CN109665813A - 一种赤泥陶粒的原料混合配比及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种赤泥陶粒的原料混合配比及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000005997 Calcium carbide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-[2-[2-[2-[bis[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-bromophenoxy]ethoxy]-4-methyl-n-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]anilino]acetate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(OCCOC=2C(=CC=C(Br)C=2)N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)=C1 CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000006063 cullet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Inorganic materials [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Inorganic materials [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aspirin Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000021321 essential mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 vanadine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004131 Bayer process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000404 calcium aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012215 calcium aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WNCYAPRTYDMSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O WNCYAPRTYDMSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940078583 calcium aluminosilicate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- JYIMWRSJCRRYNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4] JYIMWRSJCRRYNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001648 diaspore Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052598 goethite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxy(oxo)iron Chemical compound [O][Fe]O AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种赤泥陶粒的原料混合配比及其制备方法。其原料为15%‑75%的赤泥,10%‑65%的建筑废料或污泥或铝钒土或粉煤灰或煤矸石或粘土或粘结剂,1%‑20%的水,5%‑35%的碎玻璃或SiO2、5%‑25%的水泥和10%‑45%的发泡剂或发气剂或膨胀剂或其他添加物(包括膨润土、NaNO3粉末、淀粉和铝、锌、电石、镁等金属粉末等)。粘结剂、发气剂和发泡剂包含市场上现有的所有种类。其制作工艺流程包括原料处理、成球造粒、分层筛选、温度箱烘干、生陶粒煅烧、冷却。本发明所制陶粒符合国家和各行业相关安全要求和指标,具备十分优异的声学性能,且耐高温高压、强度较大。此外本发明还大量采用了固体废物,环保意义十分突出。生产设备采用生物燃料,相对普通锻烧制作方法较节能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于固废处理及资源化利用技术领域,具体涉及一种综合利用冶炼氧化铝过程中所产生的废渣赤泥以及建筑垃圾、污泥、碎玻璃等固废生产赤泥陶粒的配比及制作。
背景技术
目前,我国已成为全球第一大氧化铝生产国,与此同时,在氧化铝生产过程中排出的固体废弃物赤泥大量堆积,不仅使铝工业企业付出管理赤泥的高昂费用,而且易对环境造成严重的辐射污染和化学污染。有鉴于此,本发明专利利用赤泥,同时添加建筑垃圾、污泥、煤矸石、粉煤灰、碎玻璃等固废或者固体,以及水泥等建筑材料,结合添加剂(如发泡剂、发气剂、膨胀剂)综合制作陶粒。
(1)氧化铝生产过程中排放的废渣是赤泥,具有一定的辐射性,其主要矿物有Al2O3、SiO2、CaO、Na2O、Fe2O3、TiO2等。赤泥主要有害成份是含有Na2O的附液,附液含碱2~3g/L,pH值在12.2~13.0之间。
(2)赤泥取自广西某铝业公司拜尔法生产氧化铝工艺的副产品。其主要化学成分:Fe2O3-25.52%,CaO-24.29%,Al2O3-20.70%,SiO-29.6%,Na2O-1.96%。赤泥的主要矿物有赤铁矿、针铁矿、水化石榴石、一水硬铝石、含水硅铝酸钠、钙钛矿、羟钙石、方解石等。赤泥颗粒比较细,主要分布在2~16μm(约占80%)范围内,比表面积为7.08m2/g。
(3)所采用的广西某铝工业公司生产的拜尔法赤泥中Fe、Ca、Al含量偏高,Si含量较低,故添加碎玻璃来提高硅的含量。所用碎玻璃的化学成分:SiO2-92.1%,Al2O3-1.4%,Fe2O3-0.5%,Na2O-2.1%,其他配料包括膨润土、粘结剂。
发明内容
本发明所制陶粒的形状、粒径和强度可控,密度合适,重金属浸出率、辐射值符合国家和各行业相关安全要求和指标
相对于现有陶粒,本发明所制作的陶粒具有十分优异的声学性能,采用的发气剂或发泡剂或膨胀剂,使之不仅内部膨胀多孔,而且表面微孔数量更多,因而吸音性能十分突出,所制作的陶粒可用在制作吸音降噪材料方面,将大大有利于减少人类生活环境中的噪音。
与一般的陶粒相比,本发明的陶粒的制作采用成球机调控,球度更好,此外,经过特殊工艺烧制可使之耐高温高压,而且强度较大,通过添加的材料保证了其密度合适。本发明制作的陶粒更适合作为石油开采的压裂剂。本发明不仅解决了赤泥的利用问题,而且还大量采用了建筑废物、煤矸石、污泥、粉煤灰等其他固废,因而环保意义十分突出。生产设备采用生物燃料,相对普通锻烧制作方法较节能。
具体实施方式
一、原料配比
原料:15%-75%的赤泥,10%-65%的建筑废料或污泥或铝钒土或粉煤灰或煤矸石或粘土或粘结剂,1%-20%的水,5%-35%的碎玻璃或SiO2、5%-25%的水泥和10%-45%的发泡剂或发气剂或膨胀剂或其他添加物(包括膨润土、NaNO3粉末、淀粉、木炭粉末、BaCO3粉末、和铝、锌、电石、镁等金属粉末等),粘结剂、发气剂和发泡剂包含市场上现有的所有种类。
二、制作工艺流程
1、原料处理:将赤泥,建筑废渣、膨润土、铝钒土、煤矸石等原料(水及水泥、电石、锌等易与水发生反应的原料除外)分别干燥20-40min,保证其粉末质量含水量4%,避免水泥过早凝结;然后磨碎,混合,再加入适量的水、水泥和外加剂,放入搅拌设备搅拌均匀,形成原料混合物。
2、成球造粒:把原料混合物放入成球机,调整成球机角度呈35°-60°,控制生陶粒成球形或椭圆形等形状。在成球机旋转过程中均匀喷雾,得到直径为3mm-12mm球形生陶粒。
3、分层筛选、自然干燥:对球形陶粒进行分层筛选,选出不同粒径的生陶粒。然后自然干燥24h。步骤2和步骤3实现了对球形生陶粒形状和粒径的可控。
4、温度箱烘干:将筛选出的球形生陶粒送入80℃-130℃的干燥设备中烘干,烘干时间为30min-4h,使造料粒含水量在3%-10%。
5、生陶粒煅烧:将烘干陶粒送入进料温度为650℃-950℃的炉中,升温至煅烧膨胀温度1000℃-1400℃,保温煅烧5min-50min。使陶粒膨胀率超过120%。煅烧采用生物质燃料。
6、冷却:采用自然冷却得到强度为2.0-5.0MPa的陶粒。采用快速冷却方法将取出的陶粒在对流空气中强制冷却,得到强度为3.0-10.0MPa的陶粒。实现对陶粒强度大小的控制。
三、实施案例
为了更好地理解本发明,下面结合具体实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
实施例一
①把赤泥干燥20-40min,保证其粉末质量含水量低于4%;把建筑废渣、膨润土、铝钒土等原料(水及水泥、电石、锌等易与水发生反应的原料除外)等研磨成粉末,然后干燥20-40min,保证其粉末质量含水量低于4%;
②将所得预处理赤泥与预处理后的建筑废渣粉末、碎玻璃粉末、水泥、水、膨润土粉末可按40:25:15:5:5:10的质量比搅拌混合均匀(200r/min搅拌70min),再进行研磨至150目、筛分,即得所述赤泥生陶粒。
实施例二
①把赤泥干燥20-40min,保证其粉末质量含水量低于4%;把建筑废渣、煤矸石、铝钒土、污泥等原料(水及水泥、电石、锌等易与水发生反应的原料除外)等研磨成粉末,然后干燥20-40min,保证其粉末质量含水量低于4%;
②将所得预处理赤泥与预处理后的煤矸石粉末、SiO2、水泥、水、NaNO3粉末可按50:25:10:5:5:10的质量比搅拌混合均匀(200r/min搅拌70min),再进行研磨至150目、筛分,即得所述赤泥生陶。
实施例三
①把赤泥干燥20-40min,保证其粉末质量含水量低于4%;把建筑废渣、膨润土、铝钒土、污泥等原料(水及水泥、电石、锌等易与水发生反应的原料除外)等研磨成粉末,然后干燥20-40min,保证其粉末质量含水量低于4%;
②将所得预处理赤泥与预处理后的污泥粉末、碎玻璃粉末、水泥、水、膨润土粉末可按40:25:15:5:5:10的质量比搅拌混合均匀(200r/min搅拌70min),再进行研磨至150目、筛分,即得所述赤泥生陶粒。
对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言,在不脱离本发明的精神和实质的情况下,本发明的包含的材料种类可以做出各种变型和改进,这些变型和改进也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种赤泥陶粒的原料混合配比及其制备方法,各组分及其所占重量份数为:预处理的构成原料为赤泥15-75份、建筑废渣或污泥或铝钒土或粉煤灰或煤矸石或粘土或粘结剂10-65份、水1-20份、水泥5-25份、SiO2或碎玻璃5-35份、发泡剂或发气剂或膨胀剂或其他添加物(包括膨润土、NaNO3粉末、淀粉、木炭粉末、BaCO3粉末、电石、和铝、锌、镁等金属粉末等)10-45份。粘结剂、发气剂和发泡剂和膨胀剂包含市场上现有的所有种类。制作工艺流程为:原料处理:将赤泥,建筑废渣、膨润土、铝钒土、煤矸石等原料(水及水泥、电石、锌等易与水发生反应的原料除外)分别干燥20-40min,保证其粉末质量含水量4%,避免水泥过早凝结;然后磨碎,混合,再加入适量的水、水泥和外加剂,放入搅拌设备搅拌均匀,形成原料混合物;成球造粒:把原料混合物放入成球机,调整成球机角度呈35°-60°,控制生陶粒成球形或椭圆形等形状。在成球机旋转过程中均匀喷雾,得到直径为3mm-12mm球形生陶粒;分层筛选、自然干燥:对球形陶粒进行分层筛选,选出不同粒径的生陶粒。然后自然干燥24h。步骤2和步骤3实现了对球形生陶粒形状和粒径的可控;温度箱烘干:将筛选出的球形生陶粒送入80℃-130℃的干燥设备中烘干,烘干时间为30min-4h,使造料粒含水量在3%-10%;生陶粒煅烧:将烘干陶粒送入进料温度为650℃-950℃的炉中,升温至煅烧膨胀温度1000℃-1400℃,保温煅烧5min-50min。使陶粒膨胀率超过120%。煅烧采用生物质燃料;冷却:采用自然冷却得到强度为2.0-5.0MPa的陶粒。采用快速冷却方法将取出的陶粒在对流空气中强制冷却,得到强度为3.0-10.0MPa的陶粒。实现对陶粒强度大小的控制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种赤泥陶粒的原料混合配比及其制备方法,其特征在于所制得的陶粒,其中加入的建筑废料、粉煤灰、污泥、铝钒土、粉煤灰、粘土或粘结剂,占陶粒整体含量的10%-65%。本发明可调控赤泥的辐射量达到国家及各行业的安全标准及规范,以及通过加入的固废材料增强其力学性能。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种赤泥陶粒的原料混合配比及其制备方法,其特征在于所制得的陶粒,其中加入的膨润土、NaNO3粉末、淀粉、木炭粉末、BaCO3粉末、电石、和铝、锌、镁等金属粉末,占陶粒整体含量的10%~45%,使陶粒在一定的温度煅烧下,易于其内部产生气体或者形成空洞,保证了其内部膨胀多孔,表面形成数量巨大的微孔洞。本发明可明显增强其本身的吸音性能以及轻质性。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种赤泥陶粒的原料混合配比及其制备方法,其特征在于所制得的陶粒具体要求为:形状为球状、椭球体以及类球体,陶粒强度可控制在2.0Mpa-10.0Mpa,比表面积为5m2/g-10m2/g,陶粒的粒径为4-30㎜,密度为270-1000kg/m3,吸水率在5%-20%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种赤泥陶粒的原料混合配比及其制备方法,其特征在于所采用的成球机以及工艺流程可精细化控制其形状、强度、粒度、密度,粒径均匀。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种赤泥陶粒的原料混合配比及其制备方法,其特征在于所述预处理的构成原料从赤泥开始依次(水及水泥、电石、锌等易与水发生反应的原料除外)进行干燥至质量含水量小于等于4%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种赤泥陶粒的原料混合配比及其制备方法,其特征在于所述的建筑废渣等固体需经过分拣、破碎后得到粉体材料。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种赤泥陶粒的原料混合配比及其制备方法,其特征在于所述的制作工艺流程中的搅拌速度为200-270r/min,时间为90min。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种赤泥陶粒的原料混合配比及其制备方法,其特征在于所述的制作工艺流程中研磨工艺为研磨成100~300目粉末。
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