CN109843968B - 纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物和使用它的纤维强化复合材料 - Google Patents
纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物和使用它的纤维强化复合材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109843968B CN109843968B CN201780063008.4A CN201780063008A CN109843968B CN 109843968 B CN109843968 B CN 109843968B CN 201780063008 A CN201780063008 A CN 201780063008A CN 109843968 B CN109843968 B CN 109843968B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08L33/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/56—Amines together with other curing agents
- C08G59/58—Amines together with other curing agents with polycarboxylic acids or with anhydrides, halides, or low-molecular-weight esters thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/40—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the curing agents used
- C08G59/50—Amines
- C08G59/5026—Amines cycloaliphatic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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Abstract
本发明提供在显示良好的对强化纤维的浸渗性的基础上还具有快速固化性且成型物的耐热性高的适合用作纤维强化复合材料的树脂组合物。本发明的纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物,其特征在于,是由主剂和固化剂构成且主剂与固化剂的质量比为85:15~65:35的范围的二液固化型的树脂组合物,上述主剂含有环氧树脂(A)和在一分子中具有三个以上的(甲基)丙烯酰基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物(B),上述固化剂含有下述通式(1)表示的胺化合物(C),在环氧树脂(A)中含有75~100质量%的双酚A型环氧树脂,上述主剂的粘度为10000mPa·s以下,上述固化剂的粘度为800mPa·s以下。X-(CH2NH2)n (1)(式中,X表示碳原子数1~16的n价的有机基团,n表示2或者3。)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及低粘度且短时间内的固化性优异的树脂组合物,且涉及可得到固化时具有高耐热性的成型物的纤维强化复合材料的基体树脂材料及其成型方法。
背景技术
纤维强化复合材料一般由玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维、碳纤维等强化纤维和不饱和聚酯树脂、乙烯基酯树脂、环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、苯并嗪树脂、氰酸酯树脂、双马来酰亚胺树脂等热固性基体树脂构成,因轻型且强度、耐腐蚀性、耐疲劳性等机械物性优异而广泛用作飞机、汽车、土木建筑和体育用品等的结构材料。
纤维强化复合材料的制造方法通过下述方法来实施:使用热固性的基体树脂预先浸渗于强化纤维而得的预浸料的高压釜成型法或者压制成型法;包括使液态的基体树脂向强化纤维浸渗的工序和利用热固化的成型工序的树脂传递成型法;液体压缩成型法;湿法铺层成型法;拉拔成型法或者纤维缠绕成型法等。其中不使用预浸料而进行浸渗和成型的树脂传递等成型法为了迅速地浸渗到强化纤维中,使用低粘度的基体树脂。
此外,其中树脂传递成型法、液体压缩成型法为了确保高生产率,要求将树脂浸渗于强化纤维后固化速度快的基体树脂。
以往,在树脂传递成型法、液体压缩成型法中,使用不饱和聚酯树脂、乙烯基酯树脂、聚氨酯树脂、环氧树脂等热固性树脂。具有自由基聚合性的不饱和聚酯树脂、乙烯基酯树脂为低粘度且快速固化性优异,但存在成型时的固化收缩大,成型物的耐热性、强度、韧性等机械物性相对较低的课题。聚氨酯树脂的快速固化性优异,可得到强度、韧性高的成型物,但存在成型物的耐热性低,吸水率高的课题。环氧树脂可得到耐热性、强度、韧性高的成型物,但存在树脂粘度相对较高的课题。
使用环氧树脂作为纤维强化复合材料的基体树脂时,一般从经济性和物性优异的角度出发,使用双酚A型环氧树脂,但为了提高对纤维的浸渗性,也可使用低粘度的双酚F型环氧树脂。
在专利文献1中,提出了使用双酚F型环氧树脂的低粘度的纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物。但是,双酚F型环氧树脂与双酚A型环氧树脂相比会变成玻璃化转变温度较低的固化物,因此在要求耐热性的用途中不理想。
为了实现低粘度化、低温下的固化性,在专利文献2、3、4中提出了由环氧树脂、多官能丙烯酸酯化合物和固化剂构成的树脂组合物。但是,它是在用途中加入了混凝土修补材料、粘接剂的发明,玻璃化转变温度低,耐热性不足。
在专利文献5中,通过环氧树脂与特定的酚化合物的组合实现了赋予树脂组合物的快速固化性的配合,但是完成凝胶化的时间依然长,快速固化性不足。
在专利文献6、7中,通过在由环氧树脂和聚乙烯多胺构成的树脂组合物中添加特定的催化剂,实现了赋予快速固化性的配合。但是,由于主剂使用了双酚A型环氧树脂,所以存在主剂的粘度高的课题。
关于纤维强化复合材料的基体树脂,尝试了利用树脂组合物的低粘度化来提高浸渗性和赋予成型物的快速固化性,但是希望在此基础上进一步改善成型物的耐热性。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2006-265434号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2002-256139号公报
专利文献3:日本特开2002-275242号公报
专利文献4:日本特开2012-211244号公报
专利文献5:日本特开2016-098322号公报
专利文献6:日本特表2015-535022号公报
专利文献7:日本特表2015-536373号公报
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种树脂组合物,其利用主剂的低粘度化而实现作为树脂组合物的低粘度化,从而显示良好的对强化纤维的浸渗性,还具有快速固化性,且固化得到的成型物的耐热性高。此外,本发明的目的在于提供能够以良好的生产率得到纤维强化复合材料的树脂组合物。
本发明人等为了解决上述的课题进行了研究,结果发现通过使用特定的环氧树脂、丙烯酸酯化合物和胺化合物,能够得到具有高耐热性的成型物,解决上述课题,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明涉及一种纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物,其特征在于,是由主剂和固化剂构成且主剂与固化剂的质量比为85:15~65:35的范围的二液固化型的树脂组合物,上述主剂含有环氧树脂(A)和在一分子中具有三个以上的(甲基)丙烯酰基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物(B),上述固化剂含有下述通式(1)表示的胺化合物(C),在环氧树脂(A)中含有75~100质量%的双酚A型环氧树脂,上述主剂的利用E型粘度计测定的在25℃的粘度为10000mPa·s以下,上述固化剂的利用E型粘度计测定的在25℃的粘度为800mPa·s以下。
X-(CH2NH2)n (1)
(式中,X表示碳原子数1~16的n价的有机基团,n表示2或者3。)
上述X优选为碳原子数6以上的具有脂环结构的n价的烃基、具有芳香族环结构的n价的烃基、或者脂肪族烃基,上述脂环结构或者脂肪族烃基在其内部能具有仲胺结构。
作为优选的胺化合物(C),有下述式(2)或者(3)表示的二胺。
本发明中,(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物(B)优选为选自三羟甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、双三羟甲基丙烷四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、或者二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯中的至少1种。
本发明中,主剂中的环氧树脂(A)与(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物(B)的质量比优选为96:4~70:30的范围。
本发明中,含有环氧树脂(A)和(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物(B)的主剂在1.0kPa的真空度、于60℃经过24小时后的粘度上升率优选为16%以下。
本发明中,将纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物在130℃热处理5分钟使其固化而得的固化物的玻璃化转变温度优选显示为110℃以上。
本发明的另一方式涉及一种纤维强化复合材料,其特征在于,是在上述纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物中配合强化纤维而成的。此时,强化纤维的体积含有率优选为45~70%。
另外,涉及一种上述纤维强化复合材料的固化物。此外,涉及一种成型体的制造方法,其特征在于,利用树脂传递成型法或者液体压缩成型法将上述纤维强化复合材料成型。
本发明的另一方式涉及一种成型体的制造方法,其特征在于,准备下述主剂和固化剂,将主剂加温至50~90℃,将固化剂加温至20~60℃,以主剂与固化剂的质量比成为85:15~65:35的范围的方式制成二液固化型的纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物,向其中配合强化纤维而制成纤维强化复合材料,接下来将该纤维强化复合材料在模具中加热固化、成型,其中,上述主剂含有环氧树脂(A)和在一分子中具有三个以上的(甲基)丙烯酰基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物(B),上述环氧树脂(A)含有75~100质量%的双酚A型环氧树脂,上述主剂的利用E型粘度计测定的在25℃的粘度为10000mPa·s以下,上述固化剂含有上述通式(1)表示的胺化合物(C)。
具体实施方式
以下,对本发明的实施方式进行详细说明。
本发明的纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物是由主剂和固化剂构成的二液固化型的树脂组合物,上述主剂包含环氧树脂(A)、在一分子中具有三个以上的(甲基)丙烯酰基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物(B)而构成,上述固化剂包含上述通式(1)表示的胺化合物(C)而构成。在此,将上述环氧树脂(A)、在一分子中具有三个以上的(甲基)丙烯酰基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物(B)、胺化合物(C)也分别称为(A)成分、(B)成分和(C)成分。
作为(A)成分使用的环氧树脂(A)的75~100质量%需要为双酚A型环氧树脂。通过使用双酚A型环氧树脂,能够提高主剂的热稳定性,通过加热能够实现低粘度化。另外通过加热固化得到的成型体的耐热性优异。另一方面,如果使用双酚F型环氧树脂作为主成分,则虽能够实现低粘度化,但得到的成型体的耐热性下降。如果使用苯酚酚醛清漆型环氧树脂,则虽能够提高成型体的耐热性,但粘度增大,因此损害对强化纤维的浸渗性。
本发明中使用的环氧树脂(A)在不增大主剂粘度的范围内,只要小于25质量%,则也可以含有其它的环氧树脂。优选在1分子中具有2个以上的环氧基的化合物,例如,可以使用双酚F型环氧树脂、双酚E型环氧树脂、双酚S型环氧树脂、双酚Z型环氧树脂、异佛尔酮双酚型环氧树脂等双酚型环氧树脂;这些双酚型环氧树脂的卤化物、烷基取代物、氢化物、不限于单体而具有多个重复单元的高分子聚合体、环氧烷加成物的缩水甘油醚;苯酚酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、甲酚酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、双酚A酚醛清漆型环氧树脂等酚醛清漆型环氧树脂;3,4-环氧基-6-甲基环己基甲基-3,4-环氧基-6-甲基环己烷羧酸酯、3,4-环氧环己基甲基-3,4-环氧环己烷羧酸酯、1-环氧乙基-3,4-环氧基环己烷等脂环式环氧树脂;三羟甲基丙烷聚缩水甘油醚、季戊四醇聚缩水甘油醚、聚氧化烯二缩水甘油醚等脂肪族环氧树脂;邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯、四氢邻苯二甲酸二缩水甘油酯、二聚酸缩水甘油酯等缩水甘油酯;四缩水甘油基二氨基二苯甲烷、四缩水甘油基二氨基二苯砜、三缩水甘油基氨基苯酚、三缩水甘油基氨基甲酚、四缩水甘油基苯二甲胺等缩水甘油基胺类等。它们可以单独使用1种,也可以组合使用2种以上。
在这些环氧树脂中,从粘度的观点考虑,优选在1分子中具有2个以上的环氧基且利用E型粘度计测定的在25℃的粘度为30000mPa·s以下的环氧树脂。
本发明中使用的(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物(B)在一分子中具有三个以上的(甲基)丙烯酰基作为官能团。如果一分子中的官能团数少于二个,则在加热固化时随着得到的成型物的交联密度下降,耐热性也下降。
为了实现主剂的低粘度化,(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物(B)的利用E型粘度计测定的在50℃的粘度优选为1000mPa·s以下。
(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物(B)是指具有3个以上的丙烯酰基(CH2=CHCO-)或者甲基丙烯酰基(CH2=C(CH3)CO-)的化合物。但是,除(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物(B)以外,也可以含有10%以下的在一分子中具有2个以下的(甲基)丙烯酰基的化合物。
(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物(B)实质上不含有羧基、磷酸基、磺酸基等酸基。这些酸基在室温下具有与环氧基的反应性,因此在与环氧树脂混合时使分子量的粘度增加率上升,损害稳定的对纤维的浸渗性。从同样的理由出发,优选不具有与环氧基反应的基团(OH基、NH2基等)。例如,优选羟值不超过10mgKOH/g。
作为(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物(B)的具体例,可举出甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、双三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇等多元醇的丙烯酸酯或者甲基丙烯酸酯化合物。另外,可举出相对于甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、双三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇等多元醇1摩尔,加成2摩尔以上的环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷而提高了分子量的多元醇的丙烯酸酯或者甲基丙烯酸酯化合物。根据需要可以使用两种以上。
更具体而言,优选使用三羟甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、双三羟甲基丙烷四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、或者二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯等。
环氧树脂(A)与(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物(B)的配合比(A:B质量比)优选为96:4~70:30的范围。如果环氧树脂的配合比超过96,则粘度变得过高,无法充分的浸渗,并且快速固化性降低。另一方面,如果配合比低于70,则耐热性降低。
上述主剂的利用E型粘度计测定的在25℃的粘度优选为10000mPa·s以下,更优选为8000mPa·s以下。另外,在80℃经过24小时后的粘度上升率优选为16%以内,更优选为8%以内。如果粘度超过10000mPa·s,则对强化纤维的充分浸渗变得困难,与固化剂的粘度差变大,因此难以均匀地混合。如果粘度上升率大于16%,则在为了以更低的粘度进行注入浸渗而将保管主剂的罐加温的情况下,粘度上升大,产生成型不良、连续生产稳定性劣化、罐内固化之类的问题,因而不优选。粘度的下限没有特别限制,粘度越低,成型时的组合物的注入浸渗越容易,因而优选。
在主剂中,为了提高其热稳定性,可以使用阻聚剂。作为阻聚剂,可以使用对苯二酚、甲基对苯二酚、对叔丁基邻苯二酚、2-叔丁基对苯二酚、2,5-二叔丁基对苯二酚、三甲基对苯二酚、甲氧基对苯二酚、对苯醌、2,5-二叔丁基苯醌、萘醌、4-甲氧基-1-萘酚、吩噻嗪、N-氧自由基化合物等。相对于(甲基)丙烯酸化合物(B)100质量份,阻聚剂的含量优选为0.0005~0.5质量份,特别优选为0.001~0.1质量份。
本发明中使用的胺化合物(C)为下述通式(1)表示的化合物。
X-(CH2NH2)n (1)
(式中,X表示碳原子数1~16的n价的有机基团,n表示2或者3。)
胺化合物(C)在一分子中具有2或3个氨甲基。氨甲基与环氧基、丙烯酰基的反应性高,快速固化性优异。另外,通过使一分子中具有二个以上的氨甲基,在加热固化时可得到交联密度高的耐热性优异的成型物。
作为胺化合物(C)的具体例,可举出式(4)表示的在分子结构中具有仲胺的亚氨基双丙胺、三乙烯四胺、双(六亚甲基)三胺等非环式脂肪族多胺;双(氨甲基)环己烷、1,3,6-三氨甲基环己烷,3,9-双(3-氨丙基)-2,4,8,10-四氧杂螺(5.5)十一烷、双(氨甲基)降冰片烷等环状脂肪族多胺;间苯二甲胺(MXDA)等含有芳香环的多胺以及烷基在这些脂环、芳香环上进行取代而成的衍生物。
在这些中,从流动性、快速固化性、耐热性的观点考虑,特别优选下述式(2)表示的双(氨甲基)降冰片烷或者下述式(3)表示的双(氨甲基)环己烷。
固化剂含有上述氨基化合物(C)作为环氧树脂用固化剂。优选含有70质量%以上的氨基化合物(C),优选不含其以外的环氧树脂用固化剂,但只要小于30质量%就可以配合。作为这些除(C)成分以外可配合的其它的环氧树脂用固化剂,例如,可举出酚系、硫醇系等环氧树脂用固化剂。此外,可以含有固化促进剂、粘度调节剂、内部脱模剂等。
作为上述其它的环氧树脂用固化剂使用的酚系固化剂没有特别限制,可举出双酚A、双酚F、取代或无取代的联苯酚、苯酚酚醛清漆树脂、含有三嗪骨架的苯酚酚醛清漆树脂、萘酚酚醛清漆树脂、萘酚芳烷基型树脂、含有三嗪骨架的萘酚树脂、联苯芳烷基型酚醛树脂等。酚系固化剂可以使用1种或者并用2种以上。
在固化剂中,除氨基化合物(C)和其它的环氧树脂用固化剂以外,作为用于促进固化反应的固化催化剂或者固化促进剂,可以使用叔胺、羧酸、路易斯酸络合物、盐、咪唑、醇类、苯酚、甲酚、烯丙基苯酚、硝基苯酚、对氨基苯酚、间氨基苯酚、单叔丁基苯酚、二叔丁基苯酚、对苯二酚、甲基对苯二酚、二甲基对苯二酚、三甲基对苯二酚、四甲基对苯二酚、异丙基对苯二酚、甲基异丙基对苯二酚、单叔丁基对苯二酚、二叔丁基对苯二酚、单叔戊基对苯二酚、二叔戊基对苯二酚、硝基对苯二酚、苯基对苯二酚、二苯基对苯二酚、氯代对苯二酚、二氯对苯二酚、三氯对苯二酚、四氯对苯二酚、溴代对苯二酚、二溴对苯二酚、三溴对苯二酚、四溴对苯二酚、邻苯二酚、叔丁基邻苯二酚、间苯二酚、邻苯三酚、二硝基连苯三酚、1,2,4-苯三醇等酚化合物等固化促进剂,这些固化促进剂可以使用1种或者并用2种以上。
含有胺化合物(C)的固化剂的利用E型粘度计测定的在25℃的粘度为800mPa·s以下,优选为400mPa·s以下。如果粘度大于800mPa·s,则对强化纤维的充分浸渗变得困难。粘度的下限没有特别限制,粘度越低,成型时的组合物的注入浸渗越容易,越优选。
本发明的树脂组合物为主剂和固化剂的二液固化型,通过将由环氧树脂(A)、(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物(B)构成的主剂与含有通式(1)表示的胺化合物(C)的固化剂以适当的规定比例混合,能够加热固化。该主剂与固化剂的混合比率由使用的环氧树脂(A)与胺化合物(C)的种类决定。具体而言,计算(A)成分中的全部环氧树脂所含的环氧基的个数与(C)成分中的全部胺化合物所含的活性氢的个数的比率来进行调整,质量比为85:15~65:35的范围,优选为83:17~73:27的范围。如果质量比脱离该范围,则得到的树脂固化物的耐热性、弹性模量可能降低。
另外,为了促进(B)成分的聚合,优选在固化剂中配合自由基聚合性引发剂(D)。作为自由基聚合性引发剂(D),可以使用通过加热产生自由基的偶氮化合物、有机过氧化物。例如可举出2,2’-偶氮二异丁腈、1,1’-偶氮二(环己烷-1-甲腈)、过氧化甲乙酮、过氧化甲基环己酮、过氧化甲基乙酰乙酸酯、过氧化乙酰丙酮、1,1-二(叔丁基过氧化)3,3,5-三甲基环己烷、1,1-二(叔己基过氧化)环己烷、1,1-二(叔己基过氧化)3,3,5-三甲基环己烷、1,1-二(叔丁基过氧化)环己烷、2,2-二(4,4-二叔丁基过氧化环己基)丙烷、1,1-二(叔丁基过氧化)环十二烷、4,4-二(叔丁基过氧化)戊酸正丁酯、2,2-二(叔丁基过氧化)丁烷、1,1-二(叔丁基过氧化)-2-甲基环己烷、叔丁基过氧化氢、对烷过氧化氢、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基过氧化氢、叔己基过氧化氢、过氧化二异丙苯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧化)己烷、α,α’-二(叔丁基过氧化)二异丙基苯、叔丁基过氧化异丙苯、二叔丁基过氧化物、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧化)己炔-3、过氧化异丁酰、3,5,5-三甲基过氧化己酰、过氧化辛酰、过氧化月桂酰、肉桂酸过氧化物、间甲苯酰基过氧化物、过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化二碳酸二异丙酯、过氧化二碳酸二(4-叔丁基环己基)酯、过氧化二碳酸二-3-甲氧基丁酯、过氧化二碳酸二-2-乙基己酯、过氧化二碳酸二仲丁酯、过氧化二碳酸二(3-甲基-3-甲氧基丁基)酯、过氧化二碳酸二(4-叔丁基环己基)酯、α,α’-二(新癸酰基过氧化)二异丙基苯、过氧化新癸酸异丙苯酯、过氧化新癸酸1,1,3,3-四甲基丁酯、过氧化新癸酸1-环己基-1-甲基乙酯、过氧化新癸酸叔己酯、过氧化新癸酸叔丁酯、过氧化新戊酸叔己酯、过氧化新戊酸叔丁酯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(2-乙基己酰基过氧化)己烷、过氧化-2-乙基己酸1,1,3,3-四甲基丁酯、过氧化-2-乙基己酸1-环己基-1-甲基乙酯、过氧化-2-乙基己酸叔己酯、过氧化-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯、过氧化异丁酸叔丁酯、过氧化马来酸叔丁酯、过氧化月桂酸叔丁酯、过氧化-3,5,5-三甲基己酸叔丁酯、过氧化异丙基单碳酸叔丁酯、过氧化-2-乙基己基单碳酸叔丁酯、2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(苯甲酰基过氧化)己烷、过氧化乙酸叔丁酯、过氧化苯甲酸叔己酯、过氧化间甲苯酰基苯甲酸叔丁酯、过氧化苯甲酸叔丁酯、二(叔丁基过氧化)间苯二甲酸酯、过氧化烯丙基单碳酸叔丁酯、3,3’,4,4’-四(叔丁基过氧化羰基)二苯甲酮等。特别是,用于得到本发明的效果的优选的自由基聚合性引发剂(D)是10小时的半衰期温度为120~160℃的化合物,更优选10小时的半减期温度为120~140℃的化合物。通过使用这些自由基聚合性引发剂,改善混合时的快速固化性,在加热固化时能得到耐热性和韧性优异的成型物。
相对于(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物(B)100质量份,自由基聚合性引发剂(D)的使用量优选为0.005~5.0质量份,特别优选为0.1~2.0质量份。如果添加量小于0.005质量份,则自由基聚合性单体的固化速度下降,生产率降低,有时固化变得不充分,损害成型物的耐热性和韧性。如果添加量超过5.0质量份,则自由基聚合性单体的固化速度过快,成为粘度增加率高的树脂组合物,损害稳定的对纤维的浸渗性。另外,其添加到固化剂中。
在上述主剂和固化剂中也可以适当地配合增塑剂、染料、有机颜料、无机填充剂、高分子化合物、偶联剂、表面活性剂和溶剂等作为其它的成分。另外,也可以配合其它的固化性树脂。作为这样的固化性树脂,可举出不饱和聚酯树脂、固化性丙烯酸树脂、固化性氨基树脂、固化性三聚氰胺树脂、固化性脲树脂、固化性氰酸酯树脂、固化性聚氨酯树脂、固化性氧杂环丁烷树脂、固化性环氧/氧杂环丁烷复合树脂等,但不限于这些树脂。
可以从与主剂和固化剂中含有的成分的反应性、粘度等考虑,任意地配合这些成分。避免与主剂或固化剂中含有的成分反应的配合。
作为本发明的纤维强化复合材料中使用的强化纤维,从玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维、碳纤维、硼纤维等中选择,为了得到强度优异的纤维强化复合材料,优选使用碳纤维。
由本发明的纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物和强化纤维得到的纤维强化复合材料中的强化纤维的体积含有率优选为45~70%,更优选为48~62%的范围。通过成为该范围,可得到空隙少且强化纤维的体积含有率高的成型体,因此,可得到优异强度的成型材料。
由于本发明的纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物为主剂和固化剂的二液型,所以将主剂和固化剂分别收容于各自的罐等中,在使用时将两者混合。纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物的固化可以如下进行:优选将主剂以50~90℃的范围、将固化剂以20~60℃的范围的温度注入预先配置有纤维的模具等中,在90~160℃的温度,优选为100~140℃,加热固化15秒~360秒的时间,优选为25~150秒。主剂和固化剂可以同时注入,但为了提高均匀性,优选事先进行混合,然后注入到配置纤维的模具等中。其中,可以在纤维的存在下混合。
如果注入温度低则流动性降低,引起向成型模和纤维的填充不良,因而不优选。另外,如果注入温度高则产生毛边(バリ),或者在注入时就开始树脂的固化,在罐内、成型模内的树脂发生固化,产生填充不良,因而不优选。另外,如果成型时间过短,则不能充分地填充,如果过长则在模内的树脂发生固化而引起成型不良,并且引起生产率的降低,因而不优选。本发明的纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物能够以如上所述的较低的注入温度进行向成型模的注入、浸渗,另外可得到在短的固化时间内能够从模内脱模的固化物。
本发明的纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物的固化物的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)优选为100℃以上,更优选为110℃以上。Tg低于100℃时,得到的纤维强化复合材料从模具内脱模时容易变形。
由本发明的树脂组合物制作纤维强化复合材料的方法没有特别限定,优选RTM(Resin Transfer Molding:树脂传递成型)法或者LCM(Liquid Compression Molding:液体压缩成型)法。RTM法是指将由强化纤维构成的纤维基材或者预制件(プリフォーム)设置在成型模内,向该成型模内注入液态的纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物使其浸渗于强化纤维,制成纤维强化复合材料,其后加热使纤维强化复合材料固化而得到成型体的方法。固化条件适用于在上述纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物的固化中说明的条件。LCM法是指将由预先浸有树脂的强化纤维构成的纤维基材或者预制件以解除成型压力的状态设置在成型模内,将成型模合模,同时进行浸渗和成型,制成纤维强化复合材料后将模具加热使纤维强化复合材料固化而得到成型体的方法。
实施例
接下来,基于实施例对本发明进行具体说明,但本发明只要不超出其主旨,就不限于以下的实施例。表示配合量的份在没有特殊说明的情况下为质量份。
实施例中使用的各成分的简写如下。
YD-128:双酚A型环氧树脂(新日铁住金化学制,粘度(25℃)12000mPa·s)
YDF-170:双酚F型环氧树脂(新日铁住金化学制,粘度(25℃)2500mPa·s)
YDPN-6300:苯酚酚醛清漆型环氧树脂(新日铁住金化学制)
TMPTA:三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(粘度(50℃)19mPa·s)
DTMPTA:双三羟甲基丙烷四丙烯酸酯(粘度(50℃)55mPa·s)
PETTA:季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯(粘度(50℃)130mPa·s)
PETA:季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯(粘度(25℃)180~800mPa·s)
DPETTA:二季戊四醇六丙烯酸酯(粘度(50℃)940mPa·s)
PEGDA:聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(粘度(25℃)13mPa·s)
TETA:三乙烯四胺
CDA:双(氨甲基)环己烷
NBDA:双(氨甲基)降冰片烷
IPDA:异佛尔酮二胺
PACM:4,4-亚甲基双(环己胺)
各物性的测定或者试验方法如下。
(主剂粘度、固化剂粘度、主剂粘度增加率的测定)
对混合前的主剂和固化剂使用锥板类型的E型粘度计(东机产业株式会社:RE80H)在25℃进行测定。将从测定开始经过60秒后的值作为初始粘度的值。
另外,将主剂放入加热到60℃的真空烘箱中,在真空度1.0kPa静置24小时,使用E型粘度计同样地实施粘度的测定,将从测定开始经过60秒后的值记为经过24小时后的粘度的值。然后,利用下述式计算主剂的粘度增加率。
主剂的粘度增加率=100×(经过24小时后的粘度/初始粘度)-100
(凝胶时间的测定)
在预先加热至120℃的凝胶化试验机(日新科学制)的板上添加树脂组合物,使用氟树脂棒以一秒2次旋转的速度搅拌,进行树脂组合物的固化,将直至失去可塑性所需的时间作为凝胶化时间。
(玻璃化转变温度的测定)
使用动态粘弹性试验机,在升温速度5℃/分钟、弯曲模式、测定频率10Hz的条件下对玻璃化转变温度测定用试验片进行测定,将损耗模量(E”)的最大值作为玻璃化转变温度。
实施例1
使用95份作为(A)成分的YD-128,5份作为(B)成分的TETTA,将它们放入150mL的聚乙烯容器,使用真空搅拌机“THINKY MIXER”(THINKY公司制),在室温搅拌5分钟进行混合,得到主剂。将21.8份作为(C)成分的NBDA、2.2份的间苯二酚放入150mL的聚乙烯容器,使用真空搅拌机,在室温搅拌5分钟进行混合,得到固化剂。
将得到的主剂和固化剂冷却至10℃以下后,将主剂50份和固化剂12份放入150mL的聚乙烯容器,使用真空搅拌机,在室温搅拌20秒而得到纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物。
使该纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物流入设有挖成平板形状的4mm厚的隔离件的纵60mm×横80mm的模具,在130℃固化5分钟后,使用台式带锯切削成50mm×10mm的大小,用于测定玻璃化转变温度。
实施例2~10、比较例1~6
除按照表1和表2中记载的组成使用各原料作为(A)~(C)成分以外,在与实施例1同样的混合条件下制作纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物,此外通过与实施例1同样的成型方法制作玻璃化转变温度测定用试验片。
将实施例和比较例的试验结果分别示于表1、表2。
[表2]
产业上的利用领域
本发明的纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物为低粘度、具有良好的对强化纤维的浸渗性且显示短时间内的固化性,固化得到的成型物的玻璃化转变温度高。特别适合作为为了将纤维强化复合材料以树脂传递成型法或者液体压缩成型法制成成型体而使用的纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物。
Claims (11)
1.一种纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物,其特征在于,是由主剂和固化剂构成且主剂与固化剂的质量比为85:15~65:35的范围的二液固化型的树脂组合物,所述主剂含有环氧树脂(A)和在一分子中具有三个以上的(甲基)丙烯酰基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物(B),所述固化剂含有下述通式(1)表示的胺化合物(C),在环氧树脂(A)中含有75~100质量%的双酚A型环氧树脂,所述主剂的利用E型粘度计测定的在25℃的粘度为10000mPa·s以下,所述固化剂的利用E型粘度计测定的在25℃的粘度为800mPa·s以下,
将所述纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物在130℃热处理5分钟使其固化而得的固化物的玻璃化转变温度显示为110℃以上,
X-(CH2NH2)n (1)
式(1)中,X表示碳原子数1~16的n价的有机基团,n表示2或者3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物,其中,通式(1)的X为碳原子数6以上的具有脂环结构的n价的烃基、具有芳香环结构的n价的烃基、或者脂肪族烃基,所述脂环结构或者脂肪族烃基在其内部能具有仲胺结构。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物,其特征在于,(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物(B)为选自三羟甲基丙烷三(甲基)丙烯酸酯、双三羟甲基丙烷四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四(甲基)丙烯酸酯、或者二季戊四醇六(甲基)丙烯酸酯中的至少1种。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物,其特征在于,主剂中的环氧树脂(A)与(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物(B)的质量比为96:4~70:30的范围。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物,其特征在于,主剂在1.0kPa的真空度、于60℃经过24小时后的粘度上升率为16%以下。
7.一种纤维强化复合材料,其特征在于,是在权利要求1~6中任一项所述的纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物中配合强化纤维而成的。
8.根据权利要求7所述的纤维强化复合材料,其中,强化纤维的体积含有率为45~70%。
9.一种权利要求7或8所述的纤维强化复合材料的固化物。
10.一种成型体的制造方法,其特征在于,利用树脂传递成型法或者液体压缩成型法将权利要求7或8所述的纤维强化复合材料成型。
11.一种成型体的制造方法,其特征在于,准备下述主剂和固化剂,将主剂加温至50~90℃,将固化剂加温至20~60℃,以主剂与固化剂的质量比成为85:15~65:35的范围的方式制成二液固化型的纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物,向其中配合强化纤维而制成纤维强化复合材料,接下来将该纤维强化复合材料在模具中加热固化、成型,
所述主剂含有环氧树脂(A)和在一分子中具有三个以上的(甲基)丙烯酰基的(甲基)丙烯酸酯化合物(B),所述环氧树脂(A)含有75~100质量%的双酚A型环氧树脂,所述主剂的利用E型粘度计测定的在25℃的粘度为10000mPa·s以下,
所述固化剂含有下述通式(1)表示的胺化合物(C),
X-(CH2NH2)n (1)
式(1)中,X表示碳原子数1~16的n价的有机基团,n表示2或者3,
将所述纤维强化复合材料用树脂组合物在130℃热处理5分钟使其固化而得的固化物的玻璃化转变温度显示为110℃以上。
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