CN109355071B - Urban household garbage treatment method and treatment system - Google Patents
Urban household garbage treatment method and treatment system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109355071B CN109355071B CN201811303145.3A CN201811303145A CN109355071B CN 109355071 B CN109355071 B CN 109355071B CN 201811303145 A CN201811303145 A CN 201811303145A CN 109355071 B CN109355071 B CN 109355071B
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- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 205
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000006298 dechlorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical group [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 118
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000011269 tar Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001038 basic metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007233 catalytic pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
- C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
- C10K3/023—Reducing the tar content
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a municipal solid waste treatment method and a treatment system, wherein the municipal solid waste treatment method comprises the following steps: carrying out heap filtration treatment on the household garbage to reduce the water content of the household garbage; sorting the household garbage after the heap filtration treatment to screen inorganic matters and metals in the household garbage; crushing inorganic matters and metals to a predetermined particle size; performing anaerobic pyrolysis on inorganic matters and metals crushed to a preset granularity to obtain pyrolysis oil gas and pyrolysis carbon; dechlorination treatment is carried out on pyrolysis oil gas; and mixing the pyrolysis oil gas subjected to dechlorination treatment with a gasifying agent to perform oxidation reaction, and contacting with pyrolytic carbon to perform reduction reaction so as to reduce tar content. According to the urban household garbage treatment method disclosed by the invention, the generated clean fuel gas has low tar content and higher pyrolysis gas heat value. In addition, through removing chlorine-containing gas in pyrolysis oil gas in advance, products such as dioxin and the like generated in the later gasification oxidation reaction are effectively avoided, and secondary pollution is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pyrolysis, in particular to a municipal solid waste treatment method and a treatment system.
Background
With the improvement of human living standard, municipal solid waste such as: the yields of paper, plastics, fabrics, glass, metal and the like also show a situation of rapid increase, the annual output of domestic garbage in China reaches 2.5 hundred million tons, and the annual output of domestic garbage also increases at a speed of about 5 percent. The problem of environmental pollution caused by garbage has attracted worldwide attention, but its disposal is still a worldwide problem.
Common household garbage disposal technologies in China include landfill, incineration and the like. The landfill technology is mostly adopted in the early stage, so that the defects of large occupied area, environmental pollution risk, low recycling utilization rate and the like are exposed, and the problems of secondary pollution such as dioxin, heavy metal fly ash and the like cannot be solved all the time in the current incineration technology. Pyrolysis of household garbage is a popular research and development direction at present, namely, the process of pyrolysis of household garbage into pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis carbon products with high added value in an anaerobic state. The prior researches show that the pyrolysis method is favorable for solving the problem of secondary pollutant discharge such as dioxin, heavy metal, fly ash and the like, can further improve the harmless, reduced and recycling level of the household garbage, and has great potential when the pyrolysis technology is applied to the field of household garbage disposal. However, the existing pyrolysis treatment technology still has the problems that the quality of the garbage pyrolysis tar is low, the utilization value is low, the tar in the pyrolysis gas is difficult to effectively remove, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a municipal solid waste treatment method which is low in content of generated fuel gas tar.
Another object of the invention is to propose a municipal solid waste treatment system.
According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the urban household garbage treatment method comprises the following steps: carrying out heap filtration treatment on the household garbage to reduce the water content of the household garbage; sorting the household garbage after the heap filtration treatment to screen out inorganic matters and metals in the household garbage; crushing the inorganic matter and the metal to a predetermined particle size; performing anaerobic pyrolysis on the inorganic matters and the metals crushed to the preset granularity to obtain pyrolysis oil gas and pyrolysis carbon; dechlorination treatment is carried out on the pyrolysis oil gas; and mixing the pyrolysis oil gas subjected to dechlorination treatment with a gasifying agent to perform oxidation reaction, and contacting the pyrolysis oil gas with the pyrolysis carbon to perform reduction reaction so as to reduce tar content.
According to the urban household garbage treatment method disclosed by the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, the generated clean gas has low tar content, can meet the requirements of subsequent working sections such as power generation of an internal combustion engine and combustion of civil gas on pyrolysis gas, and has higher heat value. In addition, chlorine-containing gas in pyrolysis oil gas is removed in advance, so that products such as dioxin and the like generated in the later gasification oxidation reaction are effectively avoided, and the whole process environment is clean and does not cause secondary pollution.
According to some embodiments of the invention, mixing the dechlorinated pyrolysis oil gas with a gasifying agent to perform oxidation reaction and contacting the pyrolysis carbon to perform reduction reaction is performed in a gasification oxidation tower.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the pyrolysis oil gas is gasified with the gasifying agent in a lower portion of the gasification oxidation tower, and then is contacted with the pyrolytic carbon in an upper portion of the gasification oxidation tower to undergo a reduction reaction.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the volume ratio of pyrolysis oil gas to gasification agent is 1:0.1-1:0.5.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the reaction temperature of the pyrolysis oil gas and the gasifying agent is 900-1300 ℃.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the anaerobic pyrolysis of the inorganic material and the metal is performed in a pyrolysis furnace, the dechlorination of the pyrolysis oil gas is performed in a dechlorination tower,
the pyrolysis oil gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace at the temperature of 500-800 ℃ directly enters the dechlorination tower.
According to some embodiments of the invention, after the reduction reaction occurs in contact with the pyrolytic carbon, the method further comprises the steps of: removing particles in pyrolysis gas obtained after reduction reaction in contact with the pyrolysis carbon; cooling the pyrolysis gas after removing particles and recovering energy in the pyrolysis gas.
An urban domestic waste treatment system according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the invention comprises: the heap filtering device is suitable for reducing the water content of the household garbage; the sorting device is arranged at the downstream of the heap filtering device and is used for sorting inorganic matters and metals in the household garbage; the crushing device is arranged at the downstream of the sorting device and is used for crushing the inorganic matters and the metal to a preset granularity; a pyrolysis reactor provided downstream of the crushing device, the pyrolysis reactor having a pyrolysis oil gas outlet and a pyrolysis solids outlet, the inorganic matters and the metals crushed to the predetermined particle size being adapted to be pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis reactor; the dechlorination tower is provided with a dechlorination inlet and a dechlorination outlet, and the dechlorination inlet is connected with the pyrolysis oil gas outlet; the gasification oxidation tower is respectively connected with the pyrolysis solid outlet and the dechlorination outlet; the dust removing device is arranged at the downstream of the gasification oxidation tower; and the heat exchanger is arranged at the downstream of the dust removing device.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the gasification oxidation tower comprises a tower body and a material plate arranged in the tower body, a plurality of airflow through holes are formed on the material plate, a pyrolysis oil gas inlet, a gasifying agent inlet, a pyrolysis carbon inlet and a fuel gas outlet are formed on the tower body, the pyrolysis oil gas inlet and the gasifying agent inlet are positioned below the material plate, the pyrolysis carbon inlet and the fuel gas outlet are positioned above the material plate, wherein the pyrolysis oil gas inlet is connected with the pyrolysis oil gas outlet, and the pyrolysis carbon inlet is connected with the pyrolysis solid outlet.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the dechlorination tower is provided with a basic metal oxide.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the basic metal oxide is calcium oxide or iron oxide.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the dust removing device is a cyclone separator.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the heat exchanger is a dividing wall heat exchanger.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a municipal solid waste treatment method according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a gasification oxidation tower according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
100: a municipal solid waste treatment system;
1: a heap filtering device; 2: a sorting device;
3: a crushing device; 4: a pyrolysis reactor; 5: a dechlorination tower;
6: a gasification oxidation tower; 61: a tower body; 62: a material plate;
611 pyrolysis oil gas inlet; 612: a gasifying agent inlet;
613: a pyrolytic carbon inlet; 614: a gas outlet;
7: a dust removal device; 8: a heat exchanger.
Detailed Description
A municipal solid waste treatment method and treatment system according to an embodiment of the invention will be described below with reference to fig. 1 to 2.
As shown in fig. 1, the municipal solid waste treatment method according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention comprises the following steps:
carrying out heap filtration treatment on the household garbage to reduce the water content of the household garbage;
sorting the household garbage after the heap filtration treatment to screen inorganic matters and metals in the household garbage;
crushing inorganic matters and metals to a predetermined particle size;
performing anaerobic pyrolysis on inorganic matters and metals crushed to a preset granularity to obtain pyrolysis oil gas and pyrolysis carbon;
dechlorination treatment is carried out on pyrolysis oil gas;
and mixing the pyrolysis oil gas subjected to dechlorination treatment with a gasifying agent to perform oxidation reaction, and contacting with pyrolytic carbon to perform reduction reaction so as to reduce tar content.
According to one example of the invention, the household garbage can be piled and filtered for 3-4 days, so that the water content in the household garbage is reduced to 30% -45%; then, through a sorting procedure, inorganic matters and metals in the household garbage with the water content reduced to between 30 and 45 percent are screened out; next, the inorganic material and the metal are crushed to 10mm to 100mm. It can be appreciated that the number of days of pile filtration, the water content and the actual particle size of the crushing can be adjusted according to the actual situation (for example, pyrolysis process) in the treatment process of the household garbage so as to better meet the actual application.
Then, pyrolyzing inorganic matters and metals crushed to 10-100 mm in an oxygen-free environment to obtain pyrolysis oil gas and pyrolysis carbon; then, the pyrolysis oil gas is subjected to dechlorination treatment, for example, chlorine-containing gas in the pyrolysis oil gas is removed, so that products such as dioxin and the like are prevented from being generated in the oxidation reaction when the products are mixed with the gasifying agent and the reduction reaction when the products are contacted with the pyrolysis carbon in the later period, secondary pollution is avoided, the cleanliness of the whole process environment is ensured, and the catalyst can serve as a pyrolysis tar catalytic pyrolysis reaction catalyst, can catalyze pyrolysis of tar into micromolecular hydrocarbon and improve the calorific value of pyrolysis gas. And mixing the dechlorinated pyrolysis oil gas with a gasifying agent, releasing a large amount of heat by oxidation reaction of the pyrolysis oil gas, contacting with pyrolytic carbon to perform reduction reaction, and catalyzing the pyrolysis oil gas by alkali metal components in the pyrolytic carbon, so that the tar content in the pyrolysis gas is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the pyrolysis oil gas generates gases such as CO and the like through reduction reaction of a pyrolytic carbon layer and carbon, and the calorific value of the pyrolysis gas is further improved.
According to the urban household garbage treatment method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the generated clean fuel gas has low tar content, the requirements of subsequent working sections such as power generation of an internal combustion engine and combustion of civil fuel gas on pyrolysis gas can be met, and the heat value of the pyrolysis gas is higher. In addition, chlorine-containing gas in pyrolysis oil gas is removed in advance, so that products such as dioxin and the like generated in the later gasification oxidation reaction are effectively avoided, and the whole process environment is clean and does not cause secondary pollution.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the mixing of the pyrolysis oil gas subjected to the dechlorination treatment with the gasifying agent to perform the oxidation reaction and the contact with the pyrolysis carbon to perform the reduction reaction are performed in the gasification oxidation tower 6.
Further, pyrolysis oil gas is gasified with gasifying agent in the lower part of the gasification oxidation tower 6, and then is contacted with pyrolytic carbon in the upper part of the gasification oxidation tower 6 to undergo reduction reaction. Therefore, the tar content can be reduced, gasification and partial oxidation reactions are realized, and the gas heat value is improved.
Optionally, the volume ratio of pyrolysis oil gas to gasifying agent is 1:0.1-1:0.5 (inclusive). Therefore, the pyrolysis oil gas and the gasifying agent can be effectively ensured to be fully mixed, a great amount of heat is released by the pyrolysis oil gas due to the oxidation reaction, the reduction reaction is carried out by the subsequent contact with the pyrolysis carbon, and the tar content can be effectively ensured to be further reduced.
Optionally, the reaction temperature of the pyrolysis oil gas and the gasifying agent is 900 ℃ -1300 ℃ (inclusive). At the temperature, a part of pyrolysis tar reacts with gasifying agent to generate CO and H 2 、CO 2 And (3) waiting for gas, and on the other hand, generating a secondary thermal cracking reaction to generate small molecular hydrocarbon.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, the anaerobic pyrolysis of inorganic substances and metals is carried out in a pyrolysis furnace, the dechlorination of pyrolysis oil gas is carried out in a dechlorination tower 5, and pyrolysis oil gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace at a temperature of 500 ℃ -800 ℃ (inclusive) directly enters the dechlorination tower 5. That is, pyrolysis oil gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace having the above temperature is directly introduced into the dechlorination tower 5 without being cooled. Therefore, the tar can be catalytically cracked into micromolecular hydrocarbon under the condition of the reaction temperature, and the heat value of pyrolysis gas is improved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the municipal solid waste treatment method further comprises the steps of, after the reduction reaction in contact with the pyrolytic carbon:
removing particles in pyrolysis gas obtained after reduction reaction by contact with pyrolysis carbon;
cooling the pyrolysis gas after removing the particles and recovering energy in the pyrolysis gas.
Thus, by removing particles in the pyrolysis gas, a cleaner pyrolysis gas can be obtained. The pyrolysis gas after particles are removed is cooled, energy in the pyrolysis gas is recovered, the temperature of the pyrolysis gas can be reduced, low-pressure steam is generated for the requirement of a subsequent working section, and therefore the heat utilization rate of the whole process flow is improved, and secondary pollution such as waste water is avoided.
Optionally, the gasifying agent is a mixture of oxygen and water vapor. But is not limited thereto.
According to the urban household garbage treatment method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the tar generated in the pyrolysis process can be removed while the garbage is pyrolyzed, and the tar content in pyrolysis gas can be reduced as much as possible and the heat value of the pyrolysis gas can be increased.
As shown in fig. 1, an urban household garbage treatment system 100 according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention includes a heap filter device 1, a sorting device 2, a crushing device 3, a pyrolysis reactor 4, a dechlorination tower 5, a gasification oxidation tower 6, a dust removing device 7, and a heat exchanger 8.
Specifically, the heap filter apparatus 1 is adapted to reduce the water content of household garbage. The sorting device 2 is arranged downstream of the heap filtering device 1, and the sorting device 2 is used for sorting inorganic matters and metals in the household garbage. A crushing device 3 is provided downstream of the sorting device 2, the crushing device 3 being used for crushing inorganic substances and metals to a predetermined particle size. A pyrolysis reactor 4 is provided downstream of the crushing device 3, the pyrolysis reactor 4 having a pyrolysis oil gas outlet and a pyrolysis solids outlet, inorganic matters and metals crushed to a predetermined particle size being adapted to be pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis reactor 4. The dechlorination tower 5 is provided with a dechlorination inlet and a dechlorination outlet, and the dechlorination inlet is connected with a pyrolysis oil gas outlet of the pyrolysis reactor 4. The gasification oxidation tower 6 is respectively connected with a pyrolysis solid outlet of the pyrolysis reactor 4 and a dechlorination outlet of the dechlorination tower 5. The dust removing device 7 is provided downstream of the gasification oxidation tower 6. The heat exchanger 8 is arranged downstream of the dust removal device 7.
For example, the household garbage can be subjected to heap filtration for 3-4 days by a heap filtration device 1 such as a pit, so that the water content is reduced to 30-45%; then, through a sorting procedure, inorganic matters and metal components in the living garbage are screened; then, the garbage is crushed to 10-100 mm (which can be adjusted according to the pyrolysis process) and enters the pyrolysis reactor 4.
The garbage is subjected to anaerobic pyrolysis in a pyrolysis reactor 4, the pyrolysis temperature is 600-900 ℃, pyrolysis oil gas can be led out by a draught fan and then enters a dechlorination tower 5 to remove chlorine-containing gas. Pyrolytic carbon generated by pyrolysis of garbage can enter the gasification oxidation tower 6 through a discharge screw device. The pyrolysis oil gas enters the gasification oxidation tower 6 to be mixed with the gasifying agent, and a great amount of heat is released by the pyrolysis oil gas due to the oxidation reaction, and then the pyrolysis oil gas contacts with pyrolytic carbon in the gasification oxidation tower 6 to undergo reduction reaction, so that the tar content is further reduced. After that, the pyrolysis gas enters a dust removing device 7 to remove fine particles existing in the pyrolysis gas, and then the pyrolysis gas is cooled by a heat exchanger 8 and energy in the pyrolysis gas is recovered.
According to the municipal solid waste treatment system 100 disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the chlorine-containing gas in the pyrolysis oil gas is removed in advance through the dechlorination tower 5, so that the generation of products such as dioxin and the like in the later gasification oxidation reaction is effectively avoided, and the whole process environment is clean and does not cause secondary pollution. Moreover, the generated clean fuel gas has low tar content, can meet the requirements of subsequent working sections such as power generation of an internal combustion engine and combustion of civil fuel gas on pyrolysis gas, and has higher heat value.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the gasification oxidation tower 6 includes a tower body 61 and a material plate 62 provided in the tower body 61, a plurality of gas flow through holes are formed on the material plate 62, a pyrolysis oil gas inlet 611, a gasifying agent inlet 612, a pyrolysis char inlet 613 and a gas outlet 614 are formed on the tower body 61, the pyrolysis oil gas inlet 611 and the gasifying agent inlet 612 are located below the material plate 62, and the pyrolysis char inlet 613 and the gas outlet 614 are located above the material plate 62, wherein the pyrolysis oil gas inlet 611 is connected with a pyrolysis oil gas outlet of the pyrolysis reactor 4, and the pyrolysis char inlet 613 is connected with a pyrolysis solids outlet of the pyrolysis reactor 4. Therefore, after the household garbage pyrolysis oil gas is dechlorinated, gasification reaction is carried out at the lower part in the gasification oxidation tower 6, and then reduction reaction is carried out at the upper part of the gasification oxidation tower 6 in contact with pyrolytic carbon, thereby well reducing tar content, realizing gasification and partial oxidation reaction and improving gas heat value
According to some embodiments of the present invention, a basic metal oxide is provided within the dechlorination tower 5. Alternatively, the basic metal oxide is calcium oxide or iron oxide, or the like. The existence of the alkaline metal oxide can remove chlorine-containing gas in pyrolysis oil gas, so that secondary pollution caused by dioxin generated by reaction with oxygen in the gasification oxidation tower 6 in the later period is prevented; the catalyst can be used as a catalyst for pyrolysis tar catalytic pyrolysis reaction, and can catalyze pyrolysis tar to form micromolecular hydrocarbon under the condition of the reaction temperature, so that the heat value of pyrolysis gas is improved.
Alternatively, the dust removing device 7 is a cyclone separator. Therefore, the dust removal effect is good.
Alternatively, the heat exchanger 8 is a dividing wall heat exchanger 8. Therefore, the cooling reduces the temperature of pyrolysis gas, and generates low-pressure steam for the requirement of the subsequent working section, thereby improving the heat utilization rate of the whole process flow and avoiding secondary pollution such as waste water.
The treatment of household garbage is specifically described below in connection with the municipal household garbage treatment system 100 according to the above-described embodiment of the invention.
And (3) carrying out heap filtration on the household garbage in a certain place for 4 days, reducing the water content to 34%, sorting and crushing the household garbage, screening inorganic matters and metal components in the household garbage until the granularity is 30-50 mm, and then entering a pyrolysis reactor 4.
Inorganic matters and metal components with the granularity of 30-50 mm are subjected to anaerobic pyrolysis in a pyrolysis reactor 4, the pyrolysis temperature is 800 ℃, the pyrolysis time is 1.5h, pyrolysis oil gas is led out by a draught fan and directly enters a dechlorination tower 5, the pyrolysis oil gas temperature entering the dechlorination tower 5 is about 680 ℃, and the filler of the dechlorination tower 5 is calcium oxide with the granularity of more than or equal to 5 mm. The pyrolysis oil gas enters a gasification oxidation tower 6 to be mixed and reacted with a gasifying agent after passing through a dechlorination tower 5, the gasifying agent is mixed gas of oxygen and water vapor (the mol ratio of the oxygen to the water vapor is 3:1, the volume ratio of the gasifying agent to the pyrolysis oil gas is 0.15:1),the pyrolysis oil gas is subjected to oxidation reaction through a gasification oxidation tower 6, the reaction temperature is controlled to be higher than 900 ℃, and then the pyrolysis oil gas enters the upper part of the gasification oxidation tower 6 to be contacted with pyrolytic carbon from a pyrolysis reactor 4 for reduction reaction, wherein the reaction temperature is about 750 ℃. Through detection after passing through the gasification oxidation tower 6, the tar content of the pyrolysis gas is reduced to 18mg/Nm 3 Can meet the requirements of the subsequent working section such as an internal combustion engine and an industrial boiler on recycling of pyrolysis gas.
The clean fuel gas is cooled to 600 ℃ after passing through a cyclone separator, then a dividing wall type water-cooling heat exchanger 8 is utilized to cool the pyrolysis gas, heat in the pyrolysis gas is recovered and low-pressure steam is generated, the pyrolysis gas temperature is cooled to room temperature after passing through the heat exchanger 8, and then the pyrolysis gas enters a gas storage tank for recycling, wherein the heat value of the pyrolysis gas is 2581kcal/Nm 3 。
According to the municipal solid waste treatment system 100 of the embodiment of the invention, the quality of the pyrolysis gas is improved, and the content of tar is reduced as much as possible.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be configured and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The urban household garbage treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
carrying out heap filtration treatment on the household garbage to reduce the water content of the household garbage;
sorting the household garbage after the heap filtration treatment to screen inorganic matters and metals in the household garbage;
crushing the separated household garbage to a preset granularity;
performing anaerobic pyrolysis on the household garbage crushed to the preset granularity to obtain pyrolysis oil gas and pyrolysis carbon;
dechlorination treatment is carried out on the pyrolysis oil gas; and
mixing the pyrolysis oil gas subjected to dechlorination treatment with a gasifying agent to perform oxidation reaction, contacting the pyrolysis oil gas with the pyrolytic carbon to perform reduction reaction so as to reduce tar content,
wherein the oxidation reaction and the reduction reaction are carried out in a gasification oxidation tower, wherein pyrolysis oil gas and the gasifying agent are subjected to oxidation reaction at the lower part in the gasification oxidation tower, and then are contacted with the pyrolytic carbon at the upper part in the gasification oxidation tower to carry out reduction reaction;
the reaction temperature of the pyrolysis oil gas and the gasifying agent is 900-1300 ℃.
2. The municipal solid waste treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of pyrolysis oil gas to gasifying agent is 1:0.1-1:0.5.
3. The method for treating municipal solid waste according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the anaerobic pyrolysis of the household garbage crushed to the predetermined particle size is performed in a pyrolysis furnace, the dechlorination of the pyrolysis oil gas is performed in a dechlorination tower,
and the pyrolysis oil gas discharged from the pyrolysis furnace at the temperature of 500-800 ℃ directly enters the dechlorination tower.
4. The municipal solid waste treatment method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of, after the reduction reaction by contact with the pyrolytic carbon:
removing particles in pyrolysis gas obtained after reduction reaction in contact with the pyrolysis carbon;
cooling the pyrolysis gas after removing particles and recovering energy in the pyrolysis gas.
5. A municipal solid waste treatment system, comprising:
the heap filtering device is suitable for reducing the water content of the household garbage;
the sorting device is arranged at the downstream of the heap filtering device and is used for sorting inorganic matters and metals in the household garbage;
the crushing device is arranged at the downstream of the sorting device and is used for crushing the sorted household garbage to a preset granularity;
the pyrolysis reactor is arranged at the downstream of the crushing device and is provided with a pyrolysis oil gas outlet and a pyrolysis solid outlet, and the household garbage crushed to the preset granularity is suitable for performing anaerobic pyrolysis in the pyrolysis reactor;
the dechlorination tower is provided with a dechlorination inlet and a dechlorination outlet, and the dechlorination inlet is connected with the pyrolysis oil gas outlet; an alkaline metal oxide is arranged in the dechlorination tower;
the gasification oxidation tower is respectively connected with the pyrolysis solid outlet and the dechlorination outlet;
the dust removing device is arranged at the downstream of the gasification oxidation tower; and
a heat exchanger arranged at the downstream of the dust removing device,
the gasification oxidation tower comprises a tower body and a material plate arranged in the tower body, a plurality of airflow through holes are formed in the material plate, a pyrolysis oil gas inlet, a gasifying agent inlet, a pyrolysis charcoal inlet and a gas outlet are formed in the tower body, the pyrolysis oil gas inlet and the gasifying agent inlet are positioned below the material plate, the pyrolysis charcoal inlet and the gas outlet are positioned above the material plate, the pyrolysis oil gas inlet is connected with the pyrolysis oil gas outlet, and the pyrolysis charcoal inlet is connected with the pyrolysis solid outlet.
6. The municipal solid waste treatment system according to claim 5, wherein the alkaline metal oxide is calcium oxide or iron oxide.
7. The municipal solid waste treatment system according to claim 5, wherein the dust removing means is a cyclone.
8. The municipal solid waste treatment system according to claim 5, wherein the heat exchanger is a dividing wall heat exchanger.
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| CN110180869A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-08-30 | 云南中贸环境节能科技投资股份有限公司 | A kind of villages and small towns house refuse high-efficiency cleaning minimizing integrated conduct method |
| CN111589845A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-28 | 北京云水浩瑞环境科技有限公司 | System and method for treating household garbage |
| CN113025381B (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-11-25 | 南京万德斯环保科技股份有限公司 | Small vibrating type pyrolytic carbon gasification device and gasification process |
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