和对映异构纯的化合物。在一些实施方案中,化合物以光学纯的形式存在。
[0365]对于其中的合成涉及在双键处特别是碳碳双键处加入单个基团的化合物,所述加入可以发生在任一双键连接原子处。对于此类化合物,本发明包括两种这样的位置异构体。
[0366]此外,所述式子意图包括所鉴定出的结构的溶剂化形式以及非溶剂化形式。例如,所指明的结构包括水合和非水合形式。溶剂化物的其它例子包括与异丙醇、乙醇、甲醇、DMSO、乙酸乙酯、乙酸或乙醇胺组合的结构。
B.前体药物和代谢物
[0367]除了本发明的式子和本文所述的化合物之外,本发明也包括前体药物(一般是药学上可接受的前体药物)、活性代谢衍生物(活性代谢产物)和它们的药学上可接受的盐。
[0368]在本文中,前体药物是可以在生理条件下或通过溶剂分解作用被转化为特定化合物或这种化合物的药学上可接受的盐的化合物。一个普通的例子是羧酸的烷基酯。
[0369]如 The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry,Ch.31-32(Ed.Wermuth,AcademicPress,San Diego,CA,2001)中所述,在概念上,前体药物可以被分为两个非排他的种类(non-exclusive categories),生物前体前体药物(bioprecursor prodrugs)和载体前体药物。一般地,生物前体前体药物是无活性的或者相比对应的活性药物化合物活性低的化合物,其含有一个或多个保护基团并且通过代谢或溶剂分解作用被转化为活性形式。活性药物形式和任何被释放的代谢产物都应该具有可接受的低毒性。一般地,活性药物化合物的形成涉及下列类型之一的代谢过程或反应:
[0370]氧化反应,如醇、羰基和酸官能基的氧化,脂族碳的羟化,脂环族碳原子的羟基化,芳族碳原子的氧化,碳碳双键的氧化,含氮官能团的氧化,硅、磷、砷和硫的氧化,氧化性N-脱烷基化(delakylation),氧化性O-和S-脱烷基化,氧化性脱氨,以及其它氧化反应。
[0371]还原反应,如羰基的还原,醇基和碳碳双键的还原,含氮官能团的还原和其它还原反应。
[0372]氧化状态不发生变化的反应,如酯和醚的水解,碳氮单键的水解切割,非芳族杂环的水解切割,多个键的水合和脱水,由脱水反应获得的新的原子键接,水解脱卤化反应,卤化氢分子的去除和其它这类反应。
[0373]载体前体药物是含有运输部分(transport moiety)的药物化合物,所述部分例如,改进摄取和/或向作用位点的局部输送。对这种载体前体药物希望的是,药物部分和运输部分之间的键合是共价键,前体药物无活性或者相比药物化合物活性低,前体药物和任何释放的运输部分是可接受地无毒的。对于运输部分意图增强摄取的前体药物,典型地,运输部分的释放应该是迅速的。在其它情况下,希望利用提供缓慢释放的部分,例如,一些聚合物或其它部分,如环糊精。(参见,例如,Cheng et al.,美国专利出版物20040077595,申请10/656,838,并入本文作为参考)。这种载体前体药物通常对于经口给予的药物是有利的。例如,载体前体药物可以被用于改进下列性质中的一种或多种:增加的亲脂性、增加的药物效应持续时间、增加的位点特异性、降低的毒性和不利反应、和/或药物制剂的改进(例如,稳定性、水溶性、不需要的器官感觉或理化性质的抑制)。例如,通过用亲脂性羧酸酯化羟基,或用醇例如脂族醇酯化羧酸基团,可以增加亲脂性。Wermuth,ThePractice of Medicinal Chemistry,Ch.31-32,Ed.Wermuth,Academic Press,San Diego,CA,2001。
[0374]前体药物可以在一个步骤中从前体药物形式变为活性形式,或者可以具有一个或多个中间体形式,所述中间体形式本身可以具有活性或者可以没有活性。
[0375]代谢物,例如,活性代谢物,与上述前体药物例如生物前体前体药物重叠。因此,这种代谢物是药学上活性的化合物或进一步代谢为药学活性化合物的化合物,所述药学活性化合物是通过在对象或患者体内的代谢过程而得到的衍生物。其中,活性代谢物是这些药学活性衍生化合物。对于前体药物,前体药物化合物通常是无活性的或比代谢产物的活性低。对于活性代谢物,母体化合物可以是活性化合物或者可以是无活性的前体药物。
[0376]应用本领域已知的常规技术,可以对前体药物和活性代谢物进行鉴定,参见,例如,Bertolini et al,1997,J Med Chem 40:2011-2016;Shan et al.,J Pharm Sci86:756-757;Bagshawe,1995,Drug Dev Res 34:220-230;Wermuth, The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry,Ch.31-32,Academic Press,San Diego,CA,2001。
C.药学上可接受的盐
[0377]化合物可以被配制为药学上可接受盐的形式或者是药学上可接受盐的形式。药学上可接受盐在它们被施用的量和浓度下是无毒的。在不阻止其发挥生理效应的情况下,通过改变化合物的物理特性,这样的盐的制备可以促进药理学应用。在物理性质上有用的改变包括降低熔点以促进经粘膜给药,以及增加溶解度以促进施用更高浓度的药物。
[0378]药学上可接受的盐包括酸加成盐,例如含硫酸盐、氯化物、氢氯化物、延胡索酸盐、马来酸盐、磷酸盐、氨基磺酸盐、乙酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乳酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、环己氨基磺酸盐和奎尼酸盐的盐。药学上可接受的盐可以从酸获得,所述酸例如盐酸、马来酸、硫酸、磷酸、氨基磺酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、酒石酸、丙二酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、环己氨基磺酸、延胡索酸和奎尼酸。
[0379]当酸性官能团例如羧酸或酚存在时,药学上可接受的盐也包括碱加成盐,例如那些含有苄星青霉素、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、葡甲胺、普鲁卡因、铝、钙、锂、镁、钾、钠、铵、烷基胺和锌的盐。例如,参见 Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences,19th ed.,Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,PA,Vol.2,p.1457,1995。使用合适的相应的碱可以制备此类盐。
[0380]通过标准技术,可以制备药学上可接受的盐。例如,将游离碱形式的化合物溶解在合适的溶剂中,例如含有适宜酸的水性溶液或水-醇溶液,然后蒸发溶液进行分离。在另一个实例中,通过使游离碱和酸与在有机溶剂中反应来制备盐。
[0381]因此,例如,如果特定化合物是碱,则可以通过本领域可得的任何合适方法制备所需的药学上可接受的盐,例如,用无机酸或有机酸处理游离碱,所述无机酸如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸和类似酸,所述有机酸如乙酸、马来酸、琥珀酸、扁桃酸、富马酸、丙二酸、丙酮酸、草酸、乙醇酸、水杨酸、吡喃糖酸(pyranosidyl acid)如葡糖醛酸或半乳糖醛酸、α-羟基酸如柠檬酸或酒石酸、氨基酸如天冬氨酸或谷氨酸、芳香酸如苯甲酸或肉桂酸、磺酸如对甲苯磺酸或乙磺酸或类似物。
[0382]相似地,如果特定化合物是酸,则可以通过任何合适方法制备所需的药学上可接受的盐,例如,用无机碱或有机碱处理游离酸,所述无机碱或有机碱例如胺(伯胺、仲胺或叔胺)、碱金属氢氧化物或碱土金属氢氧化物或类似物。合适的盐的示范性例子包括有机盐,其衍生自氨基酸如甘氨酸和精氨酸、氨、伯胺、仲胺和叔胺,以及环胺,如哌啶、吗啉和哌嗪,以及无机盐,其衍生自钠、钙、钾、镁、锰、铁、铜、锌、铝和锂。
[0383]不同化合物的药学上可接受的盐可以作为络合物存在。络合物的例子包括8-氯茶碱络合物(类似于,例如,茶苯海明∶苯海拉明8-氯茶碱(1∶1)络合物;晕海宁)和各种各样的包含环糊精的络合物。
[0384]如果没有相反的指定,对本文化合物的描述包括这些化合物的药学上可接受的盐。
D.多晶型
[0385]在试剂是固体的情况下,本领域技术人员应该理解,化合物和盐可以以不同的晶体或多晶型存在,所有这些都意图归入本发明和指定的式子的范围内。
XIV.给药
[0386]所述方法和化合物一般将被用于人类对象或患者的治疗中。然而,它们也可以被用于治疗在其它脊椎动物中的相似的或相同的疾病,所述其它脊椎动物例如其它灵长类、运动动物和宠物如马、狗和猫。
[0387]合适的剂型,部分地取决于用途或给药途径,例如经口、经皮、经粘膜、吸入或通过注射(肠胃外)。此类剂型应当使化合物能够到达靶细胞。其它因素在本领域中是熟知的,包括需要考虑的事项,例如毒性和延迟化合物或组合物发挥其效应的剂型。技术和配方一般可以在Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,21st edition,Lippincott,Williams and Wilkins,Philadelphia,PA,2005(引入于此作为参考)中找到。
[0388]化合物可以被配制为药物学可接受盐。药物学可接受盐在它们被施用的量和浓度下是无毒的。在不阻止其发挥生理效应的情况下,通过改变化合物的物理特性,这样的盐的制备可以促进药理学应用。在物理性质上有用的改变包括降低溶点以促进经粘膜给药,以及增加溶解度以促进施用更高浓度的药物。
[0389]药学上可接受的盐包括酸加成盐,例如含硫酸盐、氯化物、氢氯化物、延胡索酸盐、马来酸盐、磷酸盐、氨基磺酸盐、乙酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乳酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、环己氨基磺酸盐和奎尼酸盐的那些盐。药物学可接受盐可以从酸获取,例如盐酸、马来酸、硫酸、磷酸、氨基磺酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、酒石酸、丙二酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、环己氨基磺酸、延胡索酸和奎尼酸。
[0390]当酸性官能团例如羧酸或酚存在时,药学上可接受的盐也包括碱加成盐,例如那些含有苄星青霉素、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、葡甲胺、普鲁卡因、铝、钙、锂、镁、钾、钠、铵、烷基胺和锌的盐。例如,参见 Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences,19th ed.,Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,PA,Vol.2,p.1457,1995。使用合适的相应的碱可以制备此类盐。
[0391]通过标准技术,可以制备药学上可接受的盐。例如,将游离碱形式的化合物溶解在合适的溶剂中,例如含有适宜酸的水性溶液或水-醇溶液,然后蒸发溶液进行分离。在另一个实例中,通过使游离碱与酸在有机溶剂中反应来制备盐。
[0392]不同化合物的药学上可接受的盐可以作为络合物存在。络合物的例子包括8-氯茶碱络合物(类似于,例如,茶苯海明∶苯海拉明8-氯茶碱(1∶1)络合物;晕海宁)和各种各样的包含环糊精的络合物。
[0393]载体或赋形剂可以被用于产生组合物。所述载体或赋形剂可以被选择以促进化合物的给药。载体的例子包括碳酸钙、磷酸钙、各种糖例如乳糖、葡萄糖或蔗糖、或淀粉类型、纤维素衍生物、明胶、植物油、聚乙二醇和生理相容溶剂。生理相容溶剂的例子包括注射用水(WFI)、盐溶液和葡萄糖的无菌溶液。
[0394]可以通过不同的路径施用化合物,包括静脉内、腹膜内、皮下、肌内、经口、经粘膜、直肠、吸入或经皮。对口服而言,例如,化合物可以被配制为常规口服剂型,例如胶囊、片剂,以及液体制剂,例如糖浆、酏剂和浓缩滴剂。
[0395]可以获得口服用途的药物制剂,例如通过组合活性化合物与固体赋形剂,可选地研磨所形成的混合物,以及加工颗粒混合物,这在加入合适的辅剂之后进行,如果需要辅剂的话,从而获得片剂或糖衣丸。合适的赋形剂,具体而言是,填料例如糖,包括乳糖、蔗糖、甘露糖醇或山梨醇;纤维素制剂,例如玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉、大米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、明胶、黄蓍树胶、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)和/或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP:聚维酮(povidone))。如果需要的话,可以加入崩解剂,例如交联的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、琼脂或藻酸或它们的盐,例如藻酸钠。
[0396]糖衣丸被提供为具有合适的包衣。对于此目的,可以使用浓缩糖溶液,其可以任选含有例如阿拉伯胶、滑石、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、卡巴普凝胶、聚乙二醇(PEG)和/或二氧化钛、漆溶液和合适的有机溶剂或溶剂混合物。可以将染料或色素加入片剂或糖衣丸糖衣中,用于识别或者表征活性化合物剂量的不同组合。
[0397]可以经口服用的药物制剂包括由明胶制成的推合式(push-fit)胶囊(“gelcaps”),以及由明胶和增塑剂例如甘油或山梨醇制成的软的、密封胶囊。推合胶囊可以含有活性成分,其与填料例如乳糖、粘合剂例如淀粉和/或润滑剂例如滑石或硬脂酸镁,以及可选的稳定剂混合。在软胶囊中,活性化合物可以溶解或悬浮在合适的液体例如脂肪油、液体石蜡或液体聚乙二醇(PEGs)中。另外,可以加入稳定剂。
[0398]可选地,可以使用注射(肠胃外给药),例如肌内的、静脉内的、腹膜内的和/或皮下的。对于注射而言,本发明的化合物被配制为无菌液体溶液,优选在生理相容的缓冲液或溶液中,例如盐溶液、Hank′s溶液或Ringer′s溶液。另外,化合物可以被配制为固体形式,并在使用之前立刻被再溶解或悬浮。也可以生产冻干形式。
[0399]给药也可以通过经粘膜或经皮方式。对于经粘膜或经皮给药,在配方中使用适合待穿透的屏障的穿透剂。这样的穿透剂在本领域中是普遍已知的,包括,例如,对于经粘膜给药,胆汁盐和梭链孢酸衍生物。另外,可以使用去垢剂以促进穿透。经粘膜给药,例如,可以通过鼻喷雾或栓剂(经直肠或阴道)。
[0400]对于吸入剂,可以将本发明的化合物配制为干粉或合适的溶液、悬浮液或气雾剂。粉末和溶液可以和本领域已知的合适的添加剂配制。例如,粉末可以包括合适的粉末基质(powder base)如乳糖或淀粉,溶液可以包括丙二醇、无菌水、乙醇、氯化钠和其它添加剂如酸、碱和缓冲盐。可以经喷雾、泵、喷雾器或雾化器等等通过吸入给予这种溶液或悬浮液。本发明的化合物也可以与其它吸入疗法联合应用,例如,皮质类固醇如氟替卡松丙酸酯、倍氯米松二丙酸酯、丙炎松(triamcinolone acetonide)、布德松和莫米松糠酸酯(mometasone furoate);β受体激动剂如沙丁胺醇、沙美特罗和福莫特罗;抗胆碱能剂如异丙托溴胺(ipratropriumbromide)或噻托(tiotropium);血管扩张剂如treprostinal和伊洛前列素(iloprost);酶如DNA酶;治疗性蛋白;免疫球蛋白抗体;寡核苷酸如单链或双链DNA或RNA、siRNA;抗生素如妥布霉素;毒蕈碱受体拮抗剂;白三烯拮抗剂;细胞因子拮抗剂;蛋白酶抑制剂;色甘酸钠(cromolyn sodium);nedocril sodium和色甘酸钠(sodiumcromoglycate)。
[0401]应该理解,任何给药途径的联合应用包括以任何制剂通过相同的给药途径共同输送本发明化合物和一种或多种其它治疗,所述制剂包括两种化合物被化学连接的制剂,这样,在施用时它们保持其治疗活性。联合应用包括给予共制剂或化学连接化合物制剂,或共同给予单独制剂中的化合物。可以通过从一个设备输送共同给予单独的制剂,例如,同一吸入设备、同一注射器等,或者可以从分开的设备共同给予单独的制剂,这种情况下的共同给予是指在彼此的短时间内给予。通过相同的途径给予的本发明化合物和一种或多种附加治疗的共制剂包括共同制备物质,由此,它们可以由一个设备给予,所述设备含有组合在一种制剂中的单独化合物,或者被修饰以至于被化学连接而仍然保持其生物学活性的化合物。这种化学连接的化合物可以具有在体内被充分保持的键合,或者所述键合可以在体内断裂,使两种活性组分分开。
[0402]通过标准程序可以确定待施用的各种化合物的量,考虑的因素例如所述化合物IC50、所述化合物的生物半衰期、对象的年龄、大小和体重以及与对象有关的病症。这些因素和其它因素的重要性对本领域普通技术人员而言是熟知的。一般而言,剂量对于被治疗的对象将是在大约0.01mg/kg与50mg/kg之间,优选在0.1mg/kg和20mg/kg之间。可以使用多次剂量。
XV.PDE4B的操作
[0403]因为来自多种哺乳动物包括人的PDE4B的全长编码序列和氨基酸序列是已知的,所以克隆、构建重组PDE4B、重组蛋白质的生产和纯化、PDE4B向其它生物体中的引入以及PDE4B的其它分子生物学操作可以容易地进行。
[0404]操作核酸的技术,例如,如亚克隆、标记探针(例如使用Klenow聚合酶的随机-引物标记、切口平移、扩增)、测序、杂交以及类似技术被完整地公开在科学文献和专利文献中,例如参见Sambrook,ed.,Molecular Cloning:a LaboratoryManual(2nd ed.),Vols.1-3,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,(1989);Current Protocolsin Molecular Biology,Ausubel,ed.John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,New York(1997);Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology:Hybridization WithNucleic Acid Probes,Part I.Theory and Nucleic Acid Preparation,Tijssen ed.Elservier,N.Y.(1993)。
[0405]使用扩增方法,例如PCR、等温方法、滚环方法等,可以根据需要扩增核酸序列,用于进一步的应用,这是技术人员熟知的。例如参见Saiki,“Amplificationof Genomic DNA”in PCR Protocols,Innis et al.,Eds.,Academic Press,San Diego,CA1990,pp 13-20;Wharam et al.,Nucleic Acids Res.2001 Jun 1;29(11):E54-E54;Hafneret al.,Biotechniques 2001 Apr;30(4):852-6,858,860 passim;Zhong et al.,Biotechniques 2001 Apr;30(4):852-6,858,860 passim。
[0406]通过本领域技术人员熟知的大量一般方法中的任意方法,可以分析和定量核酸、载体、衣壳、多肽以及类似物。这些包括,例如,分析生化方法例如NMR、分光光度法、射线照相术、电泳、毛细管电泳、高效液相色谱(HPLC)、薄层层析(TLC)及超扩散层析,多种免疫学方法,例如流体或凝胶扩散沉淀反应、免疫扩散、免疫电泳、放射免疫测定(RIAs)、酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISAs)、免疫荧光测定、DNA分析、RNA分析、斑点印迹分析、凝胶电泳(例如SDS-PAGE)、核酸或靶或信号放大方法、放射性标记、闪烁计数和亲和层析。
[0407]通过从基因组样品克隆,以及如果需要的话,通过筛选和再克隆插入片段,可以获得用于在实践本发明的方法中使用的核酸并对其进行操作,所述插入片段例如从基因组克隆或cDNA克隆分离或扩增。在本发明的方法中使用的核酸的来源包括基因组或cDNA文库,其包含在例如哺乳动物人工染色体(MACs)中,例如参见美国专利5,721,118;6,025,155;人类人工染色体,例如参见Rosenfeld(1997)Nat.Genet.15:333-335;酵母人工染色体(YAC);细菌人工染色体(BAC);P1人工染色体,例如参见Woon(1998)Genomics 50:306-316;P1-衍生载体(PACs),例如参见Kern(1997)Biotechniques 23:120-124;黏粒、重组病毒、噬菌体或质粒。
[0408]本发明的核酸可以被操纵性地连接到启动子。启动子可以是指导核酸转录的一个基序或者核酸控制序列的排列。启动子可以包括在转录的起始位点附近的必需的核酸序列,例如,在聚合酶II型启动子情况下,TATA元件。启动子也任选包括远端增强子或阻遏物元件,其可以位于距离转录的起始位点多达数千碱基对之处。“组成型”启动子是在大多数环境和发育条件下是活性的启动子。“诱导型”启动子是在环境或发育调节下的启动子。“组织特异性”启动子在生物体的某些组织类型中是活性的,但在相同生物体的其它组织类型中不是活性的。词语“操纵性连接(operably linked)”指的是在核酸表达控制序列(例如启动子或转录因子结合位点的排列)与第二核酸序列之间的功能连接,其中表达控制序列指导对应于第二序列的核酸的转录。
[0409]本发明的核酸也可以被提供在表达载体和克隆载体中,例如编码本发明的多肽的序列。本发明的表达载体和克隆载体可以包括病毒颗粒、杆状病毒、噬菌体、质粒、噬菌粒、黏粒、F黏粒、细菌人工染色体、病毒DNA(例如牛痘、腺病毒、禽痘病毒、伪狂犬病病毒和SV40的衍生物)、P1-型人工染色体、酵母质粒、酵母人工染色体和特异于特定的感兴趣宿主的任何其它载体(例如杆菌、曲霉属(Aspergillus)和酵母)。本发明的载体可以包括染色体DNA序列、非染色体DNA序列和合成的DNA序列。大量合适的载体是本领域技术人员已知的并且是商业可得的。
[0410]使用常规分子生物学方法,如果需要的话,本发明的核酸可以被克隆到多种载体中的任何一种中;克隆体外扩增的核酸的方法被公开在例如美国专利5,426,039中。为便于扩增序列的克隆,限制酶位点可以被“构建到”PCR引物对中。载体可以被引入到基因组或引入到胞质或细胞的核中,并且通过众多常规技术来表达,其在科学和专利文献中得以完整地描述。例如参见Roberts(1987)Nature328:731;Schneider(1995)Protein Expr.Purif 6435:10;Sambrook,Tijssen or Ausubel。也可以从天然来源分离载体,从来源例如ATCC或GenBank文库获得载体,或者通过合成或重组方法制备载体。例如,本发明的核酸可以被表达在表达盒、载体或病毒中,所述表达盒、载体或病毒在细胞中被稳定表达或瞬时表达(例如附加型表达系统)。可以将选择标记整入到表达盒和载体中,以使转化的细胞和序列具有可选择的表型。例如,选择标记可以编码用于附加型的维持和复制(episomalmaintenance and replication),以致于不需要整合到宿主基因组中。
[0411]本发明的核酸被体内施用,用于在原位表达本发明的肽或多肽。核酸可以作为“裸DNA”而被施用(例如参见美国专利5,580,859),或者以表达载体的形式被施用,例如重组病毒。可以通过任何途径施用核酸,包括肿瘤外周施用(peri-tumorally)或肿瘤内施用(intra-tumorally),如下所述。体内施用的载体可以来自病毒基因组,包括重组修饰的有包被或无包被的DNA病毒和RNA病毒,优选地选自杆状病毒科、细小病毒科、picornoviridae、疱疹病毒科、痘病毒科、腺病毒科或picornnaviridiae。也可以使用嵌合载体,其利用了每一个亲代载体性质的有利特征(例如参见Feng(1997)Nature Biotechnology 15:866-870)。通过重组DNA技术,此类病毒基因组可以被修饰以包括本发明的核酸;并且可以被进一步改造为复制缺陷型、条件复制型或可复制型。在可选的方面,载体来自腺病毒(adenoviral)(例如来自人腺病毒基因组的不可复制型载体,例如参见美国专利6,096,718;6,110,458;6,113,913;5,631,236);腺病毒相关病毒(adeno-associated viral)和反转录病毒基因组。反转录病毒载体可以包括基于鼠白血病病毒(MuLV)、长臂猿白血病病毒(GaLV)、猿免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)、人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)以及它们的组合的载体;例如参见美国专利6,117,681;6,107,478;5,658,775;5,449,614;Buchscher(1992)J.Virol.66:2731-2739;Johann(1992)Virol.66:1635-1640)。腺病毒相关病毒(AAV)型载体可以被用于用靶核酸转导细胞,例如在核酸和肽的体外生产中,以及在体内基因治疗步骤和先体外后体内基因治疗步骤中;例如参见美国专利6,110,456;5,474,935;Okada(1996)Gene Ther 3:957-964。
[0412]本发明也涉及融合蛋白和编码它们的核酸。本发明的多肽可以被融合为异源肽或多肽,例如N端鉴定肽,其给予了期望的特征,例如增加的稳定性或简化的纯化。本发明的肽和多肽也可以被合成和表达为融合蛋白,其具有连接在那里的一个或多个另外的结构域,例如用于产生更加具有免疫原性的肽,以便更容易地分离重组合成肽、鉴定和分离抗体和表达抗体的B细胞等等。有利于检测和纯化的结构域包括例如金属鳌合肽,例如允许在固定化金属上进行纯化的聚组氨酸区和组氨酸-色氨酸模块(histidine-tryptophan modules)、允许在固定的免疫球蛋白上进行纯化的蛋白A结构域以及用在FLAGS延伸/亲和纯化系统(Immunex Corp,Seattle WA)中的结构域。在纯化结构域和含基序的肽或多肽之间引入可切割连接体序列,例如Xa因子或肠激酶(Invitrogen,San Diego CA),以促进纯化。例如,表达载体可以包括表位编码核酸序列,其连接至六个组氨酸残基,之后是硫氧还蛋白和肠激酶切割位点(例如参见Williams(1995)Biochemistry 34:1787-1797;Dobeli(1998)Protein Expr Purif.12:404-414)。组氨酸残基有助于检测和纯化,而肠激酶切割位点提供了用于将表位从融合蛋白的剩余部分纯化出来的方法。在一个方面,编码本发明的多肽的核酸以合适的位置与前导序列装配,该前导序列能够指引翻译后的多肽或其片段的分泌。有关编码融合蛋白的载体的技术和融合蛋白的应用的技术被完整公开在科学文献和专利文献中,例如参见Kroll(1993)DNA Cell.Biol.12:441-53。
[0413]本发明的核酸和多肽可以与固相支持物结合,例如用在筛选和诊断方法中。固相支持物可以包括例如膜(例如硝化纤维或尼龙)、微量滴定盘(例如PVC、聚丙烯或聚苯乙烯)、试管(玻璃或塑料)、浸杆(例如玻璃、PVC、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、乳胶以及类似物)、微量离心管,或玻璃、硅石、塑料、金属珠或聚合物珠,或其它基质例如纸。一种固相支持体使用包含金属(例如钴或镍)的柱,其特异性结合到通过工程手段与肽连接的组氨酸标签。
[0414]分子粘合到固相支持物上可以是直接的(即分子接触该固相支持物)或间接的(“连接体”与支持物结合,并且感兴趣的分子与该连接物结合)。分子可以是被共价地固定(例如,利用半胱氨酸残基的单反应性硫醇基(例如参见Colliuod(1993)Bioconjugate Chem.4:528-536)或非共价但特异性地固定(例如,经由固定的抗体(例如参见Schuhmann(1991)Adv.Mater 3:388-391;Lu(1995)Anal.Chem.67:83-87;生物素/链霉抗生物素系统(例如参见Iwane(1997)Biophys.Biochem.Comm.230:76-80);金属螯合,例如Langmuir-Blodgett膜(例如参见Ng(1995)Languir 11:4048-55);金属螯合自组装单层(例如参见Sigal(1996)Anal.Chem.68:490-497),用于聚组氨酸融合物的结合。
[0415]使用商业可得的众多连接体可以实现间接结合。反应端可以是多种官能度中的任何一种,包括而不限于氨基反应端,例如N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)活性酯、亚氨酸酯、醛、环氧化物、磺酰卤化物、异氰酸酯、异硫氰酸盐和硝基芳基卤化物(nitroaryl halides);和硫醇反应端,例如吡啶基二硫化物(pyridyl disulfides)、马来酰亚胺、硫代酞酰亚胺(thiophthalimides)和活性卤。异型双功能交联剂具有两个不同的反应端,例如氨基反应端和硫醇反应端,而同型双功能交联剂具有两个相似的反应端,例如双马来酰亚胺己烷(bismaleimidohexane)(BMH),其允许含硫氢基的化合物的交联。间隔子可以具有变化的长度,并且可以是脂族或芳香族的。商业可得的同型双功能交联剂的例子包括但不限于亚氨酸酯,例如己二亚氨酸二甲酯二盐酸盐(dimethyl adipimidate dihydrochloride)(DMA);庚二亚氨酸二甲酯二盐酸盐(dimethyl pimelimidate dihydrochloride)(DMP);和辛二亚氨酸二甲酯二盐酸盐(dimethyl suberimidate dihydrochloride)(DMS)。异型双功能交联剂包括商业可得的活性卤-NHS活性酯偶联剂,例如N-琥珀酰亚胺基溴乙酯(N-succinimidylbromoacetate)和N-琥珀酰亚胺基(4-碘乙酰基)氨基苯甲酸酯(N-succinimidyl(4-iodoacetyl)aminobenzoate)(SIAB),以及磺基琥珀酰亚胺基(sulfosuccinimidyl)衍生物,例如磺基琥珀酰亚胺基(4-碘乙酰基)氨基苯甲酸酯(磺基-SIAB)(Pierce)。另一组偶联剂是异型双功能和硫醇可切割剂,例如N-琥珀酰亚胺基3-(2-吡啶基二硫)丙酸酯(SPDP)(Pierce Chemicals,Rockford,IL)。
[0416]抗体也可以被用于将本发明的多肽和肽结合到固相支持物上。这可以直接通过将肽特异性抗体结合到柱来完成,或者可以通过产生融合蛋白嵌合体来完成,所述嵌合体包括连接到例如已知表位(例如标签(例如FLAG、myc)或者合适的免疫球蛋白的恒定区序列(“免疫黏附素(immunoadhesin)”,例如参见Capon(1989)Nature 377:525-531(1989))的含基序的肽。
[0417]本发明的核酸或多肽可以被固定到阵列或应用于阵列。阵列可以被用于筛选或监测组分的文库(例如小分子、抗体、核酸等),检测它们结合本发明的核酸或多肽或调节本发明的核酸或多肽的活性的能力。例如,在本发明的一个方面,被监测的参数是包括本发明的核酸的基因的转录体表达。通过杂交包括细胞的转录体的样品,或杂交代表细胞转录体的核酸或细胞转录体的互补核酸,或者通过与阵列或“生物芯片”上的固定化核酸杂交,可以测量细胞的一种或多种或者所有的转录体。通过使用在微芯片上的核酸的“阵列”,可以同时对细胞的一些或所有转录体进行定量。可选地,包括基因组核酸的阵列也可以被用于确定通过本发明的方法而制备的新工程菌株的基因型。多肽阵列也可以被用于同时对众多蛋白质进行定量。
[0418]如此处所用的术语“阵列(array)”或“微阵列(microarray)”或“生物芯片(biochip)”或“芯片(chip)”是众多的靶元件,每个靶元件包括固定到基底表面的确定区域的确定量的一个或多个多肽(包括抗体)或核酸。在实践本发明的方法中,可以完全或部分引入任何已知的阵列和/或制作和使用阵列的方法,以及其变化形式,例如,如在美国专利6,277,628;6,277,489;6,261,776;6,258,606;6,054,270;6,048,695;6,045,996;6,022,963;6,013,440;5,965,452;5,959,098;5,856,174;5,830,645;5,770,456;5,632,957;5,556,752;5,143,854;5,807,522;5,800,992;5,744,305;5,700,637;5,556,752;5,434,049中所公开的;例如也参见WO 99/51773;WO 99/09217;WO 97/46313;WO 96/17958;例如也参见Johnston(1998)Cur. Biol.8:R171-R174;Schummer(1997)Biotechniques 23:1087-1092;Kern(1997)Biotechniques 23:120-124;Solinas-Toldo(1997)Genes,Chromosomes &Cancer 20:399-407;Bowtell(1999)Nature Genetics Supp.21:25-32。也参见公开的美国专利申请20010018642;20010019827;20010016322;20010014449;20010014448;20010012537;20010008765。
宿主细胞和转化细胞
[0419]本发明也提供转化细胞,其包括本发明的核酸序列,例如编码本发明的多肽的序列,或本发明的载体。宿主细胞可以是本领域技术人员所熟悉的宿主细胞中的任何一种,包括原核细胞、真核细胞,例如细菌细胞、真菌细胞、酵母细胞、哺乳动物细胞、昆虫细胞或植物细胞。示例性细菌细胞包括大肠杆菌(E.coli)、链霉菌(Streptomyces)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)和假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)属、链霉菌(Streptomyces)属和葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus)属的各个种。示例性昆虫细胞包括果蝇(Drosophila)S2和夜蛾(Spodoptera)Sf9。示例性动物细胞包括CHO、COS或Bowes黑素瘤或任何鼠或人细胞系。对合适的宿主的选择在本领域技术人员的能力范围之内。
[0420]使用众多技术中的任何一种,可以将载体引入宿主细胞中,所述技术包括转化、转染、转导、病毒感染、基因枪或Ti-介导的基因转移。具体方法包括磷酸钙转染、DEAE-葡聚糖介导的转染、脂转染或电穿孔。
[0421]可以在常规营养培养基中培养工程宿主细胞,所述培养基被改良为适合活化启动子、选择转化体或扩增本发明的基因。在合适的宿主菌株被转化并且该宿主菌株生长到适宜的细胞密度之后,被选择的启动子可以通过合适的手段(例如温度变动或化学诱导)被诱导,并且细胞可以被培养另外一段时间,以使它们产生期望的多肽或其片段。
[0422]通过离心可以收获细胞,通过物理方法或化学方法破裂细胞,并且保留所产生的相提物用于进一步纯化。用于蛋白质表达的微生物细胞可以通过任何常规方法来破裂,所述方法包括冻-融循环、超声处理、机械破碎或使用细胞裂解剂。此类方法是本领域技术人员熟知的。通过包括硫酸铵或乙醇沉淀、酸萃取、阴离子或阳离子交换层析、磷酸纤维素层析、疏水作用层析、亲和层析、羟磷灰石层析和凝集素层析的方法,表达的多肽或片段可以从重组细胞培养物中被回收且纯化。根据需要,可以使用蛋白质重折叠步骤来完成多肽的构型。如果需要的话,可以使用高效液相色谱(HPLC)进行最后的纯化步骤。
[0423]各种哺乳动物细胞培养系统也可以被用于表达重组蛋白。哺乳动物表达系统的例子包括猴肾成纤维细胞的COS-7系和能够表达来自相容载体的蛋白质的其它细胞系,例如C127、3T3、CHO、HeLa和BHK细胞系。
[0424]在宿主细胞中的构建物可以以常规的方式被用于生产被重组序列编码的基因产物。取决于在重组生产步骤中所使用的宿主,由含有载体的宿主细胞产生的多肽可以是糖基化的或者可以是非糖基化的。本发明的多肽也可以包括或不包括初始的甲硫氨酸氨基酸残基。
[0425]也可以使用无细胞翻译系统生产本发明的多肽。无细胞翻译系统可以使用转录自DNA构建物的mRNAs,该DNA构建物包括与编码多肽或其片段的核酸操纵性连接的启动子。在一些方面中,在进行体外转录反应之前,DNA构建物可以被线性化。然后用合适的无细胞翻译提取液,例如兔网织红细胞提取液,温育转录的mRNAs,以产生期望多肽或其片段。
[0426]表达载体可以含有一个或多个选择标记基因,以提供用于转化宿主细胞的选择的表型特性,例如真核细胞培养物的二氢叶酸还原酶抗性或新霉素抗性,或者例如在大肠杆菌中的四环素抗性或氨苄青霉素抗性。
[0427]对于在哺乳动物细胞中的瞬时表达,编码感兴趣多肽的cDNA可以被引入到哺乳动物表达载体中,例如pcDNA1,其商业供应自Invitrogen Corporation(SanDiego,Calif.,U.S.A.;目录号V490-20)。这是为真核系统中的cDNA表达以及原核生物中的cDNA分析而设计的多功能4.2kb质粒载体,整合在载体上的是CMV启动子和增强子、剪接片段和多腺苷酸化信号、SV40和多瘤病毒的复制起点、拯救用于测序和突变发生的单链DNA的M13起点、用于产生正义和反义RNA转录体的Sp6和T7 RNA启动子以及Col E1样高拷贝质粒起点。多接头适宜地位于CMV启动子的下游(和T7启动子的3′)。
[0428]cDNA插入片段首先可以从上述整合在pcDNAI多接头的合适的限制位点的噬粒释放。可以沿着衔接点进行测序,以证明在pcDNAI中的正确的插入方向。然后可以将所产生的质粒引入所选的哺乳动物细胞宿主,例如来自猴的COS-1谱系的成纤维样细胞(供应自美国典型培养物保藏中心,Rockville,Md.ATCC CRL1650),用于瞬时表达。
[0429]对于编码蛋白质的DNA的瞬时表达,例如,通过DEAE介导的DNA转染,可以用大约8μgDNA/106个COS细胞转染COS-1细胞,并用氯喹处理,按照Sambrook et al,Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual,1989,Cold Spring HarborLaboratory Press,Cold Spring Harbor N.pp.16.30-16.37描述的步骤。示例性的方法如下。简言之,以5×106个细胞/盘的密度铺COS-1细胞,然后在FBS补充的DMEM/F12培养基中生长24小时。然后移去培养基,在PBS中洗涤细胞,然后在培养基中洗涤细胞。将含有DEAE葡聚糖(0.4mg/ml)、100μM氯喹、10%NuSerum和DNA(0.4mg/ml)的DMEM/F12培养基的转染溶液以10ml体积施用于细胞上。在37℃温育3小时之后,如刚刚描述地在PBS和培养基中洗涤细胞,之后用含10%DMSO的DMEM/F12培养基短时作用1分钟。使细胞在10%FBS补充的培养基中生长2-3天,并在温育结束时将培养皿(dishes)置于冰上,用冰冷的PBS洗涤,然后通过刮擦(scraping)移除。然后通过在1000rpm离心10分钟收获细胞,并且将细胞团在液氮中冷冻,用于随后的蛋白质表达使用。可以使用冷冻细胞的解冻试样小份的RNA印迹分析来证明储存的细胞中的编码受体的cDNA的表达。
[0430]以同样的方式,也可以制备稳定转染的细胞系,例如,使用两种不同的细胞类型作为宿主:CHO K1和CHO Pro5。为构建这些细胞系,可以将编码相关蛋白质的cNDA整合到哺乳动物表达载体pRC/CMV(Invitrogen)中,这使稳定的表达得以发生。在该部位的插入将cNDA放置于巨细胞病毒启动子的表达调控下和聚腺苷酸化位点以及牛生长激素基因的终止子的上游,并且将cNDA置于包括作为选择标记的新霉素抗性基因(通过SV40早期启动子驱动)的载体背景(vectorbackground)中。
[0431]引入如上所述构建的质粒的示例性试验步骤如下。首先将宿主CHO细胞以5×105的密度接种在10%FBS补充的MEM培养基中。生长24小时之后,向板中加入新鲜培养基,三小时之后,使用磷酸钙-DNA共沉淀步骤转染细胞(Sambrooket al,supra)。简言之,在室温下,使3μgDNA与缓冲钙溶液混合且温育10分钟。加入等体积的缓冲磷酸盐溶液,并且在室温下将悬液温育15分钟。接下来,将温育的悬液施用于细胞4小时,去除,并且用含有15%甘油的培养基短时作用细胞。三分钟之后,用培养基洗涤细胞,并使其在正常生长条件下培养24小时。在含有G418(1mg/ml)的10%FBS补充的α-MEM培养基中选择具有新霉素抗性的细胞。大约2-3周之后,分离抗G418细胞的各个菌落,进行克隆选择,然后繁殖,用于分析测定目的。
实施例
[0432]下面描述了包括在本发明中的很多实施例。在大多数情况下,也可以使用可选的技术。所述实施例的目的是示例性的,而不是限定或限制本发明的范围。
实施例1:式Ia化合物的合成
方案1
Figure A20058003698001051
步骤1式III的合成
[0433]通过在碱例如三乙胺、吡啶、氢氧化物水溶液等存在的情况下,在极性溶剂例如二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)或水中,与含有离去基团例如氯、甲苯磺酰基等的试剂反应,可以从商业上可得的化合物II制备式III的化合物(Greene,T.W.;Wuts,P.G.M.Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,3rd ed.;John Wiley & Sons:New York,1999)。产物可以通过常规的操作程序,例如用有机溶剂萃取产物和蒸发得以分离。
步骤2式IV的合成
[0434]通过在四氯化碳中与溴反应或在THF中与N-溴丁二酰亚胺反应,可以从化合物III制备式IV的化合物。产物可以通过常规的操作过程,例如用有机溶剂萃取产物并通过柱层析纯化而分离。
步骤3式V的合成
[0435]通过在Suzuki反应条件下与硼酸反应,可以从化合物IV制备式V的化合物(Smith M.B.;March,J.March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry:Reactions,Mechanisms,and Structure,5th ed.;John Wiley & Sons:New York,2001 p868)。可选地,化合物IV也可以与锡、锌或铜试剂反应,这分别在Stille、Negishi或Cuprate偶合反应条件下发生(Smith M.B.;March,J.March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry:Reactions,Mechanisms,and Structure,5th ed.;John Wiley & Sons:New York,2001 p931),得到化合物V。产物可以通过常规的操作过程,例如用有机溶剂萃取产物并通过柱层析纯化而分离。
步骤4式VI的合成
[0436]式VI化合物可以如下制备:使化合物V与氟化物(对于甲硅烷基保护基团-用氟化四丁基铵或氟化铵)(Greene,T.W.;Wuts,P.G.M.Protective Groups inOrganic Synthesis,3rd ed.; John Wiley & Sons:New York,1999,p620)、碱(对于芳基砜保护基团-用氢氧化钾水溶液)(Greene,T.W.;Wuts,P.G.M.Protective Groups inOrganic Synthesis,3rd ed.;John Wiley & Sons:New York,1999,p615)、或酸(对于氨基甲酸盐-用三氟乙酸)(Greene,T.W.;Wuts,P.G.M.Protective Groups in OrganicSynthesis,3rd ed.;John Wiley & Sons:New York,1999,p272)反应,并按照标准的操作过程例如用有机溶剂萃取产物并通过柱层析纯化而分离产物。
步骤5式Ia的合成
[0437]在碱性条件下,通过使化合物VI与亲核性试剂例如酰基氯、磺酰氯、异氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯、烷基卤、苄基卤等反应,可以制备式Ia的化合物(Generalreference:Smith M.B.;March,J.March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry:Reactions,Mechanisms,and Structure,5th ed.;John Wiley & Sons:New York,2001)。产物可以通过标准的操作过程,例如用有机溶剂萃取产物并通过柱层析纯化而分离。
实施例2:式Ia化合物的其他合成:
方案2
Figure A20058003698001061
步骤1式VII的合成
[0438]式VII的化合物可以如下制备:通过在低温例如-20℃下与四氯化碳中的溴反应,或与TNF中的N-溴丁二酰亚胺反应,从商业上可得的化合物II制备。产物可以通过常规的操作过程,例如用有机溶剂萃取产物并通过柱层析纯化而分离。
步骤2式IV的合成
[0439]在极性溶剂例如二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)或水中,在存在碱例如三乙胺、吡啶、氢氧化物水溶液等的情况下,通过与含有离去基团例如氯、甲苯磺酰基等的试剂反应,可以从化合物VII制备式IV化合物。产物可以通过常规的操作过程,例如用有机溶剂萃取产物和蒸发得以分离。
步骤3式V的合成
[0440]通过在Suzuki反应条件下与硼酸反应,可以从化合物IV制备式V的化合物。可选地,化合物IV也可以与锡、锌或铜试剂反应,这分别在Stille、Negishi或cuprate偶合反应条件下发生,得到化合物V。产物可以通过常规的操作过程,例如用有机溶剂萃取产物并通过柱层析纯化而分离。
步骤4式VI的合成
[0441]式VI化合物可以如下制备:使化合物V与氟化物(对于甲硅烷基保护基团-用氟化四丁基铵或氟化铵)、碱(对于芳基砜保护基团-应用氢氧化钾水溶液)、或酸(对于氨基甲酸盐-应用三氟乙酸)反应,按照标准的操作过程例如用有机溶剂萃取产物并通过柱层析纯化而分离产物。
步骤5式Ia的合成
[0442]在碱性条件下,通过使化合物VI与亲核性试剂例如酰基氯、磺酰氯、异氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯等反应,可以制备式Ia的化合物。产物可以通过标准的操作过程,例如用有机溶剂萃取产物并通过柱层析纯化而分离。
实施例3:式Ia化合物的其他合成:
方案3
Figure A20058003698001071
步骤1式VIII的合成
[0443]通过与硼酸的三丁基酯反应,可以从化合物IV制备式VIII的化合物,如Gilman et al.in J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1957,79,3077所述。产物可以通过传统的操作过程,例如用有机溶剂萃取产物并通过柱层析纯化而分离。
步骤2式V的合成
[0444]通过使化合物VIII与式A-Br或A-I的化合物在Suzuki反应条件下反应,和按照标准的操作过程,例如用有机溶剂萃取产物以及通过柱层析纯化而分离产物,可以制备式V的化合物。
步骤3式VI的合成
[0445]式VI化合物可以如下制备:使化合物V与氟化物(对于甲硅烷基保护基团-用氟化四丁基铵或氟化铵)、碱(对于芳基砜保护基团-应用氢氧化钾水溶液)、或酸(对于氨基甲酸盐-应用三氟乙酸)反应,按照标准的操作过程例如用有机溶剂萃取产物并通过柱层析纯化而分离产物。
步骤4式Ia的合成
[0446]在碱性条件下,通过使化合物VI与亲核性试剂例如酰基氯、磺酰氯、异氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯等反应,可以制备式Ia的化合物。产物可以通过标准的操作过程,例如用有机溶剂萃取产物并通过柱层析纯化而分离。
实施例4:式Ia化合物的其他合成:
方案4
Figure A20058003698001081
步骤1式IX的合成
[0447]在碱性条件下,通过使化合物VII与亲核性试剂例如酰基氯、磺酰氯、异氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯、烷基卤、苄基卤等反应,可以制备式IX的化合物。产物可以按照标准的操作过程,例如用有机溶剂萃取产物并通过柱层析纯化得以分离。
步骤2式Ia的合成
[0448]通过在Suzuki反应条件下(含水碱和Pd(0)催化剂,或带有二_烷中的KF和Pd(0)催化剂的无水条件)与硼酸反应,可以从化合物IX制备式Ia的化合物。可选地,化合物IX也可以与锡试剂、锌试剂或铜试剂反应,分别在Stille、Negishi或cuprate偶合反应条件下发生,得到化合物Ia。产物可以通过传统的操作过程,例如用有机溶剂萃取产物并通过柱层析纯化得以分离。
实施例5:式Ia化合物的其他合成:
方案5
Figure A20058003698001091
步骤1式X的合成
[0449]通过与硼酸的三丁基酯反应,可以从化合物IX制备式X的化合物,如Gilman et al.in J.Am.Chem.Soc.,1957,79,3077所述。产物可以通过传统的操作过程,例如用有机溶剂萃取产物并通过柱层析纯化而分离。
步骤2式Ia的合成
[0450]通过使化合物X与式A-Br或A-I的化合物在Suzuki反应条件下反应,和按照标准的操作过程,例如用有机溶剂萃取产物以及通过柱层析纯化而分离产物,可以制备式Ia的化合物。
[0451]实施例6:式Ia化合物的其他合成:
方案6
Figure A20058003698001092
步骤1式VI的合成
[0452]通过在Suzuki反应条件下(含水碱和Pd(0)催化剂,或带有二_烷中的KF和Pd(0)催化剂的无水条件)与硼酸反应,可以从化合物VII制备式VI的化合物。可选地,化合物VII也可以与锡试剂、锌试剂或铜试剂反应,分别在Stille、Negishi或cuprate偶合反应条件下发生,得到化合物VI。产物可以通过常规的操作过程,例如用有机溶剂萃取产物并通过柱层析纯化得以分离。
步骤2式Ia的合成
[0453]在碱性条件下,通过使化合物VI与亲核性试剂例如酰基氯、磺酰氯、异氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯、烷基卤、苄基卤等反应,可以制备式Ia的化合物。产物可以按照标准的操作过程,例如用有机溶剂萃取产物并通过柱层析纯化得以分离。
实施例7:中间体3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶1的合成
方案7
Figure A20058003698001101
步骤13-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶3的制备
[0454]在氮气氛下将7-吖吲哚(2,3.57g,30.2mmol)溶解在四氢呋喃(240mL)中。在氮气氛下,-40℃,加入四氢呋喃中的N-溴丁二酰亚胺(5.38g,30.2mmol)。随着反应混合物逐渐升温至室温,对其搅拌数小时,随后对反应进行TLC。用硫代硫酸钠五水合物(7.50g,30.2mmol)水溶液(1M)淬灭反应。分出两层,用乙酸乙酯萃取水层。用水、盐水洗涤合并的有机层,用无水硫酸钠干燥,并蒸发至干燥。经柱层析(25-40%乙酸乙酯,溶于己烷)纯化粗产物,得到呈白色固体的所需产物3,(4.20g,21.3mmol)。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=198.5。
步骤21-苯磺酰基-3-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶4的制备
[0455]将3-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶(3,280mg,1.4mmol)溶解在丙酮中(15mL),加入碳酸钾(220mg,1.6mmol),随后加入苯磺酰氯(0.2mL,1.6mmol)。将反应混合物加热至回流过夜,过滤并在减压下浓缩。得到的固体通过急骤层析(flashchromatography)(5%-20%乙酸乙酯∶己烷)纯化,得到所需产物4,(300mg,47%)。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=455.0。
步骤31-苯磺酰基-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶5的制备
[0456]将1-苯磺酰基-3-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶(4,1.00g,2.96mmol)溶解在四氢呋喃(16mL)中,并加入3,4-二甲氧基苯基硼酸(1.35g,7.41mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(200mg,0.1mmol)和1M碳酸钾(8mL)。在CEM Discover微波中加热反应混合物,120℃10分钟。在减压下浓缩反应混合物并在乙酸乙酯和水之间分配。有机部分用无水硫酸镁干燥、过滤,滤液在二氧化硅上吸收。通过急骤层析(30%乙酸乙酯∶己烷)纯化混合物,得到所需产物5,(909mg,78%)。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=394.9。
步骤43-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶1的制备
[0457]将1-苯磺酰基-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶(5,290mg,0.74mmol)溶解在乙醇中(4mL),加入氢氧化钾颗粒(330mg,5.9mmol)。在CEMDiscover微波仪中加热反应,120℃10分钟。使反应混合物浓缩至干燥,残余物在乙酸乙酯和饱和碳酸氢钠之间进行分配。有机部分用无水硫酸镁干燥、过滤,滤液浓缩,得到所需的产物1,其可以不需进一步纯化而应用(191mg)。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=255.1。
实施例8:关键中间体3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶1的其他合成
方案8
步骤13-溴-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯6的制备
[0458]在氮气氛下,向圆底烧瓶中加入3-溴-7-吖吲哚(3,2.6g,13.0mmol)和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(50mL)和氢化钠(60%,分散在矿物油中)(550mg,14.0mmol)。室温下搅拌反应混合物30分钟,随后加入二碳酸二叔丁酯(4.0g,18.0mmol)。室温下搅拌反应混合物过夜,倒入水中并萃取到乙酸乙酯中。用盐水洗涤有机层,经无水硫酸钠干燥。通过柱层析纯化粗产物(30%乙酸乙酯,溶于己烷),得到所需的产物6,为固体(3.0g,10.1mmol)。
步骤23-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶1的制备
[0459]向圆底烧瓶中加入3-溴-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(6,2.8g,9.4mmol)和四氢呋喃(100mL),四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(500mg,0.50mmol),3,4-二甲氧基苯基硼酸(2.1g,11mmol)和1M K2CO3溶液(50mL)。65℃搅拌反应混合物过夜。将反应混合物倒入水中并萃取到乙酸乙酯中。用盐水洗涤有机层并经无水硫酸镁干燥。通过柱层析(己烷和乙酸乙酯的梯度系统)纯化粗物质,得到标题化合物1,(500mg,2mmol,20%)和3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,4-b]吡啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(2.1g,5.9mmol,63%)。通过用酸试剂如TFA或HCl处理,后一化合物可以容易地转变成所需的化合物1。
实施例9:8-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-磺酰基]-喹啉7的合成
方案9
Figure A20058003698001121
8-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-磺酰基]-喹啉7的制备
[0460]将3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并-[2,3-b]吡啶1(50mg,0.20mmol)溶解在二氯甲烷中(4mL)。加入氢氧化钾水溶液(50%wt/vol,300μL)和四丁基硫酸氢铵(2mg,0.007mmol)。室温下搅拌反应混合物10分钟。向反应中加入8-喹啉-磺酰氯(48mg,0.21mmol),室温下搅拌反应混合物2小时。浓缩反应混合物,用盐水和乙酸乙酯洗涤残余物。用无水硫酸钠干燥有机部分并过滤。浓缩滤液并经制备型TLC(75%乙酸乙酯∶己烷)纯化。用乙酸乙酯从二氧化硅洗脱产物并过滤。浓缩滤液产生7(14mg,16%)。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=445.9。
实施例10:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-苯甲基磺酰基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶8的合成
Figure A20058003698001122
[0461]用与实施例9所述相同的方案制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-苯甲基磺酰基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶8,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯替换为苯基-甲磺酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=409.0。
实施例11:1-(3-氯-苯甲基磺酰基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶9的合成
[0462]用与实施例9所述相同的方案制备1-(3-氯-苯甲基磺酰基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶9,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯替换为(3-氯苯基)-甲磺酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=443.3。
实施例12:1-(联苯基-4-磺酰基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶10的合成
Figure A20058003698001132
[0463]用与实施例9相同所述的方案制备1-(联苯基-4-磺酰基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶10,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯替换为二苯基-4-磺酰氯。通过制备型TLC(50%乙酸乙酯∶己烷)纯化粗物质。用乙酸乙酯从二氧化硅洗脱化合物并浓缩得到油。用最小量的甲醇洗涤油,过滤收集白色沉淀,得到10。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=471.0。
实施例13:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(萘-2-磺酰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶11的合成
Figure A20058003698001141
[0464]用与实施例9所述相同的方案制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(萘-2-磺酰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶11,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯替换为2-萘-磺酰氯。通过制备型TLC(50%乙酸乙酯∶己烷)纯化粗物质。用乙酸乙酯从二氧化硅洗脱化合物并浓缩得到油。用最小量的甲醇洗涤油,过滤收集白色沉淀,得到11。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=445.0。
实施例14:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(4-甲基-萘-1-磺酰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶12的合成
Figure A20058003698001142
[0465]用与实施例9所述相同的方案制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(4-甲基-萘-1-磺酰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶12,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯替换为4-甲基-萘-1-磺酰氯。用乙酸乙酯洗涤粗提的油,得到固体,用乙腈∶水和甲醇∶二氯甲烷洗涤所述固体,得到12。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=458.9。
实施例15:8-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-磺酰基]-3-甲基-喹啉13的合成
Figure A20058003698001151
[0466]用与实施例9所述相同的方案制备8-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-磺酰基]-3-甲基-喹啉13,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯替换为3-甲基-喹啉-8-磺酰氯。用乙酸乙酯洗涤粗提的油,得到固体,用乙腈、甲醇和二氯甲烷洗涤所述固体,得到13。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=460.0。
实施例16:5-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-磺酰基]-异喹啉14的合成
[0467]用与实施例9所述相同的方案制备5-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-磺酰基]-异喹啉14,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯替换为异喹啉-5-磺酰氯。通过制备型TLC,在75%乙酸乙酯∶己烷和50%乙酸乙酯∶己烷的两个连续轮中纯化粗提混合物,得到14。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=446.0。
实施例17:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(4-苯氧基-苯磺酰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶15的合成
Figure A20058003698001161
[0468]用与实施例9所述相同的方案制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(4-苯氧基-苯磺酰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶15,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯替换为4-苯氧基-苯磺酰氯。从乙腈中结晶出粗提混合物,得到15。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=487.1。
实施例18:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(萘-1-磺酰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶16的合成
[0469]用与实施例9所述相同的方案制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(萘-1-磺酰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶16,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯替换为1-萘磺酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=445.5。
实施例19:1-(4-氯-苯甲基磺酰基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶17的合成
方案10
Figure A20058003698001171
1-(4-氯-苯甲基磺酰基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b ]吡啶17的制备
[0470]将3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶1(40mg,0.16mmol)溶解在四氢呋喃中(3.5mL)。加入氢化钠(60%,分散在矿物油中,10mg,0.24mmol)。搅拌反应15分钟。向反应混合物中加入(4-氯-苯基)-甲磺酰氯(40mg,0.18mmol)。搅拌混合物过夜,浓缩并在盐水和乙酸乙酯之间分配。用无水硫酸钠干燥有机部分、过滤和浓缩。用反相HPLC纯化产物,其中应用40-100%乙腈:0.1%甲酸水溶液。合适的组分被冻干,得到17,其为甲酸盐(7.5mg,11%)。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=443.0。
实施例20:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(3-硝基-苯甲基磺酰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶18的合成
Figure A20058003698001172
[0471]用与实施例19所述相同的方案制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(3-硝基-苯甲基磺酰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶18,其中将(4-氯-苯基)-甲磺酰氯替换为(3-硝基苯基)-甲磺酰氯。通过制备型TLC(50%乙酸乙酯∶己烷)纯化粗物质。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=454.0。
实施例21:1-苯磺酰基-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吲哚19的合成
方案11
Figure A20058003698001181
[0472]将1-苯磺酰基-3-溴吲哚20(350mg,1.0mmol)溶解在四氢呋喃中(6mL)。向该溶液中加入3,4-二甲氧基苯基硼酸(379mg,2.1mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(60mg,0.05mmol)和1M碳酸钾(3mL)。在CEM Discover微波仪中加热反应混合物,120℃10分钟。在减压下浓缩反应混合物并在乙酸乙酯和饱和碳酸氢钠之间进行分配。经无水硫酸镁干燥有机部分,并过滤。滤液在硅胶上吸附并通过急骤层析(5%-50%乙酸乙酯∶己烷)纯化,得到所需产物19,(359mg,88%)。
实施例22:8-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-喹啉21的合成
Figure A20058003698001182
步骤13-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吲哚22的制备
[0473]将1-苯磺酰基-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吲哚(350mg,0.89mmol)19溶解在乙醇(3mL)中,加入氢氧化钾颗粒(385mg,6.9mmol)。在CEM Discover微波仪中加热反应混合物,120℃10分钟。浓缩反应混合物至干燥,残余物在乙酸乙酯和饱和碳酸氢钠之间分配。用无水硫酸镁干燥有机部分,过滤,浓缩滤液得到所需产物22,其不需进一步纯化而应用(208mg,92%)。
步骤28-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-喹啉21的制备
[0474]将3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吲哚22(70mg,0.28mmol)溶解在二氯甲烷(5.0mL)中。加入溴化四-N-丁基铵(3mg,0.01mmol)和氢氧化钾水溶液(50%wt/vol,500μL)。搅拌反应混合物5分钟。加入8-喹啉-磺酰氯(89.5mg,0.39mmol),搅拌反应混合物2小时。用2N氢氧化锂和二氯甲烷萃取产物。用无水硫酸镁干燥有机部分,过滤。浓缩滤液并通过急骤层析(乙酸乙酯∶己烷0%-50%)纯化。合并适当的组分并浓缩得到21(76.1mg,90%)。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=445.0。
实施例23:8-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-磺酰基]-3-甲基-喹啉24的合成
方案13
Figure A20058003698001191
8-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-磺酰基]-3-甲基-喹啉24的制备
[0475]将3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶1(40mg,0.1mmol)溶解在二氯甲烷中(4mL)。加入氢氧化钾水溶液(50%wt/vol,300μL)和四丁基硫酸氢铵(20mg,0.007mmol)。室温下搅拌反应混合物10分钟。向反应中加入6-甲基-喹啉-8-磺酰氯(68mg,0.28mmol),该物质如所述地制备(Lubenets,V.I.; Stadnitskaya,N.E.;Novikov,V.P.;Russ.J.Org.Chem.; 36;2000;851-853),室温下搅拌反应混合物2小时。浓缩反应混合物,用盐水和乙酸乙酯洗涤残余物。用无水硫酸钠干燥有机部分并过滤。浓缩滤液,用乙腈洗涤得到的固体,得到24(43mg,60%)。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=460.1。
实施例24:8-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-3-甲基-喹啉25的合成
Figure A20058003698001192
[0476]用与实施例22中所述相同的方案制备8-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-3-甲基-喹啉25,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯替换为6-甲基-喹啉-8-磺酰氯。浓缩粗物质之后,向油中加入乙腈并使其静止。过滤得到的沉淀物,用乙腈进一步洗涤并在真空下干燥,得到所需产物25。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=459.1。
实施例25:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(4-氯-苯基)-酰胺26的合成
方案14
3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(4-氯-苯基)-酰胺26的制备
[0477]将3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶1(40mg,0.16mmol)溶解在苯中,加入溶解在四氢呋喃中(4mL)的4-氯苯基异氰酸酯(36mg,0.24mol)。加入4-二甲基氨基吡啶(20mg,聚合物结合)。在CEM Discover微波炉中加热反应,200℃10分钟。过滤混合物并浓缩。用最小量的甲醇洗涤得到的固体,过滤,随后用二氯甲烷洗涤,得到26(26mg,40%)。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=408.4。
实施例26:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(3-氯-4-甲氧基-苯基)-酰胺27的合成
Figure A20058003698001202
[0478]用与实施例25中所述相同的方案制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(3-氯4-甲氧基-苯基)-酰胺27,其中将4-氯苯基异氰酸酯替换为3-氯-4-甲氧苯基异氰酸酯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=438.4。
实施例27:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸苯基酰胺28的合成
[0479]用与实施例25中所述相同的方案制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸苯基酰胺28,其中将4-氯苯基异氰酸酯替换为异氰酸苯酯。在120℃初步加热15分钟之后,加入额外的异氰酸苯酯(500μL),在180℃的微波中再加热反应30分钟。用最小量的乙腈洗涤浓缩固体,并用反相HPLC纯化(0.1%甲酸∶乙腈),得到所需产物28。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=374.3。
实施例28:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(3,5-二甲氧基-苯基)-酰胺29的合成
Figure A20058003698001212
[0480]用与实施例25中所述相同的方案制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(3,5-二甲氧基-苯基)-酰胺29,其中将4-氯苯基异氰酸酯替换为3,5-二甲氧苯基异氰酸酯,于200℃微波加热20分钟。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=434.2。
实施例29:3-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羰基]-氨基-苯甲酸乙酯30的合成
Figure A20058003698001221
[0481]用与实施例25中所述相同的方案制备3-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羰基]-氨基-苯甲酸乙酯30,其中将4-氯苯基异氰酸酯替换为3-异氰酸根合苯甲酸乙酯,于200℃微波加热20分钟。用最小量的甲醇和二氯甲烷洗涤之后,用甲醇∶二氯甲烷(95∶5)稀释反应混合物并使其放置。通过过滤和真空干燥分离得到的沉淀物,得到30。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=446.5。
实施例30:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(4-氟-3-硝基-苯基)-酰胺31的合成
[0482]用与实施例25中所述相同的方案制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(4-氟-3-硝基-苯基)-酰胺31,其中将4-氯苯基异氰酸酯替换为1-氟-4-异氰酸根合-2-硝基-苯,室温下反应2小时。用甲醇和二氯甲烷洗涤得到的沉淀物并真空干燥,得到31。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=437.5。
实施例31:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(3-甲氧基-苯基)-酰胺32的合成
Figure A20058003698001231
[0483]用与实施例25中所述相同的方案制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(3-甲氧基-苯基)-酰胺32,其中将4-氯苯基异氰酸酯替换为3-甲氧基-苯基异氰酸酯。过滤和浓缩之后,将反应混合物再次溶解在乙腈和最小量的水中,使其放置。通过过滤和真空干燥收集得到的沉淀物,得到32。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=404.4。
实施例32:4-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羰基]-氨基-苯甲酸乙酯33的合成
Figure A20058003698001232
[0484]用与实施例25中所述相同的方案制备4-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羰基]-氨基-苯甲酸乙酯33,其中将4-氯苯基异氰酸酯替换为4-异氰酸根合-苯甲酸乙酯。
实施例33:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(3-乙酰基-苯基)-酰胺34的合成
Figure A20058003698001241
[0485]用与实施例25中所述相同的方案制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(3-乙酰基-苯基)-酰胺34,其中将4-氯苯基异氰酸酯替换为3-乙酰基-苯基异氰酸酯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=416.3。
实施例34:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(3-氟-苯基)-酰胺35的合成
Figure A20058003698001242
[0486]用与实施例25中所述相同的方案制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(3-氟-苯基)-酰胺35,其中将4-氯苯基异氰酸酯替换为3-氟-异氰酸根合-苯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=392.0。
实施例35:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯-5-基酰胺36的合成
Figure A20058003698001251
[0487]用与实施例25中所述相同的方案制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯-5-基酰胺36,其中将4-氯苯基异氰酸酯替换为5-异氰酸根合-苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯。初步的微波加热后,于210℃在微波中再次加热反应10分钟。将粗物质从甲醇∶二氯甲烷中重结晶,得到36。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=418.5。
实施例36:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(3,4-二氯-苯基)-酰胺37的合成
Figure A20058003698001252
[0488]用与实施例25中所述相同的方案制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(3,4-二氯-苯基)-酰胺37,其中将4-氯苯基异氰酸酯替换为1,2-二氯-4-异氰酸根合-苯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=443.5。
实施例37:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(3-硝基-苯基)-酰胺38的合成
Figure A20058003698001261
[0489]用与实施例25中所述相同的方案制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(3-硝基-苯基)-酰胺38,其中将4-氯苯基异氰酸酯替换为1-异氰酸根合-3-硝基-苯。初步的微波加热后,于200℃在CEM Discover微波炉中再次加热反应和额外等量的1-异氰酸根合-3-硝基-苯6分钟。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=419.2。
实施例38:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(4-甲氧基-苯基)-酰胺39的合成
Figure A20058003698001262
[0490]用与实施例25中所述相同的方案制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(4-甲氧基-苯基)-酰胺39,其中将4-氯苯基异氰酸酯替换为4-甲氧苯基异氰酸酯。初步的微波加热后,于190℃在微波炉中再次加热反应5分钟。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=404.2。
实施例39:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(4-乙酰基-苯基)-酰胺40的合成
Figure A20058003698001271
[0491]用与实施例25中所述相同的方案制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(4-乙酰基-苯基)-酰胺40,其中将4-氯苯基异氰酸酯替换为4-乙酰基苯基异氰酸酯。初步的微波加热后,于220℃在微波中再次加热反应20分钟。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=416.2。
实施例40:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-硫代羟酸苯基酰胺41的合成
方案15
3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-硫代羟酸苯基酰胺41的制备
[0492]将3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并-[2,3-b]吡啶1(50mg,0.20mmol)溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(4mL)中。加入氢化钠(10mg,0.24mmol,60%,分散在矿物油中)。室温下搅拌反应混合物15分钟。加入1-异硫氰酸根合苯(35μL,0.29mmol),室温下搅拌反应混合物40分钟。浓缩产物,残余物在盐水和乙酸乙酯之间分配。有机部分经无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤、浓缩,得到固体。用最小量的甲醇洗涤固体,真空干燥,得到41,(38mg,49%)。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=390.2。
实施例41:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-硫代羟酸(3-甲氧基-苯基)-酰胺42的合成
Figure A20058003698001281
[0493]用与实施例40中所述相同的方案制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-硫代羟酸(3-甲氧基-苯基)-酰胺42,其中将1-异硫氰酸根合苯替换为1-氯-4-异硫氰酸根合苯。
实施例42:8-[3-(2-甲氧基-嘧啶-5-基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-磺酰基]-喹啉的合成
方案16
Figure A20058003698001282
步骤18-(3-溴-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-磺酰基)-喹啉44的制备
[0494]向圆底烧瓶中加入3-溴-7-吖吲哚(3,1.18g,5.99mmol)和溴化四-N-丁基铵(193mg,0.600mmol)和5.0M氢氧化钠(15.4mL)。室温下滴加二氯甲烷(5.9mL)中的8-喹啉-磺酰氯(1.64g,7.19mmol)。数小时之后,所有的原材料被用尽。加入30mL二氯甲烷之后,分出两层。用二氯甲烷洗涤水层。用1M碳酸氢钠、水和盐水洗涤合并的有机层,经无水硫酸钠干燥。在减压下浓缩粗物质并通过柱层析(55-80%乙酸乙酯,在己烷中)纯化,得到所需产物,为浅黄色固体(44,1.72g,4.43mmol)。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=389.4。
步骤28-[3-(2-甲氧基-嘧啶-5-基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-磺酰基]-喹啉43的制备
[0495]在微波反应管中,在1.0M碳酸钾(0.52mL)和四氢呋喃(0.84mL)中混合8-(3-溴-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-磺酰基)-喹啉(44,68mg,0.18mmol)、2-甲氧基-嘧啶-4-硼酸(67.4mg,0.438mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(10mg,0.0088mmol)。于120℃在CEM Discover微波装置中加热得到的混合物10分钟。加入乙酸乙酯和水,分出两层。用乙酸乙酯萃取水层,用盐水洗涤合并的有机层并经硫酸钠干燥。在减压下浓缩产物,通过柱层析纯化(80-90%乙酸乙酯,在己烷中)得到的粗物质,得到所需产物,为白色固体(43,0.005g,0.01mmol)。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=417.8。
实施例43:3-(2-甲氧基-嘧啶-5-基)-1-苯基甲基磺酰基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶45的合成
Figure A20058003698001291
[0496]用与实施例42中所述相同的方案制备3-(2-甲氧基-嘧啶-5-基)-1-苯基甲基磺酰基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶45,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯替换苯基甲基磺酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=381.2。
实施例44:8-[3-(2-甲基硫烷基-嘧啶-4-基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-磺酰基]-喹啉46的合成
方案17
步骤18-[3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂环戊硼烷(dioxaborolan)-2-基)-吡咯并-[2,3-b]吡啶-1-磺酰基]-喹啉47的制备
[0497]向圆底烧瓶中加入8-(3-溴-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-磺酰基)-喹啉(44,335mg,0.863mmol)、二硼频哪醇酯(263mg,1.04mmol)和二(三苯基膦)钯(II)氯化物(18mg,0.026mmol)。在氮气氛下,加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(4.0mL)。通过交替地将烧瓶连接到真空和氮源,使混合物充分脱气。加热得到的混合物至100℃过夜。反应混合物冷却至室温后,将其倒入水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取两次。用水和盐水洗涤合并的有机层,经无水硫酸钠干燥。在减压下浓缩产物,通过柱层析(55%乙酸乙酯,在己烷中)纯化粗物质,得到所需产物,为白色固体(47,70mg,0.16mmol)。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=435.8。
步骤28-[3-(2-甲基硫烷基嘧啶-4-基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-磺酰基]-喹啉46的制备
[0498]在微波反应管中,在1.0M碳酸钾水溶液(0.48mL)和四氢呋喃(0.77mL)中,混合8-[3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)-吡咯并-[2,3-b]吡啶-1-磺酰基]-喹啉(47,70mg,0.16mmol)、4-碘-2-甲基硫烷基-嘧啶(101mg,0.402mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(9.3mg,0.008mmol)。于120℃在CEM Discover微波装置中加热得到的混合物10分钟。加入乙酸乙酯和水,分出两层。用乙酸乙酯萃取水层。用盐水洗涤合并的有机层并经硫酸钠干燥。在减压下浓缩,得到相物质,通过柱层析(50%乙酸乙酯,在己烷中)纯化,得到所需产物,为浅黄色固体(46,10mg,0.023mmol)。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=434.0。
实施例45:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-乙氧基-萘-1-基)-甲酮52的合成
方案18
Figure A20058003698001301
[0499]将3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶1(638mg,2.51mmole)溶解在DMF(30mL)中,向反应混合物中以小份加入氢化钠(60%,分散在矿物油中,100mg,2.50mmol)。搅拌30分钟后,加入2-乙氧基-1-萘甲酰氯(naphthoyl chloride)(646mg,2.76mmol),搅拌反应4小时。将反应混合物倒入200mL的冰水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取。用饱和碳酸氢盐溶液洗涤有机层,随后用饱和硫酸氢钾、随后用盐水洗涤。得到的溶液经无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。残余物通过硅胶层析(30%乙酸乙酯∶己烷)纯化,得到800mg(70%)的题述化合物,为白色固体。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=453.06。
实施例46:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(3-硝基-苄基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶53的合成
方案19
Figure A20058003698001311
[0500]将3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶1(35mg,0.14mmol)溶解在15mL DMF中,向反应混合物中以小份加入氢化钠(60%,分散在矿物油中,10mg,0.25mmol)。搅拌30分钟后,向反应混合物中加入间-硝基-苄基氯(30mg,0.14mmol)并搅拌2小时。将反应混合物倒入50mL的冰水中,用乙酸乙酯萃取。用饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤有机层,随后用饱和硫酸氢钾、随后用盐水洗涤。得到的溶液经无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。残余物通过硅胶层析(30%乙酸乙酯,在己烷中)纯化,得到42mg(71%)题述化合物,为白色固体。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=390.1。
实施例47:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-乙氧基-4-硝基-苯基)-甲酮54的合成
方案20
Figure A20058003698001312
[0501]将3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶1(250mg,0.98mmol)溶解在50mL CH2Cl2中。向搅拌中的反应混合物中加入N,N-二乙基异丙胺(205uL,1.2mmol)、2-乙氧基-4-硝基-苯甲酸(228mg,1.1mmol)和溴三(吡咯烷(pyrolodino))_六氟磷酸盐(550mg,1.1mmol)。室温下搅拌混合物4小时,用饱和碳酸氢钠和饱和硫酸氢钾溶液连续洗涤。得到的溶液经无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。残余物通过硅胶层析纯化(30%乙酸乙酯,在己烷中),得到340mg(77%)题述化合物,为黄色固体。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=448.2。
实施例48:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]苯甲酮-酰胺55的合成
[0502]用与实施例45所述相同的方案,制备[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]苯甲酮-酰胺55,其中将2-乙氧基-1-萘碳酰氯替换为苯甲酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=359.2。
实施例49:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(3-吡啶基)-甲酮-酰胺56的合成
Figure A20058003698001322
[0503]用与实施例45所述相同的方案,制备[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(3-吡啶基)-甲酮-酰胺56,其中将2-乙氧基-1-萘碳酰氯替换为吡啶-3-碳酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=360.0。
实施例50:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(4-三氟甲基吡啶-3-基)-甲酮-酰胺57的合成
Figure A20058003698001323
[0504]应用与实施例45所述相同的方案,制备[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(4-三氟甲基吡啶-3-基)-甲酮-酰胺57,其中将2-乙氧基-1-萘碳酰氯替换为4-三氟甲基吡啶-3-碳酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=428.0。
实施例51:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(1-萘基)-甲酮-酰胺58的合成
[0505]应用与实施例45所述的相同方案,制备[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(1-萘基)-甲酮-酰胺58,其中将2-乙氧基-1-萘碳酰氯替换为萘-1-碳酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=409.1。
实施例52:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-氯吡啶-3-基)-甲酮-酰胺59的合成
Figure A20058003698001332
[0506]应用与实施例45所述的相同方案,制备[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-氯吡啶-3-基)-甲酮-酰胺59,其中将2-乙氧基-1-萘碳酰氯替换为2-氯吡啶-3-碳酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=393.9。
实施例53:1-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-2-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-乙酮-酰胺60的合成
Figure A20058003698001341
[0507]应用与实施例45所述相同的方案,制备1-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-2-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-乙酮-酰胺60,其中将2-乙氧基-1-萘碳酰氯替换为(4-甲氧基-苯基)-乙酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=403.0。
实施例54:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-2-(乙氧基-苯基)-甲酮-酰胺61的合成
Figure A20058003698001342
[0508]应用与实施例45所述的相同方案,制备[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-2-(乙氧基-苯基)-甲酮-酰胺61,其中将2-乙氧基-1-萘碳酰氯替换为2-乙氧基苯甲酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=403.5。
实施例55:乙酸6-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羰基]-萘-1-基酯-酰胺62的合成
[0509]应用与实施例47所述相同的方案,制备乙酸6-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羰基]-萘-1-基酯-酰胺62,其中将2-乙氧基-4-硝基苯甲酸替换为5-乙酸基-萘-2-羧酸。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=467.5。
实施例56:苯并[b]噻吩-3-基-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]甲酮63的合成
Figure A20058003698001351
[0510]应用与实施例45所述相同的方案,制备苯并[b]噻吩-3-基-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]甲酮63,其中将2-乙氧基-1-萘碳酰氯替换为苯并[b]噻吩-3-碳酰氯。
实施例57:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(4-氟-萘-1-基)-甲酮64的合成
Figure A20058003698001352
[0511]用与实施例47所述相同的方案,制备[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(4-氟-萘-1-基)-甲酮64,其中将2-乙氧基-4-硝基苯甲酸替换为4-氟-萘-1-羧酸。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=427.5。
实施例58:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(5-甲氧基萘-1-基)-甲酮65的合成
Figure A20058003698001361
[0512]应用与实施例47所述的相同方案,制备[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(5-甲氧基萘-1-基)-甲酮65,其中将2-乙氧基-4-硝基苯甲酸替换为5-甲氧基-萘-2-羧酸。
实施例59:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-异喹啉-8-基-甲酮66的合成
Figure A20058003698001362
[0513]应用与实施例47所述相同的方案,制备[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-异喹啉-8-基-甲酮66,其中将2-乙氧基-4-硝基苯甲酸替换为喹啉-8-羧酸。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=410.5。
实施例60:1-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-乙酮67的合成
Figure A20058003698001363
[0514]应用与实施例45所述相同的方案,制备1-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-乙酮67,其中将2-乙氧基-1-萘碳酰氯替换为乙酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=279.2。
实施例61:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-甲氧基苯基)-甲酮68的合成
Figure A20058003698001371
[0515]应用与实施例45所述相同的方案,制备[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-甲氧基苯基)-甲酮68,其中将2-乙氧基-1-萘碳酰氯替换为2-甲氧基苯甲酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=389.15。
实施例62:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-[4-(3-甲基-吡啶-4-基)-苯磺酰基]-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶69的合成
Figure A20058003698001372
[0516]应用与实施例9所述相同的方案,制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-[4-(3-甲基-吡啶-4-基)-苯磺酰基]-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶69,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯替换为4-(3-甲基-吡啶-4-基)-苯磺酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=487.0。
实施例63:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(4-_唑-5-基-苯磺酰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶70的合成
Figure A20058003698001381
[0517]应用与实施例9所述相同的方案,制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(4-_唑-5-基-苯磺酰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶70,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯替换为4-_唑-5-基-苯磺酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=462.0。
实施例64:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(4-吡唑-1-基-苯磺酰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶71的合成
Figure A20058003698001382
[0518]应用与实施例9所述相同的方案,制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(4-吡唑-1-基-苯磺酰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶71,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯替换为4-吡唑-1-基-苯磺酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=461.0。
实施例65:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(3-_唑-5-基-苯磺酰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶72的合成
Figure A20058003698001383
[0519]应用与实施例9所述相同的方案,制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(3-_唑-5-基-苯磺酰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶72,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯替换为3-_唑-5-基-苯磺酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=462.0。
实施例66:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-[4-(5-甲基-[1,3,4]_二唑-2-基)-苯磺酰基]-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶73的合成
Figure A20058003698001391
[0520]应用与实施例9所述相同的方案,制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-[4-(5-甲基-[1,3,4]_二唑-2-基)-苯磺酰基]-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶73,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯替换为3-_唑-5-基-苯磺酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=477.0。
实施例67:1-(2-苯磺酰基甲基-苄基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶74的合成
Figure A20058003698001392
[0521]应用与实施例46所述相同的方案,制备1-(2-苯磺酰基甲基-苄基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶74,其中将间-硝基-苄基氯替换为1-苯磺酰基甲基-2-氯甲基-苯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=499.1。
实施例68:1-苄基-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶75的合成
[0522]应用与实施例46所述相同的方案,制备1-苄基-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶75,其中将间-硝基-苄基氯替换为苄基氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=345.1。
实施例69:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(2-甲基-萘-1-基甲基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶76的合成
Figure A20058003698001402
[0523]应用与实施例46所述相同的方案,制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(2-甲基-萘-1-基甲基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶76,其中将间-硝基-苄基氯替换为1-氯甲基-2-甲基-萘。
实施例70:4-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基甲基]-苄腈77的合成
Figure A20058003698001403
[0524]应用与实施例46所述相同的方案,制备4-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基甲基]-苄腈77,其中将间-硝基-苄基氯替换为4-氯甲基苄腈。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=370.2。
实施例71:1-联苯基-2-基甲基-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶78的合成
Figure A20058003698001411
[0525]应用与实施例46所述相同的方案,制备1-联苯基-2-基甲基-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶78,其中将间-硝基-苄基氯替换为2-苯基苄基氯。
实施例72:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(3-三氟甲基-苄基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶79的合成
Figure A20058003698001412
[0526]应用与实施例46所述相同的方案,制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(3-三氟甲基-苄基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶79,其中将间-硝基-苄基氯替换为间-三氟甲基苄基氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=413.0。
实施例73:式Ib化合物的合成
方案21
Figure A20058003698001413
步骤1式XII的合成
[0527]可以按照公开的程序(Schneller,S.W.;Luo,Jiann-Kuan.J.Org.Chem.1980,45,4045-4048)从7-吖吲哚制备化合物XI,可以通过与硼酸在Suzuki反应条件下(含水碱和Pd(0)催化剂,或带有二_烷中的KF和Pd(0)催化剂的无水条件)反应,从化合物XI制备式XII的化合物。可选地,也可以使化合物XI与锡试剂、锌试剂或铜试剂分别在Stille、Negishi或cuprate偶合反应条件下反应,得到化合物XII。产物可以通过常规的操作过程,例如用有机溶剂萃取产物并通过柱层析纯化而分离。
步骤2式Ib的合成
[0528]在碱性条件下,通过使化合物XII与亲核性试剂例如酰基氯、磺酰氯、异氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯、烷基卤、苄基卤等反应,可以制备式Ib的化合物。产物可以通过标准的操作过程,例如用有机溶剂萃取产物并通过柱层析纯化而分离。
实施例74:[4-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-乙氧基-萘-1-基)-甲酮48的合成
方案22
Figure A20058003698001421
步骤14-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶50的制备
[0529]在微波反应管中,在含1.0M碳酸钾的水(27mL)和四氢呋喃(43mL)中,混合按照公开的程序(Schneller,S.W.;Luo,Jiann-Kuan.J.Org.Chem.1980,45,4045-4048)从7-吖吲哚制备的4-氯-7-吖吲哚(49,1.362g,8.926mmol)、3,4-二甲氧基苯基硼酸(4.06g,22.3mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(52mg,0.45mmol)。于150℃在CEM Discover微波装置中加热得到的混合物20分钟。加入乙酸乙酯和水,分出两层。用乙酸乙酯萃取水层。用盐水洗涤合并的有机层并经无水硫酸钠干燥。在减压下浓缩,得到粗物质,通过柱层析对其纯化(40-70%乙酸乙酯,在己烷中),得到所需产物,为浅黄色固体(50,974mg,3.83mmol)。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=255.2。
步骤2[4-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-乙氧基-萘-1-基)-甲酮48的制备
[0530]用己烷洗涤氢化钠(60%,分散在矿物油中,39.9mg,0.997mmol)并将其放置在氮气氛下,加入1mL四氢呋喃。加入含4-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶(50,195mg,0.767mmol)的四氢呋喃(6.2mL),室温下搅拌得到的混合物10分钟。加入四氢呋喃中的2-乙氧基萘甲酰氯(202mg,0.844mmol)。2小时后,用水淬灭反应,分出两层。用乙酸乙酯萃取水层。用盐水洗涤合并的有机层并经无水硫酸钠干燥。在减压下浓缩,得到粗物质,通过柱层析对其纯化(35-60%乙酸乙酯,在己烷中),得到所需产物,为浅黄色固体(48,262mg,0.579mmol)。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=453.2。
实施例75:[4-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-乙氧基-苯基)-甲酮51的合成
Figure A20058003698001431
[0531]应用与实施例74所述相同的方案,制备[4-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-乙氧基-苯基)-甲酮51,其中将2-乙氧基萘甲酰氯替换为2-乙氧基-苯甲酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=403.3。
实施例76:式Ic化合物的合成
方案23
Figure A20058003698001432
步骤1式XIV的合成
[0532]按照公开的步骤(Marie-Claude,Viaud,Heterocycles,1999,50,1065-1080),可以从7-吖吲哚制备化合物XIII,通过与硼酸在Suzuki反应条件下(含水碱和Pd(0)催化剂,或带有二_烷中的KF和Pd(0)催化剂的无水条件)反应,可以从化合物XIII制备式XIV的化合物。可选地,也可以使化合物XIII与锡试剂、锌试剂或铜试剂分别在Stille、Negishi或cuprate偶合反应条件下反应,得到化合物XIV。产物可以通过常规的操作过程,例如用有机溶剂萃取产物并通过柱层析纯化而分离。
步骤2式Ic的合成
[0533]在碱性条件下,通过使化合物XIV与亲核性试剂例如酰基氯、磺酰氯、异氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯、烷基卤、苄基卤等反应,可以制备式Ic的化合物。产物可以通过标准的操作过程,例如用有机溶剂萃取产物并通过柱层析纯化而分离。
实施例77:[5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-乙氧基-萘-1-基)-甲酮80的合成
方案24
Figure A20058003698001441
步骤15-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-1H-吡咯[2,3-b]吡啶82的制备
[0534]在微波安全管中,在1.0M碳酸钾(6.0mL)和四氢呋喃(9.5mL,0.12mol)中,混合按照公开的步骤(Marie-Claude,Viaud,Heterocycles,1999,50,1065-1080)从7-吖吲哚制备的5-溴-7-吖吲哚(81,392mg,1.99mmol)、3,4-二甲氧基苯基硼酸(905mg,4.97mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(11mg,0.099mmol)。于120℃在CEMDiscover微波装置中加热得到的混合物10分钟。加入乙酸乙酯和水,分出两层。用乙酸乙酯萃取水层。用盐水洗涤合并的有机层并经无水硫酸钠干燥。在减压下浓缩,得到粗物质,通过柱层析对其纯化(40-70%乙酸乙酯∶己烷),得到所需产物,为浅黄色固体(82,207mg,41%)。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=255.2。
步骤2:[5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-乙氧基萘-1-基)-甲酮80的制备
[0535]用己烷洗涤氢化钠(60%,分散在矿物油中,10.1mg,0.252mmol)并将其放置在氮气氛下,加入1mL四氢呋喃。加入四氢呋喃(1.6mL)中的5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶(82,49.3mg,0.194mmol),室温下搅拌得到的混合物30分钟。加入TNF中的2-乙氧基萘甲酰氯(51.1mg,0.213mmol)。2小时后,用水淬灭反应,分出两层。用乙酸乙酯萃取水层。用盐水洗涤合并的有机层并经无水硫酸钠干燥。在减压下浓缩,得到粗产物,通过柱层析对其纯化(40-55%乙酸乙酯,在己烷中),得到所需产物,为液体(80,61mg,70%)。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=453.2。
实施例78:[5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-乙氧基-苯基)-甲酮83的合成
Figure A20058003698001451
[0536]应用与实施例77所述相同的方案,制备[5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-乙氧基-苯基)-甲酮83,其中将2-乙氧基萘甲酰氯替换为2-乙氧基-苯甲酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=403.2。
实施例79:(2-乙氧基-萘-1-基)-[3-(4-甲磺酰基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-甲酮84的合成
Figure A20058003698001452
方案25
Figure A20058003698001453
步骤1(3-溴-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基)-(2-乙氧基萘-1-基)-甲酮85的制备
[0537]将3-溴-7-吖吲哚(500mg,2.0mmol)3溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(50mL)中,加入氢化钠(210mg,5.3mmol,60%分散在矿物油中)和2-乙氧基-萘-1-碳酰氯(710mg,3.0mmol)。在环境温度下搅拌反应混合物30分钟,倒入冰水(100mL)中并萃取入乙酸乙酯。用无水硫酸镁干燥有机部分,过滤,浓缩滤液。通过柱层析纯化(10%乙酸乙酯,在己烷中),得到所需产物85(800mg,80%)。
步骤2:(2-乙氧基萘-1-基)-[3-(4-甲磺酰基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-甲酮84的制备
[0538]在四氢呋喃(16mL)和碳酸钾溶液(8.0mL,1M水溶液)中搅拌(3-溴-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基)-(2-乙氧基-萘-1-基)-甲酮85(35mg,0.0088mmol)、4-甲磺酰基-苯基硼酸(35mg,0.18mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(5mg)。于60℃搅拌反应混合物过夜。在减压下浓缩反应混合物并在乙酸乙酯和盐水之间分配。有机部分经无水硫酸镁干燥和过滤。浓缩滤液并经急骤层析纯化(乙酸乙酯∶己烷20%-100%)。所需产物84以浅黄色粉末得到(10mg,20%)。
实施例80:(2-乙氧基-萘-1-基)-[3-(3-甲磺酰基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-甲酮86的合成
Figure A20058003698001461
[0539]应用与实施例79所述相同的方案,制备(2-乙氧基-萘-1-基)-[3-(3-甲磺酰基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-甲酮86,其中将4-甲磺酰基-苯基硼酸替换为3-甲磺酰基-苯基硼酸。
实施例81:3-[1-(2-乙氧基-萘-1-羰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基]-苯甲酸苄酯87的合成
Figure A20058003698001471
[0540]应用与实施例79所述相同的方案,制备3-[1-(2-乙氧基-萘-1-羰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基]-苯甲酸苄酯87,其中将4-甲磺酰基-苯基硼酸替换为3-苄氧羰基-苯基硼酸。
实施例82:3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶88的合成
[0541]应用与实施例7所述相同的方案,制备3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶88,其中将3,4-二甲氧基苯基硼酸替换为3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基硼酸。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=309.20。
实施例83:3-(3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶89的合成
Figure A20058003698001473
[0542]应用与实施例7所述相同的方案,制备3-(3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶89,其中将3,4-二甲氧基苯基硼酸替换为3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基硼酸。
实施例84:3-苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯-5-基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶90的合成
Figure A20058003698001481
[0543]应用与实施例7所述相同的方案,制备3-苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯-5-基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶90,其中将3,4-二甲氧基苯基硼酸替换为3,4-亚甲二氧基苯硼酸。
实施例85:1-(苯并[b]噻吩-3-磺酰基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶91的合成
Figure A20058003698001482
[0544]应用与实施例9所述相同的方案,制备1-(苯并[b]噻吩-3-磺酰基)-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶91,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯替换为苯并[b]噻吩-3-磺酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=450.97。
实施例86:8-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-5-甲氧基-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-喹啉92的合成
Figure A20058003698001483
[0545]应用与实施例21和22所述相同的方案,制备8-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-5-甲氧基-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-喹啉92,其中将1-苯磺酰基-3-溴吲哚替换为1-苯磺酰基-3-溴-5-甲氧基吲哚。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=475.10。
实施例87:8-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-5-氯-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-喹啉93的合成
[0546]应用与实施例21和22所述相同的方案,制备8-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-5-氯-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-喹啉93,其中将1-苯磺酰基-3-溴吲哚替换为1-苯磺酰基-3-溴-5-氯吲哚。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=479.10。
实施例88:8-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-5-甲氧基-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-3-甲基-喹啉94的合成
[0547]应用与实施例21和22所述相同的方案,制备8-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-5-甲氧基-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-3-甲基-喹啉94,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯替换为3-甲基-喹啉-8-磺酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=489.10。
实施例89:8-[5-氯-3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-3-甲基-喹啉95的合成
Figure A20058003698001493
[0548]应用与实施例21和22所述相同的方案,制备8-[5-氯-3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-3-甲基-喹啉95,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯、1-苯磺酰基-3-溴吲哚和3,4-二甲氧基苯基硼酸分别替换为3-甲基-喹啉-8-磺酰氯、1-苯磺酰基-3-溴-5-氯-吲哚和3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基硼酸。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=547.10。
实施例90:8-[5-氯-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-3-甲基-喹啉96的合成
Figure A20058003698001501
[0549]应用与实施例21和22所述相同的方案,制备8-[5-氯-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-3-甲基-喹啉96,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯和1-苯磺酰基-3-溴吲哚分别替换为3-甲基-喹啉-8-磺酰氯和1-苯磺酰基-3-溴-5-甲氧基-吲哚。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=493.00。
实施例91:8-[5-甲氧基-3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-3-甲基-喹啉97的合成
Figure A20058003698001502
[0550]应用与实施例21和22所述相同的方案,制备8-[5-甲氧基-3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-3-甲基-喹啉97,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯、1-苯磺酰基-3-溴吲哚和3,4-二甲氧基苯基硼酸分别替换为3-甲基-喹啉-8-磺酰氯、1-苯磺酰基-3-溴-5-甲氧基-吲哚和3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基硼酸。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=543.20。
实施例92:3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(3-硝基-4-氟-苯基)-酰胺98的合成
Figure A20058003698001511
[0551]应用与实施例25所述相同的方案,制备3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羧酸(3-硝基-4-氟-苯基)-酰胺98,其中将3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶1和4-氯苯基异氰酸酯分别替换为3-(3-环戊氧基4-甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶88和4-氟-3-硝基苯基异氰酸酯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=491.10。
实施例93:1-苯磺酰基-3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吲哚99
Figure A20058003698001512
[0552]应用与实施例21所述相同的方案,制备1-苯磺酰基-3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吲哚99,其中将3,4-二甲氧基苯基硼酸替换为3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基硼酸。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=448.31。
实施例94:8-[3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-喹啉100
Figure A20058003698001521
[0553]应用与实施例21和22所述相同的方案,制备8-[3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-喹啉100,其中将3,4-二甲氧基苯基硼酸和苯磺酰氯分别替换为3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基硼酸和8-喹啉磺酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=499.09。
实施例95:1-苯磺酰基-3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶101
[0554]应用与实施例7所述相同的方案,制备1-苯磺酰基-3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶101,其中将3,4-二甲氧基苯基硼酸替换为3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基硼酸。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=449.13。
实施例96:8-[3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-磺酰基]-喹啉102
Figure A20058003698001523
[0555]应用与实施例42所述相同的方案,制备8-[3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-磺酰基]-喹啉102,其中将2-甲氧基-嘧啶-4-硼酸替换为3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基硼酸。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=500.20。
实施例97:1-苯磺酰基-3-(3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶103
Figure A20058003698001531
[0556]应用与实施例42所述相同的方案,制备1-苯磺酰基-3-(3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶103,其中将2-甲氧基-嘧啶-4-硼酸和喹啉-8-磺酰氯分别替换为3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基硼酸和苯磺酰氯。
实施例98:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(3-苯基-异_唑-5-基甲基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶104
Figure A20058003698001532
[0557]应用与实施例46所述相同的方案,制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-(3-苯基-异_唑-5-基甲基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶104,其中将间-硝基-苄基氯替换为5-氯甲基-3-苯基-异_唑。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=412.23。
实施例99:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-[5-(3-碘-苯基)-异_唑-3-基]-甲酮105
Figure A20058003698001541
[0558]应用与实施例45所述相同的方案,制备[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-[5-(3-碘-苯基)-异_唑-3-基]-甲酮105,其中将2-乙氧基-1-萘甲酰氯替换为3-(3-碘-苯基)-异_唑-5-碳酰氯。
实施例100:4-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羰基]-苄腈106
Figure A20058003698001542
[0559]应用与实施例45所述相同的方案,制备4-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羰基]-苄腈106,其中将2-乙氧基-1-萘甲酰氯替换为4-氰基-苯甲酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=384.20。
实施例101:(6-氯-吡啶-3-基)-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-甲酮107
Figure A20058003698001543
[0560]应用与实施例45所述相同的方案,制备(6-氯-吡啶-3-基)-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-甲酮107,其中将2-乙氧基-1-萘甲酰氯替换为2-氯烟酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=394.10。
实施例102:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-((1R,2R)-2-苯基-反式-环丙基)-甲酮108
Figure A20058003698001551
[0561]应用与实施例45所述相同的方案,制备[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-((1R,2R)-2-苯基-反式-环丙基)-甲酮108,其中将2-乙氧基-1-萘甲酰氯替换为反式-2-苯基环丙烷-碳酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=399.17。
实施例103:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(4-二甲氨基-萘-1-基)-甲酮109
[0562]应用与实施例45所述相同的方案,制备[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(4-二甲氨基-萘-1-基)-甲酮109,其中将2-乙氧基-1-萘甲酰氯替换为4-二甲氨基-萘-1-碳酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=452.20。
实施例104:乙酸2-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羰基]-苯酯110
[0563]应用与实施例45所述相同的方案,制备乙酸2-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羰基]-苯酯110,其中将2-乙氧基-1-萘甲酰氯替换为乙酸2-氯羰基-苯酯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=417.20。
实施例105:(2,4-二乙氧基-苯基)-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-甲酮111
Figure A20058003698001562
[0564]应用与实施例45所述相同的方案,制备(2,4-二乙氧基-苯基)-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-甲酮111,其中将2-乙氧基-1-萘甲酰氯替换为2,4-二甲氧基-苯甲酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=447.20。
实施例106:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-[2-(2,2,2-三氟-乙氧基)-萘-1-基]-甲酮112
Figure A20058003698001563
[0565]应用与实施例47所述相同的方案,制备[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-[2-(2,2,2-三氟-乙氧基)-萘-1-基]-甲酮112,其中将2-乙氧基-4-硝基-苯甲酸替换为2-(2,2,2-三氟-乙氧基)-萘-1-羧酸。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=507.10。
实施例107:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-丙氧基-苯基)-甲酮113
Figure A20058003698001571
[0566]应用与实施例47所述相同的方案,制备[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-丙氧基-苯基)-甲酮113,其中将2-乙氧基-4-硝基-苯甲酸替换为2-丙氧基-萘-1-羧酸。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=417.20。
实施例108:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(4-甲基-萘-1-基)-甲酮114
Figure A20058003698001572
[0567]应用与实施例47所述相同的方案,制备[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(4-甲基-萘-1-基)-甲酮114,其中将2-乙氧基-4-硝基-苯甲酸替换为4-甲基-萘-1-羧酸。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=423.20。
实施例109:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-喹啉-4-基-甲酮115
Figure A20058003698001581
[0568]应用与实施例47所述相同的方案,制备[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-喹啉-4-基-甲酮115,其中将2-乙氧基-4-硝基-苯甲酸替换为喹啉-4-羧酸。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=410.20。
实施例110:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-甲基-喹啉-4-基)-甲酮116
Figure A20058003698001582
[0569]应用与实施例47所述相同的方案,制备[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-甲基-喹啉-4-基)-甲酮116,其中将2-乙氧基-4-硝基-苯甲酸替换为2-甲基-喹啉-4-羧酸。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=424.20。
实施例111:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(3-苯基-喹啉-4-基)-甲酮117
Figure A20058003698001583
[0570]应用与实施例47所述相同的方案,制备[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(3-苯基-喹啉-4-基)-甲酮117,其中将2-乙氧基-4-硝基-苯甲酸替换为3-苯基-喹啉-4-羧酸。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=486.20。
实施例112:[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-苯氧基-苯基)-甲酮118
Figure A20058003698001591
[0571]应用与实施例47所述相同的方案,制备[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-苯氧基-苯基)-甲酮118,其中将2-乙氧基-4-硝基-苯甲酸替换为2-苯氧基-苯甲酸。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=451.16。
实施例113:[3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-乙氧基-萘-1-基)-甲酮119
Figure A20058003698001592
[0572]应用与实施例79所述相同的方案,制备[3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-乙氧基-萘-1-基)-甲酮119,其中将4-甲磺酰基-苯基硼酸替换为3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基苯基硼酸。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=507.30。
实施例114:3-[1-(2-乙氧基-萘-1-羰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基]-苯甲酸甲酯120
Figure A20058003698001601
[0573]应用与实施例79所述相同的方案,制备3-[1-(2-乙氧基-萘-1-羰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基]-苯甲酸甲酯120,其中将4-甲磺酰基-苯基硼酸替换为3-甲氧羰基苯基硼酸。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=451.14。
实施例115:3-[1-(2-乙氧基-萘-1-羰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基]-苯甲酰胺121
Figure A20058003698001602
[0574]应用与实施例79所述相同的方案,制备3-[1-(2-乙氧基-萘-1-羰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基]-苯甲酰胺121,其中将4-甲磺酰基-苯基硼酸替换为3-酰氨基苯基硼酸。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=436.14。
实施例116:N-{3-[1-(2-乙氧基-萘-1-羰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基]-苯基}-甲磺酰胺122
[0575]应用与实施例79所述相同的方案,制备N-{3-[1-(2-乙氧基-萘-1-羰基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基]-苯基}-甲酰磺胺122,其中将4-甲磺酰基-苯基硼酸替换为3-N-甲磺酰胺苯基硼酸。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=486.10。
实施例117:(2-乙氧基-萘-1-基)-[3-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-甲酮123
Figure A20058003698001611
[0576]应用与实施例79所述相同的方案,制备(2-乙氧基-萘-1-基)-[3-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-甲酮123,其中将4-甲磺酰基-苯基硼酸替换为2-甲氧基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)-酚。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=439.17。
实施例118:[3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-[2-(2,2,2-三氟-乙氧基)-萘-1-基]-甲酮124
Figure A20058003698001612
[0577]应用与实施例47所述相同的方案,制备[3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-[2-(2,2,2-三氟-乙氧基)-萘-1-基]-甲酮124,其中将2-乙氧基-4-硝基-苯甲酸和3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶替换为2-(2,2,2-三氟-乙氧基)-萘-1-羧酸和3-(3-环戊氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=561.10。
实施例119:1-苯磺酰基-3-[3-甲氧基-4-(3-苯基-异_唑-5-基甲氧基)-苯基]-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶125
[0578]应用与实施例7所述相同的方案,制备1-苯磺酰基-3-[3-甲氧基-4-(3-苯基-异_唑-5-基甲氧基)-苯基]-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶125,其中将2,3-二甲氧基苯基硼酸替换为5-[2-甲氧基-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)-苯氧基甲基]-3-苯基-异_唑。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=538.06。
实施例120:1-苯磺酰基-3-[3-甲氧基-4-(3-苯基-异_唑-5-基甲氧基)-苯基]-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶126
方案26
Figure A20058003698001622
8-[4-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-磺酰基]-喹啉126的制备
[0579]向圆底烧瓶中加入4-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶(0.222g,0.000873mol)50和溴化四-N-丁基铵(0.0282g,0.0000874mol)和5.000M的氢氧化钠水溶液(2.25mL)。于0℃滴加溶解在二氯甲烷(0.616mL,0.00960mol)中的8-喹啉-磺酰氯(0.238g,0.00105mol)。环境温度下搅拌反应3小时,用额外的25mL二氯甲烷稀释反应混合物。用1M碳酸氢钠(水溶液)(30ml×2)、随后用盐水洗涤有机层。分离的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤并在减压下浓缩。残余物通过硅胶层析纯化(30%乙酸乙酯,在己烷中),得到题述化合物,为白色固体。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=446.20。
实施例121:4-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-苯甲基磺酰基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶127
Figure A20058003698001631
[0580]应用与实施例120所述相同的方案,制备4-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1-苯甲基磺酰基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶127,其中将8-喹啉-磺酰氯替换为苄基磺酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=409.20。
实施例122:4-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吲哚128
方案27
Figure A20058003698001632
4-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吲哚128的合成
[0581]在微波安全管中,在1.00M碳酸钾水溶液(21mL)和四氢呋喃(34mL,0.42mol)中,混合4-溴吲哚(1.383g,0.007054mmol)、3,4-二甲氧基苯基硼酸(3.21g,0.0176mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(0.41g,0.00035mmol)。于100℃在微波中加热得到的混合物10分钟。反应混合物在水和乙酸乙酯之间分配。用乙酸乙酯萃取水层,合并有机层、用盐水洗涤并经硫酸钠干燥。在减压下浓缩反应混合物,残余物经硅胶层析纯化(30%乙酸乙酯,在己烷中),得到题述化合物1.02g,为浅绿色固体。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=254.20。
实施例123:5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吲哚129
Figure A20058003698001641
[0582]应用与实施例122所述相同的方案,制备5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吲哚129,其中将4-溴吲哚替换为5-溴吲哚。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=254.20。
实施例124:8-[5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-喹啉130
Figure A20058003698001642
[0583]应用与实施例9所述相同的方案,制备8-[5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-喹啉130,其中将3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并-[2,3-b]吡啶替换为5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吲哚。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=445.20。
实施例125:8-[4-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-喹啉131
Figure A20058003698001643
[0584]应用与实施例9所述相同的方案,制备8-[4-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吲哚-1-磺酰基]-喹啉131,其中将3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶替换为4(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吲哚。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=445.10。
实施例126:1-苯磺酰基-5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶132
Figure A20058003698001651
[0585]应用与实施例9所述相同的方案,制备1-苯磺酰基-5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶132,其中将3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并-[2,3-b]吡啶和喹啉-8-磺酰氯分别替换为5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并-[2,3-b]吡啶和苯磺酰氯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=395.20。
实施例127:4-[1-苯磺酰基-5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基乙炔基]-苯甲酸乙酯135
Figure A20058003698001652
方案28
Figure A20058003698001661
步骤15-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-3-碘-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶133的制备
[0586]在氮气氛下,将5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶82(0.270g,0.00106mol)溶解在四氢呋喃中(8.5mL,0.10mol)。于-40℃搅拌溶液,加入溶解在2.5mL四氢呋喃中的碘(0.269g,0.00106mol)。搅拌冷却的反应混合物2小时,随后加入水中的硫代硫酸钠五水合物(0.13g,0.00053mol)(1M)而淬灭。使反应混合物在水(20mL)和乙酸乙酯(30mL)之间分配。分出两层,用乙酸乙酯萃取水层。用水和盐水洗涤有机层,用硫酸钠干燥,随后在减压下浓缩。深色的粗残余物被进行下一步反应而不需进一步纯化。
步骤21-苯磺酰基-5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-3-碘-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶134的制备
[0587]向圆底烧瓶中,在5.000M氢氧化钠水溶液(2.73mL)中加入5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-3-碘-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶133(0.403g,0.00106mol)和溴化四-N-丁基铵(0.0342g,0.000106mol)。滴加含苯磺酰氯(0.225g,0.00127mol)的二氯甲烷(0.747mL,0.0116mol)。2小时之后,加入30mL二氯甲烷和30mL水。分离有机层,用1M碳酸氢钠(水溶液)(30ml×2)、随后用水(30ml)和盐水(30mL)洗涤。收集有机层并经无水硫酸钠干燥,随后在减压下浓缩。残余物经层析(硅胶,乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化,得到295mg的所需产物,为白色固体。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=521.04。
步骤34-[1-苯磺酰基-5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基乙炔基]-苯甲酸乙酯135的制备
[0588]在氮气氛下,将1-苯磺酰基-5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-3-碘-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶(0.0800g,0.000151mol)、4-乙炔基-苯甲酸乙酯(0.0321g,0.000181mol)、二(三苯基瞵)氯化钯(II)(0.0048g,0.0000069mol)和碘化亚铜(I)(0.00024g,0.0000013mol)溶解在三乙胺(0.8mL,0.005mol)中。将所得混合物加热至60℃并在氮气氛下搅拌2小时。在减压下浓缩反应混合物,向残余物中加入水(30mL)。用醚(20mL 2X)萃取此浆液。用盐水洗涤合并的有机层,经硫酸钠干燥并在减压下浓缩。粗产物经层析纯化(硅胶,乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到85mg的题述产物,为浅的橙色固体。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=567.10。
实施例128:1-苯磺酰基-5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-3-苯基乙炔基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶136
[0589]应用与实施例127所述相同的方案,制备1-苯磺酰基-5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-3-苯基乙炔基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶136,其中将4-乙炔基-苯甲酸乙酯替换为乙炔基-苯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=495.20。
实施例129:3-[1-苯磺酰基-5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基乙炔基]-苯甲酸甲酯137
Figure A20058003698001672
[0590]应用与实施例127所述相同的方案,制备3-[1-苯磺酰基-5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基乙炔基]-苯甲酸甲酯137,其中将4-乙炔基-苯甲酸乙酯替换为3-乙炔基-苯甲酸甲酯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=553.10。
实施例130:5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-3-苯基乙炔基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶138
Figure A20058003698001681
[0591]应用与实施例7所述相同的方案,制备5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-3-苯基乙炔基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶138,其中将1-苯磺酰基-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶替换为1-苯磺酰基-5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-3-苯基乙炔基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=355.20。
实施例131:3-[5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基乙炔基]-苯甲酸甲酯139
[0592]应用与实施例7所述相同的方案,制备3-[5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基乙炔基]-苯甲酸甲酯139,其中将1-苯磺酰基-3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶替换为3-[1-苯磺酰基-5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基乙炔基]-苯甲酸甲酯。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=413.20。
实施例132:3-[5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基乙炔基]-苯甲酸140
方案29
Figure A20058003698001683
3-[5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基乙炔基]-苯甲酸140的制备
[0593]在微波安全管中,将3-[5-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基乙炔基]-苯甲酸甲酯(0.049g,0.00012mol)溶解在5.00M氢氧化钠水(1.78mL)溶液和甲醇(7.1mL,0.18mol)中。在60瓦特使反应加温至100℃,10分钟。在减压下浓缩得到的清澈黄色溶液。用1M HCl(水溶液)使得到的含水浆液酸化至pH 5并萃取入乙酸乙酯。用盐水洗涤有机层,经无水硫酸钠干燥并,随后在减压下浓缩。将得到的残余物从乙酸乙酯和甲醇中重结晶,得到题述化合物,为白色固体。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=399.20。
实施例133:5-(1-苯磺酰基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基)-2-甲氧基-苯酚141
方案30
Figure A20058003698001691
5-(1-苯磺酰基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-3-基)-2-甲氧基-苯酚141的制备
[0594]向帕尔压力反应器中,放置1-苯磺酰基-3-(3-苄氧基-4-甲氧基-苯基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶(92mg,0.00020mol)与钯(50mg,0.00005mol)10%、四氢呋喃(15mL,0.18mol)和甲醇(1mL,0.02mol)和HCl溶液(3mL,0.04mol)。在氢气氛以50psi振荡反应4小时。使反应混合物过滤通过CeliteTM并在减压下浓缩。残余物通过制备型TLC(乙酸乙酯/己烷1∶1)纯化,得到31mg的题述产物。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=381.11。
实施例134:3-苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯-5-基-2-甲基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶142
Figure A20058003698001692
[0595]应用与实施例8所述相同的方案,制备3-苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯-5-基-2-甲基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶142,其中将3-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶和3,4-二甲氧基-苯基硼酸分别替换为3-溴-2-甲基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶和5-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)-苯并[1,3]间二氧杂环戊烯。
实施例135:3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-2-甲基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶143
Figure A20058003698001701
[0596]应用与实施例8所述相同的方案,制备3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-2-甲基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶143,其中将3-溴-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶替换为3-溴-2-甲基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶。
实施例136:(4-氨基-2-乙氧基-苯基)-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-甲酮144
Figure A20058003698001702
[0597]将3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]-(2-乙氧基-4-硝基-苯基)-甲酮54(100mg,0.22mmol)溶解在EtOAc(30mL)中。加入催化量的10%Pd/C(7mg),用橡胶隔膜盖住烧瓶。将烧瓶抽真空并填充回氢气两次。最后,在氢气氛(气囊)下搅拌反应过夜。反应混合物经Celite_过滤,用EtOAc(2×75mL)充分漂洗,在减压下浓缩,得到题述化合物(56mg,60%)。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=418.24。
实施例137:N-{4-[3-(3,4-二甲氧基-苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-羰基]-3-乙氧基-苯基}甲磺酰胺145
[0598]向圆底烧瓶中加入含(4-氨基-2-乙氧苯基)[3-(3,4-二甲氧苯基)-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶-1-基]甲酮(56mg,0.00013mol)的四氢呋喃(15mL)。加入氢化钠(4.8mg,0.00020mol,矿物油中的60%分散体),并向反应混合物中加入甲磺酰氯(38mg,0.00034mol),随后室温下搅拌过夜。柱层析纯化(硅胶)得到题述化合物。MS(ESI)[M+H+]+=496.08。
实施例138:PDE4B磷酸二酯酶结构域的克隆
[0599]从人脑,海马QUICK-Clone cDNA文库(Clontech,#7169-1)经PCR扩增出PDE4B cDNA序列,其中应用下列引物:
PDE4B-S:5’-CCGAATT CATATG AGCATCTCACGCTTTGGAGTC-3’34 mer
PDE4B-A:5’-TGTGCT CTCGAG TTA GCTGTGTCCCTCTCCCTCC-3’34 mer
[0600]然后通过位点定向诱变基因工程改造出内部NdeI位点,其中应用下列引物:
PDE4B-NDE1:5’-GATATGTCTAAACA
Figure A20058003698001711
ATGAGCCTGCTGGC-3’29 mer
PDE4B-NDE2:5’-GCCAGCAGGCTCAT TGTTTAGACATATC-3’29 mer
[0601]用NdeI和SalI消化得到的PCR片段并亚克隆入pET15S载体。
[0602]在此表达质粒中,PDE4B(NCBI序列JC1519,SEQ ID NO:1)的残基152-528与N端组氨酸标签位于一个阅读框中,N端His-标签后是凝血酶切割位点。
[0603]具有多克隆位点的pET15S的序列,在下面示出:
T7启动子
AGATCTCGATCCCGCGAAAT TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGGAATTGTGAGCGGATAACAATTCCCC
                             RBS
TCTAGAAATAATTTTGTTTAACTTTAAG AAGGAGATATACC
                                                          NdeI
ATGGGCAGCAGCCATCATCATCATCATCACAGCAGCGGCCTGGTGCCGCGCGGCAGCCATATG GGATCCG G
 M  G  S  S  H  H  H  H  H  H  S  S  G   L  V  P  R   G  S H  M--------
        StuI    SalI
AATTCAA AGGCCTACGTCGAC TAGAGC CTGCAGTCTCGACCATCATCATCATCATCAT TAATAAAAGGGC G
----------------------- *
                         SpeI   BamHI
GGCCGTTACTAGT GGATCCGGCTGCTAACAAAGCCCGAAAGGAAGCTGAGTTGG
IVEX-3引物
       Bpu1102 I                T7终止子
CTGCTGCCACC ACCCCTTGGGGCCTCTAAACGGGTCTTGAGGGGTTTTTTG
            3’-PET引物
[0604]pET15S载体衍生自pET15b细菌表达载体(Novagen),可以产生带有N端His6的蛋白质。通过将NdeI-BamHI片段替换为其它片段而对此载体进行修饰,从而产生SalI位点和终止密码子(TAG)。载体长度是5814bp。可以利用NdeI-SalI位点进行插入。表3中提供了所应用的PDE4B磷酸二酯酶结构域的氨基酸序列和核酸序列。
实施例139:PDE4B的纯化
[0605]PDE4B是从大肠杆菌(E.coli)细胞[BL21(DE3)Codon Plus(RIL)(Novagen)]纯化的,所述细胞在补充有0.2mM醋酸锌和1mM MgCl2的Terrific肉汤中生长,并用1mM IPTG于22℃诱导16-20小时。将离心的细菌沉淀(典型地从16L中得到200-250g)悬浮在裂解缓冲液(0.1M磷酸钾缓冲液,pH 8.0,10%甘油,1mM PMSF)中。向裂解物中加入100ug/ml溶菌酶,使细胞在Cell Disruptor(MicroFluidics)中裂解。在Sorvall SA6000转子中以5000rpm离心1小时,使细胞提取物澄清,在SorvallSA600转子中以17000rpm再次对上清液离心1小时。向清澈的上清液中加入5mM咪唑(pH 8.0),向每35ml提取物中加入2ml钴珠(50%浆体)。于4℃在Nutator上混合珠子3-4小时,以4000rpm离心3分钟回收珠子。用裂解缓冲液对沉淀的珠子洗涤数次,将珠子填充在BioRad一次性柱上。用3-4个柱体积的0.1M咪唑、随后用0.25M咪唑洗脱结合的蛋白质,所述咪唑都是用裂解缓冲液制备的。在Centriprep-10膜(Amicon)上浓缩从钴珠洗脱的蛋白质,在Pharmacia Superdex 200柱(26/60)上分离,所述柱是在低盐缓冲液(25mM Tris-HCl,pH 8.0,150mM NaCl,14mMβ-巯基乙醇)中。此时,用凝血酶室温下处理PDE蛋白16-20小时。在Pharmacia Source Q柱上(10/10)通过阴离子交换层析进一步纯化PDE蛋白,所述柱是在20mM Tris-HCl pH 8和14mMβ-巯基乙醇中,其中应用NaCl梯度,在AKTA-FPLC(Pharmacia)中进行。
实施例140:PDE4B磷酸二酯酶结构域的结晶
[0606]应用Intelliplate(Robbins Scientific,Hampton),通过混合1微升蛋白质和1微升沉淀剂,使PDE4B的晶体在30%PEG 400、0.2M MgCl2、0.1M Tris pH 8.5、1mM结合配体、15.9mg/ml蛋白质中,在4℃生长。在1.4_收集数据。
[0607]此外,应用Intelliplate(Robbins Scientific,Hampton),通过混合1微升蛋白质和1微升沉淀剂,使PDE4B的晶体在20%PEG 3000、0.2M Ca(OAc)2、0.1M TrispH 7.0、1mM结合配体、15.9mg/ml蛋白质中,在4℃生长。在1.7_收集数据。
实施例141:PDE4B的结构测定
[0608]利用以前登记过的PDE4B坐标,应用分子置换法解析PDE4B的结构。表1提供了测定的PDE4B结构的原子坐标(表2中提供了共晶体结构的坐标)。
实施例142:PDE结合试验
[0609]可以用多种方法,包括本领域已知的许多方法进行结合试验。例如,如上所述,可以用荧光共振能量转移(FRET)方式或应用AlphaScreen进行结合试验。
[0610]可选地,能够测定配体与cAMP结合部位的结合的任何方法都可以被应用。例如,可以应用荧光配体。当与PDE4B结合时,发射的荧光被偏振。一旦被抑制剂结合替代,则偏振减少。
[0611]通过竞争性结合试验测定化合物的IC50。(注意KI是抑制剂结合的解离常数;KD是底物结合的解离常数)。对于本系统,IC50、抑制剂结合常数和底物结合常数根据下式可以发生关联:
[0612]当使用放射性标记底物时, K I = IC 50 1 + [ L * ] / K D ,
当存在小量的标记底物时,IC50约等于KI
实施例143:PDE活性分析
[0613]作为示例性的磷酸二酯酶分析,以下面的分析方式测定潜在的调节剂对PDE4B、PDE5A和其它PDE的磷酸二酯酶活性的效应:
试剂
[0614]测定用缓冲液
50mM Tris,7.5
8.3mM MgCl2
1.7mM EGTA
0.01%BSA
于4度保存
[0615]RNA结合YSi SPA珠子
珠子是100mg/ml,在水中。用1M醋酸锌/ZnSO4溶液(3∶1)和水稀释为5mg/ml,18mM Zn。4度保存。
[0616]低对照化合物               20×DMSO贮存液的浓度
PDE1B:8-甲氧基甲基IBMX          20mM
PDE2A:EHNA                      10mM
PDE3B:米力农(Milrinone)         2mM
PDE4D:洛利普南(Rolipram)        10mM
PDE5A:扎普司特(Zaprinast)       10mM
PDE7B:IBMX                      40mM
PDE10A:双嘧达莫(Dipyridamole)   4mM
[0617]酶浓度(2×终浓度,用测定用缓冲液稀释)
PDE1B  50ng/ml
PDE2A  50ng/ml
PDE3B  10ng/ml
PDE4D  5ng/ml
PDE5A  20ng/ml
PDE7B  25ng/ml
PDE10A 5ng/ml)
[0618]放射性配体
[3H]cAMP(Amersham TRK559)。用测定用缓冲液稀释2000×。
[3H]cGMP(Amersham TRK392)。仅用于PDE5A分析。用测定用缓冲液稀释2000×。
[0619]方案
用BiomekFx将1μl化合物转移到384孔板,由2mM、96孔母板制备测定板。化合物的终浓度将是~100μM。从每一母板制备两个测定板,以便化合物被测定两次。
向测定平板的第23列中加入1μl的合适对照化合物的20×DMSO贮存液。这些将是低对照(low control)。
Chembridge文库测定平板的1和2列以及Maybridge文库测定平板的21和22列有1μl DMSO。这些是高对照(high control)。
应用BiomekFx,将10μl放射性配体移取到每一测定孔中,随后,应用相同的吸头,将10μl酶移取到每一孔中。
用透明的覆盖物密封测定板,以1000RPM短暂离心,随后在平板振荡器上混合10秒钟。
于30℃温育30分钟。
应用BiomekFx,向每一测定孔中加入10μl珠子混合物。在向每一测定板加入珠子之前,即刻在贮器中充分混合珠子。
用新的透明覆盖物再次密封平板。在平板振荡器上混合10秒钟,随后以1000RPM离心1分钟。
将平板置于计数架中。使之静置≥30分钟,随后用程序8在Wallac TriLux上计数。
分析数据,表示为酶活性的抑制百分数。高对照的平均值=0%抑制。低对照的平均值=100%抑制。
实施例144:用于生物化学分析和细胞分析的PPARs的表达和纯化
遗传工程
[0620]应用普通的聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法,对编码人磷酸二酯酶(PDEs)4B和4D的质粒进行基因工程。全长PDEs和仅含有PDE催化结构域的截短形式都被改造用于异源表达。所应用的相关DNA序列和编码的蛋白质序列各自示出(参见下文)。人PDE4B和PDE4D基因具有几个剪接变体;选择用于全长表达的剪接变体是PDE4B2(NCBI登记号gi 292387)和PDE4D5(NCBI登记号gi 2735856)。从多种人组织克隆的互补DNA购自Invitrogen,这些被用作PCR反应中的底物。特定的定制合成的寡核苷酸引物(Invitrogen,参见下文)被设计用来引发PCR产物,也用来提供用于与质粒连接的合适的限制性酶切割位点。
[0621]用于与编码催化结构域的PDE4B和PDE4D插入序列连接的质粒衍生自pET15(Novagen),可以用大肠杆菌进行表达。用于与全长PDE4B和PDE4D插入序列连接的质粒是pFastBacHT(Invitrogen)。在所有这些情况下,PDE都被改造为含有组氨酸标签,以便应用金属亲和层析进行纯化。
PDE4催化结构域在大肠杆菌中的蛋白质表达和纯化
[0622]为了进行蛋白质表达,将含有感兴趣基因的质粒转化到大肠杆菌菌株BL21(DE3)RIL中,在含有合适抗生素的LB琼脂平板上选择转化子。单克隆在200ml LB培养基中于37℃生长4小时。对于PDE4B和PDE4D,所有的蛋白质表达都是应用30L生物反应器通过大规模发酵进行的。将400ml的起始培养物加入30LTB培养物中,使其在37℃生长,直至OD600nm达到2-5。将培养物冷却至20℃,加入0.5mM IPTG、1mM MgCl2和0.2mM ZnOAc,使培养物再生长18小时。
[0623]对于蛋白质纯化,所有的操作都在4℃进行。应用标准的机械方法,将冷冻的大肠杆菌细胞沉淀物重悬浮在裂解缓冲液中并使其裂解。应用固定化金属亲和纯化(IMAC),通过聚组氨酸标签纯化可溶性蛋白质。每一PDE纯化都是应用3步纯化过程实现的,其中应用IMAC、尺寸排阻色谱和离子交换色谱。对于PDE4B和PDE4D,在最终的纯化步骤之前,应用凝血酶(Calbiochem)去除聚组氨酸标签。
[0624]对于被提供用于测定目的的蛋白质,除了纯化仅为2步,以及不去除聚组氨酸标签之外,按照上述表达条件进行。酶在50%甘油中保存。
应用杆状病毒,将全长PDE4同工型在昆虫细胞中进行蛋白质表达和纯化
应用标准方案表达的PDE
[0625]PDE4B2:全长人PDE4B2同工酶,带有N端His6标签和TEV切割位点,在杆状病毒感染的昆虫细胞中表达。该酶未从细胞裂解物中纯化,因而未测定酶浓度。将酶于-20℃保存在50%甘油中。
[0626]PDE4D5:全长人PDE4D5同工酶,带有N端His6标签和TEV切割位点,在杆状病毒感染的昆虫细胞中表达。该酶未从细胞裂解物中纯化,因而未测定酶浓度。将酶于-20℃保存在50%甘油中。
质粒序列和PCR引物信息:
[0627]PDE4B:
P457.pET15S PDE4B S152-S528-X
                                 taatacgactcactataggggaattgt
gagcggataacaattcccctctagaaataattttgtttaactttaagaaggagatatacc
atgggcagcagccatcatcatcatcatcacagcagcggcctggtgccgcgcggcagccat
 M  G  S  S  H  H  H  H  H  H  S  S  G  L  V  P  R  G  S  H
atgagcatctcacgctttggagtcaacactgaaaatgaagatcacctggccaaggagctg
 M  S  I  S  R  F  G  V  N  T  E  N  E  D  H  L  A  K  E  L
gaagacctgaacaaatggggtcttaacatctttaatgtggctggatattctcacaataga
 E  D  L  N  K  W  G  L  N  I  F  N  V  A  G  Y  S  H  N  R
cccctaacatgcatcatgtatgctatattccaggaaagagacctcctaaagacattcaga
 P  L  T  C  I  M  Y  A  I  F  Q  E  R  D  L  L  K  T  F  R
atctcatctgacacatttataacctacatgatgactttagaagaccattaccattctgac
 I  S  S  D  T  F  I  T  Y  M  M  T  L  E  D  H  Y  H  S  D
gtggcatatcacaacagcctgcacgctgctgatgtagcccagtcgacccatgttctcctt
 V  A  Y  H  N  S  L  H  A  A  D  V  A  Q  S  T  H  V  L  L
tctacaccagcattagacgctgtcttcacagatttggaaatcctggctgccatttttgca
 S  T  P  A  L  D  A  V  F  T  D  L  E  I  L  A  A  I  F  A
gctgccatccatgacgttgatcatcctggagtctccaatcagtttctcatcaacacaaat
 A  A  I  H  D  V  D  H  P  G  V  S  N  Q  F  L  I  N  T  N
tcagaacttgctttgatgtataatgatgaatctgtgttggaaaatcatcaccttgctgtg
 S  E  L  A  L  M  Y  N  D  E  S  V  L  E  N  H  H  L  A  V
ggtttcaaactgctgcaagaagaacactgtgacatcttcatgaatctcaccaagaagcag
 G  F  K  L  L  Q  E  E  H  C  D  I  F  M  N  L  T  K  K  Q
cgtcagacactcaggaagatggttattgacatggtgttagcaactgatatgtctaaacac
 R  Q  T  L  R  K  M  V  I  D  M  V  L  A  T  D  M  S  K  H
atgagcctgctggcagacctgaagacaatggtagaaacgaagaaagttacaagttcaggc
 M  S  L  L  A  D  L  K  T  M  V  E  T  K  K  V  T  S  S  G
gttcttctcctagacaactataccgatcgcattcaggtccttcgcaacatggtacactgt
 V  L  L  L  D  N  Y  T  D  R  I  Q  V  L  R  N  M  V  H  C
gcagacctgagcaaccccaccaagtccttggaattgtatcggcaatggacagaccgcatc
 A  D  L  S  N  P  T  K  S  L  E  L  Y  R  Q  W  T  D  R  I
atggaggaatttttccagcagggagacaaagagcgggagaggggaatggaaattagccca
 M  E  E  F  F  Q  Q  G  D  K  E  R  E  R  G  M  E  I  S  P
atgtgtgataaacacacagcttctgtggaaaaatcccaggttggtttcatcgactacatt
 M  C  D  K  H  T  A  S  V  E  K  S  Q  V  G  F  I  D  Y  I
gtccatccattgtgggagacatgggcagatttggtacagcctgatgctcaggacattctc
 V  H  P  L  W  E  T  W  A  D  L  V  Q  P  D  A  Q  D  I  L
gataccttagaagataacaggaactggtatcagagcatgatacctcaaagtccctcacca
 D  T  L  E  D  N  R  N  W  Y  Q  S  M  I  P  Q  S  P  S  P
ccactggacgagcagaacagggactgccagggtctgatggagaagtttcagtttgaactg
 P  L  D  E  Q  N  R  D  C  Q  G  L  M  E  K  F  Q  F  E  L
actctcgatgaggaagattctgaaggacctgagaaggagggagagggacacagctaactc
 T  L  D  E  E  D  S  E  G  P  E  K  E  G  E  G  H  S  -
gactagagcctgcagtctcgaccatcatcatcatcatcattaataaaagggcgaattcca
gcacactggcggccgttactagtggatcc
PCR引物:
PDE4B  PDE4-S   CCGAATTCATATGAGCATCTCACGCTTTGGAGTC 316
       PDE4B-A  TGTGCTCTCGAGTTAGCTGTGTCCCTCTCCCTCC 317
[0628]PDE4D:
P4437.pET15S PDE4D S316-V692-X
                                 taatacgactcactataggggaattgt
gagcggataacaattcccctctagaaataattttgtttaactttaagaaggagatatacc
atgggcagcagccatcatcatcatcatcacagcagcggcctggtgccgcgcggcagccat
 M  G  S  S  H  H  H  H  H  H  S  S  G  L  V  P  R  G  S  H
atgagtatcccaaggtttggagttaaaactgaacaagaagatgtccttgccaaggaacta
 M  S  I  P  R  F  G  V  K  T  E  Q  E  D  V  L  A  K  E  L
gaagatgtgaacaaatggggtcttcatgttttcagaatagcagagttgtctggtaaccgg
 E  D  V  N  K  W  G  L  H  V  F  R  I  A  E  L  S  G  N  R
cccttgactgttatcatgcacaccatttttcaggaacgggatttattaaaaacatttaaa
 P  L  T  V  I  M  H  T  I  F  Q  E  R  D  L  L  K  T  F  K
attccagtagatactttaattacatatcttatgactctcgaagaccattaccatgctgat
 I  P  V  D  T  L  I  T  Y  L  M  T  L  E  D  H  Y  H  A  D
gtggcctatcacaacaatatccatgctgcagatgttgtccagtctactcatgtgctatta
 V  A  Y  H  N  N  I  H  A  A  D  V  V  Q  S  T  H  V  L  L
tctacacctgctttggaggctgtgtttacagatttggagattcttgcagcaatttttgcc
 S  T  P  A  L  E  A  V  F  T  D  L  E  I  L  A  A  I  F  A
agtgcaatacatgatgtagatcatcctggtgtgtccaatcaatttctgatcaatacaaac
 S  A  I  H  D  V  D  H  P  G  V  S  N  Q  F  L  I  N  T  N
tctgaacttgccttgatgtacaatgattcctcagtcttagagaaccatcatttggctgtg
 S  E  L  A  L  M  Y  N  D  S  S  V  L  E  N  H  H  L  A  V
ggctttaaattgcttcaggaagaaaactgtgacattttccagaatttgaccaaaaaacaa
 G  F  K  L  L  Q  E  E  N  C  D  I  F  Q  N  L  T  K  K  Q
agacaatctttaaggaaaatggtcattgacatcgtacttgcaacagatatgtcaaaacac
 R  Q  S  L  R  K  M  V  I  D  I  V  L  A  T  D  M  S  K  H
atgaatctactggctgatttgaagactatggttgaaactaagaaagtgacaagctctgga
 M  N  L  L  A  D  L  K  T  M  V  E  T  K  K  V  T  S  S  G
gttcttcttcttgataattattccgataggattcaggttcttcagaatatggtgcactgt
 V  L  L  L  D  N  Y  S  D  R  I  Q  V  L  Q  N  M  V  H  C
gcagatctgagcaacccaacaaagcctctccagctgtaccgccagtggacggaccggata
 A  D  L  S  N  P  T  K  P  L  Q  L  Y  R  Q  W  T  D  R  I
atggaggagttcttccgccaaggagaccgagagagggaacgtggcatggagataagcccc
 M  E  E  F  F  R  Q  G  D  R  E  R  E  R  G  M  E  I  S  P
atgtgtgacaagcacaatgcttccgtggaaaaatcacaggtgggcttcatagactatatt
 M  C  D  K  H  N  A  S  V  E  K  S  Q  V  G  F  I  D  Y  I
gttcatcccctctgggagacatgggcagacctcgtccaccctgacgcccaggatattttg
 V  H  P  L  W  E  T  W  A  D  L  V  H  P  D  A  Q  D  I  L
gacactttggaggacaatcgtgaatggtaccagagcacaatccctcagagcccctctcct
 D  T  L  E  D  N  R  E  W  Y  Q  S  T  I  P  Q  S  P  S  P
gcacctgatgacccagaggagggccggcagggtcaaactgagaaattccagtttgaacta
 A  P  D  D  P  E  E  G  R  Q  G  Q  T  E  K  F  Q  F  E  L
actttagaggaagatggtgagtcagacacggaaaaggacagtggcagtcaagtgtaagtc
 T  L  E  E  D  G  E  S  D  T  E  K  D  S  G  S  Q  V  -
gactagagcctgcagtctcgaccatcatcatcatcatcattaataaaagggcgaattcca
gcacactggcggccgttactagtggatcc
PCR引物:
        PDE4D  PDE4D-S  TCTGACTCATATGAGTATCCCAAGGTTTGGAGT  323
               PDE4D-A  CTAGTGTCGACTTACACTTGACTGCCACTGTCCT 324
[0629]PDE4B2:
P4477.pFastBac PDE4B2 M1-T564-X
     tattccggattattcataccgtcccaccatcgggcgcggatctcggtccgaaacc
atgtcgtactaccatcaccatcaccatcacgattacgatatcccaacgaccgaaaacctg
 M  S  Y  Y  H  H  H  H  H  H  D  Y  D  I  P  T  T  E  N  L
tattttcagggccatatgaaggagcacgggggcaccttcagtagcaccggaatcagcggt
 Y  F  Q  G  H  M  K  E  H  G  G  T  F  S  S  T  G  I  S  G
ggtagcggtgactctgctatggacagcctgcagccgctccagcctaactacatgcctgtg
 G  S  G  D  S  A  M  D  S  L  Q  P  L  Q  P  N  Y  M  P  V
tgtttgtttgcagaagaatcttatcaaaaattagcaatggaaacgctggaggaattagac
 C  L  F  A  E  E  S  Y  Q  K  L  A  M  E  T  L  E  E  L  D
tggtgtttagaccagctagagaccatacagacctaccggtctgtcagtgagatggcttct
 W  C  L  D  Q  L  E  T  I  Q  T  Y  R  S  V  S  E  M  A  S
aacaagttcaaaagaatgctgaaccgggagctgacacacctctcagagatgagccgatca
 N  K  F  K  R  M  L  N  R  E  L  T  H  L  S  E  M  S  R  S
gggaaccaggtgtctgaatacatttcaaatactttcttagacaagcagaatgatgtggag
 G  N  Q  V  S  E  Y  I  S  N  T  F  L  D  K  Q  N  D  V  E
atcccatctcctacccagaaagacagggagaaaaagaaaaagcagcagctcatgacccag
 I  P  S  P  T  Q  K  D  R  E  K  K  K  K  Q  Q  L  M  T  Q
ataagtggagtgaagaaattaatgcatagttcaagcctaaacaatacaagcatctcacgc
 I  S  G  V  K  K  L  M  H  S  S  S  L  N  N  T  S  I  S  R
tttggagtcaacactgaaaatgaagatcacctggccaaggagctggaagacctgaacaaa
 F  G  V  N  T  E  N  E  D  H  L  A  K  E  L  E  D  L  N  K
tggggtcttaacatctttaatgtggctggatattctcacaatagacccctaacatgcatc
 W  G  L  N  I  F  N  V  A  G  Y  S  H  N  R  P  L  T  C  I
atgtatgctatattccaggaaagagacctcctaaagacattcagaatctcatctgacaca
 M  Y  A  I  F  Q  E  R  D  L  L  K  T  F  R  I  S  S  D  T
tttataacctacatgatgactttagaagaccattaccattctgacgtggcatatcacaac
 F  I  T  Y  M  M  T  L  E  D  H  Y  H  S  D  V  A  Y  H  N
agcctgcacgctgctgatgtagcccagtcgacccatgttctcctttctacaccagcatta
 S  L  H  A  A  D  V  A  Q  S  T  H  V  L  L  S  T  P  A  L
gacgctgtcttcacagatttggaaatcctggctgccatttttgcagctgccatccatgac
 D  A  V  F  T  D  L  E  I  L  A  A  I  F  A  A  A  I  H  D
gttgatcatcctggagtctccaatcagtttctcatcaacacaaattcagaacttgctttg
 V  D  H  P  G  V  S  N  Q  F  L  I  N  T  N  S  E  L  A  L
atgtataatgatgaatctgtgttggaaaatcatcaccttgctgtgggtttcaaactgctg
 M  Y  N  D  E  S  V  L  E  N  H  H  L  A  V  G  F  K  L  L
caagaagaacactgtgacatcttcatgaatctcaccaagaagcagcgtcagacactcagg
 Q  E  E  H  C  D  I  F  M  N  L  T  K  K  Q  R  Q  T  L  R
aagatggttattgacatggtgttagcaactgatatgtctaaacacatgagcctgctggca
 K  M  V  I  D  M  V  L  A  T  D  M  S  K  H  M  S  L  L  A
gacctgaagacaatggtagaaacgaagaaagttacaagttcaggcgttcttctcctagac
 D  L  K  T  M  V  E  T  K  K  V  T  S  S  G  V  L  L  L  D
aactataccgatcgcattcaggtccttcgcaacatggtacactgtgcagacctgagcaac
 N  Y  T  D  R  I  Q  V  L  R  N  M  V  H  C  A  D  L  S  N
cccaccaagtccttggaattgtatcggcaatggacagaccgcatcatggaggaatttttc
 P  T  K  S  L  E  L  Y  R  Q  W  T  D  R  I  M  E  E  F  F
cagcagggagacaaagagcgggagaggggaatggaaattagcccaatgtgtgataaacac
 Q  Q  G  D  K  E  R  E  R  G  M  E  I  S  P  M  C  D  K  H
acagcttctgtggaaaaatcccaggttggtttcatcgactacattgtccatccattgtgg
 T  A  S  V  E  K  S  Q  V  G  F  I  D  Y  I  V  H  P  L  W
gagacatgggcagatttggtacagcctgatgctcaggacattctcgataccttagaagat
 E  T  W  A  D  L  V  Q  P  D  A  Q  D  I  L  D  T  L  E  D
aacaggaactggtatcagagcatgatacctcaaagtccctcaccaccactggacgagcag
 N  R  N  W  Y  Q  S  M  I  P  Q  S  P  S  P  P  L  D  E  Q
aacagggactgccagggtctgatggagaagtttcagtttgaactgactctcgatgaggaa
 N  R  D  C  Q  G  L  M  E  K  F  Q  F  E  L  T  L  D  E  E
gattctgaaggacctgagaaggagggagagggacacagctatttcagcagcacaaagacg
 D  S  E  G  P  E  K  E  G  E  G  H  S  Y  F  S  S  T  K  T
ctttgtgtgattgatccagaaaacagagattccctgggagagactgacatagacattgca
 L  C  V  I  D  P  E  N  R  D  S  L  G  E  T  D  I  D  I  A
acagaagacaagtcccccgtggatacataatccccctctcgaggcatgcggtaccaagct
 T  E  D  K  S  P  V  D  T  -
t
PCR引物:
                                                     373
PDE4B  PDE4B2-S    CGTGCAACATATGAAGGAGCACGGGGGCAC    4
                                                     189
       PDE4BFULL-A TCCACCTCGAGAGGGGGATTATGTATCCAC    8
[0630]PDE4D5:
P4478.pFastBac PDE4D5 M1-T745-X
     tattccggattattcataccgtcccaccatcgggcgcggatctcggtccgaaacc
atgtcgtactaccatcaccatcaccatcacgattacgatatcccaacgaccgaaaacctg
 M  S  Y  Y  H  H  H  H  H  H  D  Y  D  I  P  T  T  E  N  L
tattttcagggccatatggctcagcagacaagcccggacactttaacagtacctgaagtg
 Y  F  Q  G  H  M  A  Q  Q  T  S  P  D  T  L  T  V  P  E  V
gataatccgcattgtccaaacccgtggctgaacgaagaccttgtgaaatccttgcgagaa
 D  N  P  H  C  P  N  P  W  L  N  E  D  L  V  K  S  L  R  E
aacctgttgcagcatgagaagtccaagacagcgaggaaatcggtttctcccaagctctct
 N  L  L  Q  H  E  K  S  K  T  A  R  K  S  V  S  P  K  L  S
ccagtgatctctccgagaaattcccccaggcttctgcgcagaatgcttctcagcagcaac
 P  V  I  S  P  R  N  S  P  R  L  L  R  R  M  L  L  S  S  N
atccccaaacagcggcgtttcacggtggcacatacatgttttgatgtggacaatggcaca
 I  P  K  Q  R  R  F  T  V  A  H  T  C  F  D  V  D  N  G  T
tctgcgggacggagtcccttggatcccatgaccagcccaggatccgggctaattctccaa
 S  A  G  R  S  P  L  D  P  M  T  S  P  G  S  G  L  I  L  Q
gcaaattttgtccacagtcaacgacgggagtccttcctgtatcgatccgacagcgattat
 A  N  F  V  H  S  Q  R  R  E  S  F  L  Y  R  S  D  S  D  Y
gacctctctccaaagtctatgtcccggaactcctccattgccagtgatatacacggagat
 D  L  S  P  K  S  M  S  R  N  S  S  I  A  S  D  I  H  G  D
gacttgattgtgactccatttgctcaggtcttggccagtctgcgaactgtacgaaacaac
 D  L  I  V  T  P  F  A  Q  V  L  A  S  L  R  T  V  R  N  N
tttgctgcattaactaatttgcaagatcgagcacctagcaaaagatcacccatgtgcaac
 F  A  A  L  T  N  L  Q  D  R  A  P  S  K  R  S  P  M  C  N
caaccatccatcaacaaagccaccataacagaggaggcctaccagaaactggccagcgag
 Q  P  S  I  N  K  A  T  I  T  E  E  A  Y  Q  K  L  A  S  E
accctggaggagctggactggtgtctggaccagctagagaccctacagaccaggcactcc
 T  L  E  E  L  D  W  C  L  D  Q  L  E  T  L  Q  T  R  H  S
gtcagtgagatggcctccaacaagtttaaaaggatgcttaatcgggagctcacccatctc
 V  S  E  M  A  S  N  K  F  K  R  M  L  N  R  E  L  T  H  L
tctgaaatgagtcggtctggaaatcaagtgtcagagtttatatcaaacacattcttagat
 S  E  M  S  R  S  G  N  Q  V  S  E  F  I  S  N  T  F  L  D
aagcaacatgaagtggaaattccttctccaactcagaaggaaaaggagaaaaagaaaaga
 K  Q  H  E  V  E  I  P  S  P  T  Q  K  E  K  E  K  K  K  R
ccaatgtctcagatcagtggagtcaagaaattgatgcacagctctagtctgactaattca
 P  M  S  Q  I  S  G  V  K  K  L  M  H  S  S  S  L  T  N  S
agtatcccaaggtttggagttaaaactgaacaagaagatgtccttgccaaggaactagaa
 S  I  P  R  F  G  V  K  T  E  Q  E  D  V  L  A  K  E  L  E
gatgtgaacaaatggggtcttcatgttttcagaatagcagagttgtctggtaaccggccc
 D  V  N  K  W  G  L  H  V  F  R  I  A  E  L  S  G  N  R  P
ttgactgttatcatgcacaccatttttcaggaacgggatttattaaaaacatttaaaatt
 L  T  V  I  M  H  T  I  F  Q  E  R  D  L  L  K  T  F  K  I
ccagtagatactttaattacatatcttatgactctcgaagaccattaccatgctgatgtg
 P  V  D  T  L  I  T  Y  L  M  T  L  E  D  H  Y  H  A  D  V
gcctatcacaacaatatccatgctgcagatgttgtccagtctactcatgtgctattatct
 A  Y  H  N  N  I  H  A  A  D  V  V  Q  S  T  H  V  L  L  S
acacctgctttggaggctgtgtttacagatttggagattcttgcagcaatttttgccagt
 T  P  A  L  E  A  V  F  T  D  L  E  I  L  A  A  I  F  A  S
gcaatacatgatgtagatcatcctggtgtgtccaatcaatttctgatcaatacaaactct
 A  I  H  D  V  D  H  P  G  V  S  N  Q  F  L  I  N  T  N  S
gaacttgccttgatgtacaatgattcctcagtcttagagaaccatcatttggctgtgggc
 E  L  A  L  M  Y  N  D  S  S  V  L  E  N  H  H  L  A  V  G
tttaaattgcttcaggaagaaaactgtgacattttccagaatttgaccaaaaaacaaaga
 F  K  L  L  Q  E  E  N  C  D  I  F  Q  N  L  T  K  K  Q  R
caatctttaaggaaaatggtcattgacatcgtacttgcaacagatatgtcaaaacacatg
 Q  S  L  R  K  M  V  I  D  I  V  L  A  T  D  M  S  K  H  M
aatctactggctgatttgaagactatggttgaaactaagaaagtgacaagctctggagtt
 N  L  L  A  D  L  K  T  M  V  E  T  K  K  V  T  S  S  G  V
cttcttcttgataattattccgataggattcaggttcttcagaatatggtgcactgtgca
 L  L  L  D  N  Y  S  D  R  I  Q  V  L  Q  N  M  V  H  C  A
gatctgagcaacccaacaaagcctctccagctgtaccgccagtggacggaccggataatg
 D  L  S  N  P  T  K  P  L  Q  L  Y  R  Q  W  T  D  R  I  M
gaggagttcttccgccaaggagaccgagagagggaacgtggcatggagataagccccatg
 E  E  F  F  R  Q  G  D  R  E  R  E  R  G  M  E  I  S  P  M
tgtgacaagcacaatgcttccgtggaaaaatcacaggtgggcttcatagactatattgtt
 C  D  K  H  N  A  S  V  E  K  S  Q  V  G  F  I  D  Y  I  V
catcccctctgggagacatgggcagacctcgtccaccctgacgcccaggatattttggac
 H  P  L  W  E  T  W  A  D  L  V  H  P  D  A  Q  D  I  L  D
actttggaggacaatcgtgaatggtaccagagcacaatccctcagagcccctctcctgca
 T  L  E  D  N  R  E  W  Y  Q  S  T  I  P  Q  S  P  S  P  A
cctgatgacccagaggagggccggcagggtcaaactgagaaattccagtttgaactaact
 P  D  D  P  E  E  G  R  Q  G  Q  T  E  K  F  Q  F  E  L  T
ttagaggaagatggtgagtcagacacggaaaaggacagtggcagtcaagtggaagaagac
 L  E  E  D  G  E  S  D  T  E  K  D  S  G  S  Q  V  E  E  D
actagctgcagtgactccaagactctttgtactcaagactcagagtctactgaaattccc
 T  S  C  S  D  S  K  T  L  C  T  Q  D  S  E  S  T  E  I  P
cttgatgaacaggttgaagaggaggcagtaggggaagaagaggaaagccagcctgaagcc
 L  D  E  Q  V  E  E  E  A  V  G  E  E  E  E  S  Q  P  E  A
tgtgtcatagatgatcgttctcctgacacgtaacagtcgactagagcctgcagtctcgag
 C  V  I  D  D  R  S  P  D  T  -
gcatgcggtaccaagctt
PCR引物:
PDE4D  PDE4DFULL-S GACCAGGCATATGGCTCAGCAGACAAGCCC    1911
       PDE4DFULL-A AGTTTGTCGACTGTTACGTGTCAGGAGAAC    1912
实施例145:PDE4 IC50测定
[0631]用闪烁亲近测定法(Scintillation Proximity Assay,SPA)测定IC50。该测定的原理是基于PDE4底物cAMP与硅酸钇(Yittrium Silicate)SPA珠子微弱结合,而PDE4水解产物AMP与所述珠子强结合的事实。因此,可以测定[3H]cAMP样品的PDE4水解程度,原因是仅仅PDE4水解产生的[3H]AMP会结合到SPA珠子并产生闪烁信号。
用于IC50测定的PDE4酶:
[0632]PDE4B:人PDE4B的催化结构域,从S152到S528,带有N端His6标签和凝血酶切割位点,在大肠杆菌中表达并经金属离子亲和层析纯化。酶在-20℃保存在50%甘油中。参见实施例144。
[0633]PDE4D:人PDE4B的催化结构域,从S316到V692,带有N端His6标签和凝血酶切割位点,在大肠杆菌中表达并经金属离子亲和层析纯化。酶在-20℃保存在50%甘油中。参见实施例144。
[0634]PDE4B2:参见实施例144。
[0635]PDE4D5:参见实施例144。
IC50测定步骤
[0636]根据化合物的效价(compound potency),将测试化合物(化合物和结果参见表5)从4mM或40μM的起始浓度在DMSO中3倍连续稀释11次。将每一稀释物1μl转移到白色聚苯乙烯384孔测定平板中的双孔中(Corning#3710)。除了化合物稀释物,每一测定平板还含有对照孔,其具有1μl的DMSO(定义了0%酶抑制)或1μl的200μM罗氟司特(roflumilast)(定义了100%酶抑制)。应用Beckman FX自动仪器,将10μl的含2mCi/ml的[3H]cAMP(Amersham TRK559)的测定缓冲液(50mM Tris,pH 7.5;8.3mM MgCl;1.7mM EGTA;0.01%BSA)转移到每一测定孔中。随后,加入10μl的在测定缓冲液中的PDE4酶,以1000rpm振荡平板30秒钟,以启动cAMP水解反应。应用的酶浓度是:PDE4B,80ng/ml;PDE4D,4ng/ml;PDE4B2,2.5μl的50%甘油贮存液/ml;PDE4D5 0.083μl的50%甘油贮存液/ml。盖上测定平板并于30℃温育30分钟。自动加入10μl的在18mM ZnSO4中的5mg/ml SPA珠子(Amersham RPNQ0013),终止反应。用透明塑料膜覆盖测定平板,以1000RPM离心1分钟以沉淀SPA珠子,用Wallac TriLux闪烁计数器进行计数。应用来自MDL的Assay Explorer软件包,通过非线性回归曲线拟合,从测定的原始数据计算出IC50
实施例146:通过用LPS刺激全血培养物所产生的TNFα评价IC50测定
[0637]基于对从全血培养物释放TNFα的抑制作用,测定化合物,获得IC50数,其中应用下列测定方案(测试化合物和结果参见表5)。对PDE4B的抑制导致了用脂多糖(LPS)刺激的全血培养物释放TNFα的抑制。TNFα释放的测定被用来评价作为PDE4B抑制剂的化合物。
[0638]提供的化合物在DMSO中,为20mM,向稀释平板的一行中加入2μl/孔。向含有化合物的每孔中加入98μl的RPMI 1640培养基和2.5%热失活的FBS。制备含有2%DMSO的相同培养基,向稀释平板的每一空孔中加入60μl。对化合物进行1∶3的连续稀释(30μl至60μl培养基),每个化合物总共8个浓度。也制备带有50μM罗氟司特和吡拉米特(piclamilast)的孔作为100%抑制对照,将含2%DMSO的培养基作为0%抑制对照。向测定平板中转移每个样品的20μl等分试样,制作双份。
[0639]从Stanford Medical School Blood Center得到人棕黄层,用7个体积的RPMI1640培养基稀释,所述培养基带有1%青霉素/链霉素和2.5%热失活FBS。向测定平板的每孔中加入经稀释的血液的160μl等分试样,混合并于37℃、5%CO2中温育1小时。对已经在PBS中稀释为1mg/ml并且以20μl等分试样冷冻在-20℃的LPS(Sigma目录号L2637)解冻并稀释1000×至1μg/ml。温育1小时后,将其20μl等分试样加入每一样品(终浓度是100ng/ml LPS)。电制备了不加入LPS的背景样品。样品以900rpm在振荡器上混合1分钟,37℃、5%CO2中温育4小时。随后以900rpm放置在振荡器上1分钟,然后以100×g离心平板10分钟,减速设置为5。小心吸取顶部的75μl上清液进入新的平板,在-20℃冷冻。
[0640]向包被有特异于hTNF-α(Biosource kit)的单克隆抗体的平板的每孔中加入温育缓冲液的50μl等分试样(Biosource International Immunoassay Kit:人TNF-α目录号KHC3011)。解冻血液样品上清液,向温育缓冲液中加入50μl等分试样和50μl稀释缓冲液(Biosource kit),样品于室温下温育2小时。用300μl/孔洗涤缓冲液(Biosource kit)洗涤样品4次。加入生物素化的抗TNF-α(Biosource kit)的100μl等分试样,室温下温育样品1小时。用300μl/孔洗涤缓冲液洗涤样品4次。加入链霉抗生物素-HRP溶液(BioSource kit)的100μl等分试样,室温下温育样品30分钟。用300μl/孔洗涤缓冲液洗涤样品4次。加入显色原(Chromagen)(Biosource kit)的100μl等分试样,在暗处温育样品30分钟。向每一样品中加入终止液(2N H2SO4)的100μl等分试样,在WallacVictor上450nm处读取样品,0.1秒/孔。
实施例147:大鼠抑制研究
[0641]所有的研究都是用雄性大鼠CD(SD)IGS BR(Crl)(Charles River,France)进行的,对其按每组5个动物分组。化合物剂量在表5中指明。
[0642]在适应期末期,对未禁食大鼠称重,在尾部用永久性标记分别加以标记并经口(po)或腹膜内(ip)途径施用载剂(vehicle)、参照化合物或测试化合物,用量是10mL/kg体重。使动物以每组5只聚集在笼底用锯末覆盖的聚苯乙烯标记笼子中。载剂、参照化合物或测试化合物施用后2小时,大鼠接受0.1mg/kg LPS静脉内(iv)注射,体积是1mL/kg体重。LPS激发后2小时(或者如表3B和4B所示),在气体(异氟烷)麻醉下,通过球后穿刺将血液样品收集到未加抗凝剂的管中。使样品室温下凝结5至10分钟,随后放置在冰上,直至对其离心制备(6000×g,3分钟,4℃),保存在-20℃直到使用。根据制造商的步骤(Rat TNFα kit Quantikine M(RTA00,R&D System,France)),用ELISA技术测定血清样品中的TNFα水平,测定两次。数据报告为观察到的TNFα水平相对于对给予载剂的动物组观察到的TNFα水平降低的百分数。
实施例148:PDE4B的定点诱变
[0643]如Molecular Biology:Current Innovations and Future Trends.Eds.A.M.Griffinand H.G.Griffin.(1995)ISBN 1-898486-01-8,Horizon Scientific Press,PO Box 1,Wymondham,Norfolk,U.K.等中所述,按照下列步骤,可以对PDE4B进行诱变。
[0644]体外定点诱变是研究蛋白质结构-功能关联、基因表达和载体修饰的非常有价值的技术。几种方法已经在文献中出现,但是这些方法中的许多需要用单链DNA作为模板。从历史上看,其原因在于需要分离互补链以防止退火。通过应用变性步骤分离互补链并使得PCR引物有效聚合,PCR在定点诱变中的应用实现了链分离。因而,PCR定点方法使得位点特异性突变能够掺入到实质上任何双链质粒;排除了对M13型载体或单链拯救(single strand rescue)的需求。
[0645]在进行基于PCR的定点诱变时,通常期望减少PCR中的循环数,以便防止任何(不期望的)第二位点突变的克隆扩充。增加模板起始浓度,弥补了会导致产量降低的受限的循环数。应用选择(selection),以减少进入反应的亲代分子数目。另外,为了应用单一PCR引物组,需要优化长PCR方法。进一步地,由于一些热稳定聚合酶的延伸酶(extendase)活性,常常需要在PCR所生成的产物的端-端连接之前在程序中并入末端削齐(end-polishing)步骤,其中PCR所生成的产物含有在一个或两个PCR引物中掺入的突变。
[0646]通过并入如下步骤,下列方案提供了定点诱变的容易方法并且实现了上述期望的特性:(i)使模板浓度比传统的PCR条件增加约1000倍;(ii)使循环数从25-30降低到5-10;(iii)加入限制性内切核酸酶DpnI(识别目标序列:5-Gm6ATC-3,其中A残基被甲基化),以便针对亲代DNA进行选择(注意:分离自几乎所有大肠杆菌普通菌株的DNA的序列5-GATC-3被Dam-甲基化);(iv)在PCR混合物中应用Taq Extender,使PCR的可靠性增加至10kb;(v)应用Pfu DNA聚合酶使PCR产物的末端平齐,和(vi)在T4 DNA连接酶存在的情况下,实现有效的分子内连接。
[0647]将质粒模板DNA(大约0.5皮摩)加入PCR混合物中,所述混合物包含,在25μl的1×诱变缓冲液中:(20mM Tris HCl,pH 7.5;8mM MgCl2;40μg/ml BSA);每种引物12-20皮摩(其中的一种必须含有5’磷酸);每种dNTP 250μM,2.5U TaqDNA聚合酶,2.5U的Taq Extender(Stratagene)。
[0648]PCR循环参数是,94℃4分钟、50℃2分钟和72℃2分钟,1个循环;随后是94℃1分钟、54℃2分钟和72℃1分钟,5-10个循环(步骤1)。
[0649]用DpnI(10U)和Pfu DNA聚合酶(2.5U)处理亲代模板DNA和整入新合成DNA的线性诱变引物。这引起体内甲基化亲代模板和杂合DNA的DpnI消化,以及Pfu DNA聚合酶对线性PCR产物上的Taq DNA聚合酶延伸的碱基的去除。
[0650]反应物在37℃温育30分钟,随后转移到72℃温育另外30分钟(步骤2)。
[0651]将诱变缓冲液(1×,115μl,含有0.5mM ATP)加入经DpnI消化的Pfu DNA聚合酶削齐的PCR产物中。
[0652]混合溶液,将10μl转移到新的微量离心管中,加入T4 DNA连接酶(2-4U)。
[0653]37℃温育连接反应60分钟以上(步骤3)。
[0654]将处理过的溶液转化进感受态大肠杆菌中(步骤4)。
[0655]除了上述基于PCR的定点诱变,可以利用其它方法。例子包括Kunkel(1985)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.82:488-492;Eckstein et al.(1985)Nucl.Acids Res.13:8764-8785中描述的那些;以及应用来自Promega的GeneEditorTM Site-Directed MutageneisSystem。
[0656]本说明书中提及的所有专利和其它参考文献指出了本发明所属领域的技术人员的水平,并且以整体并入本文作为参考,包括所有的表和图,并入的程度如同每一参考文献单独地以整体并入本文作为参考。
[0657]本领域的技术人员应当很容易意识到本发明很适合于获得所提到的结果和优势,以及其中所固有的结果和优势。目前,此处所述的方法、变化和组合物代表了优选实施方案,是示范性的,不意图于成为对本发明范围的限制。本领域的技术人员将实施其中的变化和其它应用,这处于本发明的精神下,如权利要求书的范围所限定。
[0658]对于本领域的技术人员来说,应当很容易意识到在不背离本发明范围和精神的情况下,可对此处公开的本发明做出替代和修改。例如,可以改变PDE4B蛋白的结晶或共结晶条件和/或可以应用各种磷酸二酯酶结构域序列。因此,这样的额外实施方案也在本发明和权利要求书的范围之内。
[0659]本文中适当地例证性地描述的发明可以在缺少本文未具体公开的任一元素或许多元素、限定或许多限定的情况下被实施。因此,例如,在本文的各种情况下,词语“包括”、“基本上由…组成”和“由…组成”中的任何一个可以被替换成其他两个词语中的任何一个。已使用的术语和表述是作为描述性术语而不是限定性的,并且不意图于在使用这些术语和表述时排除显示和描述的特征或其部分的等同物,而是认识到在要求保护的发明范围内各种修改是可能的。因此,应该理解,尽管本发明通过优选的实施方案和可选的特征被具体地公开,但本领域技术人员可以对本文公开的概念进行修改和变化,而这些修改和变化被认为包含在本发明的范围之内,如所附权利要求所限定的。
[0660]此外,当本发明的特征或方面是用马库什组或其它选择组而描述时,本领域技术人员将会知道,本发明因而也针对该马库什组或其它组的单独成员或亚组成员而描述。
[0661]同时,如果没有相反的指明,在实施方案给出各个数值的情况下,通过采用两个不同值作为范围的端点,描述了其它实施方案。这样的范围也包含在所描述的发明的范围内。
[0662]因此,其它实施方案包含在本发明范围内和权利要求书的范围内。
                                                     表1
 注释  根据O version 8.0.11书写CRYST1    1.000    1.000    1.000  90.00  90.00  90.00ORIGX1      1.000000  0.000000  0.000000        0.00000ORIGX2      0.000000  1.000000  0.000000        0.00000ORIGX3      0.000000  0.000000  1.000000        0.00000SCALE1      1.000000 -0.000026 -0.000026        0.00000SCALE2      0.000000  1.000000 -0.000026        0.00000SCALE3      0.000000  0.000000  1.000000        0.00000
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原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409  CZOHCONCACBCONCACBCG2CG1CD1CONCACBCGCD1CD2CE1CE2CZCONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGCDNECZNH1NH2CONCACB TYRTYRTYRTYRALAALAALAALAALAILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGASPASPASP AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 197197197197198198198198198199199199199199199199199200200200200200200200200200200200201201201201201201201201201202202202202202202202202202203203203203203203203203203203203204204204     73.18173.83268.85268.58168.19467.08666.57765.94765.38465.60464.53664.27463.41363.59563.50964.88664.07766.10066.51867.86567.73767.06668.25966.91668.11267.43966.56566.27466.92766.95567.71169.22369.92571.13969.16265.52165.19364.67063.26362.57261.05860.62061.38259.50262.53161.69962.85062.21561.96160.87560.68359.52458.25957.97457.27563.01962.61564.15565.01164.275   63.44963.58962.78562.34363.80164.46665.63863.48463.45462.68461.69960.98059.74161.93961.40660.66060.35160.12759.12158.52357.33257.44156.09856.34354.99855.12059.65458.91860.92361.51262.84562.70163.94563.94665.01461.73361.46062.21162.47363.03163.18564.23865.20364.10761.21961.28560.08058.81057.99058.56857.74158.20057.93557.20158.41757.97156.86158.49957.79257.597   70.39171.59767.38968.50466.83567.52666.68767.80268.90566.79866.93165.58565.80864.60663.19067.98568.85667.91468.87868.47567.56666.35867.92965.53167.10565.90370.30571.24970.46971.80571.81071.78872.29972.51272.50172.28273.43371.37871.68070.43270.51771.51471.73572.06372.15573.06171.54671.88870.61969.71868.45667.69168.00969.07867.26272.87573.21873.31974.27075.599   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 23.9426.7113.7216.1414.5915.0914.6315.0216.6314.1714.1015.4115.8314.5516.0414.5514.7815.5316.2816.2815.6916.2417.0717.3716.6817.1417.3819.0117.6718.6919.3622.4327.2430.4028.6818.5219.2918.3018.5219.8422.0025.7727.9327.9818.7920.5717.7617.8417.2416.5616.7915.2317.6516.9616.0017.9618.8018.4018.8321.85     AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469  CGOD1OD2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCDCENZCONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CE1CE2CZCZONCACBCGCDNECZNH1NH2CON ASPASPASPASPASPLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGILE AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 204204204204204205205205205205205205205206206206206206206206206207207207207207207207207207208208208208208208208209209209209209209209209209209209210210210210210210210210210210210211     64.02865.01562.85165.47465.70065.62866.06065.87464.42164.34663.87767.50667.86368.33869.73970.52570.59971.43571.20769.82570.64668.96668.95368.13868.71667.78867.51668.77368.36068.91067.23466.54265.28164.39464.57567.39867.30768.23669.07468.79967.40067.01666.45665.71565.15064.77970.56371.40770.87372.25572.81672.24072.81372.31572.73873.67672.22273.17174.24072.751  58.90359.61459.21856.43755.50756.32355.06455.10355.00655.29853.61754.72353.54855.74555.51056.82657.60358.85656.72654.86553.98055.30654.75755.65357.04057.90957.28157.07753.35552.44453.19051.91152.01852.99350.67750.77049.63551.06950.04450.00149.56848.24650.48847.84550.09548.77350.22749.65351.01851.27950.08549.91350.92650.70951.37352.30651.10551.59250.99552.533  76.32576.61576.61073.74874.52172.43371.84370.32469.84368.34670.14172.18872.28772.37372.71772.71171.39471.59170.30874.09874.33175.01276.36477.29677.48378.31379.67180.44476.38276.99975.69775.64174.76775.32974.68875.11175.58874.12773.52772.02071.68671.85171.25371.59270.99171.16173.81173.12374.83675.23476.01577.42278.40579.76380.83580.72082.02874.05773.90473.223   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  26.0628.6529.1317.5718.9516.0116.6117.3319.0917.1918.4916.2217.4217.0817.8118.7919.1420.0520.4218.2218.9418.4518.7119.5022.3225.0725.3528.8018.5020.5617.4417.3018.2221.2119.3217.2818.9916.8917.3415.7415.7316.2614.4516.6915.0816.2717.3618.3317.4417.7819.7721.3821.0622.0421.0920.8323.0017.1717.9516.87     AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529  CACBCG2CG1CD1CONCACBOGCONCACBOGCONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CE1CE2CZCONCACBCG2CG1CD1CONCACBOG1CG2CO  ILEILEILEILEILEILEILESERSERSERSERSERSERSERSERSERSERSERSERASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILETHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHR  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 211211211211211211211212212212212212212213213213213213213214214214214214214214214215215215215215215215216216216216216216216216216216216217217217217217217217217218218218218218218218     73.55872.68373.57071.68570.65174.35073.76975.67376.49677.96378.14776.31576.18976.28776.10576.04774.86777.19176.90178.43879.50080.89781.01380.16781.99079.32079.52778.92378.69478.26779.25278.12977.57577.69276.48575.33474.22972.95372.12772.59670.95871.43070.61375.70275.37576.38876.76977.38077.90776.31276.81077.73577.61578.68579.62780.71181.39381.72578.87579.144  52.92453.31353.58852.20152.58454.14855.15754.06355.20554.79053.92956.28755.99257.53958.65259.97160.04158.72959.04458.45358.52058.42457.33056.41357.39057.45557.72556.25355.16553.88253.55152.72955.56655.43056.06856.47457.02657.33556.31458.64056.59058.92457.89657.52957.39858.57759.64560.83761.87761.46462.59559.15359.52958.30257.79156.90957.66656.45656.98657.129  72.07870.86769.66370.56069.50172.48872.88572.41372.76972.86673.97671.71070.52072.14571.22671.99772.77870.16169.00270.53469.54470.19071.23971.28072.02268.47067.28868.87667.93168.66269.65067.67666.97865.75367.54866.75067.65766.92866.50066.65465.80365.95965.53565.71764.53666.15965.25166.01765.03666.91767.78064.17963.01464.55663.56964.22165.23263.18462.50361.315  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  15.0916.2716.3515.7713.4116.3517.2215.5015.4417.5317.9916.6515.7317.0218.6220.2926.4117.7818.4817.3916.6317.6218.2520.2521.5115.6216.4814.1414.0816.2717.5616.7812.7113.3612.5411.9311.5013.9415.7314.8019.1417.3815.3711.9912.7613.7314.4516.0117.6417.4220.0012.5914.2712.0611.9812.7715.6511.7211.2212.99     AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589  NCACBCGCD1CE1CD2CE2CZOHCONCACBCGSDCECONCACBCGSDCECONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGOD1OD2CO  TYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASP AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 219219219219219219219219219219219219220220220220220220220220221221221221221221221221222222222222222222222223223223223223223223223224224224224224224224224224225225225225225225225225     77.92577.16876.20575.30375.75174.97974.04073.26073.73872.98176.35076.39575.60874.76673.92272.81871.71671.34075.55075.11676.70477.53878.71778.32777.82577.86778.05878.19578.34578.84579.35380.46079.79477.72177.92476.52975.36174.15972.84272.96271.70675.02874.78975.01674.69274.65474.24373.41073.66272.50875.67775.28976.94177.96779.36380.04179.74680.88677.77978.395  56.15455.37954.38253.71352.63852.08054.21653.67052.60252.05456.29456.16757.21858.11859.00458.25057.34558.62658.97859.17759.48560.30760.89162.00763.49964.73459.46359.95058.19657.28055.98456.30154.97956.97656.99256.73056.43856.11155.82554.52555.72557.64757.51458.83160.04661.25362.56163.45863.48664.15360.28160.75559.93160.09059.86861.15962.19861.13559.13759.310  62.91861.93662.59361.56860.81959.82061.29160.28759.55758.54861.03859.81761.64360.85961.77862.51361.39660.16759.88258.74660.31259.44160.22961.17760.29561.64058.28557.16158.56757.54258.19559.05057.14256.55355.33857.08356.25557.14756.41755.64357.42955.38554.18355.99355.25256.19755.52756.43157.65455.91554.10853.03554.32753.30253.88454.27353.64355.19252.13351.081  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 11.4910.2911.0412.1112.7010.6112.4813.0110.7513.2410.6411.7510.5111.0112.9014.3714.8516.8911.4712.1212.7112.3111.5914.5118.6319.5512.1813.9811.3911.4611.0912.5613.1911.4112.3312.0411.5111.2414.0013.1514.6911.2811.7612.3913.0216.6019.2019.1419.0217.1812.1912.4211.0414.9519.8125.1628.8125.7313.0316.08     AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  590591592593594595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649  NCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCACBCGCD1CE1CD2CE2CZOHCONCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCACBOGCONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCG1CG2CONCACBCONCA HISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISSERSERSERSERSERSERASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPVALVALVALVALVALVALVALALAALAALAALAALATYRTYR AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 226226226226226226226226226226227227227227227227227227227227227227228228228228228228228228228228229229229229229229230230230230230230230230231231231231231231231232232232232232233233     76.94776.71076.58277.90278.60378.68679.81579.79075.52175.17574.88573.81272.77771.66471.80370.80270.48269.47769.64168.64374.59475.58174.17474.85374.69675.41774.96276.78877.14676.05674.28873.12975.11174.64075.64676.88974.36173.63874.91874.72175.91876.15476.45476.03973.43873.09072.74271.47471.15969.74572.15870.45370.44269.60168.64367.90167.63767.40767.02466.010   58.11857.16555.74855.11054.15555.49654.80853.98857.53656.81158.66059.17259.98059.14658.54057.74858.93058.13357.54356.74660.10460.70760.20561.06160.47359.17857.90459.10257.83757.09062.47662.70063.44164.81865.67765.72665.44866.44064.86965.39265.04463.55262.93462.99864.88865.31463.97063.47162.05961.64661.06264.49564.84564.97866.02066.47665.73766.58464.56564.254   52.31651.25051.80752.11151.45553.17753.16352.12850.38049.45350.70149.86150.65651.25152.49453.01650.54951.06052.29752.80548.93949.35847.68546.72145.32145.13245.07245.00244.86944.90846.75346.41047.14147.21747.98447.31145.85545.77244.79343.44342.55542.46243.50641.34842.78741.68343.45142.92243.46743.09442.89043.41344.58642.51742.87141.61943.97444.83943.94744.946   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  12.6512.2614.1416.5516.5917.2918.9717.9912.1712.0311.3911.2612.869.9110.758.7610.929.517.549.9412.0315.3613.8015.4116.3620.9122.5924.7124.6624.9816.7318.5218.3819.2521.6424.8918.2220.3917.4918.8222.6124.8528.0730.2318.0219.1316.4415.5816.6318.4317.5514.0815.2113.5112.8114.6911.7814.8310.728.52     AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673674675676677678679680681682683684685686687688689690691692693694695696697698699700701702703704705706707708709  CBCGCD1CE1CD2CE2CZOHCONCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBOGCONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCACBCONCACB TYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNSERSERSERSERSERSERLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISALAALAALAALAALAALAALAALA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 233233233233233233233233233233234234234234234234234234234234235235235235235235235235236236236236236236237237237237237237237237238238238238238238238238238238239239239239239240240240     64.72063.57862.72061.64663.33662.27261.42560.33366.41766.29566.90067.28167.20965.81164.79365.31764.05663.71368.61969.51368.73569.93670.49669.43768.77269.26869.53768.39270.46270.16571.43371.79069.03168.47268.67967.58067.50166.57667.09166.51366.26465.40466.10364.89864.87963.86464.01862.50461.86762.76264.83763.78265.97066.00867.39665.64464.90666.17265.87366.664   63.83263.47564.45264.11962.15661.81262.79662.43863.18663.38462.05860.96259.63959.24558.77359.34858.95358.60061.11660.28162.19762.47363.85564.92865.13365.61762.38662.05362.69462.56862.78564.14763.44063.15064.49565.35666.61567.70568.19168.85964.57864.68663.79962.99762.34261.25059.92261.47260.32659.37161.94161.71261.30860.29759.66660.91660.31762.10562.78764.093   44.24145.16545.65646.46745.51746.32446.79447.55545.94247.14745.43746.31245.54745.17645.93443.89343.87745.10247.01546.88347.77648.55248.20948.22849.23947.10350.02550.33550.93052.35753.20253.30352.87853.93052.15152.58951.71952.26153.60951.27252.50753.38251.44351.30249.91749.77449.56949.84549.68949.52052.41253.00552.70753.75953.83555.11155.89255.38456.64456.738  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 10.5911.4813.7811.8610.7511.059.9810.8510.0111.4410.2210.3311.419.6710.8912.9811.9212.5211.2413.2211.3910.2711.4112.8414.7812.8310.0610.9910.369.209.8613.0010.0410.7110.8411.2713.4318.4318.8019.2210.3211.999.709.529.4310.2510.249.339.8810.049.299.649.539.6110.488.4310.3810.619.3311.23     AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
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  原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   107010711072107310741075107610771078107910801081108210831084108510861087108810891090109110921093109410951096109710981099110011011102110311041105110611071108110911101111111211131114111511161117111811191120112111221123112411251126112711281129  NCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBOGCONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGSDCECON THRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNSERSERSERSERSERSERGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUALAALAALAALAALALEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETTYR AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 289289289289289289289290290290290290290290290291291291291291291292292292292292292292292292293293293293293293293293294294294294294295295295295295295295295296296296296296296296296297     70.18071.61472.18071.85271.60872.41873.64671.72172.37473.13772.22571.15872.64173.33674.43672.90973.70772.97173.58373.99773.17575.17275.57076.91577.35878.73778.95279.60674.51674.25073.91772.89172.47573.42474.77972.81771.65971.09571.24070.06769.68370.33469.46271.54671.88973.25173.25774.63872.22171.89571.37672.46272.53073.25774.70575.29274.62771.15670.93170.243  48.90349.05250.28450.20151.56847.81647.80046.77345.54144.88144.43343.86744.66845.81045.25846.66447.00648.03848.16645.77544.86545.75844.64544.95143.92144.21745.34743.32044.38943.23945.46545.34946.73447.46447.65048.80544.60843.76844.91644.26444.91542.77541.93742.44141.04540.94141.52041.37640.80140.29439.18540.91240.29641.22041.49542.79842.25139.99738.93240.950  31.22930.99131.73233.12431.15131.39831.28831.83732.27231.12130.01030.25928.77133.41533.45934.33835.50636.36137.63636.35336.44736.97437.83038.49339.52140.08740.57540.04638.90539.26339.41140.44640.94741.89941.25742.26939.94040.63938.72038.16136.83237.97038.20737.54437.33736.64435.22534.61834.37238.66838.76539.69741.02041.99641.69142.78844.33741.61642.20341.473   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 14.2113.5714.6416.0014.0113.3114.5513.8715.1217.9123.5127.2326.4515.0716.5615.0714.9217.7625.0513.8513.5115.6716.7819.6524.8827.1329.2930.3115.6315.2315.2714.5916.5219.4924.1020.6613.5114.2913.4914.1015.4614.3115.9614.8715.3916.4120.9421.5722.8616.3918.2916.3317.9824.2929.4131.4829.5315.9616.2314.24     AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  113011311132113311341135113611371138113911401141114211431144114511461147114811491150115111521153115411551156115711581159116011611162116311641165116611671168116911701171117211731174117511761177117811791180118111821183118411851186118711881189  CACBCGCD1CE1CD2CE2CZOHCONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBOGCONCACBCG1CG2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACB TYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUSERSERSERSERSERSERVALVALVALVALVALVALVALLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUGLUGLUGLU AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 297297297297297297297297297297297298298298298298298298298299299299299299299299299300300300300300300300300300301301301301301301302302302302302302302303303303303303303303303304304304     68.91868.52569.41169.46070.31570.24071.10171.13171.98567.82966.64268.24467.30566.74867.84568.66267.87466.18665.01666.57965.67665.12266.21867.34965.93664.51263.59364.55563.46663.02762.00860.61460.48359.64163.83164.78563.05463.30162.75961.35164.80465.39465.41866.86167.31968.83766.86967.45268.33366.98067.52367.01667.77467.14969.23567.20968.06565.98665.57664.098   40.80942.13142.45341.60741.85543.56743.82442.96243.20940.34040.44639.80339.28937.94536.90636.72136.23540.25739.88541.51242.58542.30742.16542.64841.58242.87543.60942.32842.54341.20341.33741.69242.59841.06943.49843.24744.57445.57845.09344.93345.81045.80746.04546.21146.53646.69745.42247.23646.90948.47349.51050.89051.47152.77951.67349.28649.49548.85648.62048.222  42.05142.72543.90345.00246.05743.89244.94746.02347.07541.09541.39239.95438.97039.45239.61938.72340.76738.60938.50738.41438.01336.60635.55135.76834.48038.96038.59840.17041.13141.72242.84542.34941.49642.82542.26843.00642.41943.46544.81644.77443.55844.63742.40742.35440.92640.89139.98543.30844.10843.23444.09843.66442.46742.02442.86145.56546.41845.85447.23247.275  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  12.8613.6113.9013.9515.3014.9818.0716.4520.5011.9312.7911.8911.4512.9114.0115.2014.1910.2512.3912.6812.1413.2516.7916.7017.8112.7515.4313.1414.5016.1721.3427.0929.8730.8013.5515.4212.9211.8013.5714.6310.7812.2211.0210.1211.3411.7113.029.2812.1511.2110.8514.8918.2421.9117.2610.3711.0210.1510.9913.64     AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   119011911192119311941195119611971198119912001201120212031204120512061207120812091210121112121213121412151216121712181219122012211222122312241225122612271228122912301231123212331234123512361237123812391240124112421243124412451246124712481249  CGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCONCACBCG1CG2CONCACONCA GLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUALAALAALAALAALAVALVALVALVALVALVALVALGLYGLYGLYGLYPHEPHE AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 304304304304304304305305305305305305305305306306306306306306306306306306307307307307307307307307307307308308308308308308308308309309309309309310310310310310310310311311311311312312     63.11763.17263.51062.84766.45166.80966.80167.66667.75366.63866.59165.72969.05469.71169.50970.81271.18972.53572.90873.69174.71874.27170.81671.77269.74569.67668.35068.07466.93769.03268.49867.22969.80670.48669.13869.20568.24966.77165.91666.52170.62271.15271.24072.59573.06273.57174.35773.51874.41374.29575.12774.75974.13875.05272.87272.50272.99973.50472.86073.317  49.32949.65248.76050.80247.54647.66246.50445.46344.27343.27642.61343.17346.03845.70546.90447.52548.33148.97550.27648.24949.07650.31248.43848.43549.21150.11250.89451.67351.81652.43253.00652.64849.30949.72048.16347.29446.11246.42745.31446.59646.77446.82846.28745.75045.27446.78246.48247.99649.06550.29751.44049.93349.49249.57249.76750.17349.22449.66547.92146.949  46.82845.33444.52644.96047.89149.06647.14447.69746.73646.95947.99246.00147.95048.93847.05447.23045.98646.07946.03846.27046.34546.20848.45949.22948.65149.80749.83048.57847.85547.94146.87546.80151.10152.04051.14952.31852.14452.38651.81453.88352.53153.64251.45851.54350.16552.09152.99151.55251.98751.06251.61249.65953.42354.24653.72055.06656.14557.18655.91656.905  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 14.7115.6413.1615.6310.9812.3710.9410.2411.4713.7216.4615.409.9612.2812.0911.2713.4413.8715.7615.8217.1715.5910.6310.6410.2110.3610.668.939.5410.9710.1610.259.6310.409.6310.4611.2611.8414.1314.7910.2912.5110.4811.7511.2310.5113.6910.8411.1111.7010.2011.5511.2112.9110.6211.5612.6214.8812.7013.65     AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  125012511252125312541255125612571258125912601261126212631264126512661267126812691270127112721273127412751276127712781279128012811282128312841285128612871288128912901291129212931294129512961297129812991300130113021303130413051306130713081309  CBCGCD1CD2CE1CE2CZCONCACBCGCDCENZCONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2C PHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHELYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLU AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 312312312312312312312312312313313313313313313313313313314314314314314314314314315315315315315315315315316316316316316316316316316317317317317317317317317317318318318318318318318318     72.57071.20871.08170.06269.83668.81268.70074.82675.44175.42376.86877.25078.73078.95978.29478.38977.64278.68377.13177.80577.14477.32476.59778.80777.88178.68877.05577.08075.93474.51873.50974.33278.40678.81679.07980.35880.48079.47979.54180.62378.38181.59482.71181.42182.57782.25081.94482.40582.75082.41283.02082.27084.24284.78386.20887.07787.42986.51388.63083.937   45.62445.61945.58145.68845.61345.72145.68446.72946.51746.78946.61346.68946.72446.88948.16048.30247.67247.38148.90049.98951.32551.74153.05251.87849.81750.47948.93248.67647.74548.31947.19449.36348.02248.02547.47446.79645.62944.51643.43843.07342.91347.68047.21348.94649.82651.12150.87451.99953.09451.78450.10349.86150.59050.83051.37451.10449.63348.81349.29551.758   56.72857.36558.74456.59259.34457.18658.56356.88457.92955.70055.56654.08353.78552.28251.75850.27456.36156.96556.37457.07056.72455.25955.00354.94458.58059.23159.13260.56960.96860.89261.03161.98160.92962.09359.92060.11959.13959.39158.33157.87057.94460.01460.25959.64659.57558.82057.33656.41156.89955.18061.01161.96161.17062.50262.38763.61163.77564.00463.67163.367   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  15.1618.0319.8420.3222.3820.0320.4713.3514.7412.7113.3815.9922.9325.2925.2729.0512.4612.8412.4213.4813.8714.3316.0113.7212.6513.9714.3114.8515.8415.6617.2715.7615.9517.5415.5116.6217.8221.8023.4427.6526.5516.2917.6015.9915.2116.4219.7021.2021.5522.1415.0515.0216.7017.8421.3424.4026.6130.1430.4317.27     AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  131013111312131313141315131613171318131913201321132213231324132513261327132813291330133113321333133413351336133713381339134013411342134313441345134613471348134913501351135213531354135513561357135813591360136113621363136413651366136713681369  ONCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCACBSGCONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCG2CG1CD1CONCACBCGCD1CD2CE1CE2CZCONCACBCGSDCECONCACBCGOD1ND2CO GLUHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISCYSCYSCYSCYSCYSCYSASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASN AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 318319319319319319319319319319319320320320320320320321321321321321321321321322322322322322322322322323323323323323323323323323323323324324324324324324324324325325325325325325325325     83.55683.65182.87583.65185.08285.64086.13187.27387.00381.50380.95880.92479.64179.83978.58778.48177.36678.71077.62278.17577.08775.95077.36576.64476.80875.60574.60673.72274.56973.02372.01573.70372.93173.79772.96272.28171.38870.56771.34769.72070.50169.68873.74873.27374.94775.81677.04277.95779.34578.53475.14375.38474.29873.66273.61675.00175.76675.33372.30171.643  52.84351.30152.04853.29853.02552.12953.69153.21552.26652.44353.47951.58651.88551.85552.65750.96551.15049.98949.07347.71146.65446.92445.55349.57249.32250.26350.79051.85553.05351.26552.20949.70849.97248.49047.40646.65947.52648.47647.36549.25048.13749.07846.42345.33146.83146.00046.80346.04747.04448.14945.41044.25646.18845.67846.77447.11346.22048.39645.01744.676  62.93564.58865.58065.99066.33267.18165.73566.19967.07665.06565.44264.23663.62562.10761.13164.01563.53564.89065.22865.65065.75065.30066.26566.28167.47965.82766.74466.06865.69164.84664.21767.32368.24566.79767.31266.16465.31765.89863.94065.12463.16063.75168.17368.48368.57069.38869.82770.77471.32872.48070.62470.97071.29272.49573.55874.08174.45174.11072.32773.311  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  17.3417.5017.2518.0220.0720.8422.4222.4721.9416.2618.8417.2920.4626.0539.7516.8717.2016.4316.3218.6621.0620.7223.5315.8417.0115.8315.8015.3913.9815.3516.0815.5717.5616.0215.9816.5816.4016.2916.5118.2717.8216.2917.1917.7218.0319.9421.3624.5026.1827.8119.2121.9919.8119.3520.1721.1323.5424.3319.9121.09     AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   137013711372137313741375137613771378137913801381138213831384138513861387138813891390139113921393139413951396139713981399140014011402140314041405140614071408140914101411141214131414141514161417141814191420142114221423142414251426142714281429  NCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCGCDCENZCONCACBCGCDCENZCONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACBCGCDNECZNH1NH2CONCACBCGCDOE1NE2 LEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLN AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 326326326326326326326326327327327327327327327328328328328328328328328328329329329329329329329329329330330330330330330330330330331331331331331331331331331331331332332332332332332332     71.87070.61470.07569.23567.94370.01770.98472.11070.06070.33469.24467.97569.15770.33069.81370.91270.93371.57673.08773.70975.22875.87969.50669.23968.59467.18666.41164.90864.48462.97462.32066.59265.92066.82866.30966.64865.90966.33867.52565.37466.89766.20168.18268.84470.32171.21872.34573.58374.65774.63775.75368.18067.97267.86267.22067.10068.41868.22269.18666.963  44.83744.14444.45545.72445.60646.94742.66642.29041.83340.40539.65139.81840.17939.89340.56638.71938.15236.76236.77637.38237.38637.92538.05238.33037.65837.52336.99036.96235.93035.89835.63438.85838.93139.91141.23042.26242.08243.10843.26043.82041.68542.27741.41441.79641.39642.25842.80842.99143.60044.08843.70641.12141.74539.83839.07937.60536.86635.37834.62034.951  71.08470.84169.44269.23970.01569.68170.92670.59471.39071.46872.26171.61673.68370.03769.14469.80868.46268.46568.55167.30167.39366.16467.94166.77568.82468.47969.68369.50768.48568.35869.67468.03066.99968.80768.45069.52670.84171.86772.13672.44567.11666.29966.90765.66565.68866.54065.68366.42765.93564.69966.66964.47263.43064.62563.55963.94764.02764.23964.34164.300  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  18.0517.4219.2721.0524.3721.5616.6517.3716.2917.2117.2819.0218.4017.9316.9219.4220.0221.6223.6526.2026.9528.1219.5819.4019.5919.0519.2820.8222.2823.9627.5918.1519.4216.5916.8816.0816.7114.2715.4917.1515.8816.9216.8517.3917.3720.7223.4927.9723.5728.1827.7017.4217.9117.7919.8120.3524.7026.3929.2328.58     AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
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原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  203020312032203320342035203620372038203920402041204220432044204520462047204820492050205120522053205420552056205720582059206020612062206320642065206620672068206920702071207220732074207520762077207820792080208120822083208420852086208720882089  NECZNH1NH2CONCACBCG2CG1CD1CONCACBCGSDCECONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CE1CE2CZCONCACBCGCD1CD2CE1CE2CZ ARGARGARGARGARGARGILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILEMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHE AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 409409409409409409410410410410410410410410411411411411411411411411412412412412412412412412412413413413413413413413413413414414414414414414414414414414414415415415415415415415415415     65.86866.93567.37367.57463.54464.43562.33062.04760.69259.54260.61961.79362.05862.53861.56061.54360.85359.34258.60358.94662.97663.28063.86265.26166.05867.52867.72367.91167.68065.89266.65965.56766.13365.84866.71366.64766.89666.36565.57666.29464.30463.68162.24561.18060.80260.51259.77259.48259.11064.47664.81864.74765.49665.53664.18963.13763.97961.89762.74361.699   69.94969.78668.56370.84366.98466.45666.45565.20964.60965.38763.14562.31365.45764.62766.61766.95168.29968.23866.79767.14867.01766.51767.62667.73268.56768.74669.27168.45170.51066.35166.10765.44164.10363.30362.05061.38562.07560.17063.38362.63263.62363.01763.52062.56762.51461.76561.68260.92960.88963.43862.61664.73765.28466.81567.46266.79768.74967.40069.35868.681  47.13447.90448.17448.39242.19141.53042.29441.60742.05241.44941.62642.11240.09839.33139.68138.26138.03038.16437.35735.63237.75136.66938.53838.13439.13738.76537.35036.41837.16737.99937.06938.91338.82940.10540.20841.56542.57441.61637.59836.94037.28336.10235.91336.37737.70935.46538.12235.87137.20034.86834.01634.77633.64933.71133.58932.98334.06732.85433.94033.332  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 18.1518.9719.3021.4612.5113.3412.1814.6417.5820.8919.9122.0313.5513.6213.6215.5920.4329.9933.2234.6614.1514.8813.9615.0517.3722.7528.0829.9731.5714.3415.0514.8115.3616.7317.9317.7415.9218.4214.6615.2114.5415.6016.8122.2223.3322.6523.9324.2423.7615.9416.8015.8318.6419.6022.1222.2824.0623.9021.9123.33     AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   209020912092209320942095209620972098209921002101210221032104210521062107210821092110211121122113211421152116211721182119212021212122212321242125212621272128212921302131213221332134213521362137213821392140214121422143214421452146214721482149  CONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCGCDCENZCONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGCDNECZNH1NH2C  PHEPHEGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLYGLYGLYGLYASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARG  AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 415415416416416416416416416416416417417417417417417417417417418418418418419419419419419419419419420420420420420420420420420421421421421421421421421421422422422422422422422422422422     66.91667.48667.49168.84669.30469.38170.27771.45569.72968.86669.76767.87667.81866.68566.63965.63565.52764.90367.60968.18266.78166.53667.83868.06168.70369.98770.72770.03969.59469.95470.84771.48970.85071.64771.63172.20472.17472.35673.62871.14271.93769.82569.26267.73467.25465.74465.06865.23469.71270.04469.74470.18769.89170.51471.68571.24272.05273.36871.54171.683  64.74764.57064.50263.96563.81065.09864.96365.32864.41962.59462.28361.76560.43459.60358.18257.29357.31356.49560.55759.79961.51561.71562.02561.56662.79863.14164.17865.53565.97766.16761.88961.69861.03359.80959.08459.88259.05759.92860.69058.86258.22658.76757.87957.85557.46257.42058.27256.54258.32857.49959.63960.16961.66662.33963.20764.30665.08764.90166.05359.928  33.61632.53734.79234.87636.33337.14738.37438.33539.46234.21133.43534.52533.93534.54633.99534.70035.92533.93132.43231.65132.03030.61429.89828.77630.54529.94730.79530.79229.71331.86529.79928.77030.81830.76332.11633.28334.56935.80735.77729.68028.98229.53028.52228.63030.02330.15029.53130.88327.13326.28426.91225.62525.53124.31624.73125.58426.29126.25627.03925.440 1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  19.1320.5418.1618.8919.8424.8925.7030.8821.0917.5617.8615.7514.6013.9714.6413.5816.5116.8515.3717.1415.7616.9016.8819.3017.2218.1022.2326.6829.2729.9717.3817.5416.1915.0514.5717.1918.2422.2424.8813.7215.9813.8215.8216.6618.5422.5025.2223.6616.5918.6018.0619.5221.0624.6624.9725.8224.0522.0326.8218.68     AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
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原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   281028112812281328142815281628172818281928202821282228232824282528262827282828292830283128322833283428352836283728382839284028412842284328442845284628472848284928502851285228532854285528562857285828592860286128622863286428652866286728682869  CDCENZCONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBCGCD  LYSLYSLYSLYSLYSGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNLYSLYSLYSLYSLYS  BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 168168168168168169169169169169169169169169170170170170170170170170171171171171171171171171171172172172172172172172172173173173173173173173173174174174174174174174174175175175175175     71.83272.37373.15170.68169.47171.22370.40871.27571.12969.67868.85969.35669.69368.51170.41469.84070.92971.92472.89471.16868.70568.01168.51067.42267.39868.43168.25867.14069.23866.10965.12066.11464.92464.80964.72363.86265.51464.90164.19565.66465.73366.58166.72567.48067.45364.36464.12963.46162.14061.65062.67863.33462.81361.09959.90161.55760.64660.83160.70660.873   1.8392.7091.9605.5755.6305.9496.4636.7415.7305.4366.3814.2527.7487.9298.6429.91110.82211.31312.28911.9789.76110.7318.5518.3236.8666.5275.1184.7904.3418.6438.9968.5238.7877.7566.3336.0625.48410.19210.44311.10312.48113.32214.79314.88415.55413.14313.88712.87413.49113.78314.53515.45714.14812.65712.92811.66110.7919.3419.1327.669  21.26922.40423.42320.32120.09821.47622.57123.80024.92825.27625.32525.50922.17022.46121.50221.08120.51421.56720.93322.71220.07819.76719.56618.62518.15717.10416.56416.11216.59019.32618.68620.65021.45022.57522.05721.19322.52122.04923.02521.45321.92720.97421.36322.67620.26722.07623.02421.14021.18519.76018.92819.41117.66521.92221.83022.67323.40422.96021.46621.121  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  27.5625.9129.5323.7325.7123.3822.1722.6326.7026.5630.3729.6520.8021.0021.1121.1120.3620.0319.8420.2121.8022.9822.0722.5423.5825.2628.3030.6031.6321.5822.0621.6020.5523.3627.5830.9430.5619.2120.0018.9717.6718.9419.4820.0121.3717.3517.5617.5218.7618.5519.9221.8824.4718.5019.2119.0319.3921.1022.9824.14     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   287028712872287328742875287628772878287928802881288228832884288528862887288828892890289128922893289428952896289728982899290029012902290329042905290629072908290929102911291229132914291529162917291829192920292129222923292429252926292729282929  CENZCONCACBCGCD2CE2CE3CD1NE1CZ2CZ3CH2CONCACONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBCG2CG1CD1CONCACBCGCD1CD2CE1CE2CZCONCACB  LYSLYSLYSLYSTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPGLYGLYGLYGLYLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEASNASNASN  BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 175175175175176176176176176176176176176176176176176176177177177177178178178178178178178178179179179179179179179179180180180180180180180180181181181181181181181181181181181182182182     60.80760.97760.82461.91359.73559.71558.26757.98358.03357.61058.39257.55357.32457.53558.31757.89160.56761.04260.77861.54963.05963.73563.60365.05165.44566.95067.22467.46565.69565.15566.83967.55468.03968.55869.37968.07968.74969.78268.61069.67869.15468.98270.11970.19970.88872.00770.66871.76071.21970.37470.95968.99570.18368.21268.80972.76373.97072.26073.14172.349     7.4395.99410.87211.14710.61310.63910.49611.02112.39012.42713.58810.30511.14113.61314.76614.7709.4969.5508.4747.3237.3866.3928.5308.64310.05910.31811.13411.0328.3118.6477.6337.2685.8185.3125.9604.1478.2007.9949.21910.19311.45311.15612.62313.1049.60310.0958.5447.9016.7877.2867.7967.2878.3017.7908.2997.3267.3746.7846.2195.398  19.62319.30824.91025.41325.62227.07727.55328.92929.35130.69628.72130.00731.07231.42229.44330.78027.62528.75726.80127.23327.10927.36226.71026.59126.16126.02724.78527.26627.93228.98627.89229.11229.04230.37831.02230.79929.24328.60530.08230.26031.00832.48330.80129.35030.98930.84531.76232.48833.38334.51335.66034.41136.68235.43036.56731.49831.72930.39029.37628.358  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  25.7428.3817.9519.3418.2517.7916.9616.6416.6616.9917.5417.0917.2515.3917.1614.8418.3420.2620.2120.1920.0622.6319.9218.6118.6920.5921.1018.7118.9920.2219.5919.0019.9120.8120.8522.8118.9219.1018.1216.9917.9917.5717.9920.6015.9117.3717.2917.5917.2018.1919.6420.4320.6820.4819.2418.2420.4619.2419.3719.84     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   293029312932293329342935293629372938293929402941294229432944294529462947294829492950295129522953295429552956295729582959296029612962296329642965296629672968296929702971297229732974297529762977297829792980298129822983298429852986298729882989  CGOD1ND2CONCACBCG1CG2CONCACBCONCACONCACBCGCD1CE1CD2CE2CZOHCONCACBOGCONCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACB ASNASNASNASNASNVALVALVALVALVALVALVALALAALAALAALAALAGLYGLYGLYGLYTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRSERSERSERSERSERSERHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNARGARGARG BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 182182182182182183183183183183183183184184184184184185185185185186186186186186186186186186186186186187187187187187187188188188188188188188188188188189189189189189189189189190190190     71.73072.26070.61073.90475.08873.21973.86472.88473.59371.66475.06476.12774.89475.96675.45677.15078.30376.85777.91778.76579.97078.14678.87377.93877.36178.18177.65875.99775.46576.30075.77479.55280.39579.19879.77278.64777.86780.74180.90381.38582.33283.54284.70985.95384.66585.83086.62981.64482.18180.44379.65780.29679.96378.79380.98479.37879.44779.06478.71279.756   4.1583.5963.7167.3227.1808.4249.54710.73011.88810.28210.01910.31510.08410.52110.6029.5639.9888.2687.2797.3587.1197.6927.7857.5086.1134.9993.7165.9094.6333.5412.2709.1279.24910.13211.46412.49112.52411.93313.13711.00211.38012.08712.24011.70613.01912.95712.16712.30613.34411.91912.67812.60211.31410.93610.63314.13115.01014.37915.71716.267  28.97029.93028.40828.66128.38028.36627.69927.51726.82026.71228.51827.97229.83530.72332.15930.64530.59030.63130.56029.30329.35028.17626.91525.73425.70925.83025.78225.53925.49025.61225.56126.68625.80127.48127.30327.17128.35428.38728.58729.08230.12929.50130.42730.38731.56432.18431.49031.13831.52131.55232.51733.90334.61834.72035.12332.16833.02530.90130.44529.473  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  22.8324.8324.1219.4119.8119.0718.0418.0920.7717.6317.9319.3317.2018.8420.0619.7719.5519.8420.4921.3823.9121.1121.1821.4722.9724.7625.3224.0524.4826.3328.7621.9620.8220.9722.1721.6121.7022.1821.9122.6522.6624.0426.0826.3227.3127.4427.7522.2223.2421.1320.7322.7524.9528.5128.3820.2220.7118.6917.5418.78     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   299029912992299329942995299629972998299930003001300230033004300530063007300830093010301130123013301430153016301730183019302030213022302330243025302630273028302930303031303230333034303530363037303830393040304130423043304430453046304730483049   CGCDNECZNH1NH2CONCDCACBCGCONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBSGCONCACBCG2CG1CD1CONCACBCGSDCECONCACBCGCD1CE1CD2CE2 ARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGPROPROPROPROPROPROPROLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRCYSCYSCYSCYSCYSCYSILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILEMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYR BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 190190190190190190190190191191191191191191191192192192192192192192192193193193193193193193194194194194194194195195195195195195195195196196196196196196196196197197197197197197197197     81.07880.87482.11282.31281.35383.47577.37277.23276.36476.36175.04074.29374.88474.30973.56274.50873.81173.99473.28571.78573.56874.28173.46275.59576.12277.65878.01278.19075.74475.33475.86675.54075.85675.55974.07873.77773.16971.75070.88170.54269.58569.80971.31070.45071.89971.52272.13571.40269.75570.21971.95971.24673.13173.59775.02975.66476.02376.59875.89576.473   16.66517.61018.30218.98119.06419.58815.58715.97215.03614.61314.85914.04814.55416.14316.19217.18118.43119.40220.75020.55121.59119.07119.46719.17519.77519.91920.82020.46618.92619.44917.61116.69815.25714.03416.79116.99516.64916.69516.24217.42015.61014.37218.07518.17619.13720.48221.54421.67622.41124.13720.71721.34920.20420.37019.84520.23521.55321.92219.29119.651  30.11231.29331.63732.76133.67332.96629.73128.57330.42331.83729.82530.87732.16129.48128.50630.28230.01831.18631.02930.85332.25528.72727.90228.54327.32127.37828.43526.06026.11225.07126.25925.17325.58724.28824.74923.57125.70925.39226.60427.50726.09225.24324.91024.03625.45625.03125.95427.29227.11726.85723.59422.81923.23221.86521.70420.38420.12918.92719.39618.184  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 20.7320.8121.7523.6223.1824.6915.4815.7015.2915.4714.5113.8916.3013.5215.3212.4511.6813.8114.6415.8613.9210.0611.6611.2411.6112.9116.1913.7912.2413.8212.7113.7216.4121.3513.3313.9713.4613.8815.5517.8518.5719.0313.2414.6511.8611.5811.6213.5614.3612.7411.5613.6612.1413.1916.1119.1619.1520.6321.7322.58     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  305030513052305330543055305630573058305930603061306230633064306530663067306830693070307130723073307430753076307730783079308030813082308330843085308630873088308930903091309230933094309530963097309830993100310131023103310431053106310731083109  CZOHCONCACBCONCACBCG2CG1CD1CONCACBCGCD1CD2CE1CE2CZCONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGCDNECZNH1NH2CONCACB  TYRTYRTYRTYRALAALAALAALAALAILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGASPASPASP BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 197197197197198198198198198199199199199199199199199200200200200200200200200200200200201201201201201201201201201202202202202202202202202202203203203203203203203203203203203204204204     76.82177.39472.66072.29072.26871.37071.18370.01869.46769.49068.20867.77366.61167.41567.15968.27767.38769.33069.45770.61070.20369.58970.42069.19670.03069.41869.61569.10270.31670.49271.48772.93373.57573.03474.73869.14268.76468.41367.10466.54265.11164.98065.88263.95966.12565.34066.17265.26764.84063.92463.51062.54561.25560.76360.45965.83465.18567.04067.71666.920   20.96921.33819.60120.09218.39717.58916.20218.27618.29318.84819.54419.96320.94318.72019.01620.78821.03721.57722.78223.63824.59124.12625.95125.00326.83626.36122.46723.19821.38220.97519.81420.21920.74121.62420.19520.53020.88919.75319.24318.35317.84416.82315.97116.85920.37320.28521.43522.56523.11122.17022.75321.89721.81722.55520.97623.69424.72323.48824.46624.691   17.96116.76620.93519.87121.33720.51121.13720.32319.21921.40021.36022.78122.70423.60325.07920.48219.66120.64619.83920.35521.44422.59521.30723.59222.30123.44318.35417.50318.04116.64816.55616.76415.49614.82715.15716.09214.97516.89016.49417.61417.41816.30216.15715.57916.18915.24316.98716.80318.16718.93520.27720.95520.63519.64821.28215.94615.75915.42414.57713.288   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00   22.0025.2912.7914.1312.7913.4915.1313.0714.8714.6613.6113.7014.1713.1015.1814.0215.6713.4214.3814.1514.1014.9515.0516.1416.5415.9415.9717.7516.4517.3918.9521.9525.5027.9228.4818.1018.7716.9618.5719.5121.8026.2728.8128.6918.3019.7117.5816.5516.3817.2215.5814.6215.7418.0916.3815.8416.6616.7516.3318.57     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   311031113112311331143115311631173118311931203121312231233124312531263127312831293130313131323133313431353136313731383139314031413142314331443145314631473148314931503151315231533154315531563157315831593160316131623163316431653166316731683169   CGOD1OD2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCDCENZCONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CE1CE2CZCONCACBCGCDNECZNH1NH2CON ASPASPASPASPASPLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGILE BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 204204204204204205205205205205205205205206206206206206206206206207207207207207207207207207208208208208208208208209209209209209209209209209209209210210210210210210210210210210210211     67.78267.23369.00967.90367.97667.99568.15967.93666.48466.45565.68069.49969.57170.56171.85972.97173.26774.46573.55771.82372.26571.28071.19670.77571.62873.06073.61173.35870.19270.44869.04368.00166.78466.19465.74268.47768.18569.21869.70469.38767.92367.23467.22165.87165.85665.18171.18871.77771.77673.18673.41372.65873.16572.39572.73773.84071.97774.11774.96073.948   25.21325.84124.98425.80026.85625.74926.96326.65626.41225.90627.70527.67128.89526.92427.56326.52425.58824.72026.38828.47729.62227.97428.76527.88026.64526.99426.05724.62329.90731.02829.61330.61830.03028.99731.10831.86432.98931.66532.78332.52632.56233.76231.39433.79931.42332.62933.08433.80532.53132.72434.12434.36733.45133.59333.04332.31433.22232.49133.32831.345   12.15811.22812.19315.29414.66116.61817.40818.89119.31220.74919.17017.22617.35616.93216.74316.56917.74117.38118.99915.52115.57614.41913.19412.02111.80711.47410.40110.71713.32712.89713.92214.09014.83814.04115.11414.82914.41815.91616.71518.18918.49118.48018.73218.70218.95318.93816.54517.34815.49015.17514.59813.29512.18410.9509.7889.6978.71516.35616.67217.002   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 22.2127.9525.6417.1516.8915.6416.2315.8816.0417.6617.9114.5914.9015.0513.6314.6517.2718.3118.1814.3015.3215.4417.0020.2722.8223.2425.6027.6015.2916.5015.2815.4714.5517.6017.2715.1117.4215.5915.0915.5313.5715.6514.2716.1814.9516.5714.7914.7614.6515.0916.8921.5923.8927.0526.7628.0426.9214.0116.2914.62     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  317031713172317331743175317631773178317931803181318231833184318531863187318831893190319131923193319431953196319731983199320032013202320332043205320632073208320932103211321232133214321532163217321832193220322132223223322432253226322732283229  CACBCG2CG1CD1CONCACBOGCONCACBOGCONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CE1CE2CZCONCACBCG2CG1CD1CONCACBOG1CG2CO ILEILEILEILEILEILEILESERSERSERSERSERSERSERSERSERSERSERSERASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILETHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHR BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 211211211211211211211212212212212212212213213213213213213214214214214214214214214215215215215215215215216216216216216216216216216216216217217217217217217217217218218218218218218218     74.79474.00874.88572.74671.82875.79775.41377.07178.07979.44179.39578.16277.94578.46778.58778.90877.76379.67579.53280.75981.84483.01284.12384.77484.33681.37181.67780.62180.12579.37280.23378.93679.16879.23278.26777.29676.33275.18574.18175.12173.13174.07273.08177.96577.61778.92779.62080.52481.32479.65380.43480.44480.46881.09681.90282.63883.50483.46081.01881.350   30.96130.21130.02830.99130.23529.98828.91230.36629.47630.17031.33128.22328.27927.08625.86024.67724.30526.01725.52326.70926.90327.66627.93426.96429.11327.66227.27128.74229.54230.78631.54731.65628.72828.74128.01427.21326.53325.86026.61424.48326.00423.86824.63026.14925.97025.43824.39723.56922.55122.84322.21724.97624.41026.10926.72827.97127.58128.62427.12126.844  18.12119.20420.43619.57720.51017.51517.05717.48516.93016.89416.08417.79119.00417.17317.94417.03416.28718.99820.11618.65219.60718.97819.97520.42020.32320.83521.96120.62221.74121.24920.40022.42422.58423.81021.92322.64721.68122.36622.95322.45223.61723.11523.69523.50524.66722.92623.66322.73023.54221.69920.55224.81125.90924.57525.61725.08224.01026.18326.79427.950  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  13.5513.6912.9415.1014.2413.2914.8412.7513.8717.0825.7814.0213.9714.0614.7714.5119.9213.3213.1513.0913.6316.1318.9022.4822.4012.2914.2511.0711.4211.5114.5513.989.0210.9010.458.9112.6816.0217.0017.4418.3717.0015.229.6611.349.009.4412.0213.9514.9317.339.6511.309.009.7010.9013.1112.917.929.92     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   323032313232323332343235323632373238323932403241324232433244324532463247324832493250325132523253325432553256325732583259326032613262326332643265326632673268326932703271327232733274327532763277327832793280328132823283328432853286328732883289  NCACBCGCD1CE1CD2CE2CZOHCONCACBCGSDCECONCACBCGSDCECONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGOD1OD2CO TYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASP BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB  219219219219219219219219219219219219220220220220220220220220221221221221221221221221222222222222222222222223223223223223223223223224224224224224224224224224225225225225225225225225     79.88578.96977.78576.76176.95576.06875.64774.75974.97574.10378.40878.41377.92377.34276.72775.42374.15174.16778.32777.96579.56980.59281.86381.73981.56781.81580.90581.15780.88981.14181.28582.39781.51579.97280.17478.74877.56576.28674.96374.67973.82377.57077.36177.82077.82178.05477.91377.39877.63476.76378.85678.61879.99881.04882.33783.40083.40984.23480.63981.281  27.75428.15328.97329.25930.28830.48828.43828.62729.65229.83126.93526.88325.95224.77123.84724.38124.82923.36124.00423.55723.86923.17022.98921.90320.26419.21823.95523.36925.27926.14327.61727.72328.53825.99925.81726.05525.91326.04725.87627.11725.63324.55324.46423.49822.15321.10919.66918.71318.96417.69822.00821.31622.67322.60923.26122.24721.16822.53623.29823.109  26.50827.57527.03428.12029.03530.09128.28729.33730.23531.28628.29929.52627.54728.17827.12326.51527.74828.78129.05030.13528.58729.36428.52827.46828.20526.73530.63631.69330.52931.67331.21130.31232.39632.65933.86432.14132.98732.14932.90833.73831.92233.67634.89032.90433.46132.36232.85831.79430.59232.16034.56735.55834.40935.42134.92134.57535.20533.69136.70937.744   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00   8.857.478.039.1311.3611.0811.1710.379.6810.388.1211.398.609.0210.5314.1413.7918.848.9310.2710.2210.0812.1414.9519.0519.619.0412.499.159.038.9811.0210.199.269.8710.238.749.4410.3713.5110.739.6810.5911.6012.6214.9515.7516.8915.8714.5412.7415.0612.1414.6518.4123.0424.7224.1813.8415.90     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  329032913292329332943295329632973298329933003301330233033304330533063307330833093310331133123313331433153316331733183319332033213322332333243325332633273328332933303331333233333334333533363337333833393340334133423343334433453346334733483349  NCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCACBCGCD1CE1CD2CE2CZOHCONCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCACBOGCONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCG1CG2CONCACBCONCA  HISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISSERSERSERSERSERSERASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPVALVALVALVALVALVALVALALAALAALAALAALATYRTYR BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 226226226226226226226226226226227227227227227227227227227227227227228228228228228228228228228228229229229229229229230230230230230230230230231231231231231231231232232232232232233233     79.58779.12178.64479.77080.17880.68381.60981.32778.06677.54877.73176.82376.03574.73574.68973.49873.55272.35772.33971.15177.80078.89977.42178.30477.99978.09478.17978.08978.16978.22578.13177.07479.16579.05580.22181.47478.98378.55979.37979.36080.37580.15480.28279.85177.97377.71277.08675.72375.06273.60175.79374.98175.01574.31673.63073.05372.55172.53371.65370.571  24.10924.80326.21427.18828.21127.10828.03728.71924.03424.51222.84821.96521.05921.66722.48723.06021.43922.01122.82123.39521.12920.82720.77719.99420.26921.71122.83722.12223.43923.89818.50317.94517.84516.42115.96416.18515.56514.41216.14115.43616.06817.55918.30717.98615.43214.65716.30316.36717.71517.71718.84615.19815.03714.38313.19012.41013.34912.59814.30814.493  36.65037.84437.50137.34838.13536.31836.48137.57638.62039.63138.12438.84437.89237.41536.28935.86938.10637.69336.57236.15439.67939.22040.90341.76943.24443.63542.88944.95144.99943.76141.51341.80241.00040.71339.82640.44841.97841.92843.11044.39045.35145.53644.54546.67345.03245.95644.55245.07544.71345.11145.43244.42443.21245.23744.74545.92543.67342.69443.85242.892  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  12.5212.5213.3416.7318.2018.2319.3120.8011.1113.5911.8311.8911.767.8611.3111.237.519.519.1511.0414.1016.4314.9716.3318.1021.8723.5324.4424.6624.2215.5817.4517.1618.3019.8223.0319.2622.1018.3920.2923.1226.3229.2031.5219.1121.3516.5915.7416.2116.5016.7115.1116.0814.7814.7817.0712.7214.9113.1010.73     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  335033513352335333543355335633573358335933603361336233633364336533663367336833693370337133723373337433753376337733783379338033813382338333843385338633873388338933903391339233933394339533963397339833993400340134023403340434053406340734083409 CBCGCD1CE1CD2CE2CZOHCONCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBOGCONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCACBCONCACB TYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNSERSERSERSERSERSERLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISALAALAALAALAALAALAALAALA  BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB  233233233233233233233233233233234234234234234234234234234234235235235235235235235235236236236236236236237237237237237237237237238238238238238238238238238238239239239239239240240240     69.22868.01567.35966.23967.51966.39865.76364.63970.69870.62670.88570.98170.61469.16768.06968.71067.39266.97972.30672.94172.71073.93374.81474.04573.46474.03373.49972.30274.44774.07675.32376.04073.19772.57073.13672.28872.54171.83072.39772.01270.82369.99970.49069.11968.95867.69667.50366.43865.52766.14768.77067.68169.69869.46270.64769.25368.38070.06269.93971.031  14.51314.69413.59813.75615.95916.12915.02315.17915.75215.68116.89518.16019.31119.33019.67218.93319.02919.47418.44619.47317.52517.66516.42315.13714.91014.28817.85917.95217.91418.15918.42417.24017.10117.39015.89214.86013.49112.32612.16511.03515.26015.04615.83416.27816.73517.50018.77716.95817.86918.98217.41717.44718.35319.47320.45318.95819.44117.98817.41616.393  43.63242.74442.20041.40742.46441.66641.14540.37142.03840.81342.68741.97242.90943.28642.57044.52344.55443.38141.27941.52140.41239.63439.79539.60538.55040.63238.17937.90737.24735.85135.00034.71035.17734.15535.73135.13635.78335.07833.67435.86835.31334.41836.46836.71638.17338.43638.84038.27038.55838.90535.75935.18835.58034.67034.71333.24132.52632.83131.48731.262  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 12.2312.2713.4913.1811.9612.7611.1412.4810.9612.5411.5811.8112.4411.5410.4213.8812.1912.4612.1814.4811.9111.8013.0315.0816.1514.2311.9312.5011.6610.6511.1015.2210.0311.4010.9112.4116.5119.4920.5923.1411.4413.2611.1611.0910.6210.9612.089.6111.1911.369.7512.789.808.479.708.8710.687.688.799.79     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   341034113412341334143415341634173418341934203421342234233424342534263427342834293430343134323433343434353436343734383439344034413442344334443445344634473448344934503451345234533454345534563457345834593460346134623463346434653466346734683469  CONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCG1CG2CONCACBCONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACBOGCONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCACBCG1CG2C ALAALAASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPVALVALVALVALVALVALVALALAALAALAALAALAGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNSERSERSERSERSERSERTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISVALVALVALVALVALVAL BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 240240241241241241241241241241242242242242242242242243243243243243244244244244244244244244244245245245245245245246246246246246246246247247247247247247247247247247248248248248248248     68.57067.92868.12866.83766.68865.34664.93564.71065.69364.77965.74164.69864.86863.85364.68364.68963.61965.86965.95967.40565.36864.61265.71465.20565.93965.69264.49764.19563.82263.69262.97163.21261.78761.53262.14561.02759.92361.61961.00661.84161.77961.30760.92359.92961.97162.02763.37063.42563.56363.32463.39863.54160.86260.20560.59259.49059.51958.28560.77458.139  16.76216.86116.09615.42814.63013.95013.28614.07716.43216.23517.50918.52619.55720.68918.85219.21019.48119.47920.10120.43019.20319.67117.91716.98115.64114.65613.76513.41513.36716.79016.68616.76816.60516.40715.21817.82817.71519.00120.24521.45421.53622.74420.22320.65419.70319.59318.97718.52117.28319.38618.70017.42118.74119.08717.63316.77115.43214.61314.65817.455  31.33630.28832.39732.40233.69633.80732.82934.87232.25931.45133.03532.96934.11433.97935.45431.59431.03731.04329.72329.38828.63827.78628.66527.66527.79426.65526.89928.03825.82327.81226.81629.05229.31430.80931.27128.83028.29729.03128.59329.06530.49328.47127.06626.47826.43724.98424.57623.15322.62422.08520.95821.25724.47923.49725.15924.74825.51225.17425.13924.974  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00   9.0810.699.2010.0711.2714.1615.4416.889.7512.8110.849.5110.6011.7212.989.0212.098.328.4711.9810.4011.5911.8411.9513.7414.2614.5015.4714.8110.8813.3311.1010.9011.1213.8611.6813.9812.2212.3912.5813.5914.7212.9714.5411.9212.4913.0313.5513.6014.0814.3815.7513.0313.3012.5212.8214.3917.0714.5412.57     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   347034713472347334743475347634773478347934803481348234833484348534863487348834893490349134923493349434953496349734983499350035013502350335043505350635073508350935103511351235133514351535163517351835193520352135223523352435253526352735283529  ONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBOGCONCACBOG1CG2CONCDCACBCGCONCACBCONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCA  VALLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUSERSERSERSERSERSERTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRPROPROPROPROPROPROPROALAALAALAALAALALEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPALAALA BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 248249249249249249249249249250250250250250250250250251251251251251251252252252252252252252253253253253253253253254254254254254255255255255255255255255256256256256256256256256257257     57.26657.96356.70356.72856.74256.85555.48056.38755.22857.41657.21858.53058.95160.40358.04056.69656.08056.93256.49957.52258.75655.11254.65554.44553.10852.47952.29253.38252.21752.24551.41851.26050.52649.64350.57549.71249.55249.21048.40247.83149.15248.53650.47951.26452.28151.65452.74050.80651.98152.95951.47652.05751.31951.99653.19051.33351.99150.91353.15553.261  17.42918.07418.75219.31418.25518.93117.41019.86720.08520.57121.64922.40023.42523.82124.64421.12621.87319.84719.25318.21518.82618.61818.11718.63918.05818.34919.76017.84618.65919.86417.82316.37318.29517.07915.94519.53520.44319.57320.69320.37922.02423.08721.97223.20023.12522.88622.64024.09123.44924.19522.82822.95622.02221.91821.54622.20124.39724.98524.95826.325  24.10526.13626.43727.86128.96930.32128.90025.43925.09024.98024.01723.78024.83224.61124.75022.68121.92022.40321.14220.66920.32821.16220.13522.31222.42123.79723.94924.90721.33621.09920.65820.86319.59319.32919.58119.95719.14221.18521.65023.03021.68821.71421.69421.73622.87424.24825.27724.63320.41720.36219.35718.02517.05915.71015.66814.68917.52017.42617.20516.699  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  14.9514.5315.0217.5016.0817.1519.8515.1717.1216.3316.6717.6518.4119.3518.8817.2119.2018.1519.8721.4827.1020.3120.8819.4920.5321.3626.2522.5320.1520.8021.1021.0720.7421.8621.5821.5322.0320.6921.1321.7521.2422.0221.5020.8819.8019.9822.1217.7822.6123.6623.2824.2825.9327.9631.1731.3524.7924.5824.4025.31     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  353035313532353335343535353635373538353935403541354235433544354535463547354835493550355135523553355435553556355735583559356035613562356335643565356635673568356935703571357235733574357535763577357835793580358135823583358435853586358735883589  CBCONCACBCG1CG2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CE1CE2CZCONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCG2CG1CD1C ALAALAALAVALVALVALVALVALVALVALPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHETHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUILEILEILEILEILEILEILE BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 257257257258258258258258258258259259259259259259259259259259259260260260260260260260261261261261261261261261262262262262262262262262263263263263263263263263263264264264264264264264     52.53052.73752.57252.48851.98051.44151.17050.17253.03252.73254.26555.33756.08755.22454.72354.89353.90654.07753.58356.32556.59856.85857.83758.04158.52156.73959.18459.37360.12361.44462.33961.78961.25161.90862.11462.84361.86462.45862.15962.87164.37562.38961.93562.69460.64060.03258.50257.94956.46155.99955.75460.54860.74460.77361.29561.26262.13159.81759.63462.730  26.44227.38028.54326.98127.90427.14828.12726.39428.89130.05628.42129.27828.56128.22129.22026.90528.91326.59227.59529.70428.96130.91231.44232.94933.18833.70530.77130.12430.93630.34130.60730.00028.87430.64330.91230.20932.18732.83934.34035.17135.10436.61332.23232.04531.93031.34531.37432.80232.86932.13433.67029.91929.47129.20927.85027.17725.93526.81726.35227.921  15.35617.67017.29718.91419.92421.15622.28820.79120.41520.65620.57021.06022.18423.36124.17923.63925.25224.71025.51719.98319.04920.12819.18519.37620.70319.16019.44020.46718.51518.69317.47716.20316.26715.13619.93920.63520.21821.38121.36322.43922.21722.38822.67723.63022.71623.90223.77223.71423.41322.51624.06324.10125.23522.99723.06321.67121.65921.31319.88123.582  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 25.5625.0527.1623.3721.8222.1822.0621.8420.8822.5319.2018.2118.5116.1617.5716.1718.7416.3820.2117.8819.5617.9916.8216.9218.7419.4015.2815.5215.6614.7318.3723.4324.7124.7813.6115.1413.3713.8813.4117.3417.3919.7312.7214.3913.1013.4715.7416.9920.7022.0622.6812.7513.6412.6812.5514.1214.0815.8020.1412.33     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   359035913592359335943595359635973598359936003601360236033604360536063607360836093610361136123613361436153616361736183619362036213622362336243625362636273628362936303631363236333634363536363637363836393640364136423643364436453646364736483649  ONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCONCACBCONCACBCG2CG1CD1CONCACBCGCD1CD2CE1CE2CZCONCACBCONCACBCONCACBCONCACBCG2CG1CD1C  ILELEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUALAALAALAALAALAALAALAALAALAALAILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEALAALAALAALAALAALAALAALAALAALAALAALAALAALAALAILEILEILEILEILEILEILE BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 264265265265265265265265265266266266266266267267267267267268268268268268268268268269269269269269269269269269269269270270270270270271271271271271272272272272272273273273273273273273     63.12263.50064.88765.49766.88167.88367.31264.93365.74664.04763.98462.95563.64564.26762.65362.22560.98263.32063.57463.97365.02865.43366.48964.20364.45466.23466.85066.55367.67267.90668.99670.33368.67771.33369.66670.99567.34568.18866.11665.70364.24765.87966.40265.44665.59664.96767.07267.42267.94669.36870.11570.04870.88969.67670.29970.51071.20069.16069.28269.497  27.13828.87229.07330.26530.71829.58731.95029.34228.76830.21730.57331.68629.39129.20528.59927.45626.81726.41025.91626.06725.06724.61723.52824.05423.65925.59624.85026.87827.49228.92529.65829.35430.65330.03831.33731.02927.51227.18527.89627.93428.39726.55226.42525.50924.15423.14923.80523.21624.17323.86524.25224.51823.90425.75526.47027.96728.13428.68830.20926.471  24.45123.05523.47722.73323.20323.02022.43124.98125.69825.44726.85827.06627.75728.80227.35728.15627.53328.31329.41427.21127.26925.85225.93125.12923.68028.04428.80927.86728.58728.09328.83528.62429.74429.31130.43430.21530.08030.92230.40831.80431.91532.42733.53031.72132.24231.26832.48233.50231.55031.69430.41432.90233.54433.21434.33034.00732.66034.00034.02635.617  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00   12.8411.5412.0613.2313.8015.3313.9912.1611.7512.6711.1411.8910.0911.7710.4410.9912.2711.1412.1011.4012.3214.5616.6416.2719.2311.2512.0311.5710.7011.4512.9914.4913.2314.6613.6413.9910.439.5210.319.5410.929.8011.7310.5710.6713.419.2211.138.458.299.719.1711.329.9210.5511.1712.8010.7910.449.63     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  365036513652365336543655365636573658365936603661366236633664366536663667366836693670367136723673367436753676367736783679368036813682368336843685368636873688368936903691369236933694369536963697369836993700370137023703370437053706370737083709  ONCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCG1CG2CONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCDCACBCGCONCACONCACBCG1CG2  ILEHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPVALVALVALVALVALVALVALASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISPROPROPROPROPROPROPROGLYGLYGLYGLYVALVALVALVALVAL  BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB  273274274274274274274274274274274275275275275275275275275276276276276276276276277277277277277277277277278278278278278278278278278278279279279279279279279280280280280281281281281281     69.98068.29267.42166.06065.95265.39266.50966.30065.62567.91567.31968.97269.53169.22167.88467.44767.27471.05571.70871.63073.08373.54173.08675.04573.67273.12374.79475.50075.94377.05877.88577.12374.67274.79373.84173.00571.97570.82669.50070.98169.79868.88273.94674.72073.90073.13174.76074.79473.41874.30775.00273.15572.67071.91571.73271.50070.72171.56772.65772.182  26.95825.91725.99825.35623.92523.36022.89121.75222.01025.53925.92924.72524.25822.76922.54123.41221.47524.43323.82525.25525.42526.35127.77926.26525.90726.77825.30525.62427.09627.36826.45828.49425.29825.95624.26623.80622.79022.56222.78322.03121.93522.38423.13322.24723.55224.69922.98524.09424.65121.64821.07621.15119.87619.95718.94221.16421.38022.04121.08423.336  36.63635.59136.75836.44736.86437.96036.14136.77737.88438.13139.14738.18239.46639.71140.38141.14840.16139.54840.40438.67538.68037.52337.75637.36740.01140.68040.39141.63441.63842.63742.86543.18142.88443.91542.77943.88743.37844.31344.15845.57746.15945.31944.88044.51046.15146.66447.19248.23948.15147.77448.61247.33347.83749.15049.82449.52350.74151.86152.31951.363 1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 11.9110.098.749.4310.968.8110.1610.397.848.719.758.428.178.9710.3310.149.868.469.889.208.9810.2511.3511.428.428.829.5810.2713.3616.9117.9417.9710.7013.5810.7910.249.8010.5912.4313.4011.9312.859.8812.9411.8912.2512.3613.4313.6812.9014.7112.9013.1013.9914.5514.5814.3715.4716.5417.92     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   371037113712371337143715371637173718371937203721372237233724372537263727372837293730373137323733373437353736373737383739374037413742374337443745374637473748374937503751375237533754375537563757375837593760376137623763376437653766376737683769  CONCACBOGCONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CE1CE2CZCONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCG2CG1CD1CONCACBCGOD1ND2CO VALVALSERSERSERSERSERSERASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHELEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILEASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASN BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 281281282282282282282282283283283283283283283283284284284284284284284284284285285285285285285285285285285285286286286286286286286286287287287287287287287287288288288288288288288288     69.53369.57168.48067.26166.12966.38967.39368.34066.42766.43265.20865.40066.49264.32766.39167.08565.57765.45364.42363.92263.37662.49163.90566.79467.10367.58868.90269.57270.93172.05371.09473.31072.35273.45669.76570.44169.74570.52770.41271.00570.74872.49570.05670.86168.74668.19566.65966.09066.24264.76668.59869.02368.48868.82168.39466.88866.14966.42670.29670.634  22.27723.02222.20422.97922.40522.62424.46324.88625.25226.68127.38127.74128.11627.65526.86327.70926.05426.17825.18825.56026.98027.35127.78025.97226.65425.03024.78123.59323.23723.97822.13423.62321.77622.51926.04126.44326.65927.86828.28927.29827.80227.13628.99929.75429.11430.15630.19031.16930.59430.40329.90930.83328.66228.31426.87726.70927.67625.47228.47628.699  50.39249.40951.19950.97251.81853.19751.29651.95850.83251.11150.50449.04448.62648.26752.62353.17453.29254.74055.28456.67556.73355.96157.64955.43956.40954.94555.53754.82955.37155.02656.19555.48756.66056.30455.40756.35154.23053.99552.53151.53050.11851.77554.90355.45055.06755.91955.81956.84354.40554.11957.37758.07357.82559.21059.52359.56159.73959.41159.56860.734  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  14.0615.9812.9012.2715.8116.8711.5413.1012.5610.9512.9313.5217.0314.5011.5512.2912.6513.6516.4722.6123.1425.0023.8012.3213.3512.5211.3211.6912.8415.5614.7914.4112.9514.8011.2512.3911.6011.3913.0115.8816.0216.1711.6213.3612.4713.3114.2813.4315.8815.3612.4714.1213.8015.3216.9519.1121.3722.6815.2418.51     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  377037713772377337743775377637773778377937803781378237833784378537863787378837893790379137923793379437953796379737983799380038013802380338043805380638073808380938103811381238133814381538163817381838193820382138223823382438253826382738283829  NCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBOGCONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGSDCECON THRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNSERSERSERSERSERSERGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUALAALAALAALAALALEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETTYR BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 289289289289289289289290290290290290290290290291291291291291291292292292292292292292292292293293293293293293293293294294294294294295295295295295295295295296296296296296296296296297     71.17272.60373.41673.07373.12373.09774.29672.17072.50873.10373.33774.34772.39873.52074.45173.34274.25873.91572.64774.21773.19775.33975.45776.84077.04078.44678.89379.10474.37373.88573.98572.94472.84173.95973.66174.06671.58070.81671.26969.98769.80069.91468.86571.02971.04572.33172.37873.69671.22070.94370.27371.60171.59172.46173.64873.13773.32470.19069.84869.378  28.35328.49027.51627.71426.08229.91430.18630.82332.22232.84034.33434.86035.02832.31933.12231.49231.50330.36830.58532.83033.52233.17434.40434.47135.64235.69034.67136.74534.50635.59733.37433.38332.02031.65430.29232.72133.74934.49333.22233.51832.67434.99935.62135.57136.99337.36336.97537.42237.62737.80938.84137.32938.01237.24338.02639.45738.83138.17239.22937.126  58.57758.81557.92356.54658.30958.58758.67558.29558.05859.32759.20059.67958.56756.92456.97255.90354.77153.81153.22854.01754.00153.39152.61451.96251.01850.45049.87650.57951.54651.25950.96349.93249.24448.27247.66447.19050.50049.87651.68152.31153.57452.64952.50953.09653.42154.16455.64056.23956.36952.14052.09251.09449.80948.81148.28547.31345.62849.23148.69349.353  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 14.4914.9614.7014.7616.8714.3016.2915.2216.2118.9323.3826.8423.9415.2116.6815.3116.4118.2823.1914.8915.5716.3117.0219.0623.6426.3228.5829.5816.1217.1216.2615.1717.7819.6122.0823.0215.2115.2013.9514.5314.2915.2216.2115.8416.7817.3519.9523.5022.7116.3818.2616.1716.7519.7028.4824.7730.0815.0316.7114.35     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  383038313832383338343835383638373838383938403841384238433844384538463847384838493850385138523853385438553856385738583859386038613862386338643865386638673868386938703871387238733874387538763877387838793880388138823883388438853886388738883889  CACBCGCD1CE1CD2CE2CZOHCONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBOGCONCACBCG1CG2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACB TYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUSERSERSERSERSERSERVALVALVALVALVALVALVALLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUGLUGLUGLU BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 297297297297297297297297297297297298298298298298298298298299299299299299299299299300300300300300300300300300301301301301301301302302302302302302302303303303303303303303303304304304     68.03167.86868.80668.68069.57369.85970.76670.61371.50966.88565.74667.19666.19265.26966.03666.93565.67565.33564.13265.96165.28664.70865.75366.95465.35964.16263.41364.04362.98762.28761.45960.06059.92459.09163.53864.39363.03063.49262.81961.42064.99965.52165.69667.14267.68369.18266.99267.89968.67067.68168.35567.98468.61167.88470.08068.00068.87666.70866.25064.723  37.14135.92636.00337.02437.15835.10435.23436.26736.43237.22836.87637.71937.89139.06440.31740.75440.91136.65836.77535.48634.21934.21134.46434.21934.89533.84432.90434.56134.28735.59236.20335.62434.39636.40333.61434.17832.41931.64732.13831.94231.79932.12631.54131.69431.26331.47532.06430.94631.54929.63928.82027.34426.62425.30826.39229.24229.41429.39629.77529.770  48.79947.87646.69445.76244.71546.54345.49344.58543.54849.81249.51051.00852.05951.70651.33052.05250.19652.36352.61452.34552.62754.05155.12454.88656.23451.66151.92750.54449.56849.18950.30750.38150.57250.24248.31647.63848.01046.85445.57345.64846.73345.67147.83547.88649.26049.31850.35846.79246.04546.70045.69545.87947.07647.32446.80444.27443.42944.01442.68742.671  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  12.4012.9512.4813.1512.7012.7113.8512.1815.4512.4313.4213.1014.2715.3818.0621.1520.4415.0617.0515.3016.0017.1520.0021.2723.3115.8517.1215.5917.1419.4024.3528.5030.0231.2516.2717.1615.3014.0314.5417.5711.7613.1512.2911.2812.3112.1613.1011.1412.8011.2912.1214.5817.9819.9919.3010.3111.1010.049.5111.48     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   389038913892389338943895389638973898389939003901390239033904390539063907390839093910391139123913391439153916391739183919392039213922392339243925392639273928392939303931393239333934393539363937393839393940394139423943394439453946394739483949  CGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCONCACBCG1CG2CONCACONCA GLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUALAALAALAALAALAVALVALVALVALVALVALVALGLYGLYGLYGLYPHEPHE BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 304304304304304304305305305305305305305305306306306306306306306306306306307307307307307307307307307307308308308308308308308308309309309309309310310310310310310310311311311311312312     64.11064.25564.32564.27166.82367.18066.91967.50867.39466.11065.89865.24368.98669.51469.64971.05771.61973.08673.78574.01575.22475.11271.29372.24170.43670.59869.49569.41468.34770.53270.15768.83770.54071.33869.58469.42168.18566.83865.69966.69470.65171.16871.12872.30272.62673.51874.22373.76974.89375.05876.11975.44774.71575.63273.53373.27973.53874.13273.08973.298  28.37927.88528.71926.64631.11931.27032.09833.38134.38635.18435.97634.97633.18633.82032.30932.02731.18530.92729.77131.94331.42330.10631.31531.63630.35129.62328.56927.59827.04627.05726.21426.18730.61930.55131.53932.56633.41832.79033.58032.76633.46233.72233.93234.80135.21234.12134.72232.87432.12630.78329.93931.03431.86532.08531.39831.11932.29332.13133.48234.661  42.94344.38745.31844.59142.21641.04943.11542.73743.88043.82742.91144.81042.39141.47443.13542.89744.04543.93343.85443.88143.77543.75641.56240.84241.22839.97239.81140.95041.57741.54942.49542.53138.81837.87838.89537.87538.17737.80438.43736.28737.79436.71138.94138.95340.38638.31537.50638.69138.14638.87438.18240.32836.64935.85236.26634.86333.94132.87634.33033.502  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  12.1514.3714.4915.259.1912.1010.0110.3211.9112.9614.5814.4710.2911.488.949.8410.5513.6615.0815.4416.3214.888.9310.077.617.787.067.958.549.979.579.416.6010.138.249.3611.0211.8211.5111.0010.0211.7710.089.4613.559.1911.818.859.849.8812.319.448.8411.099.949.449.5712.629.8210.22     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  395039513952395339543955395639573958395939603961396239633964396539663967396839693970397139723973397439753976397739783979398039813982398339843985398639873988398939903991399239933994399539963997399839994000400140024003400440054006400740084009  CBCGCD1CD2CE1CE2CZCONCACBCGCDCENZCONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2C  PHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHELYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLU  BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 312312312312312312312312312313313313313313313313313313314314314314314314314314315315315315315315315315316316316316316316316316316317317317317317317317317317318318318318318318318318     72.26270.91870.66969.91869.44368.69168.45674.71575.27075.31276.66877.08178.57779.06280.58481.08877.67778.60877.48478.40178.09078.32378.05379.76278.41979.34777.40677.36676.03974.76273.53274.72678.51178.86879.08880.17280.11678.83178.67677.68179.66381.58082.54181.72283.04583.08682.84583.43783.98483.35183.45482.63184.73485.29486.74987.51087.74087.62588.05484.521  35.73535.50135.92334.83535.68534.59435.02035.22335.72135.12435.62735.44835.50334.27834.21333.02734.91535.53533.61332.82431.33530.82129.32531.11933.22032.86733.96034.41335.12134.27535.17833.35335.39035.63235.93136.91137.87338.68239.65040.36939.67536.33637.07835.02734.44433.06233.14931.99031.04932.02634.38734.59234.13534.09233.62333.57034.93635.95534.98933.215  33.85233.21931.92433.90631.31933.30932.01233.61332.63334.79534.99136.45336.68137.45537.51038.26434.09033.56533.90533.09333.24634.66934.72935.09731.62330.89731.18229.79129.48929.53529.56028.32729.52528.37430.59730.49431.68331.76030.59830.50129.71030.38730.16330.54930.44631.11132.62333.41832.80934.66828.97928.08528.74227.39327.48226.16125.53926.25524.33026.410  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  10.8413.4616.1713.8917.0316.2014.7810.3312.2910.8311.4114.4521.1625.2326.0426.6610.5812.8211.3412.0813.3614.7715.5214.5211.7213.0212.3612.7215.0115.5614.0514.4513.8815.4313.9914.9717.0220.8224.7130.4126.0113.9215.7613.6013.0613.4616.7917.5121.0822.1811.8712.6213.0612.9114.5419.9323.1425.3125.1412.40     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  401040114012401340144015401640174018401940204021402240234024402540264027402840294030403140324033403440354036403740384039404040414042404340444045404640474048404940504051405240534054405540564057405840594060406140624063406440654066406740684069  ONCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCACBSGCONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCG2CG1CD1CONCACBCGCD1CD2CE1CE2CZCONCACBCGSDCECONCACBCGOD1ND2CO  GLUHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISCYSCYSCYSCYSCYSCYSASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASN BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 318319319319319319319319319319319320320320320320320321321321321321321321321322322322322322322322322323323323323323323323323323323323324324324324324324324324325325325325325325325325     84.41484.00583.24584.17984.90886.16784.30685.16386.29982.07081.77281.38380.23080.41681.60978.88777.86978.86077.58677.81076.51375.45476.55476.72776.76675.92375.05574.47875.61573.71372.84273.91173.21473.70972.62071.78371.19370.56071.24769.98970.67970.04973.13972.38874.42275.07176.52477.28278.98778.77974.39674.33973.87573.25273.68475.16975.70975.83671.74571.090  32.00333.84733.17732.30633.07033.56833.46234.17034.24932.35331.28232.88032.20232.06830.84432.88132.36434.02734.72436.22437.02136.43138.24434.18734.67433.18832.57731.25430.26331.48730.31633.48433.16634.60935.51435.89634.72233.70634.65232.63933.59132.58536.78137.73836.77337.92237.57338.67238.18836.91338.45839.67237.56437.99437.05937.17738.28536.04638.18338.170  26.60225.35324.29623.44922.38622.34921.20920.49321.16324.79824.26425.80726.39827.90628.40326.18426.64225.51025.34325.15625.23825.55624.99024.21123.07824.53923.55124.08024.32025.38125.76823.10122.13623.78123.39724.62225.34924.65826.73325.33327.41226.71222.73122.51622.38921.77521.45620.74720.48319.24820.52320.31019.69618.45817.33117.03616.98816.83818.48017.433  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  12.8713.2214.3317.1821.3821.5523.3423.0423.3112.6914.0112.4812.7913.7015.2012.2812.5812.9913.3416.4518.4218.3720.5511.8912.8112.3812.7213.2812.3015.3317.4512.4814.9910.9211.8312.9412.5514.3115.0815.1314.2316.3312.5714.1313.9916.7619.9525.7727.9228.3016.6519.0616.1218.2718.2619.2518.8018.9718.6021.64     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  407040714072407340744075407640774078407940804081408240834084408540864087408840894090409140924093409440954096409740984099410041014102410341044105410641074108410941104111411241134114411541164117411841194120412141224123412441254126412741284129  NCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCGCDCENZCONCACBCGCDCENZCONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACBCGCDNECZNH1NH2CONCACBCGCDOE1NE2  LEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLN  BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB  326326326326326326326326327327327327327327327328328328328328328328328328329329329329329329329329329330330330330330330330330330331331331331331331331331331331331332332332332332332332  71.18869.75869.15569.41168.22369.59269.62270.55168.47668.24466.97365.82967.02668.03567.81868.09067.88767.99567.70968.65368.49369.39266.50866.35365.50864.14663.19361.80061.14959.76058.80464.05763.38564.73764.70765.38364.60165.31766.52064.57665.38464.87866.51867.25868.61869.62071.00571.06871.23271.34871.29566.47066.47865.78264.98964.45665.51764.92264.25665.152  38.36338.61537.97736.52636.06835.62040.12840.80440.66442.09842.52741.93842.07042.40941.49743.68744.08545.60846.13245.52446.18445.57443.61943.06943.83643.42743.82043.22043.56842.94743.45841.92741.47941.14639.70239.01839.17238.55738.73537.84339.29138.42439.91639.61740.32239.63140.26741.51242.71242.83043.79040.00039.26441.13841.56542.98344.05345.40046.05445.811  19.67219.78421.04421.46022.31120.25319.90620.35619.50419.61418.86519.49417.41221.09321.89521.45222.84022.98424.38825.41926.78627.81023.28724.37822.43922.75421.62121.73923.06723.19322.16622.99723.92422.16622.33321.14919.86018.68618.52217.84923.63124.34623.92825.15325.14024.22124.23823.47424.01925.33423.24826.40127.38526.36127.51427.31227.17426.78927.59025.550  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  17.8318.0517.7822.3918.5419.7217.0818.7016.5717.1518.0518.5519.4917.2916.8218.5718.8020.1121.1519.4821.7322.3917.9318.2317.6118.0721.5124.2326.6927.5528.8515.6816.0214.2112.9314.3116.2417.6117.1822.4112.5614.4913.0511.2812.6714.3217.3921.5623.0423.0424.9612.6514.6912.9714.9918.0122.9625.8629.9529.01     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  413041314132413341344135413641374138413941404141414241434144414541464147414841494150415141524153415441554156415741584159416041614162416341644165416641674168416941704171417241734174417541764177417841794180418141824183418441854186418741884189  CONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCDNECZNH1NH2CONCACBCGCDCENZCONCACBCGSDCECONCACBCG1CG2CONCACBCG2CG1CD1CO GLNGLNTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETVALVALVALVALVALVALVALILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILE BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 322332333333333333333333333334334334334334334334334335335335335335335335335335335335336336336336336336336336336337337337337337337337337338338338338338338338339339339339339339339339     63.80963.46863.17162.03061.33360.84960.16862.45361.80763.54364.01265.23165.87166.29267.05964.35963.98365.05865.44266.32866.85967.90268.09368.74769.29668.85664.22164.19263.21461.99661.02159.74458.77759.40958.46661.32360.84961.29460.67560.47259.54659.14160.65361.48860.92562.81063.68465.14966.06365.26163.60763.54363.61963.50863.56763.06865.00365.14362.18262.130  40.62940.29740.21839.32239.16440.44138.19537.94537.37037.41836.10635.68134.35433.54934.63936.10335.18637.13737.20838.42738.52139.62640.07539.40138.22139.91537.24536.57038.03238.12439.12539.35440.27141.62242.53136.76036.38836.01034.68934.19935.08434.33334.60233.66732.85733.70532.76532.90232.05632.44732.97232.00934.23034.52336.04436.36936.53138.03633.96233.306  27.73328.87126.64326.73625.37724.94225.48927.23328.10126.68927.11026.28426.71425.49127.62428.59629.32429.04930.45230.70732.13732.25733.63634.57534.30535.79431.36332.38930.99231.79431.15731.94931.20530.88530.15631.92433.00030.82830.82629.38928.56526.97126.07231.60432.33931.44432.14531.67432.55330.22433.65134.41534.08035.50335.75937.16335.55935.51836.01037.045  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  13.6314.2513.5414.2416.8919.3318.7911.9713.2312.7512.2812.7416.1415.4416.2111.8112.7012.6812.5714.4315.5018.2016.4216.1317.5616.5912.9113.5013.2413.7317.5721.5923.8426.4029.3012.5614.4812.1812.0314.6114.4320.0616.6710.7911.9611.3810.2611.0910.2513.3910.5410.6911.4512.3613.6214.2212.8014.3011.9313.25     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  419041914192419341944195419641974198419942004201420242034204420542064207420842094210421142124213421442154216421742184219422042214222422342244225422642274228422942304231423242334234423542364237423842394240424142424243424442454246424742484249 NCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCGSDCECONCACBCG1CG2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCGSDCECON  ASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETVALVALVALVALVALVALVALLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUALAALAALAALAALATHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETSER BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 340340340340340340340340341341341341341341341341342342342342342342342343343343343343343343343344344344344344345345345345345345345346346346346346346346346347347347347347347347347348     61.10959.79658.75057.33256.41257.12959.76359.25260.32460.33560.77659.74260.18361.11061.19160.78762.37263.22364.67465.53565.27362.64762.68762.10661.52061.10662.25461.69063.03260.30959.95659.68358.52157.77358.90058.02060.19960.62761.95463.01361.78360.76961.07860.53760.58860.59960.62860.33660.93459.30258.21059.43458.27058.72659.15857.81956.85057.28256.11357.736  34.19433.70134.20333.85834.61332.83532.17031.61931.48230.02429.49229.76328.99730.30829.40528.42929.95929.38729.93529.35929.54829.64028.75830.83231.11532.58333.58534.99533.31530.21529.94029.75528.87828.83227.46126.63527.17025.84025.39626.30025.36325.75524.69426.87226.90828.35828.45827.45229.55626.22326.72325.08524.33223.07321.95621.48320.43325.10124.73126.169  35.26235.66234.65935.05934.66735.74835.77336.74934.78434.79833.43932.36130.80230.01835.89536.51136.14437.18437.09338.23235.73938.57239.43438.80540.11140.21140.34740.34941.63640.35441.50139.27439.37738.04139.81240.06939.89540.32039.64039.97838.12541.83942.37342.52343.98844.48846.00846.68746.52244.45044.19745.12445.59046.32745.40144.28745.35146.46246.54547.108  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  12.1714.6318.6024.9927.6729.6913.4115.3713.2812.3613.0013.7518.0518.8210.9912.8810.399.9110.8910.357.8410.5112.0311.1513.0914.4915.7417.1317.1312.8615.0713.3815.5517.9716.0117.7313.6113.5113.3214.2312.1213.7115.1214.5316.0917.4418.9219.4521.9416.6717.4018.6620.9625.6130.1832.6633.6120.7420.2020.21     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  425042514252425342544255425642574258425942604261426242634264426542664267426842694270427142724273427442754276427742784279428042814282428342844285428642874288428942904291429242934294429542964297429842994300430143024303430443054306430743084309  CACBOGCONCACBCGCDCENZCONCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCACBCGSDCECONCACBOGCONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCON  SERSERSERSERSERLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETSERSERSERSERSERSERLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUALAALAALAALAALAASP  BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB  348348348348348349349349349349349349349349350350350350350350350350350350351351351351351351351351352352352352352352353353353353353353353353354354354354354354354354355355355355355356   56.84957.65858.12155.78154.84955.91254.95955.71656.62657.59558.56159.66854.08153.25654.25553.50153.87152.99151.97853.06252.13151.45951.98251.31651.43249.98549.58849.86249.12247.45449.44048.41650.12249.69750.55851.91549.78348.92650.81951.01052.34553.58754.84653.50049.88649.27249.62548.57648.51647.45847.65447.55847.22046.44046.94245.67445.63145.48944.42546.533  26.95427.97129.02427.68628.27027.65028.32329.19630.21730.84531.78332.25927.32427.70526.04524.99023.62922.52321.85822.02521.10220.98225.13325.01925.36225.48925.67224.45822.95223.07226.64026.49927.77828.94630.15629.94628.67329.11327.94527.60026.87827.76426.90328.61126.70226.96225.64324.69623.57522.48921.83321.46425.39025.12526.28227.00627.98127.76027.70028.466  47.96048.77247.94547.14347.70145.82044.94443.94444.61243.62844.34543.46444.19643.36644.50643.84344.41843.93144.53742.64842.48443.61543.89442.86845.08345.21146.67747.54246.87047.51044.37843.70544.42543.66544.03443.68742.16341.39541.75140.34240.13740.04140.03738.77839.85338.81840.60940.26041.29941.08739.73142.20340.16439.25041.10841.10842.27539.79539.17539.374  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  22.4222.5526.0822.9924.4421.7020.9722.2724.0727.1327.1326.2220.1420.4819.6218.3019.2021.0321.7721.7923.2421.4718.0919.0719.0019.0722.8927.8630.1833.0218.3820.2620.0621.4022.8927.7721.2621.9620.4220.7521.7522.6922.8624.0519.9621.0220.4119.9321.1121.7521.9923.1619.9218.9820.8121.2922.1422.5323.2422.60     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   431043114312431343144315431643174318431943204321432243234324432543264327432843294330433143324333433443354336433743384339434043414342434343444345434643474348434943504351435243534354435543564357435843594360436143624363436443654366436743684369  CACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCDCENZCONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCGSDCECONCACBCG1CG2CONCACOCBCGCDOE1OE2NCACBOG1CG2  ASPASPASPASPASPASPASPLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETVALVALVALVALVALVALVALGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUTHRTHRTHRTHRTHR  BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB  356356356356356356356357357357357357357357357358358358358358358358358358359359359359359359359360360360360360360360360361361361361361361361362362362362362362362362362363363363363363  46.48847.73647.79746.83548.80446.35945.71046.97646.90847.89348.01548.47848.98245.47944.93744.86843.50143.06643.71743.21743.84743.46242.52941.59142.75441.88842.24541.96641.43242.01841.03643.23743.51145.01945.43247.16947.03342.83742.37642.78742.15142.38641.51143.84840.64440.03140.05738.61838.15437.03038.20838.09337.76637.78437.49339.01638.68939.07240.49438.404  29.23730.10931.18431.97831.23728.35328.72927.17926.25225.09924.09224.80722.98425.71625.60425.39124.87924.47823.20322.82021.51821.18225.90225.54427.17428.24029.59629.55330.71728.36128.61028.17628.25528.22328.24828.69530.44127.11627.29625.94124.78623.50122.37523.10025.01524.65125.62525.89426.81326.68326.42725.34723.97023.80323.06127.73728.67630.11130.19630.501  38.13938.01539.07739.17439.81136.90835.93136.95435.83736.04434.89633.64035.27735.71834.61736.85436.84638.25638.74840.13140.58841.98336.28135.57136.59336.09536.72938.13436.08634.58233.87834.08932.66132.42730.97530.83530.47431.90330.77732.52131.90032.72932.20532.66031.77830.77432.80332.82131.69131.20134.19635.26434.71833.48235.52731.27930.20830.60030.75231.917   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  23.3426.3928.2831.4631.8323.3725.2522.5222.1721.0021.2823.4820.8621.8521.7021.4921.5220.5721.3522.6722.5226.6022.1322.9023.1725.4125.2628.1426.9026.5627.2326.1826.6928.9832.3033.6133.1726.0326.2324.5423.5423.2823.9222.6223.8424.3924.2024.7525.9226.5524.6920.0020.0020.0020.0025.1025.8626.6529.8428.17     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  437043714372437343744375437643774378437943804381438243834384438543864387438843894390439143924393439443954396439743984399440044014402440344044405440644074408440944104411441244134414441544164417441844194420442144224423442444254426442744284429  CONCACBCGCDCENZCONCACBCGCDCENZCONCACBCG1CG2CONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBOGCONCACBOGCONCACONCACBCG1CG2CONCACB  THRTHRLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSVALVALVALVALVALVALVALTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRSERSERSERSERSERSERSERSERSERSERSERSERGLYGLYGLYGLYVALVALVALVALVALVALVALLEULEULEU  BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB  363363364364364364364364364364364365365365365365365365365365366366366366366366366367367367367367367367368368368368368368369369369369369369370370370370371371371371371371371372372372     39.43139.56039.91240.65941.00541.60041.79542.33942.41439.95138.76440.70440.20640.00138.80138.63437.39137.21141.24642.44940.78841.69241.74342.29640.35441.24540.11042.15241.86543.15843.97943.93341.20141.01340.84640.21239.76340.86541.18440.77142.47443.51844.81544.64143.77544.59943.07143.23344.36244.67344.97746.07846.95748.06947.52545.56844.60346.21645.82146.700  28.32029.14327.08426.57825.10724.36922.90122.10720.65126.70926.41827.14627.29528.76629.44230.83231.53532.86126.71526.90226.01425.43223.89023.46323.30725.80226.22925.64225.93226.22525.05127.36524.70323.68924.79023.66224.06424.45722.49021.34322.78921.77122.37222.83821.17220.27021.68221.17121.82421.41822.83823.55524.24325.01923.20124.60725.32024.70025.66525.518  28.92228.01628.85627.70827.95626.77427.12525.95426.26526.35726.23525.35123.98223.61924.24923.65324.17123.50323.02923.22921.99621.01221.10522.45420.88219.60419.39918.64617.24416.45416.43817.09016.62717.29715.34814.67113.26012.46114.58814.40914.72514.67114.12612.79816.05116.20017.05618.40419.17420.29518.57619.20918.14318.80517.19520.19419.91421.35322.37323.620  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  24.5325.3223.4722.7521.7822.4824.9425.2328.1423.0823.9122.1021.5822.2724.6225.5027.0726.9720.0220.9619.2719.3518.9319.6420.9319.7421.1820.3721.6821.5823.3122.2422.3422.3722.6424.9023.5529.1425.0025.8625.1625.7925.4830.8025.7527.0624.6224.1623.7526.2822.8521.9122.1224.3622.9222.0222.3522.0021.9422.47   BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  443044314432443344344435443644374438443944404441444244434444444544464447444844494450445144524453445444554456445744584459446044614462446344644465446644674468446944704471447244734474447544764477447844794480448144824483448444854486448744884489  CGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBCGCD1CE1CD2CE2CZOHCONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCG LEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRASPASPASPASP BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 372372372372372373373373373373373373373374374374374374374374374375375375375375375375375376376376376376376376376377377377377377377377377377377377377378378378378378378378379379379379     46.31747.36944.95645.90446.84744.93644.81343.32442.95943.91441.53145.30444.56746.50147.00748.41748.47449.90347.56946.99447.89345.94845.72444.54843.25842.89742.60346.90947.26747.51548.63448.13647.32947.78446.11949.76749.78650.70451.88052.73253.96855.03956.15354.04555.15356.20157.29251.58552.15750.70550.37649.25748.13749.76049.95650.38649.12448.67347.58746.365  24.43124.35524.74527.10427.48427.86929.24329.52930.37930.10730.11330.14330.31530.71631.55831.11529.70029.34929.61833.00733.44933.72435.11635.69334.92934.72334.54236.06436.74836.11937.02538.31738.06237.37538.61136.45535.26837.33536.98138.22537.93237.24436.92138.29437.97437.28636.94436.30835.26436.90636.33937.14237.26838.52534.87734.03734.57133.20233.14733.972  24.62225.71625.21921.88421.19322.24821.90321.59720.39219.23519.95123.06624.04422.99224.07024.47125.06225.44126.28123.58722.86923.98623.60524.40224.17322.99525.16923.73222.77224.91225.11625.75727.00627.91927.05425.95526.29026.29227.07327.32328.13427.57728.33429.47030.23629.66330.42828.40928.71829.20730.51031.20230.32031.57930.40031.19429.41029.20628.12628.482  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  23.0726.5124.6921.6922.7521.6722.4922.3323.9923.7723.7622.8824.0223.2824.0122.9421.1121.5422.5726.6927.6226.4026.8327.4529.7432.2032.5626.7427.8924.7924.2625.1427.0130.3130.8123.5522.9823.5922.8822.4721.5122.2221.7021.3321.8021.4323.8023.0723.1322.8723.4423.6728.3224.5422.2123.9821.1621.2124.1627.17     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  449044914492449344944495449644974498449945004501450245034504450545064507450845094510451145124513451445154516451745184519452045214522452345244525452645274528452945304531453245334534453545364537453845394540454145424543454445454546454745484549   OD1OD2CONCACBCGCDNECZNH1NH2CONCACBCG2CG1CD1CONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACBCG1CG2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCDNECZNH1NH2CONCA ASPASPASPASPARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILEGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNVALVALVALVALVALVALVALLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGASNASN BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 379379379379380380380380380380380380380380380381381381381381381381381382382382382382382382382382383383383383383383383384384384384384384384384385385385385385385385385385385385386386   46.44445.32549.84950.01950.66451.80952.48351.60552.40451.60152.09653.40151.28352.84253.27453.24154.23454.78753.70355.99057.11353.67054.40852.36151.71450.21649.44849.75150.80548.82751.91352.24451.70251.86951.36551.70449.85753.33653.65154.23055.65956.45456.32957.15456.79956.20556.98955.80056.27955.78354.30253.79254.45353.97652.83554.63755.79756.53854.55954.020  35.21933.37432.32131.21332.82232.06032.79832.85933.10132.76732.57932.69432.25831.72330.57632.70932.44533.75434.46733.43832.70331.55130.80231.62130.78831.10230.35430.86530.57631.64229.31928.48229.01227.65127.51626.14127.73627.23526.12128.13627.83228.95329.00830.15827.68627.59826.67328.42928.26929.42029.37830.69231.05731.96032.58332.23926.93026.23126.56325.296  28.41828.83128.78429.29027.86227.37626.21824.98223.71922.54921.33321.12220.33228.44228.54729.23730.26530.87631.66631.76931.05531.36731.99831.59232.60132.65533.73435.13035.69835.68732.22833.07230.95230.46329.01128.45928.96830.52030.93230.11530.12329.45227.93127.38727.34231.52531.74032.48033.84834.73335.02235.59836.84737.69837.43138.81634.39835.08634.08134.552  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  30.3130.3220.0320.5919.5619.2419.9222.1522.2626.3926.4126.0327.2918.4817.9718.5918.8119.6320.4918.7420.2418.1017.9718.4318.9320.0123.7826.1730.0429.9318.4320.1518.3317.6718.0817.1919.5916.8617.8216.1315.2415.8517.9420.5319.4714.2515.4016.4417.2920.2022.3525.9527.1927.6128.5529.2416.5516.5016.8816.42     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  455045514552455345544555455645574558455945604561456245634564456545664567456845694570457145724573457445754576457745784579458045814582458345844585458645874588458945904591459245934594459545964597459845994600460146024603460446054606460746084609  CBCGOD1ND2CONCACBCGSDCECONCACBCG1CG2CONCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCACBSGCONCACBCONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCA ASNASNASNASNASNASNMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETVALVALVALVALVALVALVALHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISCYSCYSCYSCYSCYSCYSALAALAALAALAALAASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUSERSER BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 386386386386386386387387387387387387387387388388388388388388388389389389389389389389389389389390390390390390390391391391391391392392392392392392392392393393393393393393393393394394     52.50251.75451.61351.29154.68654.87855.05555.71655.93056.58656.96655.37457.06557.36957.87959.18960.01761.33260.28459.02859.84057.97257.69356.53056.12454.90257.02556.37655.08657.35157.80156.57156.19755.20353.47457.43957.58758.33059.55660.33160.41361.02260.44861.22861.22662.26063.37061.96560.66061.39459.35058.67657.44857.71056.38158.57158.23557.15259.07958.730  25.25725.90425.31127.13124.11823.06124.30923.25423.70022.64923.30723.28722.88221.70223.88623.63924.94424.70525.43923.05122.23823.46122.95123.74223.27523.00923.07022.69622.65221.46320.63421.12619.73419.63320.01418.91217.77919.48918.79919.63818.53417.47219.50719.38620.73120.79720.24921.41618.28017.63918.06317.02917.61918.72019.23918.17115.87415.31415.50314.434  34.35435.50836.57835.30433.84734.44632.58531.82330.37729.51127.88827.13232.44432.62532.76033.36133.42234.13932.01034.76435.21535.45236.78637.40438.76939.28739.79240.88140.60236.65537.45235.63235.38734.22334.65135.05135.50134.25233.86632.86535.09835.23036.00337.22637.96339.07938.91140.12038.11638.86538.02538.81239.50440.53041.07041.65237.91238.09636.95536.021  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  19.2420.6222.0622.8816.0215.2316.2117.1719.1119.7422.7123.0916.2417.4315.7414.7215.9418.4016.7913.3013.9315.2815.3017.0219.7320.4520.3820.5320.4014.8616.5215.0215.9317.3624.7813.9614.8213.1212.9512.0410.9613.4411.7813.0713.8013.7810.7721.0612.4615.2413.5214.7618.2219.4320.8422.4614.1217.1013.2314.35     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  461046114612461346144615461646174618461946204621462246234624462546264627462846294630463146324633463446354636463746384639464046414642464346444645464646474648464946504651465246534654465546564657465846594660466146624663466446654666466746684669  CBOGCONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCDCACBCGCONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCGCDCENZCONCACBOGCONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCA SERSERSERSERASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNPROPROPROPROPROPROPROTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSSERSERSERSERSERSERLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLULEULEU BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 394394394394395395395395395395395395396396396396396396396397397397397397397397398398398398398398398398398399399399399399399400400400400400400400400401401401401401401401401401402402     59.18460.59959.27758.91260.13660.72661.53662.81863.49763.15759.70859.88958.62858.36257.62556.71857.62156.83756.08057.00656.28555.80256.91455.15757.11256.61558.37359.24960.70360.94660.60460.70262.09259.09758.43059.70759.63260.51461.88760.10960.99859.52359.88959.18759.38958.88858.64161.39861.93462.08063.52864.04665.56166.03067.26165.16664.25365.15563.85964.472  14.81614.88913.04812.07212.95211.66511.78612.60212.86712.98810.5269.44510.75411.8949.70010.28111.2329.3218.34510.0859.80711.09911.76212.0259.0338.6848.7738.0318.4689.95310.33211.83512.3496.5376.1585.6954.2493.5173.7723.9264.5932.8982.5131.2050.7371.806-0.5712.3702.7671.8101.6251.0020.9410.4480.3740.1372.9443.0133.9855.302  34.60834.52736.35935.70737.37237.74239.04538.88939.87637.66337.90337.35338.66639.55938.86239.94940.69237.60837.61936.53535.29434.61534.00435.63034.27733.20534.60233.70533.91333.66832.23431.99632.14934.00034.96433.16933.37032.35932.60334.78035.30735.38636.74437.13538.58139.54738.80736.93237.96435.93736.01334.71534.61133.25233.03032.40336.26837.10635.54135.692  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 15.2214.5514.4816.1315.4314.4115.0115.7617.6614.7514.3414.6414.5915.4615.5415.6716.2716.1916.4716.1816.5917.2617.7818.2517.2217.6516.9517.5618.0118.8419.4718.8418.4517.5118.0418.9820.3621.3827.8719.6820.1820.0419.1620.5319.4622.2221.2119.3520.5920.3321.5323.3626.9629.7931.1832.0121.6423.4120.3519.60     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  467046714672467346744675467646774678467946804681468246834684468546864687468846894690469146924693469446954696469746984699470047014702470347044705470647074708470947104711471247134714471547164717471847194720472147224723472447254726472747284729 CBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCD1CE1CD2CE2CZOHCONCACBCGCDNECZNH1NH2CONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACBCGCD2CE2CE3CD1NE1CZ2CZ3CH2CONCACBOG1CG2CON LEULEULEULEULEULEUTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRASP BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 402402402402402402403403403403403403403403403403403403404404404404404404404404404404404405405405405405405405405405406406406406406406406406406406406406406406407407407407407407407408     64.10664.62064.23166.12964.03064.84462.73562.17860.67159.94660.43559.74958.75358.06158.56157.86562.87463.21863.09363.76063.80262.42462.50563.06263.34863.13163.84765.17065.63965.84367.19167.83568.13268.84770.02068.14267.14568.00966.13765.99464.88865.24766.36566.29467.41764.56465.18667.23568.35168.25365.66666.17864.81064.42763.35962.18262.99665.63865.79066.501   6.1945.7206.7205.5505.9736.5375.9046.5086.2286.7997.9098.4416.2416.7647.8628.3686.0066.7924.7014.1582.6322.0020.5020.151-1.089-2.104-1.3134.7254.9574.9485.5085.4734.0704.0554.4293.6286.9407.3567.6969.0749.79210.09810.86810.90711.5289.71310.19511.57912.19712.2179.1039.9418.1868.1177.0307.3506.9457.8208.4006.916  34.50533.14532.07533.20236.98937.72237.27038.46638.51939.71640.39841.48040.14741.21741.88342.95439.72740.60939.81940.99440.92540.87141.04542.34842.73041.90543.93841.13342.24940.00540.03938.64838.15536.81836.71935.77840.55841.32340.13740.59539.81438.38937.93036.52238.57137.27236.14835.74437.79536.39842.08442.82442.52143.92644.15943.40645.63144.80645.88444.353  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 19.8820.9123.1122.9018.7718.9817.0816.3015.7915.7415.4317.1316.5718.4818.0519.1616.6016.1017.3218.4720.5322.6226.0226.6427.4728.6627.3716.9418.3616.5715.9417.4320.3221.1524.8622.0216.0216.8514.9714.3213.6113.3313.2713.9915.0815.0113.6113.0714.2115.2315.2115.3015.8016.5816.9518.8418.4516.4617.7916.64     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  473047314732473347344735473647374738473947404741474247434744474547464747474847494750475147524753475447554756475747584759476047614762476347644765476647674768476947704771477247734774477547764777477847794780478147824783478447854786478747884789  CACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCGCDNECZNH1NH2CONCACBCG2CG1CD1CONCACBCGSDCECONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CE1CE2 ASPASPASPASPASPASPASPARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILEMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHE BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 408408408408408408408409409409409409409409409409409409410410410410410410410410411411411411411411411411412412412412412412412412412413413413413413413413413413414414414414414414414414     67.69168.50467.80766.91568.16868.57069.15268.65869.47969.68670.54570.86371.78172.77072.97573.55968.90169.63067.59467.02765.55564.67165.10365.88567.14267.37267.00567.11766.68665.18464.21064.68968.54568.75769.52870.90971.89273.34873.59373.39473.98171.18871.87370.65370.88870.36470.79670.51870.87469.95970.19470.70769.02368.26466.97466.11365.24466.16564.44165.363     6.5865.4764.1283.9353.2547.8228.0478.6299.83410.3979.51310.1759.3639.86111.1739.04810.91211.53511.14112.17112.47211.30613.74314.99311.74812.58210.4539.9838.5188.2999.3638.73010.15110.5249.88410.0489.5449.6999.1967.98610.01111.51811.83412.42513.84014.70716.16316.96816.49118.08114.21915.01613.63513.88713.07013.26714.34512.36814.51812.538  45.13144.45644.49645.35043.68045.29446.35444.24144.29342.88542.01540.69139.89839.16439.11938.47745.19845.97045.12545.97745.62546.00846.35445.96447.43748.30947.70749.08349.20749.07450.17251.78149.58450.73348.73149.16448.10748.53849.95750.20350.83049.46650.43248.65248.91047.75947.87646.62445.53146.73450.21551.00550.43851.65451.63752.84752.93253.89954.04755.019  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 17.1120.3125.1328.1028.2115.9016.4414.7214.1614.7314.1316.1216.9517.7519.6019.4614.0515.2914.6515.6617.1619.3420.6221.2315.2215.7715.9616.3717.9221.3723.3826.5816.1115.7215.8316.0118.7624.4428.5531.1530.9215.5915.3015.5315.7317.4317.3416.0815.6817.2114.7515.0115.3116.3518.2519.7321.3521.6921.9223.22     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  479047914792479347944795479647974798479948004801480248034804480548064807480848094810481148124813481448154816481748184819482048214822482348244825482648274828482948304831483248334834483548364837483848394840484148424843484448454846484748484849  CZCONCACBCGCD1CD2CE1CE2CZCONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCGCDCENZCONCACBCGCDOE1OE2 PHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLYGLYGLYGLYASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLU BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 414414414415415415415415415415415415415415416416416416416416416416416417417417417417417417417417418418418418419419419419419419419419420420420420420420420420420421421421421421421421     64.50269.11469.23869.69570.53670.88369.68568.63269.61767.53068.51967.47571.81172.35172.29573.49273.87374.44375.00974.29976.29873.19374.01972.01271.65270.35770.01268.78668.61467.93271.48971.87670.91870.74272.08372.21073.09174.42675.39675.10374.45075.54874.97075.54074.79075.27275.01975.69275.34275.74977.21474.59475.24473.28772.56371.05870.46968.95268.37468.335 13.61113.47314.21712.27811.78710.3099.4059.6168.3348.7767.4937.71412.60912.76413.12913.96914.42113.34113.90214.53713.66415.20615.63315.79116.97317.61218.89319.59819.71620.08716.59517.35415.41914.96214.87015.25714.35914.24113.55712.07811.47311.51815.62215.81516.58117.94018.82718.36319.29718.71418.48218.56919.24118.35818.92818.66019.19419.13218.15720.053  55.09152.85353.82952.77953.86753.66953.65754.53152.77854.52952.77253.64753.98255.07952.85652.86251.44350.52849.21948.42648.98853.70554.50853.51354.28253.76954.51853.97052.75754.86655.74756.63055.99557.36158.06659.23057.36357.94556.98056.79457.67255.77058.29659.37057.39257.62856.40555.13353.98852.64252.53658.84059.63958.97760.10759.97458.67158.62359.14658.042  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 22.8215.5616.7016.3917.1618.1320.0220.5821.2822.0822.1822.7516.8519.5317.4718.0920.5223.7424.9422.8127.7817.1016.9216.2414.4314.9215.4017.0720.0418.8615.0014.6714.7217.0317.7018.7017.5916.7920.0823.8627.0826.3416.6417.1215.9315.8716.5417.2918.1620.0923.9415.0816.5916.2316.3816.7820.2123.1028.1723.93     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  485048514852485348544855485648574858485948604861486248634864486548664867486848694870487148724873487448754876487748784879488048814882488348844885488648874888488948904891489248934894489548964897489848994900490149024903490449054906490749084909  CONCACBCGCDNECZNH1NH2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGCDNECZNH1NH2CONCACONCACBCGSDCECONCDCACBCGCONCACOCBCGSDCE  GLUGLUARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGGLYGLYGLYGLYMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETPROPROPROPROPROPROPROMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMET BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 421421422422422422422422422422422422422423423423423423423423423423424424424424424424424424424424424425425425425426426426426426426426426430430430430430430430431431431431431431431431     73.10673.24373.42873.97174.00674.70076.07575.97777.00478.22476.80775.37475.68676.21277.58378.31478.39379.01878.75079.76777.63578.56176.64276.61376.15176.99876.64177.21777.21176.66777.73375.74775.60175.18174.33973.05772.62572.43471.19271.14772.23572.36870.89269.98370.12965.18264.95366.11466.61365.41965.44964.37466.09765.57265.87466.81066.14466.91567.58566.902   18.34719.05817.05916.40914.89014.12113.64912.76012.39512.84011.59016.93017.25417.01617.49817.47016.10616.16917.14615.23718.92319.28719.73121.12122.01821.84622.83922.44523.20524.41422.74721.35922.49320.28620.40721.18521.95320.98221.66921.96822.91122.93223.84620.82819.71516.33615.87915.44014.53514.43714.65314.07714.63213.91112.42812.04914.48115.77716.40815.233  61.41062.40461.39962.59162.39763.52263.08161.92761.16961.43660.13362.90164.04861.87362.02960.68760.02958.64757.91458.28862.56963.29162.21562.65661.50260.25059.16057.87856.78956.82455.65863.88864.33964.42965.60865.38066.24064.22563.89762.39961.92860.13759.69064.29164.79663.87365.25363.18164.29965.19262.06162.24260.90259.75559.91960.62458.45758.63557.08555.919  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 17.3819.2416.4416.9019.0221.2523.8425.3123.6023.1926.7916.0317.6216.4516.4517.3019.6621.2621.0222.3116.0216.2816.6316.7817.2117.1516.9914.1514.4213.4415.5017.4717.8517.4519.2119.9821.8121.0723.1023.7824.5424.3423.1024.6227.0727.0327.4227.9326.7627.0728.1928.2826.6926.4626.3525.4026.6720.0020.0020.00     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  491049114912491349144915491649174918491949204921492249234924492549264927492849294930493149324933493449354936493749384939494049414942494349444945494649474948494949504951495249534954495549564957495849594960496149624963496449654966496749684969  NCACBSGCONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACOCBCGCDCENZNCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCONCACBOGCONCACBCG1CG2CONCA CYSCYSCYSCYSCYSCYSASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRALAALAALAALAALASERSERSERSERSERSERVALVALVALVALVALVALVALGLUGLU BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 432432432432432432433433433433433433433433434434434434434434434434434435435435435435435435435435435436436436436436436436437437437437437438438438438438438439439439439439439439440440     65.07665.28864.08862.52866.53466.97267.10768.28669.40868.94667.85369.68367.89566.71168.89168.64967.94367.33169.96770.74471.90772.68473.82668.01667.39268.23669.69170.43670.55771.77271.72665.96565.18965.61564.28464.38765.05963.00463.38062.15563.98163.21964.17162.20862.38961.14060.08258.73958.79060.01659.08461.01461.10462.28062.36363.57859.83759.34959.31158.103    11.58710.1519.3979.6429.79710.5658.6358.1617.8096.8826.2926.7376.9316.6216.2295.0433.9123.0434.4825.4524.7625.7315.0683.9252.8742.5742.3561.2243.3882.9031.5933.1952.2904.4754.8745.9215.3406.3895.4315.3955.9356.5157.0295.5544.3346.1265.3655.6165.2695.8606.5685.4845.9105.2165.6795.5345.6846.6014.4654.143  59.27359.34958.76859.64258.55057.69058.84858.14059.12460.23660.11161.23357.33057.19356.80155.99056.73756.11555.45554.58153.88953.01552.33158.06558.86360.11059.82859.80759.53759.35159.50959.30859.60959.34759.79360.93062.05461.36158.69658.81957.62556.52255.45055.89955.92555.34654.68455.36856.74153.24352.86352.45151.06050.35248.90751.08150.24049.57750.27749.526  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  26.2828.6931.6536.5426.4326.5025.6424.4326.0527.5528.8730.5225.3724.4024.8625.5325.7026.0326.6720.0020.0020.0020.0024.9925.1124.5325.9925.6526.9527.0528.5325.4226.1625.1326.2226.9529.2827.8225.3626.6724.3023.3922.0925.0525.8524.3324.4724.8030.2122.5823.9221.5821.4821.9721.6122.6521.3721.0921.3321.00     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  497049714972497349744975497649774978497949804981498249834984498549864987498849894990499149924993499449954996499749984999500050015002500350045005500650075008500950105011501250135014501550165017501850195020502150225023502450255026502750285029  CBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGCDCENZCONCACBOGCONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACBCG1CG2CONCACONCACBCGCD1CD2CE1CE2CZCONCACBCG2CG1CD1C GLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLULYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSSERSERSERSERSERSERGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNVALVALVALVALVALVALVALGLYGLYGLYGLYPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEILEILEILEILEILEILEILE BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 440440440440440440440441441441441441441441441441442442442442442442443443443443443443443443443444444444444444444444445445445445446446446446446446446446446446446447447447447447447447   57.70758.73259.99359.88661.09156.93456.28356.66855.57255.50254.24154.12952.83652.66755.71454.72156.94357.16258.57558.70656.91656.38157.29557.07057.81259.30959.66059.26760.39855.58155.10454.83853.40552.74551.23253.25652.76151.89753.19152.64052.97752.13154.23154.72856.19956.81756.77257.49457.39558.11958.06753.87853.49753.56652.75852.79351.76754.19854.30651.298    2.6791.6471.6631.8131.5125.0345.6495.0945.8945.7386.3015.8446.3205.7747.3678.0357.8739.2739.7139.8059.53710.5808.5978.7947.7407.9689.3589.75510.1078.7559.4977.8977.8316.6456.7285.3269.1359.6759.64210.89212.03212.86912.05913.07012.75913.65415.03213.10815.85113.92015.29413.06214.11711.86611.71510.25310.0599.9198.55612.122  49.74449.29850.13851.37549.56049.93249.08451.23251.75853.28153.92055.36756.00957.38751.38051.09251.37251.02151.40052.80849.54349.17948.68447.25946.43446.37545.87444.77646.68246.94646.09447.63647.39048.12947.98647.55447.84847.16649.00149.49648.55048.23148.11047.18146.86245.82345.95044.74345.01643.80843.94845.90945.39345.41744.20943.68942.57343.19042.54944.410  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 21.4025.7326.7228.6430.1919.7020.0020.7820.8722.0024.3025.4927.9529.4820.9221.6821.0921.2922.1827.1119.4120.2419.7119.4719.2319.8820.0620.3923.7319.0619.5818.3117.9418.3819.9619.9616.9818.0317.6418.5718.6120.4419.2818.5919.2920.7821.4920.8219.1222.0120.8117.6418.6317.7217.8417.2817.5416.8719.4918.44     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  503050315032503350345035503650375038503950405041504250435044504550465047504850495050505150525053505450555056505750585059506050615062506350645065506650675068506950705071507250735074507550765077507850795080508150825083508450855086508750885089  ONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCGCD1CE1CD2CE2CZOHCONCACBCG2CG1CD1CONCACBCG1CG2CONCACBCGCD2ND1CE1NE2CONCDCACBCGCONCACBCGCD1CD2C ILEASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILEVALVALVALVALVALVALVALHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISPROPROPROPROPROPROPROLEULEULEULEULEULEULEU BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 447448448448448448448448448449449449449449449449449449449449449450450450450450450450450451451451451451451451452452452452452452452452452452453453453453453453453454454454454454454454     50.72250.69749.30048.75748.71048.70548.65749.07248.05650.02349.90750.63750.54051.67951.60949.32249.24150.38850.31050.42149.86551.46052.06553.53254.17853.59052.85752.07651.50552.74152.89553.87454.18255.15151.63251.43750.77249.56148.81847.73247.75946.44145.71846.49448.62448.11748.37348.73947.48347.51947.69547.99747.22649.31349.92951.41052.20051.58453.65349.797   12.82211.68612.01511.1809.6959.3148.90513.48514.06914.07915.46315.60516.95817.72318.93217.44318.65119.38920.58216.50917.60116.16917.12417.39718.35117.95219.25616.76617.47315.66515.24214.06413.74614.41714.90515.41914.05413.69412.56211.94810.92112.42711.72310.80414.87915.04415.71515.58416.86517.57216.43517.76018.26717.94518.77118.97919.79121.17619.88418.146  43.57845.51145.77446.93646.63145.44047.60046.10545.72546.81247.25248.59449.27349.50450.18049.73250.40750.63051.31446.26946.18345.51444.59445.00544.02246.43146.61443.11142.28442.78541.40641.32539.87542.07740.62339.52341.17040.44241.15540.32839.44440.31839.46438.92040.19739.09241.21842.63941.01242.36243.32039.88139.06439.83938.81239.12838.10337.94938.55837.429  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  19.2119.9720.9122.7625.3727.3828.3121.8323.1421.0821.1822.0824.8525.3325.5525.7326.0126.9930.6719.8419.9018.9718.6019.7219.6521.7424.0417.2018.0816.4416.4515.8217.6814.6916.2317.3817.0917.7520.2022.1823.5424.4524.3224.6016.7517.6817.2117.6617.7918.2819.3917.1919.3517.5417.6818.1118.1519.0619.5117.12     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  509050915092509350945095509650975098509951005101510251035104510551065107510851095110511151125113511451155116511751185119512051215122512351245125512651275128512951305131513251335134513551365137513851395140514151425143514451455146514751485149  ONCACBCGCD2CE2CE3CD1NE1CZ2CZ3CH2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCGCD2CE2CE3CD1NE1CZ2CZ3CH2CONCACBCONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCA LEUTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPALAALAALAALAALAASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPLEULEU BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 454455455455455455455455455455455455455455455456456456456456456456456456457457457457457457457458458458458458458458458458458458458458458459459459459459460460460460460460460460461461     49.31850.22550.16250.98452.45253.10754.47052.67353.41754.63455.40053.59954.94748.74948.51147.81346.43245.58644.14643.37143.17242.96345.90745.17946.30045.88246.19545.60945.62946.56645.94747.84248.55750.04550.82551.38451.97851.43751.09751.79052.61952.07852.65847.94947.79547.59546.99746.73245.69945.38844.94743.68742.94942.19341.72942.05243.93643.20744.97245.322  18.78416.89516.23114.94015.19815.43215.67215.46215.30415.58915.93815.72615.96015.95215.89115.78615.53015.21214.84914.43915.29313.26016.78416.71617.93319.21820.33420.00121.66019.50620.04519.14619.36319.04519.17620.37820.04021.70918.18718.69720.98122.64722.27518.47518.89617.25016.31214.98016.88716.71317.57618.18718.75417.69117.98116.56619.30019.44120.09221.199  36.49237.29836.00636.02435.82034.56934.84533.23936.78336.20333.84032.24432.55135.51534.31036.44336.05537.28836.97438.21239.10438.29435.37534.38035.91735.38736.39137.65535.91634.05433.13933.94032.69232.86531.59031.04529.81331.47730.69229.62329.00830.67129.45231.60430.45431.97731.03331.71330.47729.29931.32830.91332.12732.89734.02032.37229.90428.92030.15729.284  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  17.3717.1717.9218.1918.5318.7418.3219.3519.2718.3318.0119.4019.9417.2316.4718.3319.1120.8925.4127.7930.7929.7719.6620.6719.0019.6820.5820.8420.7718.5519.1416.8516.6116.4217.2817.0217.5118.2117.6317.3818.1018.6616.5517.3418.3819.0619.7920.6920.5121.5221.0522.2224.2827.8431.0629.3621.9124.0121.2020.14     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  515051515152515351545155515651575158515951605161516251635164516551665167516851695170517151725173517451755176517751785179518051815182518351845185518651875188518951905191519251935194519551965197519851995200520152025203520452055206520752085209  CBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCG1CG2CONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCDCACBCGCONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACBCGOD1OD2CON LEULEULEULEULEULEUVALVALVALVALVALVALVALGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNPROPROPROPROPROPROPROASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPALAALAALAALAALAGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPILE BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 461461461461461461462462462462462462462463463463463463463463463463464464464464464464464465465465465465465465465466466466466466467467467467467467467467467468468468468468468468468469     46.50946.95345.86348.26045.66845.24346.43246.86648.40749.08448.83546.25246.76045.16044.52643.18942.19740.89940.20740.56144.31843.95444.53844.05244.95644.08844.19646.44046.86647.22248.64649.22648.46948.28148.06449.50650.66548.95649.72749.82749.15849.63648.14447.54346.37945.56345.15444.48845.55648.54248.47349.47350.46851.31350.47249.74550.53351.36551.75351.694  21.97023.20624.26523.73920.75521.38219.67119.16819.00620.32517.92917.82617.15517.43716.15416.03717.13216.96115.95017.94815.90016.80314.65114.13613.54112.40612.61913.21012.08914.19314.01015.28115.71114.87116.89113.60113.23013.66313.29714.49512.09911.74911.45310.3129.7558.7209.20610.2328.4699.1968.5758.9497.9017.7327.3886.3728.1368.2137.3189.488  29.87229.09029.16429.66327.86326.89227.74526.44326.40926.75327.39926.04425.14426.69626.40427.14126.82727.58927.44028.41624.91624.16424.47823.18425.34124.83823.34825.18825.46624.75424.51523.88522.63721.72822.56125.71125.53426.91928.10329.04628.85129.92728.28628.96328.14228.90230.28430.42431.31329.27330.33228.35828.56127.30026.08626.13625.08429.75630.50729.924  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  19.5819.2418.6420.4919.8820.2619.9320.0619.8217.5117.1721.2222.3622.1122.7924.1025.1528.0629.8329.2523.3523.6223.0022.8223.3722.0523.7922.9624.8123.5522.8424.3627.2728.5427.9522.8224.1822.4021.5421.4420.9021.0422.0222.4323.2424.4125.3428.9527.4121.7522.5621.4521.3423.9527.1829.1732.0521.1122.0120.48     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  521052115212521352145215521652175218521952205221522252235224522552265227522852295230523152325233523452355236523752385239524052415242524352445245524652475248524952505251525252535254525552565257525852595260526152625263526452655266526752685269  CACBCG2CG1CD1CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCGOD1 ILEILEILEILEILEILEILELEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASNASNASNASNASN BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 469469469469469469469470470470470470470470470471471471471471471471471472472472472472472472473473473473473473473473474474474474474474474474474475475475475475475475475476476476476476     52.53252.95453.72553.82354.26751.76152.32850.46449.62648.23147.95546.47148.35349.48649.55249.28649.14648.96147.65846.66647.62350.38550.28451.55452.81654.02153.98155.32652.89553.29852.51052.53452.00651.94853.32751.45751.68252.09750.49149.59048.21047.46345.99645.69645.14050.14550.02050.76351.34751.85352.25551.41253.40952.50152.61153.35954.48955.43956.18356.257     9.91211.39211.85411.54612.9729.7219.30010.0219.85510.44611.84712.15711.9238.3858.0287.5346.1035.3315.6655.9825.5925.5854.8375.9855.5676.1275.6535.6896.0605.3207.3157.8969.33310.07410.07711.4987.0636.7656.6865.8895.8027.1266.9686.4547.3594.4913.9583.9072.5772.0840.623-0.2150.3092.5981.7203.6083.7154.8264.4743.305  31.03430.87332.09529.62329.34632.33933.34832.31633.50033.27633.81933.67135.28833.87135.04632.86733.11631.80431.10331.79429.85433.83034.80533.33933.93933.15831.80533.81135.38236.28235.59936.93736.90438.24538.88838.02237.88739.00637.43238.24937.59237.56937.21436.11438.03938.49739.59937.47537.60236.24636.27636.66635.90838.60339.45238.50739.42438.97637.70537.318  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 20.2919.9521.5221.7720.4019.5620.5820.0320.5922.3123.8723.6222.4120.5220.8121.2921.3323.7426.6328.1729.6621.1320.9019.5818.7919.8220.9520.6718.3318.9118.1218.3919.3617.6316.4518.8518.4317.7018.9319.8521.2724.0228.8030.3132.1819.1719.5718.8219.2621.2025.5928.3928.3618.3419.2317.4416.6817.9019.4120.94     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   527052715272527352745275527652775278527952805281528252835284528552865287528852895290529152925293529452955296529752985299530053015302530353045305530653075308530953105311531253135314531553165317531853195320532153225323532453255326532753285329  ND2CONCACBCGCDNECZNH1NH2CONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBCGCD2CE2CE3CD1NE1CZ2CZ3CH2CONCACBCGCD1CE1CD2CE2CZOHCONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACB  ASNASNASNARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNSERSERSER BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 476476476477477477477477477477477477477477478478478478478478478478479479479479479479479479479479479479479479480480480480480480480480480480480480481481481481481481481481481482482482     56.75854.02054.63252.92852.37051.19150.63149.60448.94848.09047.78147.54851.92652.17051.29450.83649.93048.59448.08048.01551.99751.91053.08554.23655.27054.86054.67454.24954.82454.55154.18353.97154.54854.12654.85355.16055.02055.60155.91257.34658.37259.69057.67758.98859.99061.29654.69355.16753.38952.46351.02849.98948.75648.82147.62252.52052.41752.70352.76552.754     5.4813.9743.5154.7155.0135.9736.5465.6276.2605.6424.3706.2943.6963.4562.8351.5420.8471.5462.1531.4450.621-0.1650.706-0.134-0.047-0.817-2.235-2.510-3.299-0.306-1.315-3.805-4.585-4.8250.286-0.5561.5882.0463.5453.8433.7323.9674.1984.4314.3144.5351.7441.3251.9381.6722.0341.6872.5643.7661.9690.216-0.073-0.697-2.118-2.958  37.05740.84841.80940.97842.28342.11943.40444.02845.16945.97245.75846.99242.92444.10742.13042.63241.61041.44742.38640.25642.98243.92742.22342.50941.38240.16040.06138.74540.95938.93338.07738.30340.51739.20043.83644.67744.04245.29645.23444.84945.77745.42143.54943.18444.11943.74046.48647.54046.32147.41547.00948.07148.00148.26647.64647.87249.06646.92647.25045.970  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 18.8816.3317.7217.4518.8019.3122.8824.4726.0326.0325.8227.1219.2820.6919.4919.6120.3121.5425.0223.7319.7520.2618.7618.4819.7824.0024.7225.3825.8724.7325.3026.2327.1525.7617.4518.4517.9818.4719.0220.8622.0622.5322.1423.1821.7025.7618.7018.7718.5219.4219.9723.8827.9930.9730.6318.5620.4419.5119.4220.18     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  533053315332533353345335533653375338533953405341534253435344534553465347534853495350535153525353535453555356535753585359536053615362536353645365536653675368536953705371537253735374537553765377537853795380538153825383538453855386538753885389  OGCONCACBCGSDCECONCACBCG2CG1CD1CONCDCACBCGCONCACOCBCGCDOE1NE2NCACONCACOCBCGCD1CD2NCACBCGSDCECONCACOCB  SERSERSERMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILEPROPROPROPROPROPROPROGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLYGLYGLYGLYLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETGLUGLUGLUGLUGLU BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 482482482483483483483483483483483484484484484484484484484485485485485485485485500500500500500500500500500501501501501502502502502502502502502503503503503503503503503504504504504504     53.96254.00954.07454.99356.23557.42557.62657.80259.28356.26257.27955.14655.08553.91953.76054.17853.06254.93153.94855.91057.11055.90357.02458.00254.56454.08661.98761.21761.59162.74461.53360.47560.66161.47160.00360.60860.84860.92260.74961.21361.28359.92259.80661.59962.10562.89262.94658.87357.56156.48455.16455.35255.17657.30556.89557.55157.34658.30657.92457.467   -2.814-2.449-3.491-1.553-1.779-1.272-1.986-3.775-3.873-1.134-1.173-0.5440.0951.0951.6172.2453.260-0.935-1.674-0.995-0.141-1.934-1.406-0.885-1.989-3.06712.71413.36412.82412.92714.85615.75117.22217.58618.23512.25311.70212.76113.95012.39913.39314.01515.18512.77913.66514.84712.86013.35813.96812.88313.34813.90215.66314.92816.07114.45415.26616.45117.55814.421  45.24548.06248.70548.04148.77047.95046.62546.80547.78750.15150.84150.56151.86651.93353.35450.96050.90352.97853.01853.89953.94255.02655.91554.92355.75356.11361.05059.98558.60558.18159.94460.55860.21159.36060.76157.91056.58855.50555.78054.24153.15352.90252.51851.78650.63351.17249.65053.25553.12353.10052.52350.81951.00754.27854.07155.49756.69156.72657.10857.969  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 22.4019.3420.3519.6621.3323.3325.9627.9428.5521.4022.4421.2222.5620.7321.5021.8021.0624.1324.8124.7324.0925.6024.5724.7926.4028.4128.0827.4528.0927.4527.2320.0020.0020.0020.0026.9026.6627.8728.7626.6226.5427.1628.6725.1320.0020.0020.0026.9727.0427.9829.3931.6630.7926.0527.1325.9925.5625.6726.2025.55     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  539053915392539353945395539653975398539954005401540254035404540554065407540854095410541154125413541454155416541754185419542054215422542354245425542654275428542954305431543254335434543554365437543854395440544154425443544454455446544754485449  CGCDOE1OE2NCACOCBCGCDCENZNCACBCGCD1CD2CE1CE2CZCONCACOCBCGCDOE1NE2ZNMGOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOZNMGOOOOOO GLUGLUGLUGLULYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNZNMGHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHZNMGHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOH BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABBBBBBBB 504504504504505505505505505505505505505506506506506506506506506506506506507507507507507507507507507100110021003100410051006100710081009101010111012101310141015101610171018101910011002100310041005100610071008     56.32556.22156.84855.51359.55460.55360.13260.19261.93863.06964.42465.52965.14259.70359.25558.76558.03758.69156.69258.01656.00656.66958.11958.16157.10055.95056.39956.05754.89254.35953.31352.97752.67162.42163.42964.84463.63761.83263.18761.90661.65359.51956.66763.77065.31262.33565.06355.71159.94262.05563.34561.43965.31665.56366.62365.39763.70965.67066.09764.405 13.44412.88313.45511.87216.21617.27718.34019.53416.70517.70717.02017.95618.72117.89818.81718.04418.90019.93118.69420.74219.50220.52719.67320.90219.01319.70820.62621.82818.70617.81216.83216.81415.93057.29054.32553.27152.75253.11255.81955.33758.02059.74761.92054.98958.25852.42759.38664.30353.32923.10156.57154.98720.84223.67924.88325.48824.37921.99822.51022.384  58.16859.57260.48759.75656.33456.32155.31855.60856.01856.16656.13256.58957.80554.13853.09951.87450.87550.21750.61849.32149.72149.07253.64053.56954.18154.74355.87855.83555.20554.09954.59455.77853.86448.97446.97045.63548.55546.10345.25148.08547.02347.24648.37642.90739.95140.11937.63843.27943.35845.36141.01939.71039.70842.14243.61840.80443.06943.59446.08040.832 1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 20.0020.0020.0020.0025.0425.7326.0526.6225.4620.0020.0020.0020.0025.2125.8324.3123.8426.0625.5225.4125.4326.1626.2927.7926.9328.0629.4529.6426.7120.0020.0020.0020.0014.3315.219.9510.7412.2611.4911.7410.2611.9016.9517.8621.4619.3224.8825.9426.5129.2926.0728.5511.8114.159.1410.5012.1412.4415.8111.54     BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABBBBBBBB
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子 545054515452545354545455545654575458545954605461546254635464546554665467546854695470547154725473547454755476547754785479548054815482548354845485548654875488548954905491549254935494549554965497549854995500550155025503550455055506550755085509 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO HOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOH BBWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW 1009101012345678910111213141516171920212223242526272829303132333435363739404142434445464748495051525354555659606162 64.84363.13661.21777.27973.10959.02565.85085.79874.91466.30671.19371.94764.55478.04873.30157.45782.92584.50560.70662.38284.25663.58761.46581.34180.98365.87376.15073.02860.94081.16560.11260.17584.52161.52175.49863.97681.20063.18468.64164.45471.08766.03857.39737.81559.24681.07879.31663.51772.58048.46568.99963.40864.04063.25162.82157.26257.04365.52663.27258.704 19.67217.56663.88717.55963.62367.77014.33630.50621.44165.86913.44058.84910.57932.85834.61664.79755.04929.56966.44512.86322.72546.23351.54954.22236.64712.73933.87448.78414.88461.42437.96268.94454.37724.31862.75930.41647.24141.98139.69137.64741.62210.11632.66825.29055.89747.99719.11741.19437.73159.43543.09641.38241.97939.78539.86436.21210.56845.56424.6348.001 41.52941.05650.58737.85350.24253.97637.27928.43041.79648.33739.19446.82833.27918.72419.76852.61258.86030.76957.10334.96131.26339.94037.40772.43526.93530.26320.33670.79039.44557.51835.16356.10060.98117.53051.41750.26555.61918.14954.05847.15449.46730.99738.42922.27871.40263.42636.85133.56172.09460.81049.93646.41531.00648.55469.16124.68924.06120.04252.07761.144 1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 11.6616.3711.3113.7112.3213.8113.6214.9812.5817.5715.2213.0116.5117.6115.5314.6217.5512.7914.6218.7119.8716.5817.9118.0616.1915.2517.6922.1220.3019.0820.8317.1222.1218.8518.7317.1019.5622.0419.2023.7219.1617.3024.8323.5720.7222.6020.8422.9724.6021.1522.5921.8721.7121.6123.9524.4524.2925.2419.8933.82 BBWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
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原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   569156925693569456955696569756985699570057015702570357045705570657075708570957105711571257135714571557165717571857195720572157225723572457255726572757285729573057315732573357345735573657375738573957405741574257435744574557465747574857495750  OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO  HOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOH WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW 249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295297298299300301302303304305306307308309310     57.07042.62954.15785.09651.72345.30564.50341.66775.41343.38147.69543.62167.80447.86642.80441.44465.59174.40667.47277.50875.31165.22973.28078.26860.73454.56874.61159.38869.46374.51242.57964.82745.80871.56541.77087.29381.32169.84660.96458.95062.40761.79675.26844.51576.68264.25877.20642.05868.97656.20971.70556.44042.27364.19969.07268.91976.90276.91378.76674.360   51.22664.16963.72616.63310.80865.49652.81953.86412.10414.77773.98719.31044.30630.67019.14674.10145.63064.62846.63238.58726.94837.82039.87859.66253.54954.01342.68575.80667.9849.72057.94721.47325.8432.92652.50526.26233.76712.1488.94861.83056.36548.4355.71423.74126.4132.39710.07161.92433.49324.4567.43362.05138.83449.44445.61035.61415.45923.88255.55354.202  72.66050.08566.93718.80826.93263.96878.23567.15437.94633.51850.49524.16730.23920.34237.48441.89729.63532.17075.42828.10955.18756.57115.71248.05871.83867.97955.68840.92833.82454.38367.28654.78714.46432.66456.62619.87621.27560.34849.10751.40130.76675.76914.22642.98545.95456.68218.41543.81557.38221.19956.47667.23766.80820.00919.58856.07353.86652.94146.22735.783  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 30.3928.0927.2031.7828.3931.3030.6931.9927.1629.0828.8234.3131.1027.7130.7028.9233.7131.4728.2830.0430.8330.9330.1029.5727.0327.8328.1933.1332.4531.4132.1928.9329.2131.8932.4528.0632.2330.7329.2130.8130.1929.5531.5528.6930.4530.1330.0931.2033.7128.5231.6129.2134.4433.9928.2032.6628.5533.4530.1831.72     WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  575157525753575457555756575757585759576057615762576357645765576657675768576957705771577257735774577557765777577857795780578157825783578457855786578757885789579057915792579357945795579657975798579958005801580258035804580558065807580858095810   OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO  HOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOH WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW 311312313314315316318319320322323324325326327329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365367368369370371372373374     56.52444.67671.88476.91663.11064.67574.55669.37065.57673.49853.62275.38184.90056.20445.24455.37874.38579.01745.28084.52871.27564.00675.64275.21342.19146.14355.09249.66439.30358.26151.16787.94259.59538.41970.82467.57654.09560.49450.46544.23272.87478.30562.54779.09843.17682.82681.93361.12760.74557.54256.61455.27645.98367.59459.45661.35862.48161.54474.10661.083  46.90170.41610.47812.01858.89572.38039.93330.91348.55311.63835.46860.00863.35126.59448.43756.01924.99226.23071.14260.4866.61462.99350.2567.24820.70813.14350.39254.65368.11328.20631.54836.55844.42723.8119.7684.44428.20934.637-1.15231.26777.77666.38524.71528.80063.54134.24849.40246.02738.40060.90162.11260.79265.57637.79436.8139.15921.38840.22956.45757.738   35.25558.33557.40445.91131.41946.74325.10361.99726.31960.63919.54541.28168.62817.46444.47669.61164.65244.97656.00669.65749.96775.54969.89734.07935.46243.91847.08376.26243.83416.83840.96920.15238.73624.45916.72921.53750.42645.38250.66940.81755.44649.37013.82745.02837.36535.76853.99272.25839.80343.86141.75739.85635.80655.50837.55053.94442.96835.17837.06842.924  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 34.1634.2131.3028.7332.6431.3028.3531.4830.0332.0630.3931.7231.5531.3928.9728.0629.2729.1328.8231.9930.9533.1127.4631.0627.8330.2526.2032.6530.5533.3134.1432.6333.7829.9827.8831.4829.8432.3533.3433.8630.8433.7731.1432.5728.9938.4121.6822.1424.6638.7626.8829.7431.8829.5828.7121.5633.2325.9942.2039.67     WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   581158125813581458155816581758185819582058215822582358245825582658275828582958305831583258335834583558365837583858395840584158425843584458455846584758485849585058515852585358545855585658575858585958605861586258635864586558665867586858695870  OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO   HOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOH   375376377378379380381382383384385386387388390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435     82.32162.68677.12675.22355.18159.12055.21166.46241.13848.46478.08280.92588.99172.27378.04555.10855.44081.52256.56356.74876.31563.25748.67368.39874.51048.69173.07968.93564.17675.82768.99663.28958.66166.65650.36979.27062.79081.27440.49045.27885.98759.37758.46751.70071.15183.58662.82967.87050.55865.62678.35061.85275.18381.08080.16655.68258.16573.70357.67142.003   55.12426.83957.68330.51662.32380.63726.15539.64854.77968.34067.63735.37428.1403.70014.9487.96367.25646.29538.91755.49745.72639.17173.27549.98142.39966.09566.52136.92018.82114.86242.64571.64224.82136.00171.55649.4758.54151.64222.82659.27213.18557.53865.15670.82766.52819.76561.88819.50340.11432.88934.22657.6399.11313.59112.03141.6276.30441.27339.23127.364  69.12217.59175.24813.21137.64643.11919.74346.45264.33258.36868.07123.43220.32635.07537.55228.28138.09167.73624.51072.25748.52171.75754.70725.03568.88360.58449.99158.41746.56936.05428.37138.96516.77414.87330.93068.96930.28251.63935.75137.80021.43373.83628.61157.92752.08437.43131.16866.63924.99760.67840.47525.62736.15719.97639.21030.12529.53850.59134.91440.674  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 31.8329.7231.2533.9338.6144.8543.0828.5344.6535.1336.9933.7435.1431.9233.9733.2438.5238.8837.3428.7337.1435.4935.4729.9341.7837.2835.5634.5331.4641.4834.4741.3033.6636.9537.9532.6835.6939.1833.6346.3145.5635.6240.7939.1128.4045.6639.0738.5339.9636.6343.3135.6233.7735.6144.4735.5041.9139.4638.3641.11
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  587158725873587458755876587758785879588058815882588358845885588658875888588958905891589258935894589558965897589858995900590159025903590459055906590759085909591059115912591359145916591759185919592059215922592359245925592659275928592959305931  OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO  HOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOH  436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496     78.73351.66464.72580.74163.63465.95141.54879.37336.74474.77368.85180.06857.51958.88761.10365.16154.32167.51061.65868.91553.55977.67260.68942.68355.48278.98662.69075.06176.83257.53544.03754.62171.16177.35949.76676.56938.16077.85844.09878.19948.22662.03058.75371.19466.41276.90638.76273.87572.80654.21754.32063.69270.34771.37378.74861.76247.61983.81685.18742.784   40.59475.96027.31844.14168.99518.19454.46713.86449.94264.84842.85947.50140.18442.26141.20771.59463.3801.51138.0482.89756.77752.14560.35346.13523.88629.54944.35438.78130.11835.32453.13010.0026.74332.8995.51127.25668.86071.39545.70252.1102.44349.80720.05614.4862.54312.20422.3476.24663.18552.04021.53722.05741.72937.71061.36520.98152.31859.30614.33848.557   56.23556.96015.78754.51369.74212.94348.21555.73259.32253.37652.86775.13458.30447.87519.43736.94869.88141.61352.75033.22928.75348.83325.31363.66251.30940.99330.69629.13747.17938.96243.51726.20440.38314.74451.10848.64157.42766.71443.29245.47335.32829.56458.92463.80429.26443.11929.39438.33434.29171.83519.77214.00431.56564.72975.32057.35934.53371.91816.92545.621  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 35.9645.8732.6843.6739.8840.8137.4537.4040.3534.8934.7246.7240.1333.0537.8538.6839.0646.4636.5145.1745.8242.5747.8746.1940.0144.5837.4032.5646.4444.4942.3738.8038.2139.3238.9347.0645.0341.3639.5539.9538.5642.7440.9342.5942.4937.0744.9041.9636.4338.8739.6742.0945.0543.3947.2546.0841.6042.7742.0940.70
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子结束   5932593359345935593659375938593959405941   OOOOOOOOOO   HOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOH   497498499500501502503504505506     51.70949.60584.43158.26262.80738.99259.65160.00874.21650.037   36.64627.71237.64240.03441.24949.32845.16176.32241.16663.427   63.29916.62228.17967.33015.51853.01646.82244.32413.59463.232   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  33.3040.7531.2140.8544.7840.0044.7647.5146.7544.82
                                表2
评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述     3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333 精修程序    :REFMAC 5.1.25作者    :MURSHUDOV,VAGIN,DODSON精修目标:最大似然精修中应用的数据分辨范围高值(埃):  2.23分辨范围低值(埃):  70.71数据截留值(DATA CUTOFF)(SIGMA(F))      :无范围完备性(COMPLETENESS FOR RANGE)(%) :98.27反射数目(NUMBER OF REFLECTIONS)        :40941与精修中应用的数据拟合.交叉确认方法(CROSS-VALIDATION METHOD)  :全部自由R值试验设置选择                    :随机R值    (工作+试验设置)                 :0.30246R值    (工作设置)                      :0.30142自由R值                                :0.32189自由R值试验设置大小    (%)            :5.1自由R值试验设置数                      :2179以最高分辨率BIN拟合应用的BIN的总数          :  20BIN分辨率范围高值        :  2.230BIN分辨率范围低值        :  2.288BIN中的反射(工作设置)    :  3001BIN R值    (工作设置)    :  0.475BIN游离R值设置数         :  149BIN游离R值               :  0.486精修中应用的非氢原子数目.所有原子    :    5343B值.从WILSON作图    (A**2)   :NULL平均B值    (总的,A**2)  :47.019总的各向异性B值.B11(A**2):    -4.03B22(A**2):    -2.48B33(A**2):    6.51B12(A**2):    0.00B13(A**2):    0.00B23(A**2):    0.00估计的总的坐标错误.基于R值的ESU          (A):0.359基于游离R值的ESU      (A):0.265基于最大似然的ESU     (A):0.218基于最大似然的B值的ESU(A**2): 9.431相关系数.相关系数FO-FC      :  0.931相关系数FO-FC自由的:  0.920
评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述评述  333333333333333333333333333333333333333333.3 从理想值的RMS偏离                           数目   RMS     重量键长精修原子                        (A):   5389; 0.006; 0.021键长其它                            (A):   4782; 0.002; 0.020键角精修原子                        (度):  7301; 1.037; 1.951键角其它                            (度):  11132;0.988; 3.000扭角,PERIOD 1                      (度):  642;  2.239; 5.000手性中心约束                        (A**3):825;  0.065; 0.200大体平面(GENERAL PLANES)精修原子    (A):   5946; 0.006; 0.020大体平面其它                        (A):   1066; 0.003; 0.020非键接接触精修原子                  (A):   1349; 0.175; 0.200非键接接触其它                      (A):   5413; 0.194; 0.200非键接扭距其它                      (A):   3010; 0.094; 0.200H-键(X...Y)精修原子                 (A):   131;  0.196; 0.200潜在的金属离子精修原子              (A):   9;    0.240; 0.200对称VDW精修原子                     (A):   10;   0.130; 0.200对称VDW其它                         (A):   36;   0.243; 0.200对称H-键精修原子                    (A):   3;    0.112; 0.200同向热因子约束.             数目  RMS    重量主链键精修原子    (A**2):  3228;0.391;1.500主链角精修原子    (A**2):  5232;0.751;2.000侧链键精修原子    (A**2):  2161;0.989;3.000侧链角精修原子    (A**2):  2069;1.689;4.500NCS约束统计学NCS组数:0TLS细节TLS组数:0大体积溶剂模建.应用的方法:应用MASK的BABINET模型MASK计算的参数VDW探针半径    :  1.40离子探针半径   :  0.80SHRINKAGE半径  :  0.80其它精修评述:氢已经加入骑跨(RIDING)部位
CISPEP    1 GLN A   463     PRO A 464                    0.00CISPEP    2 GLN C   463     PRO C 464                    0.00CRYST1    89.282    93.946  105.658  90.00  90.00  90.00 P 21 21 21SCALE1    0.011200  0.000000  0.000000  0.00000SCALE2    0.000000  0.010644  0.000000  0.00000SCALE3    0.000000  0.000000  0.009464  0.00000
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   135811121314151820   NCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCA GLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUASPASP AAAAAAAAAAA 163163163163163163163163163164164     -16.830-18.255-18.346-17.798-18.050-19.232-17.069-18.957-18.363-20.222-21.047  18.87819.00619.68418.87019.53719.76619.83217.64116.63117.63016.416  8.0717.6526.2765.1123.7733.4373.0577.6558.0357.2377.217 1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 61.0660.9961.2061.7162.2562.4762.5560.6560.6360.2559.90     NCCCCOOCCNC
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原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  249624992500250125022503250425062508251025132517252125222523252525272530253125332535253725392541254225432545254725502553255425582559256025622564256725682569257225732574257625782581258325872591259225932595259725992601260526062607260926112614   CBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCG1CD1CG2CONCACBCGCD1CE1CZCE2CD2CONCACBCGSDCECONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCG  ASPASPASPASPASPASPILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRLYSLYSLYSLYS AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 321321321321321321322322322322322322322322323323323323323323323323323323323324324324324324324324324325325325325325325325325326326326326326326326326327327327327327327327328328328328     10.56411.30210.73512.4708.2468.0217.5296.4135.4556.2045.3014.7186.8806.1188.1308.7099.5408.8217.5046.8497.5048.8139.4689.58410.4889.29710.0679.54410.3269.79811.26910.02711.0618.8278.6257.2407.0958.0485.9028.8528.4889.4409.8129.9548.8158.9217.45811.17311.87711.54912.87612.95811.83914.17113.86513.46015.15216.16617.53918.290   16.09114.79913.69914.79515.17015.38214.32313.56913.04912.23411.33614.21112.41711.93811.98610.9039.9729.5089.0648.6368.6469.0829.50811.43410.74112.65213.29814.72215.53117.25718.10212.53312.30512.13811.44011.78213.26513.91413.8059.9269.2439.3977.9857.4747.6206.5327.5817.8848.8896.6836.4615.0914.9215.0266.4886.3516.6646.6597.0978.017   16.77417.10416.94017.54616.53117.72615.79916.36915.25914.19913.39314.60617.27018.10517.10017.90117.00415.75615.81314.66813.45213.37714.52619.05019.51819.51020.57420.79921.83021.91621.25521.89722.52422.30823.57624.13724.46024.89624.24423.56224.51822.49022.44421.00519.99118.92420.65723.11923.23723.55424.13424.85725.73525.79322.97621.82523.26422.20522.73421.776   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 61.7261.4661.1061.0161.2661.2660.5059.9559.7659.2258.8959.6159.7059.4659.4759.3559.2458.8558.4158.2258.1358.1858.4159.4059.4059.4559.5859.7260.5162.2262.2159.4259.2959.3359.2459.2359.2259.3758.9759.2159.2159.2259.2459.1558.8858.5158.6659.4259.4559.6459.8659.8860.1260.1559.9559.9260.0960.1460.2660.89     CCOOCONCCCCCCONCCCCCCCCCONCCCSCCONCCCONCONCCCCCCONCCOCCONCCC
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原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  512951305132513451375139514051415143514551485151515251565157515851605162516451675171517551765177517851805183518651895190519151925193519651995202520552085211521352155218522152225223522452255228523052325235523652375238523952405242524452475248  ONCACBOGCONCACBCGSDCECONCACBCG1CD1CG2CONCACBCGCDCOZNMGOOOOOONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCGND1 GLNSERSERSERSERSERSERMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILEPROPROPROPROPROPROPROZNMGHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPHISHISHISHISHIS AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA1A1A1A1A1A1A1A1CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 481482482482482482482483483483483483483483483484484484484484484484484485485485485485485485001002003004005006007008163163163163163163163163163164164164164164164164164165165165165165     -10.434-11.732-12.960-14.204-14.489-12.956-13.729-12.101-11.991-11.874-13.204-13.875-15.625-10.843-10.438-10.322-9.331-8.078-7.482-6.525-7.016-10.050-10.428-10.263-10.957-10.619-10.474-9.884-10.529-9.3413.8897.6749.2418.4728.9195.9935.4104.08461.84263.21663.37662.18761.88762.68760.85063.55962.69764.82565.31766.82667.62067.77968.13665.02465.05364.74064.42764.32665.58666.693   -7.409-6.820-6.689-6.701-5.410-5.415-5.300-4.459-3.196-2.027-1.672-0.097-0.208-3.198-2.142-4.387-4.577-5.341-4.705-5.626-5.368-5.411-6.554-4.842-5.537-4.670-3.295-3.468-6.991-7.2834.3784.7045.2924.7403.2064.3444.0344.12220.33219.88819.84019.27120.03119.92920.72718.53617.87418.14116.88716.96217.86519.06617.45915.64514.52315.84514.73815.22415.83215.081 -22.938-21.194-21.983-21.078-20.555-22.827-23.776-22.467-23.196-22.212-21.536-22.111-21.576-24.220-24.703-24.526-25.585-25.100-23.845-23.102-26.204-26.651-26.378-27.841-28.941-30.154-29.594-28.223-29.191-29.313-3.843-4.983-5.207-2.622-4.952-6.564-3.859-6.406-7.001-6.621-5.089-4.324-3.042-2.084-2.991-7.257-7.840-7.139-7.729-8.071-7.126-7.439-6.062-6.873-7.387-5.584-4.674-3.223-2.695-2.362  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00  57.6557.8158.0157.9957.6158.2658.2858.5358.7859.0759.8362.0062.0358.6058.5058.5858.5458.5558.5958.5058.4758.5458.5358.5558.4958.5358.4358.5558.4358.3222.7511.417.879.5719.2623.037.954.5067.2367.2367.3267.7868.1168.4268.2266.9666.8866.6666.4066.5867.0867.7067.9465.8765.7465.2064.6664.6964.9165.02     ONCCOCONCCCSCCONCCCCCCONCCCCCOZNMGOOOOOONCCCCOOCONCCCOOCONCCCN
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  525052525254525652575258526052625265526752715275527652775279528152855286528752895291529452975300530353075308530953115313531653195320532153225323532453265328533153335337534153425343534553475350535353545355535653575358536053625365536653675368  CE1NE2CD2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCONCACBCGCDCENZCONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGOD1OD2C  HISHISHISHISHISLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUALAALAALAALAALALYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLULEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUASPASPASPASPASPASPASP CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 165165165165165166166166166166166166166167167167167167168168168168168168168168168169169169169169169169169169170170170170170170170170171171171171171171171171171172172172172172172172     67.64867.20065.91263.11162.93062.19460.89460.00258.57357.88457.76261.04060.39761.89562.12762.96162.80162.51363.69464.40965.51166.38567.42568.13369.41263.44863.56262.50261.52260.78560.01160.91560.83561.70760.52260.03460.24159.29358.77157.73157.11956.63559.85359.12961.13461.74863.25364.06865.56565.98366.32861.10661.08560.60259.91660.21461.70062.50462.14758.390   15.88117.12317.12014.05512.86514.82214.30615.45215.12914.13516.41613.24312.19813.50812.56513.22011.27510.19111.39910.25110.7309.6269.1067.8727.6019.3088.0889.8859.11010.0139.2678.5057.2569.1568.4157.3319.0328.4819.57710.55611.3809.8517.3026.6956.9905.8255.7776.8006.5485.3687.5384.5333.5234.5773.4453.4003.3982.9043.8613.524 -1.924-1.957-2.434-5.047-4.789-5.634-6.049-6.543-6.995-6.066-7.092-7.134-7.067-8.120-9.217-10.312-8.737-9.248-7.758-7.198-6.238-5.630-6.612-6.066-6.782-6.474-6.585-5.740-4.987-3.992-2.918-1.972-1.948-1.259-5.911-5.592-7.060-8.035-8.979-8.410-9.538-7.607-8.842-9.630-8.655-9.294-9.020-9.793-9.706-9.645-9.702-8.777-9.482-7.539-6.911-5.401-5.081-5.902-4.007-7.099  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 65.2365.3065.1664.0563.8763.3262.7262.6062.3662.1862.1662.2962.2061.6961.2361.2060.7160.6660.1059.6959.7660.1660.5760.6660.8059.0859.0058.4457.9357.8457.8057.6757.3357.0357.4557.3656.9156.5256.5056.6956.7456.6356.0355.9855.5855.2255.3355.6256.1256.0056.4554.6954.7453.9953.4653.5053.7153.4953.9352.85     CNCCONCCCCCCONCCCONCCCCCNCONCCCCOOCONCCCCCCONCCCCOOCONCCCOOC
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  536953705372537453775379538353875388538953915393539653975398540154025403540554075410541354165419542354245425542754295432543354355437543854395441544354455447544854495451545454555456545854605463546554695473547454755477547954825483548454875488  ONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBCGCDCENZCONCACBCGCD1NE1CE2CD2CE3CZ3CH2CZ2CONCACONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGOD1ND2CO ASPLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPGLYGLYGLYGLYLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASN  CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 172173173173173173173173173174174174174174174174174175175175175175175175175175176176176176176176176176176176176176176176177177177177178178178178178178178178179179179179179179179179     57.63857.93256.49756.27754.83454.19354.78655.77654.65756.43155.85856.30056.17255.47556.84956.23156.01056.77257.22258.71759.61261.06962.00263.41156.45956.00256.35555.68255.60654.44854.50053.22852.32353.05852.35550.97050.27050.92556.40555.78757.71258.54558.52659.26557.71157.61956.56256.39456.41755.10757.24956.39157.89657.62458.93858.77757.82059.71656.72957.207   3.0634.0954.2455.0385.3566.3295.9142.9012.7641.9160.580-0.0080.9791.9900.687-0.405-1.6080.099-0.753-0.532-0.812-0.929-0.966-1.185-0.5180.588-1.578-1.542-2.960-3.194-3.530-3.669-3.422-3.124-2.830-2.847-3.146-3.437-0.621-0.070-0.4550.3631.8692.5812.3693.8144.1535.6565.9606.1914.5284.0615.6626.4676.9527.3518.0306.9277.6388.632 -6.240-8.214-8.483-9.777-10.192-9.224-11.617-8.570-8.077-9.178-9.353-10.700-11.847-11.745-12.949-8.242-8.387-7.136-6.039-5.786-6.985-6.564-7.760-7.340-4.740-4.457-3.947-2.651-2.068-1.1570.1700.671-0.329-1.497-2.673-2.646-1.471-0.304-1.667-0.761-1.864-1.001-1.213-0.524-2.142-2.367-3.417-3.696-5.186-3.074-1.075-0.327-0.8280.3540.9842.4482.8173.284-0.039-0.583   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 52.9852.0451.2451.2151.0650.6650.9950.5550.5949.7249.1249.0848.9148.4849.2948.6548.6748.0747.7747.8848.3549.1549.5449.7647.1747.1446.5646.0245.8345.1544.6444.0343.1943.5742.3441.7642.1842.4545.8145.7645.6745.4745.4245.6145.1144.9044.8044.8645.0344.9044.7444.7644.6044.4944.4144.4343.7743.5944.3744.33     ONCCCCCCONCCCONCONCCCCCNCONCCCCNCCCCCCCONCCONCCCCCCONCCCONCO
原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子  548954915493549554985502550655075508551055125515551655185520552255245526552755285530553255355536553755405541554255445546554855525556555755585560556255665567556855705573557455755577557955825583558555875588559055925594559555965598560056035605  NCACBCG1CD1CG2CONCACBCGCD1CE1CZCE2CD2CONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBCG1CG2CONCACBCONCACONCACBCGCD1CE1CZOHCE2CD2CONCACBOGC ILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNVALVALVALVALVALVALVALALAALAALAALAALAGLYGLYGLYGLYTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRSERSERSERSERSER CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 180180180180180180180180181181181181181181181181181181181182182182182182182182182183183183183183183183184184184184184185185185185186186186186186186186186186186186186187187187187187     55.42854.46153.01152.08052.46552.49854.59954.19655.15555.38755.81454.80153.77952.83452.90753.91954.86356.46956.41757.44058.52859.67360.52560.41761.37558.04458.46157.16056.64655.92656.24654.41455.74355.61155.13554.27753.48255.11254.66556.32957.22657.87258.05758.20058.87659.81660.80861.53862.44662.63263.52561.92261.02057.92558.36056.64055.64354.70253.89854.828     7.5098.5538.0048.8648.9077.9269.80910.8929.65810.79710.3459.49110.0679.2837.9057.3168.10811.68112.90411.04611.76210.81110.38410.9489.38112.55513.69811.97412.69611.79210.29912.02513.85114.84313.72014.76814.24615.97917.11215.73016.79117.54918.76516.83817.43516.41215.76416.52815.93314.56313.96713.78514.38518.01118.75817.67118.15717.02116.61819.317   0.227-0.121-0.076-0.940-2.4131.3480.7410.3251.9402.8244.2284.9205.6506.2806.1905.4654.8342.2092.3281.5520.8880.4951.6902.7791.486-0.327-0.510-1.143-2.320-3.407-3.248-3.446-1.875-2.586-0.695-0.1511.0350.2580.1360.7341.1580.0120.101-1.067-2.223-2.877-1.921-1.008-0.135-0.1710.689-1.067-1.936-3.280-4.156-3.197-4.155-4.557-3.461-3.584  1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00 44.2544.2844.1944.0844.1944.0444.5744.5445.0145.3945.2744.5944.1143.6643.6443.7944.4845.9345.8546.6847.3647.2747.6847.5147.7847.9047.9648.6449.3049.3049.4949.3949.8849.9050.6451.1751.2051.7251.7052.5253.1053.6853.7454.3154.8855.0656.0456.8657.1757.3057.7057.0256.6854.9755.2155.1055.1055.2155.3554.98     NCCCCCCONCCCCCCCCCONCCCONCONCCCCCONCCCONCCONCCCCCCOCCCONCCOC
  原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   560656075609561156145615561756195621562356245625562756295632563356345637563856395641564356465649565256545655565856615662566356645666566956725675567656775679568156845686569056945695569656985700570257045708570957105713571557185719572057235725   ONCACBCGND1CE1NE2CD2CONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBCGCDNECZNH1NH2CONCACBCGCDCONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBSGS2C2C1O1   SERHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGPROPROPROPROPROPROPROLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRCMECMECMECMECMECMECMECME   CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC   187188188188188188188188188188188189189189189189189189189190190190190190190190190190190190191191191191191191191192192192192192192192192193193193193193193193194194194194194194194194   53.78955.31754.66854.70056.03957.23058.23957.74756.37553.25952.27253.21352.00151.52050.67150.79249.80150.86449.70351.21450.24350.34949.59348.42247.17746.98247.96345.78950.46750.60650.47950.74050.65449.89150.24549.74550.16648.46447.44546.03844.88545.01143.55747.53247.45147.67547.80147.95546.84847.84248.99648.78150.22951.52852.48654.12754.62254.18355.31555.154   19.68619.88720.99822.29422.97622.28323.13724.35924.28620.60921.31319.45918.89519.79619.05017.83419.78618.58618.90417.94517.50918.37519.72519.87220.35521.56922.46921.88516.02815.67815.15413.72713.12014.10515.43813.04812.21313.39912.79013.03412.36210.83912.79813.25112.41914.55815.08816.62717.22817.17914.35513.47214.78614.15714.37114.00015.01414.14514.19113.690   -4.142-2.480-1.776-2.612-2.614-2.699-2.673-2.571-2.531-1.301-1.525-0.635-0.0411.1102.1322.3072.813-1.027-0.770-2.143-3.154-4.425-4.443-3.475-4.079-4.588-4.622-5.077-3.503-4.677-2.495-2.722-1.311-0.505-1.066-3.658-4.459-3.562-4.416-3.863-4.621-4.622-4.030-5.876-6.775-6.108-7.477-7.489-6.804-8.911-8.092-8.910-7.838-8.006-6.828-7.375-9.041-10.514-11.515-12.617   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00   54.9454.8254.6254.9056.1657.6258.0057.8757.1253.8653.8652.9652.2252.3052.9953.7853.6651.1451.2149.8348.8548.8749.5350.5951.2851.6752.3351.5547.7647.5846.5545.9346.0045.9946.5045.3345.2844.6344.2043.9642.6741.3242.6244.2644.1444.4344.5844.5444.1044.4244.7944.9345.1845.4045.7247.4451.9253.1654.0955.63   ONCCCNCNCCONCCCONCONCCCCNCNNCONCCCCCONCCCCCCONCCOCCONCCSSCCO
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  原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   702570277029703270337035703770397041704270437044704670497052705570567057705970627063706470667068707070747078707970807082708470877089709070917093709570987099710071037104710571077109711271157116711771207121712271247126712971307132713471367138   NCACBCGND1CE1NE2CD2CONCACBCGCDCONCACONCACBCG1CG2CONCACBOGCONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACBCGCD1CE1CZCE2CD2   HISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISPROPROPROPROPROPROPROGLYGLYGLYGLYVALVALVALVALVALVALVALSERSERSERSERSERSERASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHE   CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC   278278278278278278278278278278279279279279279279279280280280280281281281281281281281282282282282282282283283283283283283283283284284284284284284284284284285285285285285285285285285   36.27836.13437.23436.89136.85836.54136.36836.58736.22337.22135.18935.18333.71533.21333.95536.09036.24536.66837.55736.84137.40335.60434.80033.71234.35932.86734.19033.93933.96833.42333.60232.85431.94431.27131.44730.04529.79030.07729.98330.43129.11528.04929.52728.72529.32628.37127.04627.01525.95528.56827.52529.59929.55530.92830.95330.76530.78230.98331.16731.149   13.05212.27611.22110.07310.1839.0138.1498.78613.26313.95613.34314.27314.27412.93412.54413.86114.64012.66512.18811.40011.14811.00810.22911.10412.10411.8449.0219.0697.9406.6935.5625.8186.7887.7585.7615.7024.4944.7965.9373.7715.6366.2534.8934.7373.6683.1582.6641.7073.3246.0576.3036.8988.2048.88110.23811.38912.64212.75411.61110.360   4.0395.2715.3776.2727.6488.1737.1885.9906.4426.5737.2768.4138.8538.4757.2269.57710.5129.52410.56611.64312.71211.35712.29112.96613.91411.93211.57510.37412.31911.77412.78813.97211.41111.74810.73010.3299.4187.9537.5237.19111.52911.52512.55513.76214.68715.77115.20514.43315.57914.51015.10214.47815.13215.08715.73714.98315.58116.94717.71417.109   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00   32.9434.1433.9434.4634.4534.5034.6834.1634.9935.0936.4337.4437.3637.0236.5638.3038.9539.1839.8440.4240.5641.0041.4841.6141.7541.6141.6941.8341.8941.9642.0642.2541.9041.9542.0041.8641.5140.0036.9336.0542.5942.7143.1443.6643.9545.0046.2247.5247.3743.6243.7743.6843.6743.6043.3942.9543.1543.1343.4143.40   NCCCNCNCCONCCCCCONCCONCCCCCONCCOCONCCCONCONCCCCONCONCCCCCCCC
  原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   714071417142714471467149715171557159716071617163716571677170717471787179718071827184718771887189719271937194719671987200720272067207720872107212721572167217722072217222722472267229723172327233723572377240724372447245724672477248725072527255   CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCG1CD1CG2CONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBOGCONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCG   PHEPHELEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILEASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNSERSERSERSERSERSERGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLULEULEULEULEU   CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC   285285286286286286286286286286287287287287287287287287288288288288288288288288289289289289289289289290290290290290290290290291291291291291291292292292292292292292292292293293293293   28.53227.78928.51727.59627.93529.30529.80429.25426.14425.25925.90524.55724.50024.80525.27523.13024.07922.93924.95424.61525.71225.86224.95627.02124.36823.57925.03524.88626.23626.80327.26123.84123.68923.12522.09720.85120.30319.84720.34622.61721.93823.83424.45725.88225.86923.65522.88423.84523.12823.45322.68221.20420.88420.35923.40422.51824.62425.02126.54127.404   9.1239.8239.1289.9579.87410.4519.84211.9689.54510.3928.2467.7346.1975.8564.4245.6338.0898.5227.9198.1987.6856.1745.4495.6929.67910.01210.56112.01012.73012.35812.27712.62513.84711.77912.21812.71311.68110.61411.99613.29014.27813.09114.02113.57512.31114.09213.19115.16715.35116.71517.88217.88817.89217.89314.22313.84513.68712.60712.39113.329   14.47615.15913.14612.37910.88610.5079.21610.40012.61512.66312.76713.00612.77411.30711.08713.17114.42614.60515.42016.82217.76717.73817.32418.17317.11117.99016.36816.55716.34615.08217.37415.63115.59214.89413.95114.69815.67115.26316.96512.99412.72412.50111.56011.23610.59710.2699.9669.5128.2497.6188.2307.8586.6468.7817.2506.4937.2696.3616.4065.567   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00   43.8343.9444.0144.1544.1943.9844.2243.9444.3544.5244.5844.8644.8244.7744.5244.7045.3045.2745.6246.0046.0046.0446.5945.4046.2746.4146.6646.8546.9346.9547.0646.8546.8547.0047.0947.2147.5648.0447.5846.8547.0846.5946.5846.5546.9846.2345.9846.1646.2046.4647.7448.9749.5249.4845.5345.4945.0544.5244.5244.49   CONCCCCCCONCCCCCCONCCCONCONCCOCCONCCCONCONCCOCONCCCCOOCONCCC
  原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   725772617265726672677269727172757276727772797281728472867290729472957296729873007303730673077311731273137315731773207321732373257326732873307332733373347336733873417342734373467347734873507352735573567357735873597360736273647367737073717372   CD1CD2CONCACBCONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGSDCECONCACBCGCD1CE1CZOHCE2CD2CONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2   LEULEULEULEUALAALAALAALAALALEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLU   CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC   293293293293294294294294294295295295295295295295295296296296296296296296296297297297297297297297297297297297297298298298298298298298298299299299299299299299299300300300300300300300   28.86927.13424.32023.97524.13623.46123.65121.97521.38621.37919.97319.46318.88519.43119.13619.79518.78520.79720.76321.94222.10623.03821.80020.80820.01021.71921.94823.45724.06523.71724.24425.13725.65825.50124.95721.28221.55120.40219.65718.62917.88917.21618.01420.52820.18121.65922.58221.87521.11321.60420.00623.29423.93223.20623.82422.78723.29524.02423.55425.070   13.09213.14911.28610.54910.9769.7469.4969.8038.79410.98811.18612.53812.62411.55514.00911.11110.61211.58211.58512.39312.33513.73715.05010.1759.8359.3567.9987.7618.6048.3959.16910.17110.93810.4109.6296.8805.7027.2476.2685.5666.5397.4576.3315.2344.0555.6904.8624.2885.3336.4695.0993.7102.8843.6632.5951.9850.884-0.242-0.674-0.704   5.8844.0626.6585.7377.9408.3439.8277.9897.6208.1057.7608.2849.71110.65410.2966.2405.7465.5114.0553.5192.0121.4251.6093.4762.6103.9963.4993.3882.3030.972-0.0400.267-0.7371.5872.5964.3024.0715.2276.0145.1054.1844.6402.8786.7746.8507.3148.1179.36010.14510.28010.6727.3938.0506.0635.2734.3173.3864.1055.1803.593   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00   44.5444.3844.1544.0243.7143.3143.4443.0742.9942.8542.8843.0043.8544.5444.2142.6642.5142.3642.4042.7544.5748.5248.3841.5741.2640.7939.9439.3836.9234.9333.0332.5730.7533.0134.7040.1339.9940.3440.4540.3740.0838.4240.9340.5440.6140.6140.8140.8140.6539.7942.1640.9840.7041.2541.5741.9143.6846.2147.8548.46   CCCONCCCONCCCCCCONCCCSCCONCCCCCCOCCCONCCCONCONCCCOOCONCCCCOO
  原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   737373747375737773797382738473857386738873907392739674007401740274047406740974117415741974207421742374257428743174327433743474357436743874407443744474457448744974507452745474577458746074627464746674677468747074727475747674787480748274847485   CONCACBOGCONCACBCG1CG2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBCGND1CE1NE2CD2CONCACBCGND1CE1NE2CD2CO   GLUGLUSERSERSERSERSERSERVALVALVALVALVALVALVALLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHIS   CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC   300300301301301301301301302302302302302302302303303303303303303303303304304304304304304304304304305305305305305305305305306306306306306306306306306306307307307307307307307307307307   25.02624.87026.22127.46127.66427.93227.42527.56927.22927.08526.89426.86825.61428.26528.09429.45930.67531.85231.87832.59632.50831.04931.50030.83231.24031.25232.38032.16931.00533.18330.37530.88029.07228.15226.69926.00225.72425.68728.52328.50528.86429.22929.32029.80528.99129.68430.92531.02930.54330.71931.47532.77033.71934.07834.43134.69734.52434.13232.56633.229   3.1343.9652.6543.0932.3740.9954.6095.1215.3146.7687.3118.8356.7587.4758.2237.2207.8667.5558.3977.6969.7427.4498.2676.1765.5894.0593.5163.7203.8113.7806.0646.2986.1836.7106.6585.3695.1074.5658.1628.6028.89310.30810.97712.39213.44014.56414.28112.92710.54411.5849.6059.7068.6098.7087.6117.9959.3019.7699.57210.246   4.4983.6014.8484.2112.8703.0674.0242.9105.1355.1426.5896.6087.2014.4923.5305.0144.5315.4586.7287.8846.4393.1202.3352.8121.5421.6542.5304.0374.4924.7730.379-0.7200.622-0.3720.111-0.247-1.4150.762-0.646-1.8010.4180.3111.6881.6271.2551.2771.6291.844-0.409-1.034-0.281-0.949-0.4620.9911.7472.9823.0571.828-2.465-3.252   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00   41.1941.4040.6740.3540.2940.2340.0240.0539.3138.9338.8938.9739.2938.4538.7037.7837.2837.1938.3738.9239.2936.5236.5035.6434.9334.5633.3331.9828.8330.2434.7134.8834.3333.8133.8433.6734.3933.8333.6133.6632.7632.3031.9029.4026.5826.2226.8928.0332.5232.4333.0433.4833.5233.2233.3733.0732.6832.7534.1634.36   CONCCOCONCCCCCONCCCCCCONCCCCOOCONCCCONCONCCCNCNCCONCCCNCNCCO
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  原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   909390959098910191029103910691079108911091129115911691189120912191229124912691289130913191329134913691389140914491459146914891509153915491559156915791589160916291659168917191739174917791809181918291849186918891919195919992009201920392059208   CACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACBCGCD1NE1CE2CD2CE3CZ3CH2CZ2CONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCGCDNECZNH1NH2CONCACBCG1CD1CG2CONCACBCG   GLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILEMETMETMETMET  CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC   405405405405405405405405406406406406406406406406406406406406406406407407407407407407407408408408408408408408408409409409409409409409409409409409410410410410410410410410411411411411   53.83454.51955.87256.61556.40357.49352.32551.59351.87050.44850.23150.60851.45051.54150.74050.13249.25749.02049.64650.50549.72748.61650.37449.81050.73450.68050.24249.57948.54950.52750.41351.74952.85452.59654.02249.30248.69449.04248.01348.23049.30749.70050.70250.49149.29751.49846.59545.70246.38845.07345.00943.56442.60545.84544.69243.52445.67945.43846.59446.697   6.7827.4038.0268.4609.5627.5986.7157.6145.6475.4314.2504.5023.7494.2755.3845.5536.6347.4937.2966.2525.1355.6034.3483.9542.9401.6832.6145.1645.2616.0937.2928.0477.2586.1347.6898.2228.9398.1989.0409.13410.12310.06011.07712.19512.48613.0368.5389.3317.2306.6375.1794.6675.5234.2206.6976.8956.5366.5985.9734.446   10.6809.4599.7688.5198.0158.02410.46010.8759.8089.5568.6037.1666.4005.1355.0566.3196.5005.4304.1923.98610.86611.09111.71913.00313.70213.01215.11813.89514.54813.90014.72514.77015.46615.95815.55914.23315.02612.92812.32110.80710.4098.9378.6317.9417.4317.75112.59612.88712.47212.69612.14712.09811.28712.98714.17714.51015.05716.49417.28217.186   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00   48.8448.9549.1649.0549.2348.5348.2848.4347.5446.9046.6345.5144.3043.7243.6543.7043.3642.7742.1442.4846.7646.6546.5446.4046.4246.5046.2246.2446.1346.1946.3046.4446.8047.2047.7146.1146.0745.8745.6045.5645.5345.0144.6744.3944.7044.0945.4745.1945.4445.6245.5945.4745.0845.7545.9245.6946.3046.5846.8147.31   CCCCONCONCCCCNCCCCCCCONCCOCCONCCCOOCONCCCCNCNNCONCCCCCCONCCC
  原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   921192129216921792189220922292259228922992309231923292339235923792409243924492459246924792489250925292559256925892609262926492669267926892709272927592769278928092829284928692879288929092929295929892999300930393049305930793099312931593169317   SDCECONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGCD1CE1CZCE2CD2CONCACBCGCD1CE1CZCE2CD2CONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACBCGCDOE1NE2   METMETMETMETGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEPHEGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLN   CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC   411411411411412412412412412412412412412413413413413413413413413413414414414414414414414414414414414415415415415415415415415415415415416416416416416416416416416417417417417417417417   45.13644.66645.20144.52345.75045.51846.50446.44847.51948.71447.17044.07843.38143.64642.28942.17640.76240.74141.68039.78941.26340.17741.62640.77641.37240.82540.31939.82039.82840.33440.82740.61139.51441.69541.62843.02443.71642.99743.64745.02945.75645.10040.89240.36640.85840.13740.53641.73141.76040.77242.89438.63337.86238.22636.82036.57035.22734.79935.17534.005   3.5703.2638.0398.2709.00310.41211.31512.77813.62713.26014.66510.77311.43010.33010.56710.09810.0379.96610.4809.3999.84510.3588.6547.8386.4315.4085.7684.8013.4663.1034.0688.4758.4918.9969.6369.8228.5327.3776.2016.1677.3098.48310.97311.44011.57912.83313.49814.44415.49516.20615.60212.56513.40311.40110.9999.8089.0978.2218.4717.195   16.94618.66216.93517.93216.19916.50915.76816.18715.51915.60414.91116.13416.90414.95314.45512.99612.42710.90210.27510.32615.32515.56915.78316.64516.80415.84014.59113.72414.10315.34016.19418.02918.57218.59719.91420.53120.90521.19921.53621.59221.30720.96719.84020.84918.65018.43917.11217.22216.12315.90915.42918.46318.92317.95617.97017.03717.27016.11114.97016.400   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00   49.1149.0546.6246.6746.5346.6046.7547.5949.1250.5749.4346.4746.6946.0745.7445.4244.0842.8440.1640.4545.9945.9846.4046.7946.9247.3648.3948.6048.9648.5048.1347.0647.0247.4347.7647.6346.8746.5546.8347.0347.0746.7048.3648.2748.9649.5449.6550.2851.3051.6751.5349.8649.8950.3350.7150.5350.1349.6949.2048.99   SCCONCCCCOOCONCCCCOOCONCCCCCCCCCONCCCCCCCCCONCCCCONCONCCCCON
  原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   932093219322932493279328932993319333933693379338933993409341934393459348935193549357936193629363936593679370937393749375937693779378938093829385938893919393939493979400940194029404940694099412941394149415941694179419942194249427943094329433   CONCACONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCGCDCENZCONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGCDNECZNH1NH2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGCDNECZNH1   GLNGLNGLYGLYGLYGLYASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARG   CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC   417417418418418418419419419419419419419419420420420420420420420420420421421421421421421421421421422422422422422422422422422422422423423423423423423423423423424424424424424424424424   36.40135.25237.33137.06936.81735.94337.57537.45038.60739.96140.02941.01936.11735.50035.68134.41534.30435.15234.43535.28736.15633.22432.22333.34032.29532.62832.41433.07833.97232.70832.13631.02133.25633.24634.67034.72636.13536.92037.86838.18938.50632.59931.93532.79232.22132.77934.21034.80934.31935.78230.70330.00130.20828.77328.54029.07729.45929.94529.17327.845   10.64710.85710.0959.75511.01311.03412.06513.35514.28213.78912.69114.43514.02714.63813.90814.49114.45515.50716.08317.11916.49713.77014.40112.45311.64510.1499.5338.1727.8337.43312.03412.07812.32012.70512.70312.44212.32311.26211.44612.66410.39114.07714.31014.97316.31617.19217.66518.34318.11519.10816.26817.01615.37815.23814.71415.61714.86015.73716.40216.322   19.39919.78320.17421.56122.36423.22322.05422.72322.32822.82523.42022.65722.39423.26621.13920.69019.15818.44417.22516.50515.46921.32021.65021.48122.10622.00920.63020.47021.27319.53323.57724.09324.24225.65526.23327.73928.31627.67626.74726.30726.24725.85626.86524.89024.94523.81824.03622.81221.68322.98124.83025.51023.97323.72522.30021.18819.92018.85217.99218.057   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00   51.2751.2851.9752.6253.2153.3054.0854.8354.8655.1355.2655.3255.5755.6856.3757.0157.0657.4758.0958.2658.2557.5757.6958.3158.9758.9758.7958.4758.0558.2259.7559.8660.6161.3861.5162.0662.8063.5564.5364.5764.8661.8262.0062.3762.8562.9163.3263.9164.1264.3263.1563.3563.4763.7263.7564.0664.5964.9565.3465.36   CONCCONCCCOOCONCCCCCNCONCCCCOOCONCCCCNCNNCONCCCCOOCONCCCCNCN
  原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   943694399440944194439446944794489450945294559458945994639464946594679469947294759476947794789479948094829484948694899493949794989499950195039506950895099510951195139516951995229523952495269528953195349535953995409541954295459547955095519552   NH2CONCACONCACBCGSDCECONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCG1CD1CG2CONCACBOGCONCACBCGCDCONCACBCGSDCECOOXTNCACBSGS2C2   ARGARGARGGLYGLYGLYGLYMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILESERSERSERSERSERSERPROPROPROPROPROPROPROMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETCMECMECMECMECMECME  CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCBBBBBB   424424424425425425425426426426426426426426426427427427427427427427427427428428428428428428428428429429429429429429430430430430430430430431431431431431431431431431432432432432432432   29.73528.05626.84728.79328.21427.87727.23328.31728.07128.34627.58728.34628.09728.98729.94128.69929.52728.77329.59828.75327.62029.22930.81030.75931.95233.25834.38634.10934.15635.74633.55533.37934.01534.38434.48533.41035.72836.63135.86737.09036.81435.34734.87938.41739.33538.50339.75139.61240.92940.72641.42040.22840.80140.09238.49038.90737.70537.67937.25435.630   17.16114.32814.11713.78212.91111.50910.74011.1739.8589.87410.92011.1609.5448.8239.1657.5546.4545.1273.9152.7622.5732.0406.4146.5136.2696.2586.6187.9549.1726.6564.8933.8654.8913.6523.8584.6423.2034.0231.9211.421-0.084-0.2410.8461.6172.2171.1271.1470.243-0.092-1.357-0.5532.5343.3072.9574.3595.6746.3505.9283.9983.776   17.05624.73524.62625.70326.71626.22926.94625.01824.43222.92722.12920.51419.80225.05625.75624.77925.26025.16225.57126.08225.58326.98424.42323.19725.09324.43025.43426.14025.24024.73223.81624.46922.56621.88520.36819.87322.47422.62222.81123.46323.63123.50622.60122.71523.27921.47920.70719.47918.81317.55516.15520.27421.03919.12920.84620.40319.75318.04017.73517.081   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00   65.5663.8563.9564.0264.0664.1664.1564.2864.2764.1863.9863.1663.2764.4164.4064.6364.7964.8965.4566.2266.7266.5764.7564.8064.7464.6164.6064.6764.8464.7864.5064.4864.4064.3664.3563.9864.4064.2764.5464.7464.6964.6364.5465.0765.0165.4165.6865.7666.2267.2567.2665.7665.7866.0852.5852.7352.9053.6456.0056.30   NCONCCONCCCSCCONCCCCOOCONCCCCCCONCCOCONCCCCCONCCCSCCOONCCSSC
  原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   955595579558955995629564956695699570957195729573957695789580958395869589959295969597959896009602960596069608961096129614961596169618962096229624962896299630963296349638963996409642964496479649965096519653965596579661966596669667966996719674   C1O1CONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCGCDCENZCONCACBCGND1CE1NE2CD2CONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCONCACBOGCONCACBCG1CG2CONCACBCG   CMECMECMECMEASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSLYSHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISHISTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRALAALAALAALAALASERSERSERSERSERSERVALVALVALVALVALVALVALGLUGLUGLUGLU   BBBBCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC   432432432432433433433433433433433433434434434434434434434434434435435435435435435435435435435436436436436436436436437437437437437438438438438438438439439439439439439439440440440440   35.70936.21639.42339.50739.44339.71739.20439.10539.30938.81741.22341.99241.65243.08343.38842.93843.34342.69043.21943.64344.84542.76443.14742.17542.00743.05742.61241.31140.90743.16943.55542.75842.68641.19640.66441.03443.35244.10743.06043.56142.81545.07045.67345.65547.07247.59648.88347.23246.62548.05648.31749.27449.69448.62648.93048.68149.71350.41251.58152.740   3.4294.2116.4407.6505.1425.9235.1275.9507.1815.4376.1625.2107.4217.7189.15410.25811.62212.74314.0747.4447.2197.4467.1917.8989.36010.25211.46611.39410.0895.7005.3484.8363.3902.9773.5051.4682.5191.6052.7992.0012.3832.0553.1300.8730.714-0.628-0.9220.756-0.0431.6831.8463.0493.1294.3550.5810.257-0.135-1.336-1.660-0.668   15.61214.82321.59421.64323.40924.63625.83527.09327.04528.19024.73724.79124.74124.83124.37625.32224.78825.56625.17426.23826.39627.24228.63329.58929.31729.35429.08128.87129.01428.99330.11128.06128.30428.45629.67828.61427.22527.54925.95624.82823.54724.57024.52424.37624.06224.58424.06822.54621.83922.06320.62920.37418.90420.81820.02018.85720.82320.37821.31821.237   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00   56.9057.3052.5452.3549.3749.3749.5249.9050.9851.5349.2249.3048.9848.9548.7948.6548.0547.9447.6149.1349.1549.2349.3249.2349.1349.5149.4049.2849.2049.5249.6849.6349.7949.8350.2949.9149.9149.9249.9650.0350.0450.0650.0250.1850.2850.2150.1650.3850.2450.6850.8650.8550.9850.9550.9551.2050.9350.8850.9251.08   COCONCCCOOCONCCCCCNCONCCCNCNCCONCCOCCONCCCONCCOCONCCCCCONCCC
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  原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   100211002410026100301003410035100361003810040100421004610050100511005210054100561005910062100631006410067100681006910070100721007510078100811008210083100851008710090100911009210093100941009510097100991010310104101051010710109101121011510116101171012010121101221012410126101291013010131101321013310134   CBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCG1CG2CONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACBCGCDCONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACBCGOD1OD2CON   LEULEULEULEULEULEUVALVALVALVALVALVALVALGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNPROPROPROPROPROPROPROASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPALAALAALAALAALAGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPILE   CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC   461461461461461461462462462462462462462463463463463463463463463463464464464464464464464465465465465465465465465466466466466466467467467467467467467467467468468468468468468468468469   43.84043.26242.22242.67045.91845.69347.02948.06148.15146.81148.64449.45950.44349.54850.84750.65650.28651.43451.71252.11351.77651.29853.09453.72955.01255.39154.10954.07655.07353.24953.49952.46652.46253.35751.58753.50954.34552.59252.48851.02053.22652.81954.31355.10756.06056.88858.33359.05758.75155.89755.91656.54457.34458.07859.14559.88359.32356.49056.95655.250   -15.063-14.458-15.378-13.087-15.809-16.086-15.194-14.739-13.182-12.564-12.638-15.294-14.779-16.357-16.910-18.136-19.434-20.423-21.062-20.544-17.260-17.642-17.124-16.651-17.480-17.610-17.469-15.153-14.733-14.357-12.924-12.305-12.952-13.773-12.699-12.137-11.252-12.458-11.748-11.541-12.436-12.318-13.136-13.831-14.833-15.681-15.896-14.937-17.156-12.822-12.910-11.872-10.833-9.966-10.736-10.096-11.971-9.934-9.473-9.680   -4.964-6.247-6.853-5.967-6.144-7.324-5.740-6.676-6.684-7.048-5.338-6.378-6.904-5.577-5.163-4.252-4.963-4.973-3.957-6.112-6.333-7.401-6.151-4.911-4.880-6.348-7.162-4.946-4.354-5.616-5.781-6.729-8.110-8.413-8.959-4.471-4.293-3.561-2.282-1.919-1.1330.022-1.446-0.436-1.097-0.119-0.577-0.847-0.6520.3931.618-0.2840.379-0.657-1.431-2.211-1.3301.2842.3260.870   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00   55.1655.1255.5255.0555.5255.4956.0356.3556.3456.3756.2856.7356.8157.1757.5157.5958.2859.3160.1259.6957.5357.5857.6657.7257.7057.6757.6257.8357.8858.0358.1358.1658.5558.8258.6858.1758.2558.3058.5058.4858.6958.7859.0259.3359.4760.0961.0461.8861.6459.4259.2959.5859.7159.8360.1960.8360.3859.6459.7959.47   CCCCCONCCCCCONCCCCONCONCCCCCONCCCOOCONCCCONCCCCONCONCCCOOCON
  原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   101361013810140101431014710151101521015310155101571016010162101661017010171101721017410176101791018010181101821018310184101861018810190101921019610197101981020010202102051020710211102151021610217102191022110224102271022810229102301023110232102341023610239102401024110242102431024410246102481025110252   CACBCG1CD1CG2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBOG1CG2CONCACBCGCD1CD2CONCACBCGCDOE1OE2CONCACBCGOD1OD2CONCACBCGOD1   ILEILEILEILEILEILEILELEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRTHRLEULEULEULEULEULEULEULEUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUGLUASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASPASNASNASNASNASN   CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC   469469469469469469469470470470470470470470470471471471471471471471471472472472472472472472473473473473473473473473474474474474474474474474474475475475475475475475475476476476476476   54.31253.06453.38852.45451.87053.90053.81253.65053.24652.82651.64350.36151.45954.36654.09455.61656.78858.06558.14257.52058.81056.95757.32556.69056.78856.75257.84057.00755.65355.77154.56253.40152.18250.79950.67549.73653.68953.34654.31554.68455.22455.82155.97254.94057.12455.72955.67056.67857.75058.80959.67259.19460.84557.21957.58856.36155.75554.92755.78757.005   -8.869-8.531-7.404-7.339-8.153-9.604-9.005-10.903-11.740-13.134-13.811-13.004-15.224-11.854-11.952-11.833-11.903-12.189-13.626-14.519-13.959-10.596-10.608-9.473-8.153-7.036-7.200-5.666-7.945-7.126-8.689-8.609-9.251-8.800-7.284-9.433-9.298-8.776-10.473-11.231-12.616-13.410-14.889-15.577-15.367-10.473-10.461-9.846-9.094-8.682-9.847-11.002-9.698-7.861-7.596-7.107-5.910-5.167-4.381-4.291   1.6450.787-0.200-1.3991.6652.9213.9912.7923.9193.4294.1263.9663.5764.9556.1524.4885.3624.5544.0544.6673.0536.1327.3055.4656.0875.0144.0985.6307.0887.9976.9127.7927.1207.5867.5746.7109.12210.1799.05710.2509.86411.02110.70910.56510.61111.06612.29310.37611.02710.0049.5559.5799.16111.74312.88511.06211.64010.5849.6009.746   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00   59.3159.2759.2158.8859.2759.2059.1959.1259.0559.1059.3859.5159.5058.9858.9958.8558.7158.8158.8959.5058.8858.4858.5658.1757.9557.8457.8557.7957.8057.8557.5957.4357.3456.7956.6156.5957.5257.5457.5257.5157.6758.1358.6959.2658.9757.2957.4756.9956.7156.7857.0157.3057.4356.3756.3355.9655.6355.6155.2955.21   CCCCCCONCCCCCCONCCCOOCONCCOCCONCCCCCCONCCCCOOCONCCCOOCONCCCO
  原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   102531025610257102581026010262102651026810271102731027410277102801028110282102841028610289102901029110294102951029610298103001030310304103061030810309103101031210314103161031810319103201032210324103271032810330103321033310335103371033910340103411034310345103481035110352103531035610357103581036010362   ND2CONCACBCGCDNECZNH1NH2CONCACBCGOD1ND2CONCACBCGCD1NE1CE2CD2CE3CZ3CH2CZ2CONCACBCGCD1CE1CZOHCE2CD2CONCACBCGCDOE1NE2CONCACB   ASNASNASNARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGARGASNASNASNASNASNASNASNASNTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTRPTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRTYRGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNGLNSERSERSER  CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC   476476476477477477477477477477477477477477478478478478478478478478479479479479479479479479479479479479479479480480480480480480480480480480480480481481481481481481481481481482482482   55.14454.87554.81654.20553.33352.58951.47851.96550.99450.91751.76149.98954.15453.81055.24656.13757.22456.67957.35855.45456.78757.12556.95157.54657.88758.71260.06760.46759.36258.23756.97256.87258.01059.26156.61657.05755.33554.34853.04653.03852.92052.91753.03153.02653.15053.15654.08853.83954.16253.99353.82653.62052.37252.41151.26955.19955.07356.35757.58958.821   -3.801-6.254-5.501-7.401-7.879-9.143-9.600-10.348-11.329-11.760-11.319-12.652-8.177-7.740-8.916-9.291-10.257-11.634-12.427-11.925-8.086-8.143-6.998-5.782-4.797-3.646-3.616-2.388-1.598-2.360-1.770-0.4600.269-0.280-5.101-4.650-5.014-4.362-4.088-2.744-1.561-0.327-0.2620.961-1.419-2.655-5.178-4.609-6.503-7.403-8.852-9.904-9.672-9.827-9.313-7.269-7.460-6.932-6.730-6.738   8.59412.84513.81512.77113.83913.39014.33215.56516.04917.31018.24117.64315.08716.18314.90215.99515.50415.15714.50415.59316.66217.84615.91216.45315.33815.82015.96516.43516.61116.23216.31916.77217.13917.06517.44918.50717.09917.95717.18816.48217.20616.57215.19414.56614.44915.09419.22420.28819.10520.24219.76420.87321.72322.94621.08021.17422.38220.60421.36920.449   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00   54.3655.3855.0955.2655.2655.2855.3555.4555.4755.8155.4755.9455.2655.2455.1955.1055.1755.5056.1455.7954.8854.8954.4754.1653.8552.3451.4251.0150.5350.7350.2649.8549.9250.2354.4754.5554.7054.8254.6553.6652.5252.2952.2852.2552.3153.0155.3555.3955.9056.4156.5357.1558.0158.7958.1256.6656.8356.9357.0857.04   NCONCCCCNCNNCONCCCONCONCCCCNCCCCCCCONCCCCCCOCCCONCCCCONCONCC
  原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   103651036710368103691037110373103761037910380103841038510386103881039010392103951039910403104041040510406104081041110414104171041810419104201042110424104271043010433104361043910443104441044510447104491045010451104551045710458104591046110463104641046510467104681047010472104761047710478104801048210483   OGCONCACBCGSDCECONCACBCG1CD1CG2CONCACBCGCDCOZNMGOOOOOOC17O16C15C18C19C12O13C14C11C1C2C3C4N5C6N7C10C9C8C17O16C15C18C19C12O13   SERSERSERMETMETMETMETMETMETMETMETILEILEILEILEILEILEILEILEPROPROPROPROPROPR0PROZNMGHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIG   CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL   4824824824834834834834834834834834844844844844844844844844854854854854854854851001100210031004100510061007100811111111111111111112222222   59.15957.54258.30156.67056.49156.12357.23258.65458.08955.42855.15054.83653.84452.68751.91251.00151.73554.52454.98554.61355.19755.33355.12354.21254.29854.41740.73836.99435.49636.06135.56238.08539.10240.474-2.623-1.652-0.3030.0991.4580.6580.1981.0792.0252.4363.8894.7676.1366.6615.8446.0944.4874.0245.06047.38746.44045.09344.69243.33244.13444.605   -5.429-5.419-5.233-4.506-3.219-2.136-1.820-1.0070.711-3.275-2.260-4.452-4.661-5.564-4.877-5.814-5.919-5.322-6.461-4.620-5.204-4.000-2.794-3.217-6.267-7.4514.4284.5245.4614.4463.0254.5354.1524.3231.8580.9241.1461.7161.9170.7580.1770.1450.9521.5321.7452.2202.4222.1681.7141.3841.5031.0090.9731.9890.9991.2321.7591.9730.9070.371   20.00922.15423.10621.73122.40321.38120.38521.14121.21023.51424.15123.72724.78024.27923.14922.36925.43225.98925.88527.11928.33529.27628.42127.32828.96928.6503.3144.0604.7832.0334.5856.1233.3445.884-11.199-11.700-11.404-10.189-9.920-12.349-13.544-14.681-12.069-10.852-10.576-11.565-11.300-10.074-9.102-7.819-9.332-7.985-7.13810.54210.98610.6949.4609.19211.66012.868   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00   56.6457.3057.3757.5057.7157.9058.5659.9259.9957.5257.4657.3557.2957.3257.3657.2757.2857.1757.1157.0256.9056.9556.9956.9756.8156.6424.6125.3734.0628.8927.0733.632.002.5652.3653.0453.9954.4855.7554.6454.1953.5655.7856.7659.0259.7760.3960.8260.8261.5060.6261.4761.5950.9151.2451.4951.7852.6351.7051.43   OCONCCCSCCONCCCCCCONCCCCCOZNMGOOOOOOCOCCCCOCCCCCCNCNCCCCOCCCCO
  原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子原子   104841048810490104911049210494104961049710498105001050110503105051050810511105141051710520105231052610529105321053510538105411054410547105501055310556105591056210565105681057110574105771058010583105861058910592105951059810601106041060710610106131061610619106221062510628106311063410637106401064310646   C14C11C1C2C3C4N5C6N7C10C9C8OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO   LIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGLIGHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOHHOH   LLLLLLLLLLLLXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX   222222222222123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748   43.76442.76742.35540.91240.09838.73938.16338.91938.60340.26840.65339.59136.0715.1334.638-1.03910.69917.0238.20026.78142.094-14.36827.688-8.01151.31833.53849.6826.3993.04926.26947.87639.363-3.57731.60261.70817.82347.33550.15252.70530.325-2.72652.07717.7889.32026.8326.23816.96427.67818.79625.80836.46138.22110.714-4.84545.77543.64140.30035.7394.44017.078   0.4281.1131.6421.8962.5002.7702.4651.8931.4941.6130.9960.9685.37313.9841.2400.2234.1519.1545.0233.4963.0216.6888.9013.468-15.3234.5071.570-1.165-7.0092.79316.67613.818-0.1232.5044.3693.5004.973-9.0053.4937.2374.9054.50013.4551.86813.39511.596-0.750-0.5182.7562.8820.03711.604-18.3101.4640.269-1.07510.1362.31110.114-1.257   14.02911.38610.1459.85610.82410.5819.3908.4307.1778.6427.3246.5057.700-4.862-26.598-6.862-7.6556.875-7.7537.7165.89911.729-7.347-2.950-2.3587.2102.917-4.07321.450-14.389-22.6004.65017.43312.250-1.233-8.2604.313-5.1382.23918.493-4.700-1.174-0.253-7.191-0.03020.7458.251-9.02611.150-11.787-23.198-20.943-3.552-3.6586.13021.55623.31510.495-23.8065.582   1.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.001.00   50.8952.5953.4655.1155.6956.3356.8156.6956.8456.3856.9156.9735.8634.7243.3236.8349.6431.6123.6531.9037.7045.9426.4338.8840.6646.1833.8335.1647.5434.7948.3635.2541.9542.3445.1438.1040.4855.7540.2849.7538.7441.0437.7938.6538.8237.6533.9250.0641.7440.1748.0136.9146.2342.5238.6462.3556.7637.2934.8341.76   CCCCCCNCNCCCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
  原子   10649   O   HOH   X   49   11.151   4.027   -10.073   1.00   33.65   O
                            表3
                      pET15S中的PDE4B
人(Homo sapiens)磷酸二酯酶4B,cAMP特异性(磷酸二酯酶E4 dunce同源物,果蝇)(PDE4B),mRNA,SEQ ID NO:4
564个残基的待询序列中的结构域
来自人脑海马QUICK-Clone cDNA(Clontech,#7169-1)的PCR
在pET15S中的全长蛋白质:
398个氨基酸  分子量:45599.2  pI:5.03  消光系数(280nm)=0.949
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MSISRFGVNT ENEDHLAKEL EDLNKWGLNI FNVAGYSHNR
PLTCIMYAIF QERDLLKTFR ISSDTFITYM MTLEDHYHSD VAYHNSLHAA DVAQSTHVLL
STPALDAVFT DLEILAAIFA AAIHDVDHPG VSNQFLINTN SELALMYNDE SVLENHHLAV
GFKLLQEEHC DIFMNLTKKQ RQTLRKMVID MVLATDMSKH MSLLADLKTM VETKKVTSSG
VLLLDNYTDR IQVLRNMVHC ADLSNPTKSL ELYRQWTDRI MEEFFQQGDK ERERGMEISP
MCDKHTASVE KSQVGFIDYI VHPLWETWAD LVQPDAQDIL DTLEDNRNWY QSMIPQSPSP
PLDEQNRDCQ GLMEKFQFEL TLDEEDSEGP EKEGEGHS
PDE4B-S:5′-CCGAATT CATATG AGCATCTCACGCTTTGGAGTC-3′34mer
PDE4B-A:5′-TGTGCT CTCGAG  TTA GCTGTGTCCCTCTCCCTCC-3′34mer
PDE4B-NDE1:5′-GATATGTCTAAACA
Figure A20058003698003801
ATGAGCCTGCTGGC-3′29mer
PDE4B-NDE2:5′-GCCAGCAGGCTCAT
Figure A20058003698003802
TGTTTAGACATATC-3′29mer
pET15S序列(PCR产物;1159bp)
ATATACCATGGGCAGCAGCCATCATCATCATCATCACAGCAGCGGCCTGGTGCCGCGCGGCAGCCATATG
ag catctcacgc tttggagtca acactgaaaa tgaagatcac
1261 ctggccaagg agctggaaga cctgaacaaa tggggtctta acatctttaa tgtggctgga
1321 tattctcaca atagacccct aacatgcatc atgtatgcta tattccagga aagagacctc
1381 ctaaagacat tcagaatctc atctgacaca tttataacct acatgatgac tttagaagac
1441 cattaccatt ctgacgtggc atatcacaac agcctgcacg ctgctgatgt agcccagtcg
1501 acccatgttc tcctttctac accagcatta gacgctgtct tcacagattt gga
Figure A20058003698003803
atcctg
1561 gctgccattt ttgcagctgc catccatgac gttgatcatc ctggagtctc caatcagttt
1621 ctcatcaaca caaattcaga acttgctttg atgtataatg atgaatctgt gttggaaaat
1681 catcaccttg ctgtgggttt caaactgctg caagaagaac actgtgacat cttcatgaat
1741 ctcaccaaga agcagcgtca gacactcagg aagatggtta ttgacatggt gttagcaact
1801 gatatgtcta aaca
Figure A20058003698003804
atgag cctgctggca gacctgaaga caatggtaga aacgaagaaa
1861 gttacaagtt caggcgttct tctcctagac aactataccg atcgcattca ggtccttcgc
1921 aacatggtac actgtgcaga cctgagcaac cccaccaagt ccttggaatt gtatcggcaa
1981 tggacagacc gcatcatgga ggaatttttc cagcagggag acaaagagcg ggagagggga
2041 atggaaatta gcccaatgtg tgataaacac acagcttctgtggaaaaatc  ccaggttggt
2101 ttcatcgact acattgtcca tccattgtgg gagacatggg cagatttggt acagcctgat
2161 gctcaggaca ttctcgatac cttagaagat aacaggaact ggtatcagag catgatacct
2221 caaagtccct caccaccact ggacgagcag aacagggact gccagggtct gatggagaag
2281 tttcagtttg aactgactct cgatgaggaa gattctgaag gacctgagaa ggagggagag
2341 ggacacagc t  aa(NdeI位点被突变)
CTCGACTAGAGCCTGCAGTCTCGACCATCATCATCATCATCATTAATAAAAGGGCGAATTCCAGCACACT
                                 表4
PDE4B和PDE4D的催化结构域的比对,选择性位点(selectivity sites)由实心框表示。
                               表5
             按照实施例145-147所述被测定的化合物的活性
对于hTNFα和PDE4生物化学测定,IC50≤10μM的化合物用+表示,IC50>10μM的化合物用-表示。
对于rTNFα测定,抑制百分数≥20%的化合物用+表示,抑制百分数<20%的化合物用-表示。
不带有+或-的细胞在该测定中未进行分析。
化合物编号如实施例部分指明。
  化合物编号   %抑制r TNFα h TNFα PDE4B PDE4B2 PDE4D PDE4D5
  1   +   +   +   +   +
  5   +   +   +   +   +
  7  +50mg/kg口服或腹膜内   +   +   +   +
  8   +   +   +   +
  9   +   +   +   +
  10   +   +   +
  11   +   +   +   +
  12   -   +   +   +
  13   +   +   +
  14   +   +   +   +
  15   +   +   +
  16   +   +   +   +
  17   +   +   +   +   +
  18   +   +   +   +   +
  19   +   +   +
  21   +   +   +   +
  24   +   +   +   +   +
  25   +   +   +
  26   +   +   +   +
  27   +   +   +   +
  28   +   +   +   +
  29   +   +   +   +
  30   +   +   +   +
  31   +   +   +   +   +
  32   -   +   +   +   +
  33   +   +   -
  34   +   +   +   +
  35   -   -   -
  36   -   +   +   +   +
  37   +   +   +   +
  38   -   +   +   -
  39   +   +   -
  40   +   +   +
  41   +   +   +   +
  42   -   +   +   +   +
  43   +   +   +   +
  45   +   +   +
  46   +   +   +
  48   +55mg/kg口服   +   +   +   +
  50   +   +   +   +   +
  51   -   +   +   +
  52   +55mg/kg口服   +   +   +   +   +
  53   +   +   +   +   +
  54   -   +   +   +
  55   +   +   +   +
  56   +   +   +   +   +
  57   -   +   +   +
  58   +   +   +   +
  59   +   +   +   +
  60   +   +   +
  61   +55mg/kg口服   +   +   +   +   +
  62   +   +   +   +   +
  63   +   +   +   +   +
  64   +   +   +   +   +
  65   +   +   +   +   +
  66   +   +   +   +   +
  67   +   +   +   +
  68   +   +   +   +
  69   +   +   +   +   +
  70   +   +   +   +
  72   +   +   +   +
  73   +   +   +   +
  74   +   +   +   +
  75   +   +   +   +
  76   +   +   +   +
  77   +   +   +   +
  78   +   +   +   +
  79   +   +   +   +
  80   -   +   +   +
  82   +   +   +   +
83   +5mg/kg口服 + + + +
  84   +   +   +
  86   +   +   +
  87   +   +   +
  88   +   +   +   +   +
  89   +   +
  90   -   -   -
  91   -   +   +   +
  92   +   +   +
  93   +   +   +
  94   +   +
  95   +   +   +   +   +
  96   +   +   +   +   +
  97   +   +   +   -
  98   +   +
  99   +   +   +
  100   +   +   +   +   +
  101   +   +   +   +   +
  102   +   +   +   +   +
  103   +   +   +   +
  104   +   +   +   +
  105   +   +   +   +
  106   +   +   +
  107   +   +
  108   +   +
  109   +   +   +   +   +
  110   +55mg/kg口服   +   +   +   +
  111   +   +   +
  112   +33mg/kg口服   +   +
  113   +   +   +   +   +
  114   +   +   +   +
  115   +   +   +   +   +
  116   +   +   +   +   +
  117   -   +   +   +
  118   +   +
  119   +   +   +
  120   +   +
  121   +   +   +
  122   +   +   +
  123   +   +
  124   +   +   +   +
  125   +   +
126   +5mg/kg口服 + + + +
  127   +   +   +   +
  128   +   +   +
  129   +   +   +
  130   +   +   +
  131   +   +   +
  132   +   +   +
  135   +
  136   +   +
  137   +   +
  138   +   +   +
  139   -   +   +
  140   -   +   +
  141   +   +
  142   +   -   -
  143   +   +
  144   +   +   +   +   +
  145   +   +   +   +   +
                序列标识号(Sequence Identification Nos.)
SEQ ID NO:1磷酸二酯酶PDE4B(GenBank JC1519)
1   mkehggtfss tgisggsgds amdslqplqp nympvclfae esyqklamet leeldwcldq
61  letiqtyrsv semasnkfkr mlnrelthls emsrsgnqvs eyisntfldk qndveipspt
121 qkdrekkkkq qlmtqisgvk klmhssslnn tsisrfgvnt enedhlakel edlnkwglni
181 fnvagyshnr pltcimyaif qerdllktfr issdtfitym mtledhyhsd vayhnslhaa
241 dvaqsthvll stpaldavft dleilaaifa aaihdvdhpg vsnqflintn selalmynde
301 svlenhhlav gfkllqeehc difmnltkkq rqtlrkmvid mvlatdmskh mslladlktm
361 vetkkvtssg vllldnytdr iqvlrnmvhc adlsnptksl elyrqwtdri meeffqqgdk
421 erergmeisp mcdkhtasve ksqvgfidyi vhplwetwad lvqpdaqdil dtlednrnwy
481 qsmipqspsp pldeqnrdcq glmekfqfel tldeedsegp ekegeghsyf sstktlcvid
541 penrdslget didiatedks pvdt
SEQ ID NO:2磷酸二酯酶PDE4D(GenBank NP_006194)
1   mmhvnnfpfr rhswicfdvd ngtsagrspl dpmtspgsgl ilqanfvhsq rresflyrsd
61  sdydlspksm srnssiasdi hgddlivtpf aqvlaslrtv rnnfaaltnl qdrapskrsp
121 mcnqpsinka titeeayqkl asetleeldw cldqletlqt rhsvsemasn kfkrmlnrel
181 thlsemsrsg nqvsefisnt fldkqhevei psptqkekek kkrpmsqisg vkklmhsssl
241 tnssiprfgv kteqedvlak eledvnkwgl hvfriaelsg nrpltvimht ifqerdllkt
301 fkipvdtlit ylmtledhyh advayhnnih aadvvqsthv llstpaleav ftdleilaai
361 fasaihdvdh pgvsnqflin tnselalmyn dssvlenhhl avgfkllqee ncdifqnltk
421 kqrqslrkmv idivlatdms khmnlladlk tmvetkkvts sgvllldnys driqvlqnmv
481 hcadlsnptk plqlyrqwtd rimeeffrqg drerergmei spmcdkhnas veksqvgfid
541 yivhplwetw adlvhpdaqd ildtlednre wyqstipqsp spapddpeeg rqgqtekfqf
601 eltleedges dtekdsgsqv eedtscsdsk tlctqdsest eipldeqvee eavgeeeesq
661 peacviddrs pdt
SEQ ID NO:3磷酸二酯酶PDE4D(GenBank NP_002591)
1   mkksrsvmtv maddnvkdyf ecslsksyss ssntlgidlw rgrrccsgnl qlpplsqrqs
61  erartpegdg isrpttlplt tlpsiaittv sqecfdveng pspgrspldp qasssaglvl
121 hatfpghsqr resflyrsds dydlspkams rnsslpseqh gddlivtpfa qvlaslrsvr
181 nnftiltnlh gtsnkrspaa sqppvsrvnp qeesyqklam etleeldwcl dqletiqtyr
241 svsemasnkf krmlnrelth lsemsrsgnq vseyisntfl dkqndveips ptqkdrekkk
301 kqqlmtqisg vkklmhsssl nntsisrfgv ntenedhlak eledlnkwgl nifnvagysh
361 nrpltcimya ifqerdllkt frissdtfit ymmtledhyh sdvayhnslh aadvaqsthv
421 llstpaldav ftdleilaai faaaihdvdh pgvsnqflin tnselalmyn desvlenhhl
481 avgfkllqee hcdifmnltk kqrqtlrkmv idmvlatdms khmslladlk tmvetkkvts
541 sgvllldnyt driqvlrnmv hcadlsnptk slelyrqwtd rimeeffqqg dkerergmei
601 spmcdkhtas veksqvgfid yivhplwetw adlvqpdaqd ildtlednrn wyqsmipqsp
661 sppldeqnrd cqglmekfqf eltldeedse gpekegeghs yfsstktlcv idpenrdslg
721 etdidiated kspvdt
SEQ ID NO:4磷酸二酯酶PDE4D(GenBank NM_002600)
1    gcggccgcgg cggtgcagca gaggcgcctc gggcaggagg agggcggctt ctgcgagggc
61   agcctgaggt attaaaaagt gtcagcaaac tgcattgaat aacagacatc ctaagagggg
121  atattttcca cctctataat gaagaaaagc aggagtgtga tgacggtgat ggctgatgat
181  aatgttaaag attattttga atgtagcttg agtaaatcct acagttcttc cagtaacaca
241  cttgggatcg acctctggag agggagaagg tgttgctcag gaaacttaca gttaccacca
301  ctgtctcaaa gacagagtga aagggcaagg actcctgagg gagatggtat ttccaggccg
361  accacactgc ctttgacaac gcttccaagc attgctatta caactgtaag ccaggagtgc
421  tttgatgtgg aaaatggccc ttccccaggt cggagtccac tggatcccca ggccagctct
481  tccgctgggc tggtacttca cgccaccttt cctgggcaca gccagcgcag agagtcattt
541  ctctacagat cagacagcga ctatgacttg tcaccaaagg cgatgtcgag aaactcttct
601  cttccaagcg agcaacacgg cgatgacttg attgtaactc cttttgccca ggtccttgcc
661  agcttgcgaa gtgtgagaaa caacttcact atactgacaa accttcatgg tacatctaac
721  aagaggtccc cagctgctag tcagcctcct gtctccagag tcaacccaca agaagaatct
781  tatcaaaaat tagcaatgga aacgctggag gaattagact ggtgtttaga ccagctagag
841  accatacaga cctaccggtc tgtcagtgag atggcttcta acaagttcaa aagaatgctg
901  aaccgggagc tgacacacct ctcagagatg agccgatcag ggaaccaggt gtctgaatac
961  atttcaaata ctttcttaga caagcagaat gatgtggaga tcccatctcc tacccagaaa
1021 gacagggaga aaaagaaaaa gcagcagctc atgacccaga taagtggagt gaagaaatta
1081 atgcatagtt caagcctaaa caatacaagc atctcacgct ttggagtcaa cactgaaaat
1141 gaagatcacc tggccaagga gctggaagac ctgaacaaat ggggtcttaa catctttaat
1201 gtggctggat attctcacaa tagaccccta acatgcatca tgtatgctat attccaggaa
1261 agagacctcc taaagacatt cagaatctca tctgacacat ttataaccta catgatgact
1321 ttagaagacc attaccattc tgacgtggca tatcacaaca gcctgcacgc tgctgatgta
1381 gcccagtcga cccatgttct cctttctaca ccagcattag acgctgtctt cacagatttg
1441 gagatcctgg ctgccatttt tgcagctgcc atccatgacg ttgatcatcc tggagtctcc
1501 aatcagtttc tcatcaacac aaattcagaa cttgctttga tgtataatga tgaatctgtg
1561 ttggaaaatc atcaccttgc tgtgggtttc aaactgctgc aagaagaaca ctgtgacatc
1621 ttcatgaatc tcaccaagaa gcagcgtcag acactcagga agatggttat tgacatggtg
1681 ttagcaactg atatgtctaa acatatgagc ctgctggcag acctgaagac aatggtagaa
1741 acgaagaaag ttacaagttc aggcgttctt ctcctagaca actataccga tcgcattcag
1801 gtccttcgca acatggtaca ctgtgcagac ctgagcaacc ccaccaagtc cttggaattg
1861 tatcggcaat ggacagaccg catcatggag gaatttttcc agcagggaga caaagagcgg
1921 gagaggggaa tggaaattag cccaatgtgt gataaacaca cagcttctgt ggaaaaatcc
1981 caggttggtt tcatcgacta cattgtccat ccattgtggg agacatgggc agatttggta
2041 cagcctgatg ctcaggacat tctcgatacc ttagaagata acaggaaetg gtatcagagc
2101 atgatacctc aaagtccctc accaccactg gacgagcaga acagggactg ccagggtctg
2161 atggagaagt ttcagtttga actgactctc gatgaggaag attctgaagg acctgagaag
2221 gagggagagg gacacagcta tttcagcagc acaaagacgc tttgtgtgat tgatccagaa
2281 aacagagatt ccctgggaga gactgacata gacattgcaa cagaagacaa gtcccccgtg
2341 gatacataat ccccctctcc ctgtggagat gaacattcta tccttgatga gcatgccagc
2401 tatgtggtag ggccagccca ccatgggggc caagacctgc acaggacaag ggccacctgg
2461 cctttcagtt acttgagttt ggagtcagaa agcaagacca ggaagcaaat agcagctcag
2521 gaaatcccac ggttgacttg ccttgatggc aagcttggtg gagagggctg aagctgttgc
2581 tgggggccga ttctgatcaa gacacatggc ttgaaaatgg aagacacaaa actgagagat
2641 cattctgcac taagtttcgg gaacttatcc ccgacagtga ctgaactcac tgactaataa
2701 cttcatttat gaatcttctc acttgtccct ttgtctgcca acctgtgtgc cttttttgta
2761 aaacattttc atgtctttaa aatgcctgtt gaatacctgg agtttagtat caacttctac
2821 acagataagc tttcaaagtt gacaaacttt tttgactctt tctggaaaag ggaaagaaaa
2881 tagtcttcct tctttcttgg gcaatatcct tcactttact acagttactt ttgcaaacag
2941 acagaaagga tacacttcta accacatttt acttccttcc cctgttgtcc agtccaactc
3001 cacagtcact cttaaaactt ctctctgttt gcctgcctcc aacagtactt ttaacttttt
3061 gctgtaaaca gaataaaatt gaacaaatta gggggtagaa aggagcagtg gtgtcgttca
3121 ccgtgagagt ctgcatagaa ctcagcagtg tgccctgctg tgtcttggac cctgcaatgc
3181 ggccgc
SEQ ID NO:5磷酸二酯酶PDE4D(GenBank AAB96381)
1   mtakdsskel tasepevcik tfkeqmhlel elprlpgnrp tspkisprss prnspcffrk
61  llvnksirqr rrftvahtcf dvengpspgr spldpqasss aglvlhatfp ghsqrresfl
121 yrsdsdydls pkamsrnssl pseqhgddli vtpfaqvlas lrsvrnnfti ltnlhgtsnk
181 rspaasqppv srvnpqeesy qklametlee ldwcldqlet iqtyrsvsem asnkfkrmln
241 relthlsems rsgnqvseyi sntfldkqnd veipsptqkd rekkkkqqlm tqisgvkklm
301 hssslnntsi srfgvntene dhlakeledl nkwglnifnv agyshnrplt cimyaifqer
361 dllktfriss dtfitymmtl edhyhsdvay hnslhaadva qsthvllstp aldavftdle
421 ilaaifaaai hdvdhpgvsn qflintnsel almyndesvl enhhlavgfk llqeehcdif
481 mnltkkqrqt lrkmvidmvl atdmskhmsl ladlktmvet kkvtssgvll ldnytdriqv
541 lrnmvhcadl snptkslely rqwtdrimee ffqqgdkere rgmeispmcd khtasveksq
601 vgfidyivhp lwetwadlvq pdaqdildtl ednrnwyqsm ipqspsppld eqnrdcqglm
661 ekfqfeltld eedsegpeke geghsyfsst ktlcvidpen rdslgetdid iatedkspvd
721 t
SEQ ID NO:6磷酸二酯酶PDE4D(AAA35643)
1   itdtssrrgv ggklgtshpr qsttvicspg geswkegasv qimkehggtf sstgisggsg
61  dsamdslqpl qpnympvclf aeesyqklam etleeldwcl dqletiqtyr svsemasnkf
121 krmlnrelth lsemsrsgnq vseyisntfl dkqndveips ptqkdrekkk kqqlmtqisg
181 vkklmhsssl nntsisrfgv ntenedhlak eledlnkwgl nifnvagysh nrpltcimya
241 ifqerdllkt frissdtfit ymmtledhyh sdvayhnslh aadvaqsthv llstpaldav
301 ftdleilaai faaaihdvdh pgvsnqflin tnselalmyn desvlenhhl avgfkllqee
361 hcdifmnltk kqrqtlrkmv idmvlatdms khmslladlk tmvetkkvts sgvllldnyt
421 driqvlrnmv hcadlsnptk slelyrqwtd rimeeffqqg dkerergmei spmcdkhtas
481 veksqvgfid yivhplwetw adlvqpdaqd ildtlednrn wyqsmipqsp sppldeqnrd
541 cqglmekfqf eltldeedse gpekegeghs yfsstktlcv idpenrdslg etdidiated
601 kspvdt
权利要求书
(按照条约第19条的修改)
1.化合物,具有下列化学结构:
其所有盐、前体药物、互变异构体和同分异构体,
其中:
k选自-CR6R7R19、-C(Z)R8、-C(Z)NR12R13、-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14
Z是O、S或NR9
t是CH;
y是N或CH;
v、w和x是CH;
A具有选自下列的结构:
Figure A20058003698003922
Figure A20058003698003931
R6和R7独立地选自氢、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基、任选取代的低碳炔基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的环烷基烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的芳烷基、任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R8,在各种情况下,独立地选自-OR9;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R8是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与C(Z)结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R8是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与C(Z)结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R9,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R9是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与O、N或S结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R9是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与O、N或S结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R10和R11,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R10和/或R11是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R10和/或R11是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8;-C(Z)NR12R13;-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14;或
R10和R11连同它们与之连接的氮共同形成5-7元的任选取代的杂环烷基或任选取代的杂芳环;
R12和R13,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R12和/或R13是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R12和/或R13是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;或
R12和R13连同它们与之连接的氮共同形成5-7元的任选取代的杂环烷基或任选取代的杂芳环;
R14,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R14是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与-S(O)2-结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R14是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与-S(O)2-结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R15,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R15是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R15是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8和-C(Z)NR12R13;或
每一R15连同与之连接的氧,结合形成与苯环稠合的5-7元任选取代的杂环烷基环;
R16选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R16是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R16是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8和-C(Z)NR12R13
R17选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R17是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与N、O或S结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R17是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与N、O或S结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R18选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基;任选取代的低碳炔基;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8;-OR9;-SR9;-NR10R11;-C(Z)NR12R13;-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14;和
R19选自任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基、任选取代的低碳炔基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的环烷基烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的芳烷基、任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
然而,条件是,所述化合物不是
Figure A20058003698003951
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中y是CH。
3.权利要求1的化合物,其中y是N。
4.权利要求3或权利要求99的化合物,
其中k选自-CH2R19、-C(Z)R8、-C(Z)NR12R13、-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14;和
其中R8、R12、R13、R14和R19选自任选取代的低碳烷基、芳基和杂芳基,
其中所述芳基和杂芳基任选地用1-3个取代基取代,所述取代基选自卤素、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烷氧基、任选取代的低碳硫代烷基、任选取代的芳氧基、任选取代的杂芳氧基、任选取代的氨基、任选取代的羧基、任选取代的烷基磺酰氨基、氰基和硝基。
5.权利要求3或权利要求99的化合物,其中A具有下列结构:
Figure A20058003698003952
6.权利要求5的化合物,具有下列结构:
Figure A20058003698003961
7.权利要求5的化合物,具有下列结构:
Figure A20058003698003962
8.权利要求5的化合物,具有下列结构:
9.权利要求8的化合物,
其中k选自-CH2R19、-C(Z)R8、-C(Z)NR12R13、-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14;和
其中R8、R12、R13、R14和R19选自任选取代的低碳烷基、芳基和杂芳基,
其中所述芳基和杂芳基任选地用1-3个取代基取代,所述取代基选自卤素、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烷氧基、任选取代的低碳硫代烷基、任选取代的芳氧基、任选取代的杂芳氧基、任选取代的氨基、任选取代的羧基、任选取代的烷基磺酰氨基、氰基和硝基。
10.权利要求9的化合物,其中R15,在每一情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的芳基和任选取代的杂芳基,或每一R15连同与之结合的氧联合形成与苯环稠合的5-7元任选取代的杂环烷基环。
11.权利要求10的化合物,其中R15是任选取代的低碳烷基,所述低碳烷基任选地用1-3个取代基取代,所述取代基选自氟、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的芳基和任选取代的杂芳基。
12.组合物,包括:
根据权利要求1-11、96-98或99中的任何一项的化合物,和药物学上可接受的载体。
13.治疗患有PDE4B调节提供治疗益处的疾病或状态或处于所述疾病或状态的风险中的对象的方法,包括:
给予所述对象有效量的具有下列化学结构的化合物:
Figure A20058003698003971
其中:
k选自-CR6R7R19、-C(Z)R8、-C(Z)NR12R13、-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14
Z是O、S或NR9
t、u、v、w、x和y各自独立地是N或CR1,然而,条件是,u和t中的不多于一个是N,v、w、x和y中的不多于2个是N;
R1,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢、卤素、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基、任选取代的低碳炔基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的环烷基烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基烷基、任选取代的芳烷基、任选取代的杂芳烷基、-C(Z)R8、-OR9、-SR9、-NR10R11、-C(Z)NR12R13、-S(O)2NR12R13、-S(O)2R14和A,然而,条件是,至少一个R1是A;
A选自取代的芳基和取代的杂芳基;
R6和R7独立地选自氢、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基、任选取代的低碳炔基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的环烷基烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的芳烷基、任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R8,在各种情况下,独立地选自-OR9;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R8是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与C(Z)结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R8是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与C(Z)结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R9,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R9是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与O、N或S结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R9是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与O、N或S结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R10和R11独立地选自氢;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R10和/或R11是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R10和/或R11是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8;-C(Z)NR12R13;-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14
R10和R11连同它们与之连接的氮共同形成5-7元的任选取代的杂环烷基或任选取代的杂芳环;
R12和R13,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R12和/或R13是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R12和/或R13是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;或
R12和R13连同它们与之连接的氮共同形成5-7元的任选取代的杂环烷基或任选取代的杂芳环;
R14,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R14是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与-S(O)2-结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R14是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与-S(O)2-结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;和
R19选自任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基、任选取代的低碳炔基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的环烷基烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的芳烷基、任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基。
14.权利要求13的化合物,其中A具有选自下列的结构:
Figure A20058003698003991
其中:
R15,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R15是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R15是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8和-C(Z)NR12R13;或
每一R15连同与之结合的氧,联合形成与苯环稠合的5-7元任选取代的杂环烷基环;
R16,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R16是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R16是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8和-C(Z)NR12R13
R17,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R17是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与N、O或S结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R17是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与N、O或S结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;和
R18选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基;任选取代的低碳炔基;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8;-OR9;-SR9;-NR10R11;-C(Z)NR12R13;-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14
15.权利要求14的方法,其中A具有下列结构:
16.权利要求15的方法,其中t、u、v、w、x和y中的不多于一个是N。
17.权利要求16的方法,其中t是CH,y是N,u、v、w和x中的一个是C-A,u、v、w和x中的其它是CH。
18.权利要求17的方法,其中所述化合物具有下列结构:
Figure A20058003698004011
19.权利要求13的方法,其中所述化合物被批准施用给人类。
20.权利要求19的方法,其中所述疾病或状态是PDE4B介导的疾病或状态。
21.权利要求19的方法,其中所述疾病或状态选自哮喘、支气管炎、过敏性支气管炎、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、囊性纤维化、先天性肺纤维化、结节病、肺动脉高压、过敏性支气管炎、肺气肿、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨延顿舞蹈病、多发性硬化、类风湿性关节炎、Crohn病、脑缺血、炎性肠病、溃疡性结肠炎、异位性皮炎、骨质疏松症、骨硬化病、佩吉特病、弥散性大细胞B细胞淋巴瘤、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、急性淋巴细胞白血病、严重急性呼吸综合征和早产。
22.试剂盒,包括权利要求12的组合物。
23.权利要求22的试剂盒,还包括所述组合物被批准施用给人类的书面说明。
24.权利要求23的方法,其中所述组合物被批准用于适应症,所述适应症选自哮喘、支气管炎、过敏性支气管炎、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、囊性纤维化、先天性肺纤维化、结节病、肺动脉高压、过敏性支气管炎、肺气肿、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨延顿舞蹈病、多发性硬化、类风湿性关节炎、Crohn病、脑缺血、炎性肠病、溃疡性结肠炎、异位性皮炎、骨质疏松症、骨硬化病、佩吉特病、弥散性大细胞B细胞淋巴瘤、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、急性淋巴细胞白血病、严重急性呼吸综合征和早产。
25.开发对PDE4具有活性的改进调节剂的方法,包括:
确定式I所示的多种测试化合物中的任意一种相对于对PDE4具有活性的参照化合物,是否在一种或多种所需药学性质方面提供改进,和
选择在所述的所需药学性质方面存在改进的那些化合物,从而提供改进的调节剂。
26.权利要求25的方法,其中所述的所需药学性质是,对PDE4B的活性是对PDE4D的活性的至少10倍。
27.权利要求25的方法,其中所述的所需药学性质是,IC50为O.10μM以下。
28.权利要求25的方法,其中所述的参照化合物是式I的化合物。
29.权利要求25的方法,其中所述改进调节剂的至少一种衍生物被用作参照化合物,并且所述确定和选择被重复。
30.开发对PDE4B具有改进特异性的配体的方法,包括:
鉴定与多种磷酸二酯酶结合的化合物;和
确定所述化合物的衍生物对PDE4B的特异性是否比所述化合物高,从而提供对PDE4B具有改进特异性的配体。
31.权利要求30的方法,其中所述化合物与PDE4B的结合亲和力是与所述多种磷酸二酯酶中的任何一种的结合亲和力的至少10倍。
32.权利要求30的方法,其中所述化合物与至少一个保守的PDE4B活性部位残基相互作用。
33.权利要求30的方法,其中所述化合物与所述多种磷酸二酯酶微弱结合。
34.权利要求30的方法,其中所述多种磷酸二酯酶包括PDE4B和PDE4D。
35.权利要求30的方法,其中所述多种磷酸二酯酶包括PDE4B和PDE5A。
36.权利要求30的方法,其中所述化合物是式I的化合物。
37.晶体,包括PDE4B磷酸二酯酶结构域的晶体形式,具有表1或表2所述的坐标。
38.权利要求37的晶体,含有一种或多种重金属原子。
39.权利要求37的晶体,其中所述晶体形式包括PDE4B和结合化合物的共晶体。
40.权利要求39的晶体形式,其中所述结合化合物与至少一个保守的PDE4B活性部位残基相互作用。
41.权利要求39的晶体形式,其中所述共晶体处于X线束中。
42.权利要求37的晶体形式,其中所述晶体处于X线束中。
43.用于获得PDE4B晶体的方法,包括:
使5-20mg/ml的PDE4B蛋白经受结晶条件,所述结晶条件基本上等价于30%PEG 400、0.2M MgCl2、O.1M Tris pH 8.5、1mM结合化合物,4℃;或者20%PEG3000、0.2M Ca(OAc)2、0.1M Tris pH 7.0、1mM结合化合物、15.9mg/ml蛋白质,4℃;或者1.8M-2.0M硫酸铵、0.1M CAPS pH 10.0-10.5、0.2M硫酸锂。
44.权利要求43的方法,还包括优化所述结晶条件。
45.PDE4B和PDE4B结合化合物的共晶体,其中所述结合化合物包括式I的化合物。
46.权利要求45的共晶体,其中所述共晶体处于X线束中。
47.用于确定磷酸二酯酶结构的方法,包括:
从PDE4B结构的电子表示建立同源模型,其中所述PDE4B结构表现出表1或表2的原子坐标;和将所述同源模型等同至磷酸二酯酶的所述结构。
48.权利要求47的方法,其中所述建立包括:
鉴定PDE4B和所述磷酸二酯酶之间的保守氨基酸残基;
将所述PDE4B中的多个保守氨基酸的原子坐标转移到所述磷酸二酯酶的相应氨基酸,以提供所述磷酸二酯酶的粗略结构;和
用所述磷酸二酯酶中的剩余氨基酸残基的结构的电子表示构建代表所述磷酸二酯酶的剩余部分的结构。
49.权利要求48的方法,还包括将所述同源模型拟合到来自所述磷酸二酯酶的一种或多种晶体的低分辨率x线衍射数据。
50.权利要求48的方法,其中应用来自表1或表2的保守残基的坐标。
51.权利要求48的方法,其中所述磷酸二酯酶是PDE5A。
52.PDE4B晶体结构的电子表示,含有对应于在表1或表2中列出的坐标的原子坐标表示。
53.权利要求52的电子表示,包括示意图表示。
54.权利要求52的电子表示,其中所述PDE4B基本上由PDE4B磷酸二酯酶结构域组成。
55.磷酸二酯酶的基于PDE4B同源模型的电子表示,其中所述同源模型利用表1或表2中的保守残基原子坐标。
56.开发生物试剂的方法,包括:
分析PDE4B晶体结构和鉴定用于形成所述生物试剂的至少一种亚结构。
57.权利要求56的方法,其中所述亚结构包括表位,所述方法还包括开发针对所述表位的抗体。
58.权利要求56的方法,其中所述亚结构包括有望提供改变的活性的突变位点,所述方法还包括在所述位点产生突变从而提供修饰的PDE4B。
59.权利要求56的方法,其中所述亚结构包括用于连接单独部分的连接点。
60.权利要求56的方法,其中所述单独部分选自肽、多肽、固相材料、接头和标签。
61.权利要求56的方法,还包括连接所述单独部分。
62.用于鉴定具有结合PDE4B的潜力的化合物的方法,包括:
在PDE4B结合部位的电子表示中拟合化合物的至少一种电子表示,其中所述结合部位包括表4的保守的结合部位残基的坐标的电子表示。
63.权利要求62的方法,其中所述电子表示还包括在所述结合部位中络合的结合化合物的电子表示。
64.权利要求63的方法,包括:
去除与PDE4B络合的化合物的计算机表示,和拟合来自计算机数据库的化合物的计算机表示和PDE4B活性部位的计算机表示;和
根据有利的几何配合和能量上有利的互补相互作用,将最配合所述活性部位的化合物鉴定为潜在的结合化合物。
65.权利要求63的方法,包括:
通过对一个或多个化学基团进行删除或添加或删除并添加来修饰与PDE4B络合的化合物的计算机表示;
拟合来自计算机数据库的化合物的计算机表示和PDE4B活性部位的计算机表示;和
根据有利的几何配合和能量上有利的互补相互作用将最配合所述活性部位的化合物鉴定为潜在的结合化合物。
66.权利要求63的方法,包括:
去除与PDE4B络合的化合物的计算机表示;和
应用化合物搜索计算机程序搜索数据库中与所述化合物具有结构相似性的化合物,或利用化合物构建计算机程序用相似的化学结构置换所述化合物的一部分。
67.权利要求63的方法,其中与PDE4B络合的所述化合物是不可水解的cGMP类似物。
68.权利要求62的方法,其中所述拟合包括确定所述化合物是否会与一个或多个保守的PDE4B活性部位残基相互作用。
69.将PDE4B结合化合物或其衍生物连接到连接成分以便保持所述PDE4B结合化合物与PDE4B的实质上的结合的方法,包括:
在用于连接的能量许可部位将所述PDE4B结合化合物或其衍生物连接到所述连接成分。
70.权利要求69的方法,其中所述连接成分是用于连接到固相介质的接头,所述方法还包括通过在所述能量许可部位连接的接头将所述化合物或衍生物连接到固相介质。
71.权利要求69的方法,其中所述磷酸二酯酶包括与至少一个保守的PDE4B活性部位残基相匹配的保守残基。
72.权利要求70的方法,其中所述接头是无痕接头。
73.权利要求70的方法,其中所述磷酸二酯酶结合化合物或其衍生物在与所述固相介质连接的所述接头上被合成。
74.权利要求73的方法,其中多种所述化合物或其衍生物在组合合成中被合成。
75.权利要求70的方法,其中所述化合物与所述固相介质的连接提供了亲和介质。
76.权利要求69的方法,其中所述连接成分包括标签。
77.权利要求76的方法,其中所述标签包括荧光团。
78.修饰的化合物,包括PDE4B结合化合物,其带有在能量许可部位与其连接的接头部分,以便将所述修饰的化合物结合到PDE4B。
79.权利要求78的化合物,其中所述接头被连接到固相。
80.权利要求78的化合物,其中所述接头包括标签或被连接到标签。
81.权利要求78的化合物,其中所述接头是无痕接头。
82.权利要求78的化合物,其中所述结合化合物是式I的化合物。
83.用于开发磷酸二酯酶配体的方法,所述磷酸二酯酶包括与一个或多个保守的PDE4B活性部位残基相匹配的保守残基,所述方法包括:
确定与所述磷酸二酯酶结合的PDE4B结合化合物是否与晶体结构中的所述一个或多个保守的PDE4B活性部位残基相互作用。
84.权利要求83的方法,其中所述磷酸二酯酶包括与至少两个保守的PDE4B活性部位残基相匹配的保守残基。
85.权利要求83的方法,还包括确定所述化合物是否调节所述磷酸二酯酶。
86.权利要求83的方法,其中所述确定包括在所述磷酸二酯酶的结合部位中计算机拟合所述化合物。
87.权利要求83的方法,还包括形成所述磷酸二酯酶和所述化合物的共晶体。88.权利要求83的方法,还包括确定所述化合物和所述磷酸二酯酶的结合方向。
89.权利要求83的方法,其中所述结合化合物是式I的化合物。
90.鉴定在PDE4B和PDE4D之间具有选择性的化合物的方法,包括:
分析化合物是否在PDE4B和PDE4D中在至少一个差异部位有差异性相互作用,其中差异性相互作用提示了所述选择性。
91.权利要求90的方法,其中所述分析包括:
在PDE4B和PDE4D的结合部位的电子表示中拟合所述化合物的电子表示,和
根据所述拟合确定所述化合物是否具有差异相互作用。
92.权利要求90的方法,包括:
将起始化合物的电子表示拟合到PDE4B和PDE4D的结合部位的电子表示,其中所述起始化合物与PDE4B和PDE4D都结合;
对具有与至少一个差异部位相互作用的至少一个部分的所述起始化合物的所述电子表示进行修饰;和
确定修饰的化合物是否与PDE4B和PDE4D差异结合。
93.权利要求92的方法,其中所述修饰的化合物的差异结合比所述起始化合物具有更高的程度。
94.权利要求90的方法,还包括分析差异性相互作用的化合物对PDE4B和PDE4D的差异活性。
95.权利要求90的化合物,其中所述化合物是式I的化合物。
96.化合物,具有下列化学结构:
Figure A20058003698004081
其所有盐、前体药物、互变异构体和同分异构体,
其中:
k选自-CR6R7R19、-C(Z)R8、-C(Z)NR12R13、-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14
Z是O、S或NR9
t是N或CH;
y是N或CH,条件是t和y不都是N;
v、w和x是CH;
A具有选自下列的结构:
Figure A20058003698004082
R6和R7独立地选自氢、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基、任选取代的低碳炔基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的环烷基烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的芳烷基、任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R8,在各种情况下,独立地选自-OR9;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R8是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与C(Z)结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R8是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与C(Z)结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R9,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R9是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与O、N或S结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R9是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与O、N或S结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R10和R11,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R10和/或R11是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R10和/或R11是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8;-C(Z)NR12R13;-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14;或
R10和R11连同它们与之连接的氮共同形成5-7元的任选取代的杂环烷基或任选取代的杂芳环;
R12和R13,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R12和/或R13是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R12和/或R13是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;或
R12和R13连同它们与之连接的氮共同形成5-7元的任选取代的杂环烷基或任选取代的杂芳环;
R14,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R14是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与-S(O)2-结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R14是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与-S(O)2-结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R15,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R15是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R15是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8和-C(Z)NR12R13;或
每一R15连同与之结合的氧,联合形成与苯环稠合的5-7元任选取代的杂环烷基环;
R16选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R16是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R16是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8和-C(Z)NR12R13
R17选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R17是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与N、O或S结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R17是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与N、O或S结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R18选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基;任选取代的低碳炔基;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8;-OR9;-SR9;-NR10R11;-C(Z)NR12R13;-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14;和
R19选自任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基、任选取代的低碳炔基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的环烷基烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的芳烷基、任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
然而,条件是,所述化合物不是
Figure A20058003698004111
97.化合物,具有选自下列的化学结构:
Figure A20058003698004112
其所有盐、前体药物、互变异构体和同分异构体,
其中:
k选自-CR6R7R19、-C(Z)R8、-C(Z)NR12R13、-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14
Z是O、S或NR9
t是N或CH;
y是N或CH,条件是t和y不都是N;
u、v、w和x是CH;
A具有选自下列的结构:
Figure A20058003698004113
Figure A20058003698004121
R6和R7独立地选自氢、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基、任选取代的低碳炔基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的环烷基烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的芳烷基、任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R8,在各种情况下,独立地选自-OR9;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R8是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与C(Z)结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R8是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与C(Z)结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R9,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R9是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与O、N或S结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R9是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与O、N或S结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R10和R11,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R10和/或R11是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R10和/或R11是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8;-C(Z)NR12R13;-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14;或
R10和R11连同它们与之连接的氮共同形成5-7元的任选取代的杂环烷基或任选取代的杂芳环;
R12和R13,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R12和/或R13是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R12和/或R13是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;或
R12和R13连同它们与之连接的氮共同形成5-7元的任选取代的杂环烷基或任选取代的杂芳环;
R14,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R14是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与-S(O)2-结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R14是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与-S(O)2-结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R15,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R15是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R15是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8和-C(Z)NR12R13;或
每一R15连同与之结合的氧,联合形成与苯环稠合的5-7元任选取代的杂环烷基环;
R16选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R16是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R16是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8和-C(Z)NR12R13
R17选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R17是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与N、O或S结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R17是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与N、O或S结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R18选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基;任选取代的低碳炔基;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8;-OR9;-SR9;-NR10R11;-C(Z)NR12R13;-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14;和
R19选自任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基、任选取代的低碳炔基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的环烷基烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的芳烷基、任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基。
98.权利要求97的化合物,其中t和y是CH。
99.权利要求97的化合物,其中t是CH,y是N。

Claims (95)

1.化合物,具有下列化学结构:
Figure A2005800369800002C1
其所有盐、前体药物、互变异构体和同分异构体,
其中:
k选自-CR6R7R19、-C(Z)R8、-C(Z)NR12R13、-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14
Z是O、S或NR9
t是N或CH;
y是N或CH,条件是t和y不都是N;
u、v、w和x中的一个是C-A,u、v、w和x中的其它是CH;
A具有选自下列的结构:
Figure A2005800369800002C2
Figure A2005800369800003C1
R6和R7独立地选自氢、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基、任选取代的低碳炔基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的环烷基烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的芳烷基、任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R8,在各种情况下,独立地选自-OR9;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R8是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与C(Z)结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R8是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与C(Z)结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R9,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R9是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与O、N或S结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R9是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与O、N或S结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R10和R11,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R10和/或R11是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R10和/或R11是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8;-C(Z)NR12R13;-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14;或
R10和R11连同它们与之连接的氮共同形成5-7元的任选取代的杂环烷基或任选取代的杂芳环;
R12和R13,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R12和/或R13是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R12和/或R13是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;或
R12和R13连同它们与之连接的氮共同形成5-7元的任选取代的杂环烷基或任选取代的杂芳环;
R14,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R14是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与-S(O)2-结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R14是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与-S(O)2-结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R15,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R15是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R15是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8和-C(Z)NR12R13;或
每一R15连同与之连接的氧,结合形成与苯环稠合的5-7元任选取代的杂环烷基环;
R16选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R16是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R16是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8和-C(Z)NR12R13
R17选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R17是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与N、O或S结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R17是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与N、O或S结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R18选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基;任选取代的低碳炔基;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8;-OR9;-SR9;-NR10R11;-C(Z)NR12R13;-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14
R19选自任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基、任选取代的低碳炔基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的环烷基烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的芳烷基、任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
然而,条件是,所述化合物不是
Figure A2005800369800005C1
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中所述t和y是CH。
3.权利要求1的化合物,其中所述t是CH,y是N。
4.权利要求3的化合物,
其中k选自-CH2R19、-C(Z)R8、-C(Z)NR12R13、-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14;其中R8、R12、R13、R14和R19选自任选取代的低碳烷基、芳基和杂芳基,
其中所述芳基和杂芳基任选地用1-3个取代基取代,所述取代基选自卤素、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烷氧基、任选取代的低碳硫代烷基、任选取代的芳氧基、任选取代的杂芳氧基、任选取代的氨基、任选取代的羧基、任选取代的烷基磺酰氨基、氰基和硝基;和
其中Z、t、y、u、v、w、x、A、R6、R7、R9、R15、R16、R17和R18如上所限定。
5.权利要求3的化合物,其中A具有下列结构:
6.权利要求5的化合物,
其中t、u、w和x各自是CH,v是C-A,y是N,从而提供具有下列结构的化合物:
Figure A2005800369800006C1
7.权利要求5的化合物,
其中t、u、v和x各自是CH,w是C-A,y是N,从而提供具有下列结构的化合物:
Figure A2005800369800006C2
8.权利要求1的化合物,
其中t、v、w和x是CH,u是C-A,y是N,
其中A具有下列结构:
Figure A2005800369800006C3
其中k、Z、R6、R7、R8、R9、R12、R13、R14、R15和R19如上所限定;
从而提供具有下列化学结构的化合物:
Figure A2005800369800007C1
9.权利要求8的化合物,
其中k选自-CH2R19、-C(Z)R8、-C(Z)NR12R13、-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14
其中R8、R12、R13、R14和R19选自任选取代的低碳烷基、芳基和杂芳基,
其中所述芳基和杂芳基任选地用1-3个取代基取代,所述取代基选自卤素、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烷氧基、任选取代的低碳硫代烷基、任选取代的芳氧基、任选取代的杂芳氧基、任选取代的氨基、任选取代的羧基、任选取代的烷基磺酰氨基、氰基和硝基。
10.权利要求9的化合物,其中R15,在每一情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的芳基和任选取代的杂芳基,或每一R15连同与之结合的氧联合形成与苯环稠合的5-7元任选取代的杂环烷基环。
11.权利要求10的化合物,其中R15是任选取代的低碳烷基,所述低碳烷基任选地用1-3个取代基取代,所述取代基选自氟、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的芳基和任选取代的杂芳基。
12.组合物,包括:
根据权利要求1的化合物,和
药物学上可接受的载体。
13.治疗患有PDE4B调节提供治疗益处的疾病或状态或处于所述疾病或状态的风险中的对象的方法,包括:
给予所述对象有效量的具有下列化学结构的化合物:
Figure A2005800369800008C1
其中:
k选自-CR6R7R19、-C(Z)R8、-C(Z)NR12R13、-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14
Z是O、S或NR9
t、u、v、w、x和y各自独立地是N或CR1,然而,条件是,u和t中的不多于一个是N,v、w、x和y中的不多于2个是N;
R1,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢、卤素、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基、任选取代的低碳炔基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的环烷基烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基烷基、任选取代的芳烷基、任选取代的杂芳烷基、-C(Z)R8、-OR9、-SR9、-NR10R11、-C(Z)NR12R13、-S(O)2NR12R13、-S(O)2R14和A,然而,条件是,至少一个R1是A;
A选自取代的芳基和取代的杂芳基;
R6和R7独立地选自氢、任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基、任选取代的低碳炔基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的环烷基烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的芳烷基、任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R8,在各种情况下,独立地选自-OR9;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R8是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与C(Z)结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R8是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与C(Z)结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R9,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R9是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与O、N或S结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R9是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与O、N或S结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;
R10和R11独立地选自氢;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R10和/或R11是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R10和/或R11是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8;-C(Z)NR12R13;-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14;或
R10和R11连同它们与之连接的氮共同形成5-7元的任选取代的杂环烷基或任选取代的杂芳环;
R12和R13,在各种情况下,独立地选自氢;任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R12和/或R13是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R12和/或R13是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氮结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;或
R12和R13连同它们与之连接的氮共同形成5-7元的任选取代的杂环烷基或任选取代的杂芳环;
R14,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R14是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与-S(O)2-结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R14是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与-S(O)2-结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;和
R19选自任选取代的低碳烷基、任选取代的低碳烯基、任选取代的低碳炔基、任选取代的环烷基、任选取代的环烷基烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基、任选取代的杂环烷基烷基、任选取代的芳基、任选取代的芳烷基、任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基。
14.权利要求13的化合物,其中A具有选自下列的结构:
Figure A2005800369800009C1
Figure A2005800369800010C1
其中:
R15,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R15是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R15是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8和-C(Z)NR12R13;或
每一R15连同与之结合的氧,联合形成与苯环稠合的5-7元任选取代的杂环烷基环;
R16,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R16是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R16是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与氧结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8和-C(Z)NR12R13
R17,在各种情况下,独立地选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基,然而,条件是,当R17是烯基时,其烯基碳均不与N、O或S结合;任选取代的低碳炔基,然而,条件是,当R17是炔基时,其炔基碳均不与N、O或S结合;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基和任选取代的杂芳烷基;和
R18选自任选取代的低碳烷基;任选取代的低碳烯基;任选取代的低碳炔基;任选取代的环烷基;任选取代的环烷基烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基;任选取代的杂环烷基烷基;任选取代的芳基;任选取代的芳烷基;任选取代的杂芳基;任选取代的杂芳烷基;-C(Z)R8;-OR9;-SR9;-NR10R11;-C(Z)NR12R13;-S(O)2NR12R13和-S(O)2R14
15.权利要求14的方法,其中A具有下列结构:
Figure A2005800369800011C1
16.权利要求15的方法,其中t、u、v、w、x和y中的不多于一个是N。
17.权利要求16的方法,其中t是CH,y是N,u、v、w和x中的一个是C-A,u、v、w和x中的其它是CH。
18.权利要求17的方法,其中所述化合物具有下列结构:
19.权利要求13的方法,其中所述化合物被批准施用给人类。
20.权利要求19的方法,其中所述疾病或状态是PDE4B介导的疾病或状态。
21.权利要求19的方法,其中所述疾病或状态选自哮喘、支气管炎、过敏性支气管炎、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、囊性纤维化、先天性肺纤维化、结节病、肺动脉高压、过敏性支气管炎、肺气肿、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨延顿舞蹈病、多发性硬化、类风湿性关节炎、Crohn病、脑缺血、炎性肠病、溃疡性结肠炎、异位性皮炎、骨质疏松症、骨硬化病、佩吉特病、弥散性大细胞B细胞淋巴瘤、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、急性淋巴细胞白血病、严重急性呼吸综合征和早产。
22.试剂盒,包括权利要求12的组合物。
23.权利要求22的试剂盒,还包括所述组合物被批准施用给人类的书面说明。
24.权利要求23的方法,其中所述组合物被批准用于适应症,所述适应症选自哮喘、支气管炎、过敏性支气管炎、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、囊性纤维化、先天性肺纤维化、结节病、肺动脉高压、过敏性支气管炎、肺气肿、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨延顿舞蹈病、多发性硬化、类风湿性关节炎、Crohn病、脑缺血、炎性肠病、溃疡性结肠炎、异位性皮炎、骨质疏松症、骨硬化病、佩吉特病、弥散性大细胞B细胞淋巴瘤、慢性淋巴细胞白血病、急性淋巴细胞白血病、严重急性呼吸综合征和早产。
25.开发对PDE4具有活性的改进调节剂的方法,包括:
确定式I所示的多种测试化合物中的任意一种相对于对PDE4具有活性的参照化合物,是否在一种或多种所需药学性质方面提供改进,和
选择在所述的所需药学性质方面存在改进的那些化合物,从而提供改进的调节剂。
26.权利要求25的方法,其中所述的所需药学性质是,对PDE4B的活性是对PDE4D的活性的至少10倍。
27.权利要求25的方法,其中所述的所需药学性质是,IC50为0.10μM以下。
28.权利要求25的方法,其中所述的参照化合物是式I的化合物。
29.权利要求25的方法,其中所述改进调节剂的至少一种衍生物被用作参照化合物,并且所述确定和选择被重复。
30.开发对PDE4B具有改进特异性的配体的方法,包括:
鉴定与多种磷酸二酯酶结合的化合物;
确定所述化合物的衍生物对PDE4B的特异性是否比所述化合物高,从而提供对PDE4B具有改进特异性的配体。
31.权利要求30的方法,其中所述化合物与PDE4B的结合亲和力是与所述多种磷酸二酯酶中的任何一种的结合亲和力的至少10倍。
32.权利要求30的方法,其中所述化合物与至少一个保守的PDE4B活性部位残基相互作用。
33.权利要求30的方法,其中所述化合物与所述多种磷酸二酯酶微弱结合。
34.权利要求30的方法,其中所述多种磷酸二酯酶包括PDE4B和PDE4D。
35.权利要求30的方法,其中所述多种磷酸二酯酶包括PDE4B和PDE5A。
36.权利要求30的方法,其中所述化合物是式I的化合物。
37.晶体,包括PDE4B磷酸二酯酶结构域的晶体形式,具有表1或表2所述的坐标。
38.权利要求37的晶体,含有一种或多种重金属原子。
39.权利要求37的晶体,其中所述晶体形式包括PDE4B和结合化合物的共晶体。
40.权利要求39的晶体形式,其中所述结合化合物与至少一个保守的PDE4B活性部位残基相互作用。
41.权利要求39的晶体形式,其中所述共晶体处于X线束中。
42.权利要求37的晶体形式,其中所述晶体处于X线束中。
43.用于获得PDE4B晶体的方法,包括:
使5-20mg/ml的PDE4B蛋白经受结晶条件,所述结晶条件基本上等价于30%PEG 400、0.2M MgCl2、0.1M Tris pH 8.5、1mM结合化合物,4℃;或者20%PEG3000、0.2M Ca(OAc)2、0.1M Tris pH 7.0、1mM结合化合物、15.9mg/ml蛋白质,4℃;或者1.8M-2.0M硫酸铵、0.1M CAPS pH 10.0-10.5、0.2M硫酸锂。
44.权利要求43的方法,还包括优化所述结晶条件。
45.PDE4B和PDE4B结合化合物的共晶体,其中所述结合化合物包括式I的化合物。
46.权利要求45的共晶体,其中所述共晶体处于X线束中。
47.用于确定磷酸二酯酶结构的方法,包括:
从PDE4B结构的电子表示建立同源模型,其中所述PDE4B结构表现出表1或表2的原子坐标;和将所述同源模型等同至磷酸二酯酶的所述结构。
48.权利要求47的方法,其中所述建立包括:
鉴定PDE4B和所述磷酸二酯酶之间的保守氨基酸残基;
将所述PDE4B中的多个保守氨基酸的原子坐标转移到所述磷酸二酯酶的相应氨基酸,以提供所述磷酸二酯酶的粗略结构;和
用所述磷酸二酯酶中的剩余氨基酸残基的结构的电子表示构建代表所述磷酸二酯酶的剩余部分的结构。
49.权利要求48的方法,还包括将所述同源模型拟合到来自所述磷酸二酯酶的一种或多种晶体的低分辨率x线衍射数据。
50.权利要求48的方法,其中应用来自表1或表2的保守残基的坐标。
51.权利要求48的方法,其中所述磷酸二酯酶是PDE5A。
52.PDE4B晶体结构的电子表示,含有对应于在表1或表2中列出的坐标的原子坐标表示。
53.权利要求52的电子表示,包括示意图表示。
54.权利要求52的电子表示,其中所述PDE4B基本上由PDE4B磷酸二酯酶结构域组成。
55.磷酸二酯酶的基于PDE4B同源模型的电子表示,其中所述同源模型利用表1或表2中的保守残基原子坐标。
56.开发生物试剂的方法,包括:
分析PDE4B晶体结构和鉴定用于形成所述生物试剂的至少一种亚结构。
57.权利要求56的方法,其中所述亚结构包括表位,所述方法还包括开发针对所述表位的抗体。
58.权利要求56的方法,其中所述亚结构包括有望提供改变的活性的突变位点,所述方法还包括在所述位点产生突变从而提供修饰的PDE4B。
59.权利要求56的方法,其中所述亚结构包括用于连接单独部分的连接点。
60.权利要求56的方法,其中所述单独部分选自肽、多肽、固相材料、接头和标签。
61.权利要求56的方法,还包括连接所述单独部分。
62.用于鉴定具有结合PDE4B的潜力的化合物的方法,包括:
在PDE4B结合部位的电子表示中拟合化合物的至少一种电子表示,其中所述结合部位包括表4的保守的结合部位残基的坐标的电子表示。
63.权利要求62的方法,其中所述电子表示还包括在所述结合部位中络合的结合化合物的电子表示。
64.权利要求63的方法,包括:
去除与PDE4B络合的化合物的计算机表示,和拟合来自计算机数据库的化合物的计算机表示和PDE4B活性部位的计算机表示;和
根据有利的几何配合和能量上有利的互补相互作用,将最配合所述活性部位的化合物鉴定为潜在的结合化合物。
65.权利要求63的方法,包括:
通过对一个或多个化学基团进行删除或添加或删除并添加来修饰与PDE4B络合的化合物的计算机表示;
拟合来自计算机数据库的化合物的计算机表示和PDE4B活性部位的计算机表示;和
根据有利的几何配合和能量上有利的互补相互作用将最配合所述活性部位的化合物鉴定为潜在的结合化合物。
66.权利要求63的方法,包括:
去除与PDE4B络合的化合物的计算机表示;和
应用化合物搜索计算机程序搜索数据库中与所述化合物具有结构相似性的化合物,或利用化合物构建计算机程序用相似的化学结构置换所述化合物的一部分。
67.权利要求63的方法,其中与PDE4B络合的所述化合物是不可水解的cGMP类似物。
68.权利要求62的方法,其中所述拟合包括确定所述化合物是否会与一个或多个保守的PDE4B活性部位残基相互作用。
69.将PDE4B结合化合物或其衍生物连接到连接成分以便保持所述PDE4B结合化合物与PDE4B的实质上的结合的方法,包括:
在用于连接的能量许可部位将所述PDE4B结合化合物或其衍生物连接到所述连接成分。
70.权利要求69的方法,其中所述连接成分是用于连接到固相介质的接头,所述方法还包括通过在所述能量许可部位连接的接头将所述化合物或衍生物连接到固相介质。
71.权利要求69的方法,其中所述磷酸二酯酶包括与至少一个保守的PDE4B活性部位残基相匹配的保守残基。
72.权利要求70的方法,其中所述接头是无痕接头。
73.权利要求70的方法,其中所述磷酸二酯酶结合化合物或其衍生物在与所述固相介质连接的所述接头上被合成。
74.权利要求73的方法,其中多种所述化合物或其衍生物在组合合成中被合成。
75.权利要求70的方法,其中所述化合物与所述固相介质的连接提供了亲和介质。
76.权利要求69的方法,其中所述连接成分包括标签。
77.权利要求76的方法,其中所述标签包括荧光团。
78.修饰的化合物,包括PDE4B结合化合物,其带有在能量许可部位与其连接的接头部分,以便将所述修饰的化合物结合到PDE4B。
79.权利要求78的化合物,其中所述接头被连接到固相。
80.权利要求78的化合物,其中所述接头包括标签或被连接到标签。
81.权利要求78的化合物,其中所述接头是无痕接头。
82.权利要求78的化合物,其中所述结合化合物是式I的化合物。
83.用于开发磷酸二酯酶配体的方法,所述磷酸二酯酶包括与一个或多个保守的PDE4B活性部位残基相匹配的保守残基,所述方法包括:
确定与所述磷酸二酯酶结合的PDE4B结合化合物是否与晶体结构中的所述一个或多个保守的PDE4B活性部位残基相互作用。
84.权利要求83的方法,其中所述磷酸二酯酶包括与至少两个保守的PDE4B活性部位残基相匹配的保守残基。
85.权利要求83的方法,还包括确定所述化合物是否调节所述磷酸二酯酶。
86.权利要求83的方法,其中所述确定包括在所述磷酸二酯酶的结合部位中计算机拟合所述化合物。
87.权利要求83的方法,还包括形成所述磷酸二酯酶和所述化合物的共晶体。
88.权利要求83的方法,还包括确定所述化合物和所述磷酸二酯酶的结合方向。
89.权利要求83的方法,其中所述结合化合物是式I的化合物。
90.鉴定在PDE4B和PDE4D之间具有选择性的化合物的方法,包括:
分析化合物是否在PDE4B和PDE4D中在至少一个差异部位有差异性相互作用,其中差异性相互作用提示了所述选择性。
91.权利要求90的方法,其中所述分析包括:
在PDE4B和PDE4D的结合部位的电子表示中拟合所述化合物的电子表示,和
根据所述拟合确定所述化合物是否具有差异相互作用。
92.权利要求90的方法,包括:
将起始化合物的电子表示拟合到PDE4B和PDE4D的结合部位的电子表示,其中所述起始化合物与PDE4B和PDE4D都结合;
对具有与至少一个差异部位相互作用的至少一个部分的所述起始化合物的所述电子表示进行修饰;和
确定修饰的化合物是否与PDE4B和PDE4D差异结合。
93.权利要求92的方法,其中所述修饰的化合物的差异结合比所述起始化合物具有更高的程度。
94.权利要求90的方法,还包括分析差异性相互作用的化合物对PDE4B和PDE4D的差异活性。
95.权利要求90的化合物,其中所述化合物是式I的化合物。
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