CN109196031B - 通过模塑发泡法制得的纤维增强的反应性泡沫 - Google Patents
通过模塑发泡法制得的纤维增强的反应性泡沫 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109196031B CN109196031B CN201780032541.4A CN201780032541A CN109196031B CN 109196031 B CN109196031 B CN 109196031B CN 201780032541 A CN201780032541 A CN 201780032541A CN 109196031 B CN109196031 B CN 109196031B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- molded article
- fiber
- reactive
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 327
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 198
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000582 polyisocyanurate Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002396 Polyurea Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011495 polyisocyanurate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009755 vacuum infusion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004823 Reactive adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006223 adhesive resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013518 molded foam Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000198134 Agave sisalana Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006306 polyurethane fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 93
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 29
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 22
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 19
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 14
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 12
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 9
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 8
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 7
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002666 chemical blowing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 description 4
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 4
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001718 carbodiimides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(O)=O AVWRKZWQTYIKIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007259 addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical group NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010097 foam moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004992 toluidines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- WZLFPVPRZGTCKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane Chemical compound CC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)F WZLFPVPRZGTCKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930188104 Alkylresorcinol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron trifluoride etherate Chemical compound FB(F)F.CCOCC KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ibuprofen Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C(C)C(O)=O)C=C1 HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N difluoromethane Chemical compound FCF RWRIWBAIICGTTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl terephthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OC)C=C1 WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000000497 foam cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000004872 foam stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCCN XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N (+)-propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMNDMAQKWSQVOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylphenyl) diphenyl phosphate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XMNDMAQKWSQVOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)\C=C\Cl LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLOLSXYRJFEOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=CC(F)(F)F NLOLSXYRJFEOTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)F NPNPZTNLOVBDOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Epoxybutane Chemical compound CCC1CO1 RBACIKXCRWGCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diazetidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)N1 PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-propanediol Substances OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940035437 1,3-propanediol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N)=CC=CC2=C1 RUFPHBVGCFYCNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CVFRFSNPBJUQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)benzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCC1=C(O)C=CC(O)=C1CCO CVFRFSNPBJUQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQXKWPLDPFFDJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethyloxirane Chemical compound CC1OC1C PQXKWPLDPFFDJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZEWIYUUNKCGKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)ethanol;octadecanoic acid Chemical compound OCCNCCO.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O RZEWIYUUNKCGKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)COC(C)CO LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJWBPEYRTPGWPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[bis(2-chloroethoxy)phosphoryloxy]ethyl bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCCOP(=O)(OCCCl)OCCOP(=O)(OCCCl)OCCCl CJWBPEYRTPGWPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMRCTEPOPAZMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-undecylpropanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)C(O)=O WMRCTEPOPAZMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPSWKCOPTWMYSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dibromobut-1-ene-1,1-diol Chemical class BrC(C=C(O)O)(C)Br PPSWKCOPTWMYSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XIRDTMSOGDWMOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5,6-tetrabromophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(Br)C(Br)=C(Br)C(Br)=C1C(O)=O XIRDTMSOGDWMOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKAZWCZKODJIJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(C)(CC)P(O)=O Chemical compound CCC(C)(CC)P(O)=O CKAZWCZKODJIJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTGCGTYWTGZZRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CP(O)(O)=O.C(C)C(N(CCO)CC)CO Chemical compound CP(O)(O)=O.C(C)C(N(CCO)CC)CO NTGCGTYWTGZZRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019759 Maize starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007182 Ochroma pyramidale Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004435 Oxo alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001192924 Parna Species 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003568 Sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQYJRMFWJJONBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate Chemical compound BrCC(Br)COP(=O)(OCC(Br)CBr)OCC(Br)CBr PQYJRMFWJJONBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKWTVSLWAPBBKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N a1010_sial Chemical compound O=[As]O[As]=O IKWTVSLWAPBBKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010539 anionic addition polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000413 arsenic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960002594 arsenic trioxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical class C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010538 cationic polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007973 cyanuric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PFURGBBHAOXLIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1O PFURGBBHAOXLIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLMGYIOTPQVQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OC1CCCC(O)C1 RLMGYIOTPQVQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKONPUDBRVKQLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OC1CCC(O)CC1 VKONPUDBRVKQLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCO FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMWXXXSCZVGQAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] WMWXXXSCZVGQAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VONWDASPFIQPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl methylphosphonate Chemical compound COP(C)(=O)OC VONWDASPFIQPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWKXNDCHNDYVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylbenzene Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 KWKXNDCHNDYVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093476 ethylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F UKACHOXRXFQJFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol Chemical class OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 1
- KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004780 naphthols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005002 naphthylamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-M oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000879 optical micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxetane Chemical compound C1COC1 AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQGORBDJUOIEQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaazanium pentachloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+] ZQGORBDJUOIEQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCVRQHFDJLLWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)CO WCVRQHFDJLLWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUOPINZRYMFPBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,3-diol Chemical compound CCC(O)CCO RUOPINZRYMFPBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005594 polymer fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005373 porous glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQKGAJDYBZOFSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;propan-2-olate Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)[O-] WQKGAJDYBZOFSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical class CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-M ricinoleate Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-QJWNTBNXSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940066675 ricinoleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013875 sodium salts of fatty acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003510 tertiary aliphatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHNUXDYAOVSGII-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(1,3-dichloropropyl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCCC(Cl)OP(=O)(OC(Cl)CCCl)OC(Cl)CCCl DHNUXDYAOVSGII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCCOP(=O)(OCCCl)OCCCl HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTRSAMFYSUBAGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate Chemical compound CC(Cl)COP(=O)(OCC(C)Cl)OCC(C)Cl GTRSAMFYSUBAGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0085—Use of fibrous compounding ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/36—After-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/56—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape
- B29C44/5627—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape by mechanical deformation, e.g. crushing, embossing, stretching
- B29C44/5663—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape by mechanical deformation, e.g. crushing, embossing, stretching by perforating the foam, e.g. to open the cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/56—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape
- B29C44/5681—Covering the foamed object with, e.g. a lining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/065—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/36—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyesters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/38—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising epoxy resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/024—Woven fabric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/12—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of different layers, e.g. the fibres or filaments being parallel or perpendicular to each other
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/16—Catalysts
- C08G18/18—Catalysts containing secondary or tertiary amines or salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
- C08G18/3203—Polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G18/3206—Polyhydroxy compounds aliphatic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/4009—Two or more macromolecular compounds not provided for in one single group of groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/64
- C08G18/4018—Mixtures of compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/48
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4205—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups
- C08G18/4208—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups containing aromatic groups
- C08G18/4211—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing cyclic groups containing aromatic groups derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4244—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
- C08G18/4247—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polyols containing at least one ether group and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G18/425—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polyols containing at least one ether group and polycarboxylic acids the polyols containing one or two ether groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4804—Two or more polyethers of different physical or chemical nature
- C08G18/4812—Mixtures of polyetherdiols with polyetherpolyols having at least three hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4804—Two or more polyethers of different physical or chemical nature
- C08G18/4816—Two or more polyethers of different physical or chemical nature mixtures of two or more polyetherpolyols having at least three hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4825—Polyethers containing two hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4829—Polyethers containing at least three hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4833—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/487—Polyethers containing cyclic groups
- C08G18/4883—Polyethers containing cyclic groups containing cyclic groups having at least one oxygen atom in the ring
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/65—Low-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen with high-molecular-weight compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/66—Compounds of groups C08G18/42, C08G18/48, or C08G18/52
- C08G18/6666—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52
- C08G18/667—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38
- C08G18/6674—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203
- C08G18/6677—Compounds of group C08G18/48 or C08G18/52 with compounds of group C08G18/32 or polyamines of C08G18/38 with compounds of group C08G18/3203 having at least three hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
- C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
- C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
- C08G18/7671—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups containing only one alkylene bisphenyl group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/125—Water, e.g. hydrated salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/36—After-treatment
- C08J9/365—Coating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/06—Rotors
- F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
- B29C44/56—After-treatment of articles, e.g. for altering the shape
- B29C44/569—Shaping and joining components with different densities or hardness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
- B29K2105/045—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous with open cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
- B29K2105/14—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles oriented
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2309/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2303/00 - B29K2307/00, as reinforcement
- B29K2309/08—Glass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0094—Geometrical properties
- B29K2995/0097—Thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
- B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
- B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B2260/023—Two or more layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0223—Vinyl resin fibres
- B32B2262/0238—Vinyl halide, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0253—Polyolefin fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
- B32B2262/0269—Aromatic polyamide fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
- B32B2262/0292—Polyurethane fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
- B32B2262/062—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
- B32B2262/065—Lignocellulosic fibres, e.g. jute, sisal, hemp, flax, bamboo
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/103—Metal fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/105—Ceramic fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/02—Organic
- B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/02—Organic
- B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
- B32B2266/0278—Polyurethane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/02—Organic
- B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
- B32B2266/0285—Condensation resins of aldehydes, e.g. with phenols, ureas, melamines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/72—Density
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2603/00—Vanes, blades, propellers, rotors with blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/08—Cars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/10—Trains
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/18—Aircraft
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0025—Foam properties rigid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2110/00—Foam properties
- C08G2110/0083—Foam properties prepared using water as the sole blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
- C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
- C08J2201/022—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments premixing or pre-blending a part of the components of a foamable composition, e.g. premixing the polyol with the blowing agent, surfactant and catalyst and only adding the isocyanate at the time of foaming
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/10—Water or water-releasing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
- C08J2205/052—Closed cells, i.e. more than 50% of the pores are closed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/10—Rigid foams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2300/00—Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
- C08J2300/24—Thermosetting resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/02—Polyureas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
- C08J2375/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
- Molding Of Porous Articles (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及由反应性泡沫材料制得的模制品,其中将至少一根纤维(F)部分地定位于模制品内,即被泡沫材料包围。因此,未被反应性泡沫材料包围的各个纤维(F)的两端从相应的模制体的一侧伸出。所述反应性泡沫材料根据模塑发泡方法制备。本发明还涉及一种面板,其包含至少一个这种模制体和至少一个其他层(S1)。本发明还涉及由反应性泡沫材料制备本发明的模制品或本发明的面板的方法及其用途,例如作为风力涡轮机中的转子叶片的用途。
Description
本发明涉及由反应性泡沫制得的模制品,其中将至少一根纤维(F)部分地布置于模制品内,即被反应性泡沫包围。因此,未被反应性泡沫包围的各个纤维(F)的两端各自从相应的模制品的一侧伸出。所述反应性泡沫通过模塑发泡方法制备。本发明还提供一种面板(panel),其包含至少一个这种模制品和至少一个其他层(S1)。本发明还提供由反应性泡沫制备本发明的模制品/本发明的面板的方法,并且提供其用途,例如作为风力涡轮机中的转子叶片的用途。
WO 2006/125561涉及制备增强的多孔材料的方法,其中在第一工艺步骤中,在多孔材料中产生至少一个从多孔材料的第一表面延伸到第二表面的孔。在多孔材料的第二表面的另一侧,提供至少一个纤维束,所述纤维束用针拉引穿过该孔至多孔材料的第一侧。但是,在针抓住纤维束之前,首先将针牵引穿过来自多孔材料的第一侧上的特定孔。此外,根据WO2006/125561的方法结束时,纤维束被部分地布置于多孔材料中,因为其填充了相应的孔,且各侧上的相应纤维束部分地从多孔材料的第一表面和第二表面伸出。
通过在WO 2006/125561中所记载的方法,可以制备包含所述多孔材料的芯和至少一种纤维束的夹层状部件。可将树脂层和纤维增强的树脂层施用至该芯的表面,以制备实际的夹层状部件。用于形成夹层状部件的芯的多孔材料可例如为聚氯乙烯或聚氨酯。有用的纤维束的实例包括碳纤维、尼龙纤维、玻璃纤维或聚酯纤维。
然而,WO 2006/125561并没有公开通过模塑发泡法制得的反应性泡沫还可以用作制备夹层状部件中的芯的多孔材料。WO 2006/125561中的夹层状部件适用于航空器结构。
WO 2011/012587涉及制备用于由复合材料制得的面板的具有整合(integrated)的桥接纤维的芯的另一方法。所述芯通过借助针将由轻质材料制成的被称为“饼状物(cake)”的表面上提供的桥接纤维部分地或完全地牵引所述“饼状物”来制备。所述“饼状物”可由聚氨酯泡沫、聚酯泡沫、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯泡沫、聚氯乙烯泡沫或酚醛泡沫,特别是由聚氨酯泡沫形成。所用的纤维原则上可为任何种类的单根或多根细线和其他纱线。
由此制备的芯转而可为由复合材料制得的面板的一部分,其中在夹层状结构中,所述芯的一侧或两侧被树脂基体以及树脂基体和纤维的结合物包围。然而,WO 2011/012587并没有公开通过模塑发泡法制得的反应性泡沫可用于制备相应的芯材料。
WO 2012/138445涉及使用大量的低密度的多孔材料的纵向条带(trips)来制备复合的芯面板的方法。在各条带之间引入双层纤维垫,并提供使用树脂使得各条带粘合,以形成复合芯面板。根据WO 2012/138445,形成纵向条带的低密度的多孔材料选自轻木、弹性泡沫和纤维增强的复合泡沫。在各条带之间引入的双层纤维垫例如可为多孔玻璃纤维垫。用作粘合剂的树脂例如可为聚酯、环氧树脂或酚醛树脂,或热活化的热塑性树脂,例如聚丙烯或PET。然而,WO 2012/138445并没有公开还可以使用通过模塑发泡法制得的反应性泡沫作为用于细长条带的多孔材料。其也没有公开单个纤维或纤维束可被纳入多孔材料中用于增强。根据WO 2012/138445,仅仅在通过树脂粘合各条带以获得芯材料的情况下,另外构成粘合元件的单独的纤维垫被用于此目的。
GB-A2 455 044公开了制备多层复合制品的方法,其中在第一工艺步骤中,提供大量的由热塑性材料和发泡剂制成的珠粒。所述热塑性材料为聚苯乙烯(PS)和聚苯醚(PPO)的混合物,其包含至少20重量%至70重量%的PPO。在第二工艺步骤中,使所述珠粒膨胀,并在第三工艺步骤中,将它们在模具中熔接(welded)以形成热塑性材料的闭孔泡沫,得到模制品,所述闭孔泡沫具有模具的形状。在接下来的工艺步骤中,将纤维增强材料层施用至闭孔泡沫的表面,使用环氧树脂进行各表面的粘结。然而,GB-A2 455 044并没有公开可将通过模塑发泡法制得的反应性泡沫引入多层复合制品的芯中。
类似的方法和类似的多层复合制品(类似于GB-A2 455 044中那些)还公开于WO2009/047483中。这些多层复合制品适于作为例如,转子叶片(风力涡轮机中)或船舶的船体。
US-B 7,201,625公开了制备泡沫产品的方法以及泡沫产品本身,所述泡沫产品可例如在体育领域用作冲浪板。泡沫产品的芯由粒状泡沫(例如基于聚苯乙烯泡沫)形成。该粒状泡沫在特定的模具中制备,同时外层塑料皮包围粒状泡沫。所述外层塑料皮例如可为聚乙烯膜。然而,US-B 7,201,625也没有公开用于增强材料的纤维可存在粒状泡沫中。
US-B 6,767,623公开了具有模塑聚丙烯粒状泡沫芯层的夹层面板,所述聚丙烯粒状泡沫基于粒径在2至8mm范围内且堆密度(bulk density)在10至100g/L范围内的颗粒。此外,所述夹层面板包括两个纤维增强的聚丙烯外层,各外层围绕芯布置以形成夹层结构。而其他的层也可任选存在于夹层面板中用于装饰的目的。所述外层可包括玻璃纤维或其他聚合物纤维。
EP-A 2 420 531公开了基于聚合物例如聚苯乙烯的挤出泡沫,其中存在至少一种粒径≤10μm的无机填料和至少一种成核剂。这些挤出泡沫的特征在于其改善的刚度。另外记载了用于制备这种基于聚苯乙烯的挤出泡沫的相应挤出方法。所述挤出的泡沫可具有闭孔。EP-A2 480 531没有说明挤出泡沫包含纤维。
WO 2005/056653涉及由可膨胀的、包含填料的聚合物颗粒形成的粒状泡沫模制品。所述粒状泡沫模制品可通过熔接由可膨胀的、包含填料的热塑性聚合物颗粒制成的预发泡的泡沫粒子获得,所述粒状泡沫的密度在8至300g/L范围内。所述热塑性聚合物颗粒特别地包含苯乙烯聚合物。所用的填料可为粉状无机物、金属、白垩、氢氧化铝、碳酸钙或氧化铝,或珠粒或纤维形式的无机物,例如玻璃珠粒、玻璃纤维或碳纤维。
US 3,030,256涉及层压面板及其制造方法。所述板包含其中引入有纤维束的芯材料和表面材料。芯材料为发泡塑料和膨胀塑料。将纤维布置于一个纤维区域内的泡沫中。第一纤维区域从模制品的第一侧面上伸出,并且第二纤维区域从模制品的第一侧面上伸出。
US 6,187,411涉及包含泡沫芯材料的增强夹层面板,所述泡沫芯材料在两个侧面上包括纤维层,并且穿过外纤维层和泡沫来缝合纤维。所述的泡沫芯材料包括聚氨酯、酚和异氰酸酯。
US2010/0196652涉及准各向同性夹层结构,其包含由纤维垫包围的芯材料,其中将玻璃纤维粗纱缝入纤维垫和芯材料中。所述泡沫包括各种泡沫,例如聚氨酯、聚异氰脲酸酯、酚、聚苯乙烯、PEI、聚乙烯、聚丙烯等。
在US 3,030,256、US 6,187,411和US 2010/0196652中所记载的复合材料的缺点在于它们通常具有高的树脂吸收性。
对于反应性泡沫的制备,存在许多不同的制备方法、材料及随之产生的性能。在‘Polyurethane and related foams’,K.Ashida,2006,CRC中,在Polyurethane Handbook,G.Oertel,1994,第2版,Hanser中以及在Szycher's Handbook of Polyurethanes,M.Szycher,2012,第2版,CRC中提供了概述。
因此本发明的目的在于提供新的纤维增强的模制品或面板。
根据本发明,该目的通过一种由反应性泡沫制得的模制品来实现,其中将至少一根纤维(F)以纤维区域(FB2)布置于模制品中并且被反应性泡沫包围,同时纤维(F)的纤维区域(FB1)从模制品的第一侧伸出,以及纤维(F)的纤维区(FB3)从模制品的第二侧伸出,其中反应性泡沫已经通过模塑发泡方法制备,其中将纤维(F)以相对于模制品的厚度方向(d)成10°至70°的α角引入到反应性泡沫中,并且其中模制品通过包括步骤a)至f)的方法获得:
a)任选地将至少一层(S2)施加到反应性泡沫至少一侧上,
b)每根纤维(F)在反应性泡沫中和任选地在层(S2)中产生一个孔,其中所述孔从反应性泡沫的第一侧延伸到第二侧,并任选地穿过层(S2),
c)在反应性泡沫第二侧上提供至少一根纤维(F),
d)将针从反应性泡沫的第一侧穿过孔至反应性泡沫的第二侧,并且任选地使针穿过层(S2),
e)在反应性泡沫的第二侧上,将至少一根纤维(F)固定在针上,以及
f)将针连同纤维(F)一起通过孔返回,使得纤维(F)以纤维区域(FB2)定位于模制品中并被反应性泡沫包围,而纤维(F)的纤维区域(FB1)从模制品的第一侧或任选地从层(S2)伸出,且纤维(F)的纤维区域(FB3)从模制品的第二侧伸出。
本发明还提供了由反应性泡沫制成的模制品,其中将至少一根纤维(F)以纤维区域(FB2)布置于模制品中并且被反应性泡沫包围,同时纤维(F)的纤维区域(FB1)从模制品的第一侧伸出,以及纤维(F)的纤维区(FB3)从模制品的第二侧伸出,其中反应性泡沫已经通过模塑发泡方法制备。
换句话说,反应性泡沫可通过模塑发泡方法获得。
本发明的模制品的有利特征在于具有低的树脂吸收同时也具有良好的界面结合,其中低的树脂吸收尤其归因于通过模塑发泡方法制备的反应性泡沫。该效果是重要的,尤其是在将本发明的模制品进行进一步处理以得到本发明的面板时。
根据本发明,通过在本发明的模制品中或由其制得的面板中的反应性泡沫的纤维增强,能够进一步改善粘合同时降低树脂吸收。根据本发明,将所述纤维(单独的或优选以纤维束的形式)可有利地首先以干燥的形式和/或通过机械方法引入到反应性泡沫中。纤维或纤维束没有平齐地铺在各反应性泡沫表面上,而是超出,因此能够改善粘合或直接连接至本发明面板中相应的外板层。根据本发明,特别是当被施用至本发明的模制品的外板层是形成面板的至少一个其他(S1)时,尤其存在这种情况。优选施用两个层(S1),其可以是相同或不同的。特别优选,将两层相同的层(S1),特别是两层相同的纤维增强的树脂层施用至本发明的模制品的相对的侧面上,以形成本发明的面板。这种面板也称为“夹层材料”,在这种情况下本发明的模制品还可称为“芯材料”。
因此,本发明的面板的特征在于低的树脂吸收连同良好的剥离强度,及良好的剪切刚度和高的剪切模量。此外,尤其是可以通过选择纤维类型及其比例和设置来调整高的强度和刚度特性。低的树脂吸收的效果是重要的,因为在使用这种面板(夹层材料)的情况下的共同目的是结构性能应以最小的重量增加。在使用例如纤维增强的外板层的情况下,除了实际的外板层和模制品(夹层芯)外,模制品(芯材料)的树脂吸收也对总重量有贡献。然而,本发明的模制品或本发明的面板可以降低树脂吸收,这可以减轻重量并节省成本。
在本发明模制品的一个实施方案中,一个特别的优点可被认为是反应性泡沫的封闭表面。通过模塑发泡方法生产的反应性泡沫通常提供具有高表面质量的密封(封闭)表面,其特征在于最小的树脂吸收和从反应性泡沫的芯到表面的密度梯度,并且密度从反应性泡沫的芯到其表面增加。也将具有密度梯度的反应性泡沫(其中密度从反应性泡沫的芯到其表面增加)称作整体泡沫。特别是通过与被引入以获得本发明的模制品的纤维的结合,由此可以获得最小的重量,同时具有最大的机械特性。
在本发明的上下文中,“封闭的表面”理解为以下含义:封闭的表面由光学显微镜图像或电子显微镜图像来评估。使用图像分析,评估基于总的表面积计,敞开的泡沫孔的面积比。具有封闭的表面的泡沫被定义为:(1-敞开的泡沫孔的面积比)/总的表面积>30%,优选>50%,更优选>80%,特别是>95%。
本发明的模制品或面板的另一个优点被认为是使用反应性泡沫/与其相关的制备,使得在模制品的表面引入整合结构例如槽或孔变得相对简单,并使得进一步模制品的加工变得相对简单。制造使得结构通过成型步骤(例如热成型或材料去除处理)直接在方法中整合。在使用所述模制品(芯材)的情况下,通常将这种结构例如引入到曲面结构(深槽)中用于悬挂(draping),用于改进通过液体树脂工艺(例如真空灌注(孔))的可加工性,以及用于加速上述加工操作(浅槽)。所述引入的结构优选具有封闭的表面,从而具有非常低的树脂吸收,如果需要的话。
另外,在制造过程中或在制造之后,可将其他的层(S2)施加到反应性泡沫。这样的层(S2)可以改善本发明的反应性泡沫/模制品的整体完整性。
其他可以实现的改进/优点是将纤维(F)以相对于反应性泡沫的厚度方向(d)呈10°至70°、更优选30°至50°的角度α引入到反应性中。通常,以自动方式以0°至<90°的角度引入纤维(F)在工业上是可实现的。
当将纤维(F)不仅以平行的方式引入到反应性泡沫中,而且其他纤维(F)也以彼此呈优选>0至180°的角度β方式引入时,可以实现额外的改进/优点。另外,这实现了对本发明模制品在不同方向上的机械性能的特定改进。
当本发明面板中的(外部)树脂层通过液体注入方法或液体灌注方法(其中纤维在加工过程中可用树脂浸渍,且机械性能得到改进)施加时也是有利的。另外,可以节省成本。
下文进一步说明本发明。
根据本发明,所述模制品包含反应性泡沫和至少一根纤维(F)。
存在于模制品中的纤维(F)是单根纤维或纤维束,优选纤维束。合适的纤维(F)是本领域技术人员已知的可形成纤维的所有材料。例如,纤维(F)是有机纤维、无机纤维、金属纤维或陶瓷纤维或它们的组合,优选聚合纤维、玄武岩纤维、玻璃纤维、碳纤维或天然纤维,特别优选聚芳酰胺纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维或碳纤维;聚合纤维优选为聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚芳酰胺纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚氨酯纤维、聚氯乙烯纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维和/或聚酰胺酰亚胺纤维;天然纤维优选为剑麻纤维、大麻纤维、亚麻纤维、竹纤维、椰子纤维和/或黄麻纤维。
在一个实施方案中,使用纤维束。纤维束由若干单根纤维(长丝)组成。每束中的单根纤维的数量为至少10根、优选100至100000根、在玻璃纤维的情况下特别优选300至10000根,在碳纤维的情况下更优选为1000至50000根,并且在玻璃纤维的情况下特别优选为500至5000根且在碳纤维的情况下特别优选为2000至20000根。
根据本发明,将至少一根纤维(F)以纤维区域(FB2)布置于模制品中并被反应性泡沫体包围,同时纤维(F)的纤维区域(FB1)从模制品的第一侧伸出,且纤维(F)的纤维区域(FB3)从模制品的第二侧伸出。
纤维区域(FB1)、纤维区域(FB2)和纤维区域(FB3)可各自占纤维(F)总长度的任意期望的比例。在一个实施方案中,纤维区域(FB1)和纤维区域(FB3)各自彼此独立地占纤维(F)总长度的1%至45%、优选2%至40%且更优选5%至30%,且纤维区域(FB2)占纤维(F)总长度的10%至98%、优选20%至96%且更优选40%至90%。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,纤维(F)的纤维区域(FB1)从中伸出的模制品的第一侧与纤维(F)的纤维区域(FB3)从中伸出的模制品的第二侧相对。
纤维(F)以相对于模制品的厚度方向(d)或以相对于模制品的第一侧(的表面)的垂直方向呈10°至70°的角度α引入到模制品中。
优选地,纤维(F)以相对于模制品的厚度方向(d)呈30°至60°、优选30°至50°、甚至更优选30°至45°且特别是45°的角度α引入到反应性泡沫中。
在另一个实施方案中,角度α可为0°至90°的任何所想要的值。例如,这种情况下的纤维(F)以相对于模制品的厚度方向(d)呈0°至60°、优选0°至50°、更优选0°至15°或10°至70°、优选30°至60°、特别优选30°至50°、还更优选30°至45°特别是45°的角度α引入到反应性泡沫中。
在另一个实施方案中,至少两根纤维(F)以两个不同的角度α、α1和α2、引入,其中第一角度α1优选为0°至15°且第二角度α2优选为30°至50°;特别优选地,α1为0°至5°且α2为40°至50°。
优选地,所有的纤维(F)均以相对于模制品的厚度方向呈10°至70°、优选30°至60°、特别优选30°至50°、还更优选30°至45°、优选45°的角度α引入到反应性泡沫中。
另外优选的是,除了所述至少一根纤维(F)之外,未将其他纤维引入到反应性泡沫中。
优选地,本发明的模制品包含多根纤维(F)、优选纤维束,和/或每m2包含多于10根纤维(F)或纤维束、优选每m2多于1000根,尤其优选每m2为4000至40 000根。优选地,本发明模制品中的所有纤维(F)具有相同的角度α或至少近似相同的角度(差值不大于+/-5°、优选+/-2°、尤其优选+/-1°)。
可将所有纤维(F)彼此平行地布置于模制品中。根据本发明,同样可能和优选的是,可将两根或多根纤维(F)以彼此呈角度β布置于模制品中。在本发明的上下文中,角度β应理解为意指第一纤维(F1)在模制品的第一侧的表面上的正投影与第二纤维(F2)在模制品表面上的正投影之间的角度,两根纤维已被引入到模制品中。
角度β优选为β=360°/n,其中n为整数。优选地,n为2至6、更优选为2至4。例如,角度β为90°、120°或180°。在另一个实施方案中,角度β为80°至100°、110°至130°或170°至190°。在另一个实施方案中,多于两根纤维(F)例如三根或四根纤维(F)以角度β引入。这三根或四根纤维(F)对于两根相邻的纤维可分别具有两个不同的角度β(β1和β2)。优选地,所有的纤维(F)对于两根相邻的纤维(F)具有相同的角度β=β1=β2。例如角度β为90°,在此情况下,第一纤维(F1)与第二纤维(F2)之间的角度β1为90°,第二纤维(F2)与第三纤维(F3)之间的角度β2为90°,第三纤维与第四纤维(F4)之间的角度β3为90°,且第四纤维(F4)与第一纤维(F1)之间的角度β4同样为90°。由此以顺时针方向,第一纤维(F1)(参照)与第二纤维(F2)、第三纤维(F3)和第四纤维(F4)之间的角度β为90°、180°和270°。类似的考虑适用于其他可能的角度。
于是第一纤维(F1)具有第一方向,并且以相对于第一纤维(F1)呈角度β而布置的第二纤维(F2)具有第二方向。优选地,在第一方向和第二方向上存在相似数量的纤维。在本发明上下文中“相似”应理解为意指,相对于其他方向的每个方向上的纤维数量之间的差值为<30%
、更优选<10%且特别优选<2%。
纤维或纤维束可以不规则或规则图案引入。优选以规则图案引入纤维或纤维束。在本发明的上下文中,“规则图案”应理解为意指所有的纤维彼此平行排列,并且至少一根纤维或纤维束与所有直接相邻的纤维或纤维束具有相同的距离(a)。特别优选地,所有的纤维或纤维束与所有直接相邻的纤维或纤维束具有相同的距离。
在另一优选的实施方案中,引入纤维或纤维束,使得它们基于正交坐标系(其中厚度方向(d)对应于z方向),每个在x方向上距离彼此具有相同的距离(ax)且在y方向上具有相同的距离(ay)。特别优选地,它们在x方向和y方向上具有相同的距离(a),其中a=ax=ay。
当两根或多根纤维(F)相对彼此呈角度β时,彼此平行的第一纤维(F1)优选具有以第一距离(a1)的规则图案,并且彼此平行且与第一纤维(F1)呈角度β的第二纤维(F2)优选具有以第二距离(a2)的规则图案。在一个优选的实施方案中,第一纤维(F1)和第二纤维(F2)分别具有以距离(a)的规则图案。在此情况下,a=a1=a2。
在纤维或纤维束以彼此呈角度β引入到反应性泡沫时,纤维或纤维束优选在各个方向上符合规则图案。
在本发明模制品的一个优选实施方案中,
i)模制品的至少一侧的表面具有至少一个凹部,优选地,该凹部是槽或孔,且更优选地,在进行模塑发泡方法的步骤IV)之后,在模制品的至少一侧的表面上产生至少一个凹部,和/或
ii)模制品的总的表面积的大于30%,优选大于50%,更优选大于80%,特别是大于95%被封闭。
图1以透视图示出,由反应性泡沫(1)制成的本发明的模制品的一个优选实施方案的示意图。(2)表示模制品的第一侧的(表面),且(3)表示相应模制品的第二侧。从图1还可以明显看出,模制品的第一侧(2)与该模制品的第二侧(3)相对。纤维(F)由(4)表示。该纤维的一端(4a),由此纤维区域(FB1)从模制品的第一侧(2)伸出,而构成纤维区域(FB3)的纤维的另一端(4b)从模制品的第二侧(3)伸出。中间的纤维区域(FB2)被布置于模制品内,并因此被反应性泡沫包围。
在图1中,将纤维(4)(例如为单根纤维或纤维束,优选纤维束)以相对于模制品的厚度方向(d)或相对于模制品的第一侧(2)(的表面)的垂直方向呈角度α来布置。角度α为10°至70°、优选为30°至60°、尤其优选为30°至50°、非常特别为30°至45°、尤其是45°。为了清楚起见,图1仅示出了单根纤维(F)。
图3以示例的方式示出了一些不同角度的示意图。图3所示的由反应性泡沫(1)制成的模制品包括第一纤维(41)和第二纤维(42)。在图3中,为了更清楚,仅示出了两根纤维(41)和(42)从模制品的第一侧(2)伸出的纤维区域(FB1)。第一纤维(41)相对于模制品的第一侧(2)的表面的垂直方向(O)形成了第一角度α(α1)。第二纤维(42)相对于第一侧(2)的表面的垂直方向(O)形成了第二角度α(α2)。第一纤维(41)在模制品的第一侧(2)上的正交投影(41p)与第二纤维(42)在模制品的第一侧(2)上的正交投影(42p)形成了角度β。
存在于模制品中的反应性泡沫通过模塑发泡方法制备。
模塑发泡方法本身为本领域技术人员所知晓。所述模塑发泡方法优选包括以下步骤I)至IV)。
I)提供包含至少一种第一组分(K1)和至少一种第二组分(K2)的反应混合物,其中第一组分(K1)和第二组分(K2)相互反应,
II)将步骤I)中提供的反应混合物注入成型模具中,
III)使反应混合物在成型模具中膨胀以得到膨胀泡沫并且
IV)使步骤III)中获得的膨胀泡沫从成型模具中脱模以得到反应性泡沫。
适合作为在步骤I)所提供的反应混合物中存在的第一组分(K1)和第二组分(K2)为能够发生相互反应的所有的第一组分(K1)和第二组分(K2)。这些组分本身是本领域技术人员已知的。
适合作为第一组分(K1)的为例如异氰酸酯。异氰酸酯本身是本领域技术人员已知的。在本发明上下文中,异氰酸酯应理解为意指所有脂族、脂环族和芳族二异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯。优选芳族二异氰酸酯和/或多异氰酸酯。尤其优选甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、聚合的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(PMDI)及其混合物作为第一组分(K1)。特别优选二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和聚合的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(PMDI)的混合物作为第一组分(K1)。
在将异氰酸酯作为第一组分(K1)时,它们可被脲二酮、氨基甲酸酯、异氰脲酸酯、碳二亚胺、脲基甲酸酯和/或氨基甲酸酯基团完全或部分地改性。优选它们被氨基甲酸酯基团改性。这些异氰酸酯本身是本领域技术人员已知的。
预聚物以及上述异氰酸酯和预聚物的混合物也适合作为异氰酸酯。所述预聚物由上述异氰酸酯和下文描述的聚醚、聚酯或其混合物制备。
适合作为第一组分(K1)的异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯指数为100至400,尤其优选100至300,特别优选100至200。
在本发明的上下文中,异氰酸酯指数应理解为异氰酸酯基团与异氰酸酯反应性基团之化学计量比乘以100。异氰酸酯反应性基团应理解为意指存在于反应混合物中(任选包括化学发泡剂)及具有环氧基的化合物中的全部异氰酸酯反应性基团,而不是异氰酸酯本身。
作为第二组分(K2),优选使用至少一种具有异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物。这类化合物是本领域技术人员已知的。
可用作异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物为例如所有的具有至少两个异氰酸酯反应性基团(例如OH-、SH-、NH-和/或CH-叠氮基团)的化合物。
优选作为第二组分(K2)的是具有异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物,选自聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇和聚胺,其中至少一种具有异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物的官能度为2至8,并且其中当第二组分(K2)选自聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇时,所述至少一种具有异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物的平均羟基数为12至1200mg KOH/g。
聚醚多元醇本身是本领域技术人员已知的并且可以通过已知方法制备,例如通过在催化剂存在下,加入至少一种优选包含2至6个以键合形式的活性氢原子的起始分子,由环氧烷烃的阴离子聚合制备。可用作催化剂的是碱金属氢氧化物例如氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾,或碱金属醇盐例如甲醇钠、乙醇钠或乙醇钾或异丙醇钾。在阳离子聚合的情况下,所用的催化剂是例如路易斯酸,例如五氯化铵、三氟化硼醚合物或漂白土(Fuller’s earth)。双金属氰化物化合物(所谓的DMC催化剂)和胺基催化剂也可用作催化剂。
将一种或多种在亚烷基部分中具有2至4个碳原子的化合物用作环氧烷烃是优选的,例如环氧乙烷、四氢呋喃、1,2-环氧丙烷、1,3-环氧丙烷、1,2-环氧丁烷、2,3-环氧丁烷及其混合物。优选使用环氧乙烷和/或1,2-环氧丙烷。
可想到的起始分子包括例如乙二醇、二乙二醇、丙二醇、二丙二醇、丙三醇、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、糖衍生物如蔗糖、己糖醇衍生物如山梨糖醇、甲胺、乙胺、异丙胺、丁胺、苄胺、苯胺、甲苯胺、甲苯二胺、萘胺、乙二胺、二亚乙基三胺、4,4'-亚甲基二苯胺、1,3-丙二胺、1,6-己二胺、乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺和本领域技术人员已知的其它二价或多元醇或一价或多价胺。
合适的聚酯多元醇包括本领域技术人员已知的所有聚酯多元醇。合适的聚酯多元醇可以例如通过具有2至12个碳原子的多官能醇与具有2至12个碳原子的多官能羧酸的缩合来制备,所述多官能醇为例如乙二醇、二乙二醇、丁二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、丙三醇或季戊四醇;所述多官能羧酸为例如琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十二烷二羧酸、马来酸、富马酸、邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸、萘二甲酸的异构体、所述酸的酸酐及其混合物。优选使用芳族二酸如邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸和/或对苯二甲酸及其酸酐作为酸组分,并且使用乙二醇、二乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇和/或丙三醇作为醇组分。
此外,还可用于制备聚酯多元醇中替代多官能羧酸的是相应的单体酯,例如对苯二甲酸二甲酯或聚酯,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯。
合适的聚胺包括本领域技术人员已知的所有聚胺。合适的聚胺包括脂族聚胺和芳族聚胺。优选脂族聚胺,其在本发明的上下文中也称为聚亚烷基聚胺。
在本发明上下文中,术语“聚亚烷基聚胺”应理解为意指包含至少3个氨基(一级、二级或三级)的脂族胺。
特别优选聚亚烷基聚胺是聚亚乙基亚胺。在本发明上下文中“聚亚乙基亚胺”应理解为意指包含-CH2-CH2-NH-部分且包含至少3个氨基的低聚物、还有其均聚物和共聚物。
第一组分(K1)和第二组分(K2)可以相互反应。这些反应本身是本领域技术人员已知的。
第一组分(K1)与第二组分(K2)的反应生成例如聚氨酯、聚异氰脲酸酯或聚脲,优选生成多异氰酸酯或聚氨酯,且最优选生成聚氨酯。这些反应是本领域技术人员已知的
例如在将异氰酸酯用作第一组分(K1)并且聚醚多元醇用作第二组分(K2)时,生成聚氨酯。在将异氰酸酯用作第一组分(K1)并且聚酯多元醇用作第二组分(K2)时,生成聚异氰脲酸酯。聚脲由异氰酸酯作为第一组分(K1)且聚胺作为第二组分(K2)的反应生成。
应理解,聚氨酯还可包含例如异氰脲酸酯单元、脲基甲酸酯单元、脲单元、碳二亚胺单元、缩二脲单元、脲酮亚胺单元和任选地,在异氰酸酯作为第一组分(K1)的加成反应过程中生成的其他单元。因此,聚异氰脲酸酯还可包含例如氨基甲酸酯单元、脲基甲酸酯单元、脲单元、碳二亚胺单元、缩二脲单元、脲酮亚胺单元和任选地,在异氰酸酯作为第一组分(K1)的加成反应过程中生成的其他单元。同样地,聚脲也可包含例如异氰脲酸酯单元、脲基甲酸酯单元、氨基甲酸酯单元、碳二亚胺单元、缩二脲单元、脲酮亚胺单元和任选地,在异氰酸酯作为第一组分(K1)的加成反应过程中生成的其他单元。
在步骤I)中提供的反应混合物可通过本领域技术人员已知的任何方法完成。
为了提供反应混合物,通常将存在于反应混合物中的第一组分(K1)和第二组分(K2)和其他组分和/或催化剂和/或其他添加剂混合。例如15℃至130℃、优选15℃至90℃、特别优选25℃至55℃温度下,进行混合。
混合可以通过本领域技术人员已知的任何方法进行,例如使用搅拌器或桨式螺杆机械地进行,或在高压下在逆流注入方法中进行。
步骤I)中提供的反应混合物还可另外包含其他组分。其他组分为例如物理和/或化学发泡剂。
在本发明的上下文中,化学发泡剂应理解为意指这样的发泡剂,其最初以固体或液体形式存在于反应性混合物中,然后通过化学反应与组分(K1)和/或(K2)反应,并且任选地,与存在于在反应混合物中的另外的组分反应以生成气态产物,然后该气态产物将用作实际的发泡剂。
在本发明的上下文中,物理发泡剂应理解为意指,任选地在压力下溶解或乳化于反应混合物中,并且在反应混合物的聚合条件下汽化的发泡剂。
合适的化学和物理发泡剂本身是本领域技术人员已知的。
化学发泡剂包括例如水和羧酸,特别是甲酸。
物理发泡剂包括例如烃类,特别是(环)脂族烃类,卤代烃类(例如全氟化烷烃类五氟己烷、氟氯烃类),醚酯酮类和缩醛类,以及在加热时释放氮的无机和有机化合物。同样可使用的是所述物理发泡剂的混合物,例如具有4-8个碳原子的(环)脂族烃类的混合物,或氟代烃类(例如1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷(HFC 245fa)、三氟甲烷、二氟甲烷、1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷(HFC 365mfc)、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷、二氟乙烷和七氟丙烷)的混合物。也可能是物理发泡剂与化学发泡剂的组合物。
优选具有4-8个碳原子的(环)脂族烃类为例如正戊烷、异戊烷和环戊烷。
优选在反应混合物的发泡剂选自正戊烷、异戊烷、环戊烷、1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷、1,1,1,3,3-五氟丙烷、1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷、水、甲酸和氢氟烯烃(例如1,1,1,4,4,4六氟-2-丁烯和1-氯-3,3,3-三氟丙烯)的条件下。
可以进一步优选在发泡剂包含水的条件下,且特别优选在发泡剂由水组成的条件下。
此外,反应混合物可包含催化剂。可用的催化剂包括使第一组分(K1)与第二组分(K2)的反应加速的所有化合物。这些化合物是已知的并且记载于例如“Kunststoffhandbuch第7卷,Polyurethane,Karl Hanser Verlag,第3版1993,第3.4.1章”中。
步骤I)中提供的反应混合物还可以包含其他的添加剂。这些添加剂本身是本领域技术人员已知的。添加剂为例如稳定剂、界面活性物质、阻燃剂和增链剂。
稳定剂也可称作泡沫稳定剂。在本发明的上下文中,稳定剂应理解为意指在泡沫形成过程中促进均一的孔结构形成的物质。合适的稳定剂为例如含硅氧烷的泡沫稳定剂如硅氧烷-氧化烯(siloxane-oxyalkylene)混合的共聚物和其它有机聚硅氧烷,还有以下物质的烷基化产物:脂肪醇、羰基合成醇、脂肪胺、烷基酚、二烷基酚、烷基甲酚、烷基间苯二酚、萘酚、烷基萘酚、萘胺、苯胺、烷基苯胺、甲苯胺、双酚A、烷基化双酚A、聚乙烯醇;还有以下物质的缩合产物的烷氧基化产物:甲醛和烷基酚、甲醛和二烷基酚、甲醛和烷基甲酚、甲醛和烷基间苯二酚、甲醛和苯胺、甲醛和甲苯胺、甲醛和萘酚、甲醛和烷基萘酚及甲醛和双酚A;以及这些泡沫稳定剂中的两种以上的混合物。
界面活性物质也称作表面活性物质。界面活性物质应理解为意指用于促进起始材料均匀化并且还适合于调节塑料的泡孔结构的化合物。这些包括例如乳化剂,例如蓖麻油硫酸盐或脂肪酸的钠盐;和脂肪酸与胺的盐,例如二乙胺油酸盐、二乙醇胺硬脂酸盐、二乙醇胺蓖麻酸盐;磺酸的盐,例如十二烷基苯或二萘基甲烷二磺酸的碱金属盐或铵盐,以及蓖麻油酸的碱金属盐或铵盐。
可用的阻燃剂是例如有机磷酸酯和/或膦酸酯。优选使用对异氰酸酯基团不具有反应性的化合物。含氯的磷酸酯也包括在优选的化合物中。合适的阻燃剂为例如磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯、磷酸三乙酯、磷酸二苯基甲苯酯、乙烷次膦酸二乙酯、磷酸三甲苯酯、磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯、磷酸三(1,3-二氯丙基)酯、磷酸三(2,3-二溴丙基)酯、二磷酸四(2-氯乙基)亚乙酯、甲基膦酸二甲酯、二乙醇胺甲基膦酸二乙酯以及市售的卤代阻燃多元醇。
也可以使用例如含溴的阻燃剂。优选使用的含溴阻燃剂是对异氰酸酯基团呈反应性的化合物。这些化合物是,例如,四溴邻苯二甲酸与脂族二醇的酯,和二溴丁烯二醇的烷氧基化产物。也可以使用由溴化的含OH的新戊基化合物衍生的化合物。
除了上述卤素取代的磷酸酯之外,还可用于制备多异氰酸酯加聚产物的阻燃剂是例如无机或有机阻燃剂,例如红磷,氧化铝水合物,三氧化锑,氧化砷,多磷酸铵和硫酸钙,可膨胀石墨或氰尿酸衍生物例如三聚氰胺,或两种阻燃剂例如多磷酸铵和三聚氰胺的混合物,以及任选的玉米淀粉或多磷酸铵,三聚氰胺和可膨胀石墨和/或任选的芳族聚酯。
增链剂应理解为意指双官能化合物。这些化合物本身是本领域技术人员已知的。合适的增链剂是例如具有2至14个、优选2至10个碳原子的脂族、脂环族和/或芳族二醇,例如乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,2-戊二醇、1,3-戊二醇、1,10-癸二醇、1,2-二羟基环己烷、1,3-二羟基环己烷、1,4-二羟基环己烷、二乙二醇、三乙二醇、二丙二醇、三丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇和双(2-羟乙基)氢醌。
在步骤II)中,将步骤I)中提供的反应混合物注入成型模具中。其方法是本领域技术人员已知的。将反应混合物注入到成型模具中优选以不连续的方式进行。
反应混合物的注入可在例如升高压力的条件下进行。
在步骤II)期间,反应混合物的转化率,基于异氰酸酯基团计,优选小于90%。
被测得的在步骤II)中注入成型模具中的反应混合物的量,使得步骤IV)中获得的反应性泡沫具有所需的总密度和泡沫结构。当反应性泡沫是整体泡沫时,优选填充度在1.05至4的范围内,优选在1.1至3的范围内。
填充程度是由模塑发泡方法制备的反应性泡沫的最终密度与自由发泡的反应性泡沫的密度之比。
成型模具可包括载体和/或分离层。这种载体和/或分离层是本领域技术人员已知的。载体和/或分离层优选为层(S2)。下文描述的对于层(S2)的解释和优选也适用于该载体和/或分离层。
在步骤III)中,对反应混合物进行膨胀。反应混合物的膨胀通过第一组分(K1)与第二组分(K2)的反应来实现。这些反应是本领域技术人员已知的。通过反应混合物中任选存在的化学和/或物理发泡剂也可促进膨胀。
反应混合物的膨胀可以例如通过在反应混合物中任选存在的催化剂来引发。
在反应混合物膨胀期间,使反应混合物膨胀直到所得的膨胀泡沫完全占据成型模具。当成型模具包含有载体和/或分离层时,将膨胀的泡沫结合于其上。
在步骤III)期间的成型模具的温度通常为20℃至200℃,优选30℃至140℃,特别优选为30℃至80℃。优选在模塑发泡方法的所有步骤I)至IV)中,成型模具的温度为20℃至200℃、优选30℃至140℃、特别优选30℃至80℃的条件下。
在步骤IV)中,使步骤III)中得到的膨胀泡沫从成型模具中脱模以得到反应性泡沫。
用于使步骤III)中得到的膨胀泡沫脱模的方法是本领就技术人员已知的。
优选在用于制备反应性泡沫的模塑发泡方法以一步法进行的条件下,特别优选使用低压技术或高压技术。这通常采用封闭的和任选加热的成型模具。对于聚氨酯,一步法例如由Piechota和在“lntegralschaumstoff”,Carl-Hanser-Verlag,Munich,Vienna,1975中或在“Kunststoff-handbuch”,第7卷,“Polyurethane”,第3版,1993,第7章中描述。
一步法本身是本领就技术人员已知的。
在一步法中,步骤I)和II)直接依次进行或同时进行。一步法通常包括在注入成型模具期间,将存在于反应性混合物中的第一组分(K1)和第二组分(K2)及任选地其它组分、催化剂和的其它添加剂例如在静态或动态混合器中彼此混合。
可在步骤IV)之后,将所得的反应性泡沫任选地进行材料去除处理或热处理。其方法本身是本领域技术人员已知的。优选在步骤IV)的脱模之后,不进行材料去除处理或热处理的条件下。
基于正交坐标系,将由此获得的反应性泡沫的长度称作x方向,宽度称作y方向,厚度称作z方向。
根据本发明的反应性泡沫可具有任何所需的尺寸。
根据本发明制备的反应性泡沫的厚度(z方向)通常为4至200mm、优选5至60mm,长度(x方向)为至少200mm,优选为至少400mm,且宽度(y方向)为至少200mm、优选为至少400mm。
反应性泡沫的长度(x方向)通常不大于4000mm、优选不大于2500mm,和/或宽度(y方向)不大于4000mm、优选不大于2500mm。
反应性泡沫优选基于聚氨酯,聚脲或聚异氰脲酸酯。反应性泡沫特别优选基于聚氨酯。
当反应性泡沫基于聚氨酯、聚脲或聚异氰脲酸酯时,应理解为意指在本发明的上下文中,反应性泡沫不仅可包含聚氨酯、聚脲或聚异氰脲酸酯,还可包含其它聚合物,例如作为聚氨酯、聚脲或聚异氰脲酸酯和另外的聚合物的共混物。制备这些共混物的方法是本领域技术人员已知的。
当反应性泡沫基于聚氨酯时,还优选涉及聚氨酯泡沫,尤其是半硬质聚氨酯泡沫、柔性聚氨酯泡沫或硬质聚氨酯泡沫。
此外,可以优选基于聚氨酯、聚脲或聚异氰脲酸酯的反应性泡沫,其在每一种情况都是由包括上述步骤I)至IV)的模塑发泡方法制得,并且其中在步骤I)提供的反应混合物中包含作为第一组分(K1)的至少一种多异氰酸酯和作为第二组分(K2)的至少一种具有异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物以及作为其他组分的至少一种发泡剂。
最优选在反应性泡沫为基于聚氨酯的条件下,所述聚氨酯由包括上述步骤I)至IV)的模塑发泡方法制得,并且其中第一组分(K1)选自二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和聚合的二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,且第二组分(K2)为至少一种具有异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物,其选自聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇和聚胺,其中所述至少一种具有异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物的官能度为2至8,并且其中当第二组分(K2)选自聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇时,至少一种具有异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物的平均羟基数为12至1200mg KOH/g,以及所述反应混合物包含含有至少一种含水的发泡剂的其他组分。
上述对于第一组分(K1)和第二组分(K2)的说明和优选也相应地适用于在步骤I)中所提供的反应混合物中存在的第一组分(K1)和第二组分(K2)。
通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定,反应性泡沫的玻璃化转变温度通常为至少80℃,优选至少110℃且特别优选至少130℃。通过差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定,反应性泡沫的玻璃化转变温度通常不高于400℃,优选不高于300℃,尤其是不高于200℃。
本发明还提供了一种面板,其包含至少一个本发明的模制品和至少一层(S1)。在本领域的专家中,“面板”也可称为“夹层”、“夹层材料”、“层压材料”和/或“复合制品”。
在面板的一个优选实施方案中,面板具有两层(S1),并且所述两层(S1)各自安装在与该模制品的相应另一侧相对的模制品的一侧上。
在本发明面板的一个实施方案中,层(S1)包含至少一种树脂,优选地,该树脂为反应性热固性或热塑性树脂;更优选地,该树脂基于环氧化物、丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯、聚酰胺、聚酯、不饱和聚酯、乙烯基酯或它们的混合物;且特别地,该树脂是胺固化的环氧树脂、潜在固化的环氧树脂、酸酐固化的环氧树脂或由异氰酸酯和多元醇形成的聚氨酯。这种树脂体系是本领域技术人员已知的,例如已知于Penczek等人(Advances in Polymer Science,184,第1-95页,2005),Pham等人(Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry,第13卷,2012),Fahnler(Polyamide,Kunststoff Handbuch 3/4,1998)和Younes(WO12134878A2)。
根据本发明还优选以下面板,其中
i)纤维(F)的纤维区域(FB1)与第一层(S1)部分或完全接触,优选完全接触,和/或
ii)纤维(F)的纤维区域(FB3)与第二层(S1)部分或完全接触,优选完全接触,和/或
iii)所述面板在模制品的至少一侧与至少一层(S1)之间具有至少一层(S2),该层(S2)优选由片状纤维材料或聚合物膜构成,尤其优选由多孔片状纤维材料或多孔聚合物膜构成,特别优选由以非织造织物、非卷曲纤维或织物形式的纸、玻璃纤维或碳纤维组成。
孔隙率应理解为意指空腔体积(孔体积)与反应性泡沫的总体积之比(无量纲)。例如、通过显微照片的图像分析评估、以空腔/孔体积除以总体积来确定。物质的总孔隙率由彼此连通的空腔和与环境相通的空腔(敞开孔隙率)及彼此不连通的空腔(封闭孔隙率)之和构成。优选所述层(S2)具有高的敞开孔隙率。
在面板的另一个本发明实施方案中,所述至少一层(S1)另外包含至少一种纤维材料,其中
i)所述纤维材料包含以下形式的纤维:一层或多层短切纤维、非织造织物、非卷曲织物、针织物和/或织物的形式,优选非卷曲织物或织物的形式,尤其优选以非卷曲织物/织物基重为150至2500g/m2的非卷曲织物或织物的形式,和/或
ii)所述纤维材料包含有机纤维、无机纤维、金属纤维或陶瓷纤维,优选聚合纤维、玄武岩纤维、玻璃纤维、碳纤维或天然纤维,尤其优选玻璃纤维或碳纤维。
上述说明适用于天然纤维和聚合纤维。
另外包含至少一种纤维材料的层(S1)也称为纤维增强层、如果层(S1)包含树脂、则特别称为纤维增强树脂层。
图2示出了本发明的另一个优选实施方案。示出了本发明面板(7)的二维侧视图、其包含如上所述的例如在图1的实施方案的上下文中的本发明的模制品(1)。除非另有说明,关于其他缩写,图1和图2中的附图标记具有相同的含义。
在图2的实施方案中,本发明的面板包括由(5)和(6)表示的两层(S1)。这两层(5)和(6)因此分别位于模制品(1)相对的侧面。这两层(5)和(6)优选为树脂层或纤维增强树脂层。从图2还可以明显看出、纤维(4)的两端被相应的层(5)和(6)包围。
任选地,在模制品(1)和第一层(5)之间和/或在模制品(1)和第二层(6)之间也可以存在一个或多个其他的层。如上面对于图1所述,为了简单起见、图2也仅示出单根纤维(F)(数字(4))。实际上,关于纤维或纤维束的数量,类似地也适用以上对于图1所述的那些。
另外优选满足以下至少一个替代方案的面板:
i)存在于面板中的模制品包括至少一个未进行机械和/或热处理的侧面,和/或
ii)存在于面板中的模制品具有至少一个层(S2),在包括步骤I)至V)的模塑发泡方法的步骤II)中,将其施用于反应性泡沫作为载体膜,和/或
iii)至少一层(S1)包含树脂并且模制品的反应性泡沫具有小于1000g/m2、优选小于500g/m2、尤其优选小于100g/m2的树脂吸收,和/或
iv)面板的剥离强度为大于200J/m2、优选大于500J/m2、特别优选大于2000J/m2,和/或
v)存在于面板中的模制品的反应性泡沫具有以平行于至少一层(S1)而测得的特定剪切强度在2至25kPa/(kg/m3)范围内,优选在3至15kPa/(kg/m3)范围内,尤其优选在4至12kPa/(kg/m3)范围内,和/或
vi)存在于面板中的模制品的反应性泡沫具有以平行于至少一层(S1)而测得的剪切模量在0.05至0.6MPa/(kg/m3)范围内,优选在0.05至0.5MPa/(kg/m3)范围内,尤其优选在0.05至0.2MPa/(kg/m3)范围内,和/或
vii)存在于面板中的模制品具有以平行于至少一层(S1)而测得的特定剪切强度在为至少5kPa/(kg/m3),优选至少8kPa/(kg/m3),特别优选至少12kPa/(kg/m3),和/或
viii)存在于面板中的模制品具有以平行于至少一个层(S1)而测得的剪切模量为至少0.2MPa/(kg/m3),优选至少0.6MPa/(kg/m3),特别优选至少1.0MPa/(kg/m3)。
根据DIN 53294(1982版)的定特定剪切强度和剪切模量,根据ISO 845(2007版)测定密度。
根据备选方案vi)的模制品的剪切模量涉及在不包括至少一个层(S1)条件下的模制品的拉伸模量。仅以平行于面板中施加有至少一个层(S1)的这一侧进行测量。
面板的剥离强度使用单悬梁臂(single cantilever beam,SCB)样品来测定。模制品的厚度为20mm;所述层(S1)各自由厚度为约2mm准各向同性的玻璃纤维增强的环氧树脂层组成。然后将所述面板在Zwick Z050拉伸测试仪中在5mm/min的速度下进行测试,向面板施加负载并移除负载3至4次。通过视觉评估测定在每个负载周期(Δa)中裂纹的扩展/生长。使用力-距图来确定裂纹扩展能量(ΔU)。这用于确定如下定义的抗裂性或剥离强度,
其中B为样品宽度。
不仅使用树脂体系、反应性泡沫和玻璃非卷曲纤维,还使用以下辅助材料:尼龙真空膜、真空密封带、尼龙助流剂、聚烯烃分离膜、聚酯分离织物和PTFE隔膜薄膜及聚酯吸收绒毛,来测定树脂吸收。由模制品通过真空灌注方式施加纤维增强的外板层来制造面板,在下文中也称作夹层材料。将两板层Quadrax玻璃非卷曲纤维(粗纱:E玻璃SE1500,OCV;织物:Saertex,每种情况下具有1200g/m2的各向同性层压材料[0°/-45°/90°45°])分别施加到(纤维增强的)泡沫的上侧和下侧。为了确定树脂吸收,与标准的面板制造不同,在模制品(下文中也称作芯材料)和玻璃非卷曲纤维之间插入分离膜。由此可确定纯模制品的树脂吸收。将分离织物和助流剂粘附在玻璃非卷曲纤维的任一侧。随后,使该结构配备有用于树脂体系的开口和用于排空的开口。最后,在整个结构上施加真空膜并用密封带密封,并且将整个结构排空。该结构在带有玻璃表面的电加热的桌子上制造。
所用的树脂体系是胺-固化的环氧化物(树脂:BASF Baxxores 5400,固化剂:BASFBaxxodur 5440,根据数据表中的混合比和进一步加工)。在两种组分混合之后,将树脂降低至20mbar下抽真空10分钟。在23+/-2℃的树脂温度下,对预加热控制的结构进行灌注(桌子温度:35℃)。通过随后以0.3K/min的温度梯度从35℃上升至75℃,并在75℃下恒温固化6h,可以制造由反应性泡沫和玻璃纤维增强的外板层组成的面板。
开始时,根据ISO 845(2009年10月版)分析模制品,以获得模制品的表观密度。在树脂体系固化之后,将加工后的面板进行修整以消除边缘区域中由于不完全相配的真空膜而积聚的多余的树脂。
随后,除去外板层,并通过ISO 845再次分析目前的模制品。密度差给出了绝对树脂吸收。由与模制品厚度的乘积得到相应的以kg/m2计的树脂吸收。
本发明还提供了一种用于制备本发明的模制品的方法,其中至少一根纤维(F)被部分地引入到反应性泡沫中,由此将纤维(F)以纤维区域(FB2)布置于模制品中并被反应性包围,而纤维(F)的纤维区域(FB1)从模制品的第一侧伸出,且纤维(F)的纤维区域(FB3)从模制品的第二侧伸出
原则上引入纤维(F)和/或纤维束的合适的方法是本领域技术人员已知的所有方法。合适的方法记载于,例如WO 2006/125561或WO 2011/012587中。
在本发明方法的一个实施方案中,使用针通过缝制将至少一根纤维(F)部分地引入到反应性泡沫中,优选通过步骤a)至f)进行部分引入:
a)任选地将至少一层(S2)施加到反应性泡沫至少一侧上,
b)每根纤维(F)在反应性泡沫中和任选地在层(S2)中产生一个孔,其中所述孔从反应性泡沫的第一侧延伸到第二侧,并任选地穿过层(S2),
c)在反应性泡沫第二侧上提供至少一根纤维(F),
d)将针从反应性泡沫的第一侧穿过孔至反应性泡沫的第二侧,并且任选地使针穿过层(S2),
e)在反应性泡沫的第二侧上,将至少一根纤维(F)固定在针上,以及
f)将针包括纤维(F)一起通过孔返回,使得纤维(F)以纤维区域(FB2)布置于模制品中并被反应性泡沫包围,而纤维(F)的纤维区域(FB1)从模制品的第一侧或任选地从层(S2)伸出,且纤维(F)的纤维区域(FB3)从模制品的第二侧伸出,
尤其优选同时进行步骤b)和d)。
在步骤a)中施加至少一层(S2)可,例如,在如上所述的模塑发泡方法的步骤II)期间进行。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,同时进行步骤b)和d)。在该实施方案中,通过将针从反应性泡沫的第一侧穿过至反应性泡沫的第二侧产生从反应性泡沫的第一侧至第二侧的孔。
在该实施方案中,至少一根纤维(F)的引入可包括例如以下步骤:
a)任选地将至少一层(S2)施加到反应性泡沫至少一侧上,
b)在反应性泡沫第二侧上提供至少一根纤维(F),
c)每根纤维(F)在反应性泡沫中和任选地在层(S2)中产生一个孔,其中所述孔从反应性泡沫的第一侧延伸到第二侧并任选地穿过层(S2),并且其中孔通过将针穿过反应性泡沫且任选地穿过层(S2)来产生,
d)在反应性泡沫的第二侧上,将至少一根纤维(F)固定在针上,
e)将针包括纤维(F)一起通过孔返回,使得纤维(F)以纤维区域(FB2)布置于模制品中并被反应性泡沫包围,而纤维(F)的纤维区域(FB1)从模制品的第一侧或任选地从层(S2)伸出,且纤维区域(FB3)从模制品的第二侧伸出,
f)任选地切断第二侧上的纤维(F),以及
g)任选地切开在针上形成的纤维(F)环。
在一个优选的实施方案中,所用的针是钩针,并且在步骤d)中将至少一根纤维钩在钩针中。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,根据上述步骤,将多根纤维(F)同时引入到反应性泡沫中。
在本发明的方法中,还优选在引入至少一根纤维(F)之前,将模制品的凹部部分得或全部地引入到反应性泡沫中。
本发明还提供了一种用于制造本发明面板的方法,其中优选通过液体浸渍方法、更优选通过压力-或真空辅助的浸渍法、特别优选通过真空灌注法或压力辅助的注入法、最优选通过真空灌注法在本发明的模制品上制造、施加且固化反应性粘性树脂形式的至少一层(S1)。液体浸渍方法本身是本领域技术人员已知的,并详细记载在例如WileyEncyclopedia of Composites(第二版,Wiley,2012),Parnas等人(Liquid CompositeMoulding,Hanser,2000)和Williams等人(Composites Part A,27,第517-524页,1997)。
可以使用各种辅助材料来制造本发明的面板。适用于通过真空灌注来制造的辅助材料是,例如,真空膜,优选由尼龙制得;真空密封带;助流剂,优选由尼龙制得;分离膜,优选由聚烯烃制成;分离织物(tearoff fabric),优选由聚酯制得;及半透膜,优选隔膜薄膜,更优选PTFE隔膜薄膜;以及吸收绒毛(absorption fleece),优选由聚酯制得。合适的辅助材料的选择受待制造的部件、所选择的方法和所用的材料,特别是树脂体系的影响。在使用基于环氧化物和聚氨酯的树脂体系的情况下,优选使用由尼龙制成的助流剂、由聚烯烃制成的分离膜、由聚酯制成的分离织物和以PTFE隔膜薄膜形式的半透膜,以及由聚酯制得的吸收绒毛。
在本发明面板的制造方法中,这些辅助材料可以以各种方式来使用。尤其优选在面板由模制品通过借助真空灌注施加纤维增强的外板层来制造的情形下。在典型的结构中,为了制造本发明的面板,将纤维材料和任选的其他层施加到模制品的上侧和下侧。随后,放置分离织物和分离膜。在液体树脂体系的灌注中,可以使用助流剂和/或隔膜薄膜。特别优选以下变型:
i)仅在结构的一侧使用助流剂,和/或
ii)在结构的两侧均使用助流剂,和/或
iii)具有半透膜的结构(VAP结构);优选将半透膜覆盖在模制品的整个区域上,在模制品的整个区域的一侧或两侧上使用助流剂、分离膜和分离织物,并且借助真空密封带将模制品的表面的半透膜密封,将吸收绒毛嵌入远离模制品的半透膜的一侧,由此空气在整个区域上向上排空,和/或
iv)使用由隔膜薄膜制得的真空袋,其被优选放置在与模制品的开口(gate)一侧相对的位置处,借助真空袋将空气从与开口相对的一侧排空。
随后,使该结构配备用于树脂体系的开口和用于排空的开口。最后,在整个结构上施加真空膜并用密封带密封,并且将整个结构排空。在灌注树脂体系之后,在保持真空的条件下进行树脂体系的反应。
本发明还提供了本发明的模制品或本发明的面板在用于风力涡轮机的转子叶片、交通领域、建筑领域、汽车制造、造船业、轨道车辆构造、集装箱构造、卫生设施和/或航空航天中的用途。
下面将参照实施例阐明本发明。
实施例
实施例1(对比实施例;由不含纤维加强的PU模塑材料制成的模制品)
使用以下组分:
第一组分(K1):
K1-1:二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和聚亚甲基苯基多异氰酸酯的混合物,其具有异氰酸酯指数为130且在25℃下的粘度为200mPa·s。(根据DIN53019)
第二组分(K2):
K2-1:基于蔗糖/丙三醇的聚环氧丙烷,其官能度为4.5,数均分子量Mn为515g/mol,25℃下的粘度为8000mPa·s;
K2-2:聚环氧丙烷,其官能度为2,数均分子量Mn为1000g/mol,25℃下的粘度为150mPa·s;
K2-3:基于季戊四醇的环氧乙烷,其官能度为4,数均分子量Mn为350g/mol,25℃下的粘度为1000mPa·s;
K2-4:基于邻苯二甲酸酐/二乙二醇,其官能度为2,数均分子量Mn为350g/mol,25℃下的粘度为2500mPa·s。(根据DIN 53019)
催化剂:三级脂肪族胺
其他添加剂:
A-1:增链剂:基于丙二醇的重均分子量Mw为134g/mol
A-2:交联剂,基于丙三醇的重均分子量Mw为94g/mol
A-3:稳定剂:用于硬质聚氨酯泡沫的含硅氧烷的稳定剂
其他组分:自来水
a)来自反应性制备的PU模塑泡沫的模制品的制造
由聚氨酯制得的本发明的反应性泡沫的制备是通过在模具中反应混合物的不连续发泡来进行的。为此,首先加入第二组分(K2)和其它添加剂、催化剂和其它组分,称重加入第一组分(K1),并且使用合适的搅拌装置在1800rpm下,在室温下于开放的容器中搅拌该混合物。组分的重量份数记录在表1中。随后将获得的反应混合物引入45℃下合适的温度控制模具中并固化以获得硬质聚氨酯泡沫。然后将获得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫切成所需的形状以进行进一步加工。所获得的模制品的基础几何形状由成型模具预先确定,并且在进一步的说明中更具体地描述。
表1:
组分 | 重量份 |
K2-1 | 31.0 |
K2-2 | 16.0 |
K2-3 | 10.0 |
K2-4 | 28.0 |
A-1 | 10.0 |
A-2 | 3.0 |
A-3 | 2.0 |
催化剂 | 0.75 |
自来水 | 3.0 |
K1-1 | 100.0 |
b)形成面板的模制品的树脂吸收
对于树脂吸收,将制备具有封闭的表面(V1)后和通过刨平进行的表面去除材料处理(V2)后的板材进行直接对比。带槽的板材借助适当的不见模具在模塑发泡方法过程中(V3)制备,或借助圆锯由板材通过去除材料处理来制备(V4)。在这两种情况下,纵向和横向的槽距为30mm。仅在板材的一侧引入槽宽为2mm,槽深为19mm的槽(板厚为20mm)。
为了测定树脂吸收,除了所用的树脂体系、反应性泡沫和玻璃非卷曲纤维以外,还使用以下辅助材料:尼龙真空膜、真空密封带、尼龙流动助剂、聚烯烃隔离膜、聚酯分离织物和PTFE隔膜薄膜和聚酯吸收绒。面板(下文还称作夹层材料)由模制品通过借助真空灌注法施用纤维增强的外板层来制得。将两个外板层Quadrax玻璃非卷曲纤维(粗纱:E glassSE1500,OCV;织物:Saertex,每种情况下具有1200g/m2的各向同性层压材料[0°/-45°/90°45°])分别施用在(纤维增强的)泡沫的上侧和下侧。与标准的面板制造不同,在模制品(下文中也称作芯材料)和玻璃非卷曲纤维之间插入分离膜。由此可确定纯模制品的树脂吸收。将分离织物和助流剂粘附在玻璃非卷曲纤维的任一侧。随后,使该结构配备用于树脂体系的开口和用于排空的开口。最后,在整个结构上施加真空膜并用密封带密封,并且将整个结构排空。该结构在带有玻璃表面的电加热的桌子上制造。
所用的树脂体系是胺-固化的环氧化物(树脂:BASF Baxxores 5400,固化剂:BASFBaxxodur 5440,根据数据表中的混合比且进一步加工)。在两种组分混合之后,将树脂降低至20mbar下抽真空10分钟。在23+/-2℃的树脂温度下,对预加热控制的结构进行灌注(桌子温度:35℃)。通过随后以0.3K/min的温度梯度从35℃上升至75℃,并在75℃下恒温固化6h,可以制造由反应性泡沫和玻璃纤维增强的外板层组成的面板。
最初根据ISO 845(2009年10月版)分析模制品,以获得模制品的表观密度。在树脂体系固化之后,将加工后的面板进行修整以消除边缘区域中由于不完全相配的真空膜而积聚的多余的树脂。
随后,除去外板层,并通过ISO 845再次分析目前的模制品。密度差给出了绝对树脂吸收。然后由与模制品厚度的乘积得到相应的以kg/m2计的树脂吸收。
示出的结果(参见表1)表明在来自近端状态轮廓制造的PU模塑泡沫制得的模制品中,树脂吸收显著降低。因此这导致面板的密度降低。
表1
实施例 | 材料 | 封闭的表面 | 树脂吸收 |
V1 | 加工后直接得到的板材(封闭的表面) | >90% | <0.1kg/m<sup>2</sup> |
V2 | 去除材料表面除去后的板材 | <5% | 0.4kg/m<sup>2</sup> |
V3 | 加工后直接得到的带槽的板材 | >90% | 3.2kg/m<sup>2</sup> |
V4 | 通过去除材料处理的带槽的板材 | <5% | 3.8kg/m<sup>2</sup> |
实施例2(由反应性制备的含有增强的纤维的PU模塑泡沫所制得的模制品)
为了改善剥离强度同时在表面具有低的树脂吸收,重复实施例1的实验,不同之处在于,首先用玻璃纤维(粗纱,S2玻璃,400tex,AGY)部分增强模制品(反应性泡沫)。
玻璃纤维以粗纱的形式以45°的α角在彼此成β角(0°、90°、180°、270°)的四个不同的空间方向引入。在所有的空间方向上引入相同数量的玻璃纤维。玻璃纤维以等距(a)的规则的矩形图案引入。在实验中,所述距离从a=10mm变化至最高达a=20mm。这产生了每平方米约10 000至40 000根纤维粗纱。在两侧,在外板层,额外留下约10mm超出的玻璃纤维,以改进与稍后引入作为外板层的玻璃纤维垫的结合。纤维/纤维粗纱以自动的方式通过组合的缝制/钩针方法引入。首先,使用钩针(直径约0.80mm)从粒状泡沫的第一侧完全穿过第二侧。在第二侧,将粗纱钩入钩针的钩中,然后通过针从第二侧拉出且拉回至反应性泡沫的第一侧。最终,在第二侧切断粗纱并切开在针上形成的粗纱环。钩针因此准备下一次操作。在10mm的距离总计引入40 000个增强的玻璃纤维元件(粗纱)/m2并在ax=ay=20mm的网格中引入10 000个玻璃纤维元件/m2。
随后,如上文实施例1所述,由模制品通过借助真空灌注法施用纤维增强的外板层来制备面板。与实施例1相比,在模制品和玻璃非卷曲纤维之间没有引入隔离膜。
面板的剥离强度使用单悬梁臂(single cantilever beam,SCB)样品来测定。模制品的厚度为20mm;所述层(S1)各自由厚度为约2mm的准各向同性的玻璃纤维增强的环氧树脂层组成。这产生24mm厚的面板。然后将所述面板在Zwick Z050拉伸测试仪中在5mm/min的速度下进行测试,向面板施加应力并移除应力若干次(3至4次)。通过光学装置,测定在每个应力周期(Δa)中裂纹的生长和增加。使用力-距图来确定裂纹扩展能量(ΔU)。这用于确定如下定义的撕裂强度或剥离强度,
其中B为样品宽度。
表2
由表2可以清楚地看出,借助包含反应性制备的PU模塑泡沫的具有整合的纤维的本发明的模制品,可以明显提高面板的剥离强度(B7至B10)。反应性泡沫的纤维增强时剥离强度显著增强,同时表面的树脂吸收几乎相同。特别地,所述强度仅稍微取决于表面粗糙度/预处理,因此能够使得剥离强度和树脂吸收这两个优化目标互不相干。
Claims (61)
1.一种由反应性泡沫制得的模制品,其中将至少一根纤维F以纤维区域FB2布置于模制品中并且被反应性泡沫包围,同时纤维F的纤维区域FB1从模制品的第一侧伸出,以及纤维F的纤维区域FB3从模制品的第二侧伸出,其中反应性泡沫已经通过模塑发泡方法制备,其中将纤维F以相对于模制品的厚度方向d成10°至70°的α角引入到反应性泡沫中,并且其中模制品通过包括步骤a)至f)的方法获得:
a)任选地将至少一层S2施加到反应性泡沫至少一侧上,
b)每根纤维F在反应性泡沫中和任选地在层S2中产生一个孔,其中所述孔从反应性泡沫的第一侧延伸到第二侧,并任选地穿过层S2,
c)在反应性泡沫第二侧上提供至少一根纤维F,
d)将针从反应性泡沫的第一侧穿过孔至反应性泡沫的第二侧,并且任选地使针穿过层S2,
e)在反应性泡沫的第二侧上,将至少一根纤维F固定在针上,以及
f)将针连同纤维F一起通过孔返回,使得纤维F以纤维区域FB2定位于模制品中并被反应性泡沫包围,而纤维F的纤维区域FB1从模制品的第一侧或任选地从层S2伸出,且纤维F的纤维区域FB3从模制品的第二侧伸出,其中模制品的总表面积的大于30%被封闭;
其中,反应性泡沫基于聚氨酯、聚脲或聚异氰脲酸酯;
其中密度从反应性泡沫的芯到其表面增加。
2.根据权利要求1的模制品,其中模塑发泡方法包括以下步骤I)至IV):
I)提供包含至少一种第一组分K1和至少一种第二组分K2的反应混合物,其中第一组分K1和第二组分K2可以相互反应,
II)将步骤I)中提供的反应混合物注入成型模具中,
III)使反应混合物在成型模具中膨胀以得到膨胀泡沫并且
IV)使步骤III)中获得的膨胀泡沫从成型模具中脱模以得到反应性泡沫。
3.根据权利要求1的模制品,其中反应性泡沫基于聚氨酯、聚脲或聚异氰脲酸酯,其在每一种情况都是通过根据权利要求2的模塑发泡方法制备,并且其中在步骤I)中提供的反应混合物包含作为第一组分K1的至少一种多异氰酸酯和作为第二组分K2的至少一种具有异氰酸酯反应性基团的化合物以及作为其他组分的至少一种发泡剂。
4.根据权利要求1或2的模制品,其中反应性泡沫包含泡孔,其中
i)模制品的至少一侧的表面具有至少一个凹部,和/或
ii)模制品的总的表面积的大于30%被封闭,和/或
iii)反应性泡沫的玻璃化转变温度通常为至少80℃。
5.根据权利要求4的模制品,在i)中,凹部为槽或孔。
6.根据权利要求4的模制品,在i)中,在进行权利要求2的步骤IV)之后,在模制品的至少一侧的表面上产生至少一个凹部。
7.根据权利要求4的模制品,在ii)中,模制品的总的表面积的大于50%被封闭。
8.根据权利要求7的模制品,在ii)中,模制品的总的表面积的大于80%被封闭。
9.根据权利要求8的模制品,在ii)中,模制品的总的表面积的大于95%被封闭。
10.根据权利要求4的模制品,在iii)中,反应性泡沫的玻璃化转变温度通常为至少110℃。
11.根据权利要求10的模制品,在iii)中,反应性泡沫的玻璃化转变温度通常为至少130℃。
12.根据权利要求1或2的模制品,其中
i)纤维F是单根纤维或纤维束,和/或
ii)纤维F是有机纤维、无机纤维、金属纤维或陶瓷纤维或其组合,和/或
iii)纤维F以纤维束的形式使用,每束纤维束中的单根纤维数量为至少10根,和/或
iv)纤维区域FB1和纤维区域FB3各自彼此独立地占纤维F总长度的1%至45%,且纤维区域FB2占纤维F总长度的10%至98%,和/或
v)纤维F以相对于模制品的厚度方向d呈30°至60°的角度α引入到反应性泡沫中,和/或
vi)在模制品中,纤维F的纤维区域FB1从中伸出的模制品的第一侧与纤维F的纤维区域FB3从中伸出的模制品的第二侧相对,和/或
vii)模制品包含多根纤维F,和/或包含每m2多于10根纤维F。
13.根据权利要求12的模制品,其中在i)中,纤维F是纤维束。
14.根据权利要求12的模制品,其中在ii)中,纤维F是聚合纤维、玄武岩纤维、玻璃纤维、碳纤维或天然纤维。
15.根据权利要求14的模制品,其中在ii)中,纤维F是选聚芳酰胺纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维或碳纤维。
16.根据权利要求14的模制品,其中在ii)中,聚合纤维是聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚芳酰胺纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚氨酯纤维、聚氯乙烯纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维和/或聚酰胺酰亚胺纤维。
17.根据权利要求14的模制品,其中在ii)中,天然纤维是剑麻纤维、大麻纤维、亚麻纤维、竹纤维、椰子纤维和/或黄麻纤维。
18.根据权利要求12的模制品,其中在iii)中,纤维F以纤维束的形式使用,每束纤维束中的单根纤维数量为100至100000根。
19.根据权利要求18的模制品,其中纤维F以纤维束的形式使用,每束纤维束中的单根纤维数量,在玻璃纤维的情况下为300至10000根且在碳纤维的情况下为1000至50000根。
20.根据权利要求19的模制品,其中纤维F以纤维束的形式使用,每束纤维束中的单根纤维数量,在玻璃纤维的情况下为500至5000根且在碳纤维的情况下为2000至20000根。
21.根据权利要求12的模制品,其中在iv)中,纤维区域FB1和纤维区域FB3各自彼此独立地占纤维F总长度的2%至40%。
22.根据权利要求21的模制品,其中在iv)中,纤维区域FB1和纤维区域FB3各自彼此独立地占纤维F总长度的5%至30%。
23.根据权利要求12的模制品,其中在iv)中,纤维区域FB2占纤维F总长度的20%至96%。
24.根据权利要求23的模制品,其中在iv)中,纤维区域FB2占纤维F总长度的40%至90%。
25.根据权利要求12的模制品,其中在v)中,纤维F以相对于模制品的厚度方向d呈30°至50°的角度α引入到反应性泡沫中。
26.根据权利要求25的模制品,其中在v)中,纤维F以相对于模制品的厚度方向d呈30°至45°的角度α引入到反应性泡沫中。
27.根据权利要求26的模制品,其中在v)中,纤维F以相对于模制品的厚度方向d呈45°的角度α引入到反应性泡沫中。
28.根据权利要求12的模制品,其中在vii)中,模制品包含每m2多于1000根纤维F。
29.根据权利要求28的模制品,其中模制品包含每m2为4000至40000根纤维F。
30.根据权利要求12的模制品,其中在vii)中,模制品包含多根纤维束,和/或包含每m2多于10根纤维束。
31.根据权利要求30的模制品,其中模制品包含每m2多于1000根纤维束。
32.根据权利要求31的模制品,其中模制品包含每m2为4000至40000根纤维束。
33.一种面板,其包含至少一个权利要求1的模制品和至少一层S1。
34.权利要求33的面板,其中所述层S1包含至少一种树脂。
35.根据权利要求34的面板,其中树脂是反应性热固性或热塑性树脂。
36.根据权利要求34的面板,其中树脂基于环氧化物、丙烯酸酯、聚氨酯、聚酰胺、聚酯、不饱和聚酯、乙烯基酯或它们的混合物。
37.根据权利要求36的面板,其中树脂是胺固化的环氧树脂、潜在固化的环氧树脂、酸酐固化的环氧树脂或由异氰酸酯和多元醇形成的聚氨酯。
38.权利要求36的面板,其中所述层S1另外包含至少一种纤维材料,其中
i)所述纤维材料包含以下形式的纤维:一层或多层短切纤维、非织造织物、非卷曲织物、针织物和/或织物的形式,和/或
ii)所述纤维材料包含有机纤维、无机纤维、金属纤维或陶瓷纤维。
39.根据权利要求38的面板,其中在i)中,所述纤维材料包含以非卷曲织物或织物的形式的纤维。
40.根据权利要求39的面板,其中纤维材料包含以非卷曲织物/织物基重为150至2500g/m2的非卷曲织物或织物的形式的纤维。
41.根据权利要求38的面板,其中在ii)中,纤维材料包含聚合纤维、玄武岩纤维、玻璃纤维、碳纤维或天然纤维。
42.根据权利要求41的面板,其中纤维材料包含玻璃纤维或碳纤维。
43.根据权利要求33或34的面板,其中所述面板具有两层S1,且该两层S1各自粘附在与该模制品的相应另一侧相对的模制品的一侧上。
44.根据权利要求33或34的面板,其中
i)纤维F的纤维区域FB1与第一层S1部分或完全接触,和/或
ii)纤维F的纤维区域FB3与第二层S1部分或完全接触,和/或
iii)所述面板在模制品的至少一侧与至少一层S1之间具有至少一层S2。
45.根据权利要求44的面板,其中在i)中,纤维F的纤维区域FB1与第一层S1完全接触。
46.根据权利要求44的面板,其中在ii)中,纤维F的纤维区域FB3与第二层S1完全接触。
47.根据权利要求44的面板,其中在iii)中,所述层S2由片状纤维材料或聚合物膜构成。
48.根据权利要求47的面板,其中所述层S2由多孔片状纤维材料或多孔聚合物膜构成。
49.根据权利要求44的面板,其中所述层S2由以非织造织物、非卷曲纤维或织物形式的纸、玻璃纤维或碳纤维组成。
50.根据权利要求33或34的面板,其中
i)存在于面板中的模制品包括至少一个未进行机械和/或热处理的侧面,和/或
ii)存在于面板中的模制品具有至少一层S2,在根据权利要求2的模塑发泡方法的步骤II)中,将其施用于反应性泡沫作为载体膜。
51.用于制造根据权利要求1至32中任一项的模制品的方法,其包括将至少一根纤维F部分引入到反应性泡沫中,由此将纤维F以纤维区域FB2布置于模制品中并被反应性泡沫包围,同时纤维F的纤维区域FB1从模制品的第一侧伸出,且纤维F的纤维区域FB3从模制品的第二侧伸出。
52.根据权利要求51的方法,其中使用针通过缝制将至少一根纤维F部分地引入到反应性泡沫中。
53.根据权利要求51或52的方法,其中部分地引入通过步骤a)至f)进行:
a)任选地将至少一层S2施加到反应性泡沫至少一侧上,
b)每根纤维F在反应性泡沫中和任选地在层S2中产生一个孔,其中所述孔从反应性泡沫的第一侧延伸到第二侧,并任选地穿过层S2,
c)在反应性泡沫第二侧上提供至少一根纤维F,
d)将针从反应性泡沫的第一侧穿过孔至反应性泡沫的第二侧,并且任选地使针穿过层S2,
e)在反应性泡沫的第二侧上,将至少一根纤维F固定在针上,以及
f)将针包括纤维F一起通过孔返回,使得纤维F以纤维区域FB2布置于模制品中并被反应性泡沫包围,而纤维F的纤维区域FB1从模制品的第一侧或任选地从层S2伸出,且纤维F的纤维区域FB3从模制品的第二侧伸出。
54.根据权利要求53的方法,其中同时进行步骤b)和d)。
55.根据权利要求51或52的方法,其中在引入至少一根纤维F之前,将权利要求4的模制品中的凹部,部分地或全部地引入到反应性泡沫中。
56.一种用于制造根据权利要求33至50中任一项的面板的方法,其包括在根据权利要求1至32中任一项的模制品上制造、施加和固化反应性粘性树脂形式的至少一层S1。
57.根据权利要求56的方法,其包括通过液体浸渍方法在根据权利要求1至32中任一项的模制品上制造、施加和固化反应性粘性树脂形式的至少一层S1。
58.根据权利要求56的方法,其包括通过压力辅助或真空辅助的浸渍方法在根据权利要求1至32中任一项的模制品上制造、施加和固化反应性粘性树脂形式的至少一层S1。
59.根据权利要求56的方法,其包括通过真空灌注或压力辅助的注入方法在根据权利要求1至32中任一项的模制品上制造、施加和固化反应性粘性树脂形式的至少一层S1。
60.根据权利要求59的方法,其包括通过真空灌注法在根据权利要求1至32中任一项的模制品上制造、施加和固化反应性粘性树脂形式的至少一层S1。
61.根据权利要求1至32中任一项的模制品或权利要求33至50中任一项的面板在用于风力涡轮机的转子叶片、交通领域、建筑领域、汽车制造、造船业、轨道车辆构造、集装箱构造、卫生设施和/或航空航天中的用途。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP16171420.9 | 2016-05-25 | ||
EP16171420 | 2016-05-25 | ||
PCT/EP2017/061869 WO2017202668A1 (de) | 2016-05-25 | 2017-05-17 | Faserverstärkung von reaktivschaumstoffen aus einem formschäumverfahren |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN109196031A CN109196031A (zh) | 2019-01-11 |
CN109196031B true CN109196031B (zh) | 2022-01-28 |
Family
ID=56117488
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201780032541.4A Active CN109196031B (zh) | 2016-05-25 | 2017-05-17 | 通过模塑发泡法制得的纤维增强的反应性泡沫 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11613620B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3464437B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN109196031B (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2891775T3 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2017202668A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2017202671A1 (de) | 2016-05-25 | 2017-11-30 | Basf Se | Konfektionierung faserverstärkter schaumstoffe |
KR102326407B1 (ko) | 2016-06-07 | 2021-11-17 | 바스프 에스이 | 폴리락트산-함유 발포성 펠릿의 제조 방법 |
EP3504039B1 (de) | 2016-08-26 | 2020-10-07 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen herstellung von faserverstärkten schaumstoffen |
CN109851740A (zh) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-06-07 | 安徽中科都菱商用电器股份有限公司 | 医用超低温冰箱的发泡隔热材料及其制备方法 |
CN116657765A (zh) | 2019-02-14 | 2023-08-29 | 建筑Ip有限责任公司 | 具有公用通道和叠层围护结构的可折叠建筑结构 |
BR112021013428B1 (pt) * | 2019-08-06 | 2023-12-05 | MAFTEC Co., Ltd | Artigo formado de fibra inorgânica, manta para um aparelho de limpeza de gás de descarga e aparelho de limpeza de gás de descarga |
US11718984B2 (en) | 2021-01-12 | 2023-08-08 | Build Ip Llc | Liftable foldable transportable buildings |
US11739547B2 (en) | 2021-01-12 | 2023-08-29 | Build Ip Llc | Stackable foldable transportable buildings |
MX2024010765A (es) * | 2022-03-04 | 2024-09-10 | Huntsman Int Llc | Polioles de poliester sustentables y usos de los mismos. |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101184606A (zh) * | 2005-05-27 | 2008-05-21 | 空中客车德国有限公司 | 多孔材料的增强 |
WO2014139911A1 (en) * | 2013-03-11 | 2014-09-18 | Gurit (Uk) Ltd | A method for sealing surfaces of a cellular foam body |
CN107278217A (zh) * | 2014-12-22 | 2017-10-20 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 由膨胀的珠粒泡沫制得的纤维增强的模制品 |
Family Cites Families (40)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3030256A (en) | 1960-03-08 | 1962-04-17 | Rosenthal Harry | Reinforced laminated panels with foam core |
GB1375877A (zh) | 1972-04-04 | 1974-11-27 | ||
US3951718A (en) | 1975-01-03 | 1976-04-20 | Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation | Method for producing reinforced insulating foam |
US4196251A (en) | 1979-04-16 | 1980-04-01 | International Harvester Company | Rigidized resinous foam core sandwich structure |
DE3811778A1 (de) | 1987-04-08 | 1988-11-03 | Sackner Prod Inc | Waermeformbares integrales verbundmaterial und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
EP0653984B1 (en) | 1993-05-04 | 2007-01-24 | Foster-Miller, Inc. | Truss reinforced foam core sandwich structure |
JP2771444B2 (ja) | 1994-02-16 | 1998-07-02 | 積水化成品工業株式会社 | ポリスチレン系樹脂発泡板断熱材及び該断熱材を用いた構築物への断熱施工方法 |
US6187411B1 (en) | 1996-10-04 | 2001-02-13 | The Boeing Company | Stitch-reinforced sandwich panel and method of making same |
US6218023B1 (en) | 1997-04-21 | 2001-04-17 | Montell North America, Inc. | Co-extruded laminate comprising at least one propylene graft copolymer layer |
DE19959652A1 (de) | 1999-12-10 | 2001-06-13 | Basf Ag | Sandwichplatte |
JP4991985B2 (ja) | 1999-12-28 | 2012-08-08 | ミリケン・アンド・カンパニー | 繊維強化複合コアおよびパネル |
US8419883B2 (en) | 2000-12-27 | 2013-04-16 | Milliken & Company | Fiber reinforced composite cores and panels |
WO2005018926A2 (en) | 2003-03-28 | 2005-03-03 | Webcore Technologies, Inc. | Fiber reinforced composite cores and panels |
DE10358786A1 (de) | 2003-12-12 | 2005-07-14 | Basf Ag | Partikelschaumformteile aus expandierbaren, Füllstoff enthaltenden Polymergranulaten |
US7201625B2 (en) | 2004-03-11 | 2007-04-10 | Tzong In Yeh | Foam product having outer skin and method for producing the same |
SE0403056D0 (sv) | 2004-12-16 | 2004-12-16 | Recore Technologies Ab | Polymert skumkompositmaterial samt förfarande för framställning därav |
ITMI20050119A1 (it) | 2005-01-28 | 2006-07-29 | Top Glass Spa | Struttura di pannello e relativo procedimento di realizzazione |
FR2921076B1 (fr) | 2007-09-18 | 2010-04-02 | Roy Guy Le | Panneau a forte resistance structurelle, dispositif et procede pour fabriquer un tel panneau |
GB2448468B (en) | 2007-10-08 | 2009-09-30 | Gurit | Composite laminated article and manufacture thereof |
GB2455045B (en) | 2007-10-08 | 2010-01-06 | Gurit | Production of closed cell foam body |
US20100196652A1 (en) | 2009-02-03 | 2010-08-05 | Demien Jacquinet | Quasi-isotropic sandwich structures |
WO2011012587A1 (en) | 2009-07-28 | 2011-02-03 | Saertex Gmbh & Co. Kg | Process for the production of a core with integrated bridging fibers for panels made of composite materials, panel that is obtained and device |
US9481759B2 (en) * | 2009-08-14 | 2016-11-01 | Boral Ip Holdings Llc | Polyurethanes derived from highly reactive reactants and coal ash |
CN102574789B (zh) | 2009-09-21 | 2014-12-10 | 凯莫森特里克斯股份有限公司 | 吡咯烷酮甲酰胺衍生物作为趋化素-r(chemr23)调节剂 |
IN2012DN02765A (zh) | 2009-10-01 | 2015-09-18 | Milliken & Co | |
EP2420531A1 (de) | 2010-08-18 | 2012-02-22 | Basf Se | Extrusionsschaumstoffe mit verbesserter Steifigkeit |
US9580598B2 (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2017-02-28 | Covestro Llc | Polyurethane composites produced by a vacuum infusion process |
US8663791B2 (en) | 2011-04-04 | 2014-03-04 | Milliken & Company | Composite reinforced cores and panels |
WO2016041836A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 | 2016-03-24 | Basf Se | New composite article |
WO2016096481A1 (de) | 2014-12-17 | 2016-06-23 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von expandierbaren polymilchsäure-haltigen granulaten |
CN107406610B (zh) | 2014-12-22 | 2020-10-30 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 含发泡剂的泡沫材料的纤维增强 |
US20170361545A1 (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2017-12-21 | Basf Se | Fiber-reinforcement of foam materials, consisting of interconnected segments |
JP7204324B2 (ja) | 2014-12-22 | 2023-01-16 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | 異方性フォームの繊維強化 |
WO2016188805A1 (de) | 2015-05-28 | 2016-12-01 | Basf Se | Polyurethan-polyisocyanuratverbindung mit hervorragenden mechanischen eigenschaften |
EP3320022B1 (de) | 2015-07-06 | 2018-11-14 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung eines polyamids |
KR20180054708A (ko) | 2015-09-16 | 2018-05-24 | 바스프 에스이 | 락탐의 음이온 중합 |
WO2017202671A1 (de) | 2016-05-25 | 2017-11-30 | Basf Se | Konfektionierung faserverstärkter schaumstoffe |
CN109195779A (zh) | 2016-05-25 | 2019-01-11 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 纤维增强的泡沫材料 |
EP3464436B1 (de) | 2016-05-25 | 2023-02-15 | Basf Se | Faserverstärkung von reaktivschaumstoffen aus einem doppelbandschäum- oder einem blockschäumverfahren |
PT3464438T (pt) * | 2016-05-25 | 2022-09-27 | Basf Se | Materiais de espuma reforçados com fibras |
-
2017
- 2017-05-17 WO PCT/EP2017/061869 patent/WO2017202668A1/de active Search and Examination
- 2017-05-17 CN CN201780032541.4A patent/CN109196031B/zh active Active
- 2017-05-17 EP EP17723145.3A patent/EP3464437B1/de active Active
- 2017-05-17 ES ES17723145T patent/ES2891775T3/es active Active
- 2017-05-17 US US16/303,491 patent/US11613620B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101184606A (zh) * | 2005-05-27 | 2008-05-21 | 空中客车德国有限公司 | 多孔材料的增强 |
WO2014139911A1 (en) * | 2013-03-11 | 2014-09-18 | Gurit (Uk) Ltd | A method for sealing surfaces of a cellular foam body |
CN107278217A (zh) * | 2014-12-22 | 2017-10-20 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 由膨胀的珠粒泡沫制得的纤维增强的模制品 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2017202668A1 (de) | 2017-11-30 |
US11613620B2 (en) | 2023-03-28 |
CN109196031A (zh) | 2019-01-11 |
ES2891775T3 (es) | 2022-01-31 |
US20200317880A1 (en) | 2020-10-08 |
EP3464437B1 (de) | 2021-07-07 |
EP3464437A1 (de) | 2019-04-10 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN109196031B (zh) | 通过模塑发泡法制得的纤维增强的反应性泡沫 | |
CN109153807B (zh) | 通过双条发泡法或块状发泡法获得的纤维增强反应性泡沫材料 | |
CN107278217B (zh) | 由膨胀的珠粒泡沫制得的纤维增强的模制品 | |
DK2646683T3 (en) | Core foam of polyurethane for production of wings, especially for wind projects | |
AU2010332880B2 (en) | Polyurethane composite system having high compressive strength and rigidity | |
KR20080087831A (ko) | 자동차 헤드라이너의 제조 방법 | |
CN104603173A (zh) | 纤维增强的复合材料组件及其制备 | |
US9855711B2 (en) | Method for manufacturing a composite panel | |
CN109153808B (zh) | 纤维增强的泡沫材料 | |
US20140295725A1 (en) | Composite profile and method for manufacturing a composite profile | |
WO2017029121A1 (en) | Improvements in or relating to moulding | |
KR20160130345A (ko) | 수지 복합체 및 수지 복합체의 제조 방법 | |
JP2018504481A (ja) | 互いに接合されたセグメントから製造されたフォームの繊維による強化 | |
US20120142801A1 (en) | Core foams of polyurethane for production of wings and blades for wind power systems in particular | |
CN111372963B (zh) | 制备包含氨基甲酸酯基和异氰脲酸酯基的开孔硬质泡沫的方法 | |
WO2024155428A1 (en) | Laminated parts containing a hard polyurethane outer layer and methods for their production |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |