CN109186647B - Device and method for eliminating reflection of optical fiber end face - Google Patents
Device and method for eliminating reflection of optical fiber end face Download PDFInfo
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- CN109186647B CN109186647B CN201811178473.5A CN201811178473A CN109186647B CN 109186647 B CN109186647 B CN 109186647B CN 201811178473 A CN201811178473 A CN 201811178473A CN 109186647 B CN109186647 B CN 109186647B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/3537—Optical fibre sensor using a particular arrangement of the optical fibre itself
- G01D5/35374—Particular layout of the fiber
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
- G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
- G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
- G01D5/35361—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity using elastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Rayleigh backscattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/3537—Optical fibre sensor using a particular arrangement of the optical fibre itself
- G01D5/3538—Optical fibre sensor using a particular arrangement of the optical fibre itself using a particular type of fiber, e.g. fibre with several cores, PANDA fiber, fiber with an elliptic core or the like
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for eliminating end face reflection of an optical fiber, wherein the end face reflection eliminating device comprises a first single mode optical fiber, a coreless optical fiber and a second single mode optical fiber. One end of the first single-mode optical fiber is welded with the coreless optical fiber, and the other end of the coreless optical fiber is welded with one end of the second single-mode optical fiber. And welding a section of coreless optical fiber at the tail end of the optical fiber to be treated, and welding a section of single-mode optical fiber at the other end of the coreless optical fiber. The mode field mismatch effect exists between the coreless optical fiber and the single-mode optical fiber, part of light is lost at the welding part of the coreless optical fiber, and multimode interference is generated in the coreless optical fiber, so that the intensity of an internal optical field of the coreless optical fiber shows periodic intensity variation along with the transmission length. The light is transmitted to the position with weak light field intensity and is coupled into the second single mode fiber to generate loss again, the intensity is very weak, and the end face reflection is basically eliminated. The method can effectively eliminate reflection noise on the end face of the optical fiber and improve the sensing measurement precision of the optical fiber.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a device and a method for eliminating reflection of an optical fiber end face.
Background
The optical fiber sensing technology has been paid great attention to once coming out because of the advantages of accurate measurement, radiation resistance, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like, and has wide application in the fields of military, aerospace, industrial manufacturing, construction and the like. In the optical fiber sensing technology, the back reflection light in the optical fiber is mostly used as a carrier, when external stress, temperature, vibration and the like are changed, the characterization parameters such as intensity, frequency, phase and the like of the back reflection light are correspondingly changed, and the sensing of the external parameters to be measured can be realized by demodulating the change values of the parameters. For example, in OFDR (optical frequency domain reflection) technology, the magnitude of a beat signal generated by rayleigh scattering light and reference light at a point on an optical fiber can be mapped to a physical distance between the point and a test starting point, and the frequency shift of the rayleigh scattering spectrum can be used to quantitatively characterize a temperature change. When the back reflection light is collected, the end face reflection light generated at the tail end of the sensing optical fiber also enters the data collection system, and the intensity of the end face reflection light is far higher than that of the back reflection light, so that part of signals to be measured are submerged in reflection noise, distortion is generated to a certain extent, the signal-to-noise ratio is greatly reduced, and the sensing measurement accuracy is greatly reduced.
In conventional use, the tail end of the sensing optical fiber needs to be treated to reduce end surface reflection and improve measurement accuracy. The methods generally adopted are as follows: knotting the tail end, coating optical fiber refractive index matching paste and the like. Although these methods can function to some extent, they have problems such as easy loosening of knots, easy falling of the matching paste, difficult long-term maintenance, etc. Especially for some occasions needing to seal the sensitive fibers, the end face treatment cannot be restored at all once being invalid. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a convenient and simple optical fiber end face reflection eliminating device that can be operated for a long period of time.
Disclosure of Invention
In response to the above-identified deficiencies or improvements in the art, the present invention provides an apparatus and method for eliminating fiber-optic endface reflections.
The invention provides a device for eliminating reflection of an optical fiber end face, which comprises: a first single mode optical fiber, a coreless optical fiber and a second single mode optical fiber; one end of the first single-mode optical fiber is welded with the coreless optical fiber, and the other end of the coreless optical fiber is welded with one end of the second single-mode optical fiber.
According to the technical scheme, one end of the first single-mode optical fiber is connected with the coreless optical fiber in a welding mode, and the other end of the coreless optical fiber is welded with the second single-mode optical fiber in a welding mode.
By adopting the technical scheme, the first single mode optical fiber and the second single mode optical fiber are common single mode optical fibers, or various single mode optical fibers with coating layers, or single mode optical fibers with special structures.
With the technical scheme, the diameter of the coreless optical fiber is 125 micrometers, 250 micrometers or 400 micrometers.
By adopting the technical scheme, the length of the coreless optical fiber is the distance between the fusion point and the position with weak light field intensity.
By adopting the technical scheme, the tail end of the second single-mode optical fiber is coated with the optical fiber refractive index matching paste.
The invention also provides a method for eliminating the reflection of the end face of the optical fiber, which comprises the following steps:
welding one end of a section of coreless fiber at the end of a first single mode fiber, wherein a mode field mismatch effect exists between the coreless fiber and the first single mode fiber, part of light is lost at the welding part of the coreless fiber, and multimode interference is generated in the coreless fiber, so that the intensity of an internal light field of the coreless fiber shows periodic intensity variation along with the transmission length;
the other end of the coreless optical fiber is welded with a second single-mode optical fiber; coupling into the second single mode fiber at a location of weaker optical transmission field strength again results in loss, with substantial elimination of end reflection.
With the technical proposal, the diameter of the coreless optical fiber is 125 micrometers, 250 micrometers or 400 micrometers.
The technical scheme is that the method further comprises the steps of: and coating optical fiber refractive index matching paste on the tail end of the second single-mode optical fiber.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, a section of coreless optical fiber and a section of single-mode optical fiber are welded at the tail end of the optical fiber to be treated in sequence, and the mode field mismatch effect between the coreless optical fiber and the single-mode optical fiber is utilized, so that loss is generated when light enters the coreless optical fiber and is transmitted to the position with weaker light intensity to enter the single-mode optical fiber at the other side to generate secondary loss, and the influence of end surface reflection noise on the sensing measurement precision of the optical fiber is effectively eliminated.
Drawings
For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the nature of the invention, reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an apparatus for eliminating reflection from an end face of an optical fiber.
FIG. 2 is an optical fiber distance-reflected intensity profile collected by an OFDR apparatus without endface treatment.
FIG. 3 is an end-processed fiber distance-reflected intensity profile acquired by an OFDR apparatus.
The improved processed fiber distance-reflected intensity profile acquired by the OFDR apparatus of fig. 4.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in the following examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention starts from the source of end surface reflection, and introduces the light at the tail end of the optical fiber into the coreless optical fiber for attenuation, so that the final light intensity is very weak, and the reflection noise is effectively eliminated.
The coreless fiber is a special fiber, has no fiber core, has only a solid cladding, and has the refractive index identical to that of the common fiber cladding. When light enters the coreless fiber from the single mode fiber, a mode field mismatch effect is generated due to the fact that the radius of the core layer of the coreless fiber is different from that of the single mode fiber. Part of the light is lost and a series of high-order modes are excited in the coreless fiber to generate multimode interference, so that the light field intensity in the coreless fiber shows periodic intensity variation along with the change of the transmission distance. The light field intensity peak positions in the coreless fiber are:
wherein L is the position of the intensity peak, lambda is the wavelength of incident light, n core The refractive index of the fiber core of the single-mode fiber is W, the diameter of the coreless fiber is W, P is the self-mapping number, and 1,2 and 3 … … are taken. When the wavelength of the transmitted light and the refractive index of the fiber core of the single-mode fiber are known, 1 is obtained from the image number, and then the first intensity peak position is obtained, and the light field intensity peak value appears at the position of L integral multiple. The light intensity peak value and the peripheral position are avoided, the length of the coreless optical fiber is selected as the distance between the single-mode, coreless optical fiber fusion point and the position with weaker light field intensity, and the attenuation of the incident light intensity can be realized to a certain extent.
As shown in fig. 1, the device for eliminating reflection on an end surface of an optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a first single-mode optical fiber 10, a coreless optical fiber 20, and a second single-mode optical fiber 30. When the device is installed, a section of coreless fiber 20 with proper length is welded at the tail end of the first single-mode fiber 10; the installation is completed by fusion splicing a section of the second single mode fiber 30 to the other end of the coreless fiber 20.
The first mode optical fiber 10 and the second mode optical fiber 30 are common single mode optical fibers, or various single mode optical fibers with coating layers or special structures. Typical single mode fibers such as g.652d, g.655, g.657, and special single mode fibers such as polyimide coated high temperature resistant fibers, polarization maintaining fibers, and the like. The first single mode optical fiber 10 and the second single mode optical fiber 30 need not be the same optical fiber, but need only be single mode optical fibers.
The coreless fiber 20 may have a diameter of 125 microns, 250 microns, or 400 microns and a length of at least the distance between the fusion point and the location where the optical field intensity is weak.
The method for eliminating the reflection of the optical fiber end face mainly comprises the following steps:
s1, welding the end part of a first single-mode fiber 10 to one end of a section of coreless fiber 20, wherein a mode field mismatch effect exists between the coreless fiber 20 and the first single-mode fiber 10, part of light is lost at the welding part of the coreless fiber, and multimode interference is generated in the coreless fiber, so that the intensity of an internal light field of the coreless fiber shows periodic intensity variation along with the transmission length;
s2, the other end of the coreless optical fiber 20 is welded with a second single-mode 30 optical fiber; coupling into the second single mode fiber 30 at a location of weaker optical transmission field strength again results in loss and substantial cancellation of end reflection.
The optical fiber provided with the device for eliminating the reflection of the optical fiber end face can be applied to an optical fiber sensor or optical fiber sensing measurement. Because the back reflected light does not reflect signals on the carrying end face, the sensitivity of the optical fiber sensor and the accuracy of optical fiber sensing measurement can be greatly improved.
In OFDR (optical frequency domain reflection) technology, the end face processing of the sensing fiber is taken as an example. Incident light wavelength lambda=1550 nm, coreless optical fiber diameter W=125 um, core refractive index n core = 1.4682, 1 is taken from the number of images P. From the equation, the first light field intensity peak in coreless fiber 20 is at the l=14.8mm position, backwardsThe light field intensity peak appears at a position of an integer multiple of 14.8 mm. A section of coreless fiber 20 with the diameter of 125 micrometers and the length of 20mm is welded at the tail end of the G652 single-mode fiber, and a section of G652 second single-mode fiber 30 with the length of 30mm is welded at the other end of the coreless fiber 20. FIG. 2 is a graph of fiber distance-reflected intensity collected by an OFDR apparatus without end treatment. FIG. 3 is a graph of the optical fiber distance-reflected intensity for an end-face treatment collected by an OFDR apparatus. The reflection intensity is attenuated in a step manner at the original end surface reflection peak position, and the installed end surface reflection eliminating device has a good effect. The tail end of the untreated sensing optical fiber is very strong in reflection, about-10 dB/mm, and exceeds the demodulation dynamic range of OFDR equipment. The reflection peak is distorted along with the measurement signal which exceeds half of the length of the whole optical fiber, so that the curve is tilted upwards and a little burr is generated, and the accurate measurement is not facilitated. After the end face reflection eliminating device is arranged at the tail end of the optical fiber, obvious step-type intensity attenuation occurs to the optical signal through the device, the reflection intensity reaching the tail end of the second single-mode optical fiber 30 is minus 80dB/mm, compared with the original end face reflection intensity, the reflection intensity is greatly reduced, the influence on the measuring signal is avoided, and the sensing measurement precision is effectively improved.
Another embodiment of the present invention is that a small amount of optical fiber refractive index matching paste is applied to the tail end of the second single-mode optical fiber 30 in the above embodiment, the refractive index of the matching paste is slightly lower than that of the optical fiber, fresnel reflection (i.e. end reflection) generated by the end face of the optical fiber and air with a low refractive index can be reduced, and the type YJ-a30 of the refractive index matching paste can be selected. FIG. 4 is a graph of the distance-reflected intensity of the fiber processed by the device, as collected by the OFDR equipment. The whole spectrum has no reflection peak, and the reflection of the end face of the original optical fiber is thoroughly eliminated.
In summary, the invention utilizes the mode field mismatch effect between the coreless optical fiber and the single-mode optical fiber to ensure that the loss is generated when light enters the coreless optical fiber and is transmitted to the position with weaker light intensity to enter the single-mode optical fiber at the other side to generate secondary loss, the end surface reflection is basically eliminated, and the optical fiber sensing measurement precision is effectively improved. Compared with the conventional method, the method is simple and convenient, has no hidden trouble of functional failure, and is particularly suitable for occasions where the sensing optical fiber needs to be sealed.
It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the drawings and examples described herein are illustrative only and not limiting of the present invention, and that any modifications, equivalents, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (9)
1. An apparatus for eliminating reflection from an end face of an optical fiber, comprising: a first single mode optical fiber, a coreless optical fiber and a second single mode optical fiber; one end of the first single-mode optical fiber is welded with the coreless optical fiber, and the other end of the coreless optical fiber is welded with one end of the second single-mode optical fiber;
the light field intensity peak positions in the coreless fiber are:
wherein L is the position of the intensity peak, lambda is the wavelength of incident light, n core The refractive index of the fiber core of the single-mode fiber is W, the diameter of the coreless fiber is P, the number of self-images is 1,2,3 and … …, the light field intensity peak value appears at the integral multiple position of L, and the length of the coreless fiber is set to avoid the light field intensity peak value and the peripheral position.
2. The apparatus for removing end-face reflection of an optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein one end of the first single-mode optical fiber is connected to the coreless optical fiber by fusion, and the other end of the coreless optical fiber is fused to the second single-mode optical fiber by fusion.
3. The apparatus for eliminating reflection on an end face of an optical fiber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first single-mode optical fiber and the second single-mode optical fiber are ordinary single-mode optical fibers, or various single-mode optical fibers with coating layers, or single-mode optical fibers with special structures.
4. The apparatus for removing end-face reflection of an optical fiber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the coreless fiber has a diameter of 125 microns, 250 microns or 400 microns.
5. The apparatus for removing end-face reflection of an optical fiber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the coreless fiber has a length which is a distance between the fusion point and a position where the intensity of the optical field is weak.
6. The apparatus for removing reflection from an end face of an optical fiber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second single-mode optical fiber has a tail end coated with an optical fiber refractive index matching paste.
7. A method of eliminating reflection from an end face of an optical fiber, comprising the steps of:
welding one end of a section of coreless fiber at the end of a first single mode fiber, wherein a mode field mismatch effect exists between the coreless fiber and the first single mode fiber, part of light is lost at the welding part of the coreless fiber, and multimode interference is generated in the coreless fiber, so that the intensity of an internal light field of the coreless fiber shows periodic intensity variation along with the transmission length;
the other end of the coreless optical fiber is welded with a second single-mode optical fiber; coupling the light transmission light field into the second single mode fiber at a position with weak intensity to generate loss again, and basically eliminating end face reflection;
the light field intensity peak positions in the coreless fiber are:
wherein L is the position of the intensity peak, lambda is the wavelength of incident light, n core The refractive index of the fiber core of the single-mode fiber is W, the diameter of the coreless fiber is P, the number of self-images is 1,2,3 and … …, the light field intensity peak value appears at the integral multiple position of L, and the length of the coreless fiber is set to avoid the light field intensity peak value and the peripheral position.
8. The method of eliminating fiber-optic endface reflection of claim 7, wherein the coreless fiber has a diameter of 125 microns, 250 microns, or 400 microns.
9. The method of eliminating fiber-optic endface reflection of claim 7, further comprising the step of:
and coating optical fiber refractive index matching paste on the tail end of the second single-mode optical fiber.
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| CN109683113A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2019-04-26 | 苏州德睿电力科技有限公司 | A kind of fiber F-P cavity magnetic field sensor and preparation method thereof |
| CN109974814B (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2021-05-04 | 重庆理工大学 | Low temperature response Michelson liquid level sensor and measurement method based on multimode interference |
| CN110031146A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-07-19 | 西安石油大学 | Based on capillary splice type fibre-optical microstructure transducer production method and measuring principle |
| CN111766663B (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2022-04-05 | 重庆大学 | Optical Fiber Tail Reflection Elimination Method |
| CN112067155B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2022-03-22 | 武汉昊衡科技有限公司 | Lithium battery temperature dynamic monitoring method based on OFDR |
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