CN108993604B - 高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及复合材料制备领域,公开了一种高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO‑66‑NH2复合材料及其制备方法和应用,本发明中以UIO‑66‑NH2为基体,通过AgIn5S8均匀包覆在UIO‑66‑NH2基体表面形成AgIn5S8/UIO‑66‑NH2异质结复合材料,该复合材料具有较大的比表面积,利用AgIn5S8与UIO‑66‑NH2的协同作用,应用在光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)中,催化活性位点丰富,能够有效抑制光生电子‑空穴的复合,提高光催化活性,克服了单一半导体光催化性能不佳的缺点;制备过程简便,可控性强。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料制备领域,特别涉及一种高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着现代化工业的迅速发展,环境污染问题日益严重,寻找经济高效的污染控制技术是目前环境领域的重要课题。半导体光催化技术因其反应条件温和、无二次污染等特点,成为研究热点。银铟硫化物(AgIn5S8)是典型的三元硫族化合物半导体,带隙窄(1.70~1.90 eV),稳定性高,容易被可见光激发产生光生电子空穴对,在光伏和光催化领域都有应用。与其他半导体光催化剂类似,AgIn5S8也存在由于光生电子和空穴快速复合所导致的催化效果较差的问题。研究发现,制备复合材料形成异质结是提高光催化效率的一种重要方法。
Li等人(Li K, Chai B, Peng T, et al. Preparation of AgIn5S8/TiO2Heterojunction Nanocomposite and Its Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 ProductionProperty under Visible Light[J]. Acs Catalysis, 2013, 3(2):170–177.)制备得到AgIn5S8/TiO2复合材料,用于可见光催化产氢。Deng等人(Deng F, Zhao L, Luo X, et al.Highly efficient visible-light photocatalytic performance of Ag/ AgIn5S8 fordegradation of tetracycline hydrochloride and treatment of realpharmaceutical industry wastewater[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017,333.)制备得到Ag/ AgIn5S8复合材料,用来降解医药工业废水中的盐酸四环素。毛宝东等人(CN 105727999 A)利用水热法制备AgIn5S8-ZnS/MoS2异质结复合光催化剂,可用于可见光下降解罗丹明B染料;(CN 107890875 A)制备AgIn5S8-ZnS量子点,并测量其量子点的光催化制氢性能。然而,这些复合材料的光催化效果还有待提高。
金属有机骨架材料UIO-66-NH2是一种多孔配位网状化合物,其骨架金属离子与有机配体易实现功能化,禁带宽度约为2.68 eV,且具有大的比表面积,已有研究证明其在复合材料催化剂中的优越性及可行性。但经文献检索和调查,未发现AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合可见光催化材料的方法的专利申请和文献报道。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供一种高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料及其制备方法和应用,AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2异质结复合材料能够有效抑制光生电子-空穴的复合,提高了光催化活性,克服了单一半导体光催化性能不佳的缺点。
技术方案:本发明提供了一种高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料,以UIO-66-NH2为基体,通过AgIn5S8包覆形成AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2异质结复合材料。
优选地,AgIn5S8的颗粒大小为400~1000nm。
本发明还提供了一种高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:S1:将硝酸银、硝酸铟与UIO-66-NH2加入到乙醇中避光搅拌,得混合溶液A;S2:将硫代乙酰胺加入到乙醇中搅拌溶解,得溶液B;S3:缓慢将溶液B滴加到混合溶液A中,避光搅拌110~130 min,得反应液C;S4:将反应液C转移到水热反应釜中,于140~180 ℃条件下反应20~30 h后取出,自然冷却至室温,过滤出反应产物并用乙醇洗涤、离心后,在60~80 ℃下干燥11~13h得AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料。
优选地,在所述S1中,所述硝酸银和硝酸铟的摩尔比为1:4.5~5.5。
优选地,在所述S1中,UIO-66-NH2的质量为硝酸银和硝酸铟的总质量的5~30%。
优选地,所述S2中的硫代乙酰胺与S1中的硝酸铟和硝酸银的摩尔比为15~30:4.5~5.5:1。
优选地,在所述S3中,将溶液B滴加到混合溶液A中的滴加速率为1~10 mL/min。
进一步地,在所述S1中,所述UIO-66-NH2的制备方法包括如下步骤:S1-1:将四氯化锆和2-氨基对苯二甲酸在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中超声10~20min,然后加入乙酸搅拌10~130min,超声25~35min,得反应液D;S1-2:将反应液D转移到水热反应釜中,于110~130 ℃条件下反应20~30h,反应结束后,自然冷却至室温,分别用 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和甲醇洗涤,离心后,在90~110 ℃下干燥11~13 h得UIO-66-NH2。
优选地,在所述S1-1中,四氯化锆、2-氨基对苯二甲酸与乙酸的摩尔比为1:1~1.5:50~150。
本发明还提供了一种高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料在光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)中的应用。
有益效果:本发明中以UIO-66-NH2为基体,通过AgIn5S8均匀包覆在UIO-66-NH2基体表面形成AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2异质结复合材料,其中AgIn5S8禁带宽度为1.87eV,导带电位为-0.70eV,价带电位为1.17eV;UIO-66-NH2禁带宽度为2.68eV,导带电位为-0.60eV,价带电位为2.08eV。在可见光照射下,AgIn5S8与UIO-66-NH2各自价带中的电子吸收光子后进入导带,分别在导带产生光生电子,在价带产生空穴,从而形成电子-空穴对。UIO-66-NH2导带中的光生电子注入到AgIn5S8的价带与其空穴结合,从而实现了光生电子与空穴的快速分离,有效抑制光生电子-空穴的复合;利用AgIn5S8与UIO-66-NH2的协同作用,再加上该复合材料具有较大的比表面积,将其应用在光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)中,能够提高光催化活性,克服单一半导体光催化性能不佳的缺点。在AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2异质结复合材料的制备过程中,先在避光条件下通过乙醇将硝酸银和硝酸铟溶解并与与UIO-66-NH2分散均匀,然后将经过乙醇溶解的硫代乙酰胺缓慢加入到前述三者的混合溶液中,避光搅拌反应生成反应液C,然后通过水热反应使反应液C在生成AgIn5S8的同时,使生成的AgIn5S8包覆在UIO-66-NH2表面形成AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2异质结复合材料;上述避光过程是为了避免硝酸银中的阴离子在有光条件下由于光照的能量使其被氧化成银颗粒,确保后续AgIn5S8的顺利生成;本方法制备过程简便,可控性强。
附图说明
图1为X射线衍射(XRD)谱图;
图2为傅里叶红外(FTIR)谱图;
图3为扫描电镜(SEM)照片;
图4为N2吸附-脱附曲线(BET)谱图;
图5为紫外漫反射(UV-Vis DRS)谱图;
图6为Cr(Ⅵ)光催化效果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细的介绍。
实施例1:
本实施方式提供了一种高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料,该复合材料以UIO-66-NH2为基体,通过AgIn5S8包覆形成AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2异质结复合材料,其中,基体UIO-66-NH2的质量为AgIn5S8质量的10%,AgIn5S8的颗粒大小为400~1000nm。
上述高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料依以下步骤合成:
(1)UIO-66-NH2的制备:首先取2 mmol四氯化锆、2 mmol 2-氨基对苯二甲酸于90mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,超声15min;接着加入200 mmol乙酸,搅拌120 min, 超声30 min,得反应液D;然后将反应液D转移到水热反应釜中,于120 ℃条件下反应24 h。反应结束后,自然冷却至室温,分别用 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和甲醇洗涤3次,离心后,在100 ℃下干燥12 h得UIO-66-NH2。
(2)AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料的制备:将0.4 mmol硝酸银、2 mmol硝酸铟与0.0375g UIO-66-NH2的加入到15 mL乙醇中避光搅拌30 min,得混合溶液A;将8 mmol硫代乙酰胺加入到10 mL 乙醇中,搅拌30min,得溶液B;接着以1 mL/min的滴加速率将溶液B滴加到溶液A中,避光搅拌120 min,得反应液C;然后将反应液C转移到水热反应釜中,于160℃条件下反应24 h。反应结束后,自然冷却至室温,用乙醇洗涤3次,离心后,在70 ℃下干燥12 h得AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2-1复合材料。
使用上述方法制备得到的AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料对Cr(Ⅵ)进行光催化还原,Cr(Ⅵ)的还原率为85.6%。
实施例2:
本实施方式提供了一种高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料,该复合材料以UIO-66-NH2为基体,通过AgIn5S8包覆形成AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2异质结复合材料,其中,基体UIO-66-NH2的质量为AgIn5S8质量的30%,AgIn5S8的颗粒大小为400~1000nm。
上述高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料依以下步骤合成:
(1)UIO-66-NH2的制备:首先取1 mmol四氯化锆、1.5 mmol 2-氨基对苯二甲酸于45 mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,超声10min;接着加入50 mmol乙酸,搅拌110 min, 超声25min,得反应液D;然后将反应液D转移到水热反应釜中,于110 ℃条件下反应20 h。反应结束后,自然冷却至室温,分别用 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和甲醇洗涤3次,离心后,在90 ℃下干燥11h得UIO-66-NH2。
(2)AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料的制备:将0.2 mmol硝酸银、0.9 mmol硝酸铟与0.0563g UIO-66-NH2的加入到7.5 mL乙醇中避光搅拌25 min,得混合溶液A。将3 mmol硫代乙酰胺加入到8 mL 乙醇中,搅拌25min,得溶液B;接着以5 mL/min的滴加速率将溶液B滴加到溶液A中,避光搅拌110 min,的反应液C;然后将反应液C转移到水热反应釜中,于140 ℃条件下反应20 h。反应结束后,自然冷却至室温,用乙醇洗涤3次,离心后,在60 ℃下干燥11h得AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2-2复合材料。使用上述方法制备得到的AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料对Cr(Ⅵ)进行光催化还原,Cr(Ⅵ)的还原率为96.4%。
实施例3:
本实施方式提供了一种高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料,该复合材料以UIO-66-NH2为基体,通过AgIn5S8包覆形成AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2异质结复合材料,其中,基体UIO-66-NH2的质量为AgIn5S8质量的5%,AgIn5S8的颗粒大小为400~1000nm。
上述高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料依以下步骤合成:
(1)UIO-66-NH2的制备:首先取1 mmol四氯化锆、1.25 mmol 2-氨基对苯二甲酸于50 mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,超声20min;接着加入150 mmol乙酸,搅拌130 min, 超声35min,得反应液D;然后将反应液D转移到水热反应釜中,于130 ℃条件下反应30 h。反应结束后,自然冷却至室温,分别用 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和甲醇洗涤3次,离心后,在110 ℃下干燥13 h得UIO-66-NH2。
(2)AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料的制备:将0.2 mmol硝酸银、1.1 mmol硝酸铟与0.0094g UIO-66-NH2的加入到8 mL乙醇中避光搅拌35 min,得混合溶液A。将3 mmol硫代乙酰胺加入到11 mL 乙醇中,搅拌35min,得溶液B;接着以10 mL/min的滴加速率将溶液B滴加到溶液A中,避光搅拌130 min,的反应液C;然后将反应液C转移到水热反应釜中,于180 ℃条件下反应30 h。反应结束后,自然冷却至室温,用乙醇洗涤3次,离心后,在80 ℃下干燥13h得AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2-3复合材料。使用上述方法制备得到的AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料对Cr(Ⅵ)进行光催化还原,Cr(Ⅵ)的还原率为78.5%。
对比例1:
直接采用AgIn5S8作为应用材料进行对照。
对比例2:
直接采用UIO-66-NH2作为应用材料进行对照。
表征方法是:
光催化实验在光化学反应器中进行,该反应器主要包括四部分:光源系统包括500W Xe灯,(λ>420nm)截止滤光器和冷却附件;反应器(容量为50ml的石英管);电磁搅拌器。在照射之前,将50mL含有20 mg光催化剂的50 mg/L K2Cr2O7水溶液在黑暗中磁力搅拌1小时。在照射期间,间隔30min从反应器中取出约3mL悬浮液并离心以分离光催化剂。使用标准二苯卡巴肼法,在540nm处比色测定上清液中的Cr(VI)含量。将不同照射时间的测量吸光度强度转换为Cr(VI)的还原率,可以定义为以下表达式:
Cr(VI)的还原率=(A0-At)/ A0×100%
其中A0和At分别是当照射0min(即刚刚吸附后)和t min时的吸光度强度。
使用二苯卡巴肼(DPC)法测定Cr(VI):将1.0mL样品与9mL 0.2mol/L H2SO4在10.0ml容量瓶中混合。随后,将0.2mL新制备的0.25%(w/v)DPC的丙酮溶液加入容量瓶中。将混合物震荡约20秒后,使其静置10分钟,以确保完全显色。使用试剂空白溶液(即溶液含有除Cr(VI)之外的所有其他物质)作为参考,然后在λmax= 540nm处测量着色的Cr(VI)-DPC复合物溶液的吸光度。
表征实验
图1为AgIn5S8、UIO-66-NH2、实施例1与实施例2材料的X射线衍射(XRD)谱图。可以看出,不同UIO-66-NH2含量的AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料曲线中均可以看到属于UIO-66-NH2、AgIn5S8的特征峰,说明产物中UIO-66-NH2、AgIn5S8的结构均没有被破坏。且随着UIO-66-NH2含量的增加,UIO-66-NH2特征峰明显增强,这说明AgIn5S8与UIO-66-NH2形成了复合材料。
图2为AgIn5S8、UIO-66-NH2与实施例2材料的傅里叶红外(FTIR)谱图。AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料与AgIn5S8相比出现了UIO-66-NH2的特征峰,这也表明AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料含有AgIn5S8与UIO-66-NH2。
图3为AgIn5S8(a)、UIO-66-NH2(b)、实施例1(c)与实施例2(d)材料的扫描电镜(SEM)照片。从AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2-1 (c) 与AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2-2 (d)中的个别破损的AgIn5S8材料可以看出,AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料以UIO-66-NH2为基体,AgIn5S8包覆在UIO-66-NH2表面形成异质结,使得它们发挥各自优势的同时产生协同效应,使得所合成的AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料具备更为优越的光催化性能。
图4为AgIn5S8、UIO-66-NH2与实施例1材料N2吸附-脱附曲线(BET)谱图。从图中可以看出,AgIn5S8复合了UIO-66-NH2形成AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2-1后,比表面积从63.649 cm3g-1增大到113.03 cm3g-1,为催化反应提供了丰富的活性位点。
图5为AgIn5S8、UIO-66-NH2、实施例1与实施例2材料紫外漫反射(UV-Vis DRS)谱图。从图中可以看出,与AgIn5S8相比,AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料的可见光吸收能力稍有下降。与UIO-66-NH2相比,AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料的可见光吸收能力有很大提高。这为AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料的高可见光活性提供了基础。
图6为AgIn5S8、UIO-66-NH2、实施例1与实施例2材料Cr(Ⅵ)光催化效果图。从图中可以看出,UIO-66-NH2的Cr(Ⅵ)吸附能力比其还原Cr(Ⅵ) 能力强。而AgIn5S8、AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料的Cr(Ⅵ)吸附能力较弱。AgIn5S8与UIO-66-NH2复合后,还原Cr(Ⅵ) 能力明显比AgIn5S8高,其中AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2-2的还原率达到96.4%。这是由于AgIn5S8比表面积小、光生电子和空穴的分离效率低,因此光催化活性不高。而AgIn5S8与UIO-66-NH2后,复合材料的比表面积增大能提供丰富的催化活性位点,并且形成异质结能快速转移光生电子和空穴,大大降低了光生电子和空穴的复合机率,从而提高了复合材料的光催化活性。
上述实施方式只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所做的等效变换或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料,其特征在于,以UIO-66-NH2为基体,通过AgIn5S8包覆形成AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2异质结复合材料;其中,UIO-66-NH2的质量为AgIn5S8质量的5~30%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料,其特征在于,AgIn5S8的颗粒大小为400~1000nm。
3.一种如权利要求1或2所述的高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:将硝酸银、硝酸铟与UIO-66-NH2加入到乙醇中避光搅拌,得混合溶液A;其中,UIO-66-NH2的质量为硝酸银和硝酸铟的总质量的5~30%;
S2:将硫代乙酰胺加入到乙醇中搅拌溶解,得溶液B;
S3:以滴加速率为1~10 mL/min缓慢将溶液B滴加到混合溶液A中,避光搅拌110~130min,得反应液C;
S4:将反应液C转移到水热反应釜中,于140~180 ℃条件下反应20~30 h后取出,自然冷却至室温,过滤出反应产物并用乙醇洗涤、离心后,在60~80 ℃下干燥11~13h得AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述S1中,所述硝酸银和硝酸铟的摩尔比为1:4.5~5.5。
5.根据权利要求3所述的高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述S2中的硫代乙酰胺与S1中的硝酸铟和硝酸银的摩尔比为 15~30:4.5~5.5:1。
6.根据权利要求3至5中任一项所述的高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述S1中,所述UIO-66-NH2的制备方法包括如下步骤:
S1-1:将四氯化锆和2-氨基对苯二甲酸在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中超声10~20min,然后加入乙酸搅拌110~130min,超声25~35min,得反应液D;
S1-2:将反应液D转移到水热反应釜中,于110~130 ℃条件下反应20~30h,反应结束后,自然冷却至室温,分别用 N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和甲醇洗涤,离心后,在90~110 ℃下干燥11~13 h得UIO-66-NH2。
7.根据权利要求6所述的高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,在所述S1-1中,四氯化锆、2-氨基对苯二甲酸与乙酸的摩尔比为1:1~1.5:50~150。
8.一种如权利要求1或2所述的高可见光活性AgIn5S8/UIO-66-NH2复合材料在光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)中的应用。
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