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CN108867036B - 一种增强涤纶纤维抗菌性能的改性处理方法 - Google Patents

一种增强涤纶纤维抗菌性能的改性处理方法 Download PDF

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CN108867036B
CN108867036B CN201810900085.7A CN201810900085A CN108867036B CN 108867036 B CN108867036 B CN 108867036B CN 201810900085 A CN201810900085 A CN 201810900085A CN 108867036 B CN108867036 B CN 108867036B
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张雷
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Hangzhou Wentao nylon Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种增强涤纶纤维抗菌性能的改性处理方法,包括如下步骤:(1)涤纶纤维预处理、(2)复合浸泡液制备、(3)改性处理。本发明对涤纶纤维进行了特殊的改性处理,明显增强了纤维的抗菌能力,且其抗菌稳定性好,耐洗涤性强,并且力学品质佳,极具市场竞争力和生产加工效益。

Description

一种增强涤纶纤维抗菌性能的改性处理方法
技术领域
本发明属于纺织技术领域,具体涉及一种增强涤纶纤维抗菌性能的改性处理方法。
背景技术
随着全球经济的迅速发展,生活水平不断提高,人们对生活品质的追求更趋向于健康、环保,其中纺织品的卫生功能引起人们的高度重视,大自然中微生物种类繁多、无处不在,一些对人体有害的细菌、真菌和病毒在适宜的环境中会迅速繁殖,并通过接触传播疾病,影响人体的健康,日常生活中的纺织品是这些微生物的良好寄居场所,也是传递疾病的重要媒介,因此,对抗菌纤维的开发研究显得格外重要。涤纶纤维因具有不错的综合使用特性而被大量应用于各种装饰布料、国防军工特殊织物、床上用品等防止以及相关工业的纤维制品。目前市售的多数涤纶纤维均不具有很好的抗菌性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的问题,提供了一种增强涤纶纤维抗菌性能的改性处理方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种增强涤纶纤维抗菌性能的改性处理方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)涤纶纤维预处理:
先将涤纶纤维浸入到氢氧化钠溶液中,然后加热保持氢氧化钠溶液的温度为48~53℃,不断搅拌处理2~2.2h后将涤纶纤维取出,最后用去离子水冲洗一遍后烘干备用;
(2)复合浸泡液制备:
a.按对应重量份称取下列物质:1~3份硝酸银、5~8份硝酸锌、90~100份去离子水,然后将其共同投入到搅拌罐内,磁力搅拌处理30~35min后,再向搅拌罐内加入其总质量6~9%的植酸,磁力搅拌处理20~25min后,再向搅拌罐内加入氨水调节整体的pH值为7.5~8.0,随后加热保持搅拌罐内的温度为83~86℃,蒸发去除去离子水后得混合凝胶,最后将混合凝胶取出放入到马弗炉中煅烧处理1~2h后取出研磨粉碎过1000目得粉料A备用;
b.将蒙脱土放入到煅烧炉内进行煅烧处理,1~2h后将蒙脱土取出,随后将蒙脱土投入到粉碎机内进行粉碎后过500目备用;
c.将操作b处理后的蒙脱土放入到辐照箱内进行辐照处理,45~55min后取出备用;
d.将操作a所得的粉料A、操作c处理后的蒙脱土,以及硅烷偶联剂溶液对应按照重量比2~4:7~9:50~55进行混合,高速搅拌处理1~2h后离心过滤,再经过干燥处理后得粉料B备用;
e.将操作d所得的粉料B、聚乙烯醇、二甲苯溶液、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚对应按照重量比8~10:14~16:80~85:2~5进行混合,然后磁力搅拌处理2~3h后取出得复合浸泡液备用;
(3)改性处理:
将步骤(1)处理后的涤纶纤维浸入到步骤(2)制得的复合浸泡液中,超声处理3~4h后将涤纶纤维取出,然后用去离子水冲洗4~5遍后,最后干燥处理2~4h后即可。
进一步的,步骤(1)中所述的氢氧化钠溶液的质量分数为24~28%。
进一步的,步骤(2)操作a中所述的煅烧处理时控制马弗炉内的温度为600~650℃。
进一步的,步骤(2)操作b中所述的煅烧处理时控制煅烧炉内的温度为820~860℃。
进一步的,步骤(2)操作c中所述的辐照处理是He离子辐照处理,并控制辐照的能量为350~370keV,辐照的温度控制为440~460℃,注入量为5~7×1016 cm-2
进一步的,步骤(2)操作d中所述的硅烷偶联剂溶液的质量分数为30~35%,所述硅烷偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂kh550、硅烷偶联剂kh560、硅烷偶联剂kh570中的任意一种。
进一步的,步骤(2)操作e中所述的二甲苯溶液的质量分数为15~20%。
进一步的,步骤(3)中所述的超声处理时控制超声波的频率为480~520kHz。
本发明对涤纶纤维进行了特殊的改性处理,有效的提升了其抗菌特性,其中制备了一种复合浸泡液成分,复合浸泡液中的粉料A是一种银-氧化锌复合成的抗菌剂,具有很好的抗菌性能,并与涤纶纤维有着不错的亲和性,并添加了一种特殊处理后的蒙脱土,此蒙脱土经过煅烧处理后具有较大的比表面积和较强的吸附能力,再经过He离子辐照处理,表面上产生了大量的活性基团,提升了其反应能力和表面活性,使得其更好的对粉料A成分进行吸附固定,并且He离子进行辐照处理时会在蒙脱土内产生大量小粒径的氦泡,进一步提升了蒙脱土的比表面积和吸附能力,强化了整体颗粒对于涤纶纤维的改性稳定性,最后在硅烷偶联剂的辅助下,完成了对涤纶纤维的抗菌改性处理。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点:
本发明对涤纶纤维进行了特殊的改性处理,明显增强了纤维的抗菌能力,且其抗菌稳定性好,耐洗涤性强,并且力学品质佳,极具市场竞争力和生产加工效益。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种增强涤纶纤维抗菌性能的改性处理方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)涤纶纤维预处理:
先将涤纶纤维浸入到氢氧化钠溶液中,然后加热保持氢氧化钠溶液的温度为48℃,不断搅拌处理2h后将涤纶纤维取出,最后用去离子水冲洗一遍后烘干备用;
(2)复合浸泡液制备:
a.按对应重量份称取下列物质:1份硝酸银、5份硝酸锌、90份去离子水,然后将其共同投入到搅拌罐内,磁力搅拌处理30min后,再向搅拌罐内加入其总质量6%的植酸,磁力搅拌处理20min后,再向搅拌罐内加入氨水调节整体的pH值为7.5,随后加热保持搅拌罐内的温度为83℃,蒸发去除去离子水后得混合凝胶,最后将混合凝胶取出放入到马弗炉中煅烧处理1h后取出研磨粉碎过1000目得粉料A备用;
b.将蒙脱土放入到煅烧炉内进行煅烧处理,1h后将蒙脱土取出,随后将蒙脱土投入到粉碎机内进行粉碎后过500目备用;
c.将操作b处理后的蒙脱土放入到辐照箱内进行辐照处理,45min后取出备用;
d.将操作a所得的粉料A、操作c处理后的蒙脱土,以及硅烷偶联剂溶液对应按照重量比2:7:50进行混合,高速搅拌处理1h后离心过滤,再经过干燥处理后得粉料B备用;
e.将操作d所得的粉料B、聚乙烯醇、二甲苯溶液、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚对应按照重量比8:14:80:2进行混合,然后磁力搅拌处理2h后取出得复合浸泡液备用;
(3)改性处理:
将步骤(1)处理后的涤纶纤维浸入到步骤(2)制得的复合浸泡液中,超声处理3h后将涤纶纤维取出,然后用去离子水冲洗4遍后,最后干燥处理2h后即可。
进一步的,步骤(1)中所述的氢氧化钠溶液的质量分数为24%。
进一步的,步骤(2)操作a中所述的煅烧处理时控制马弗炉内的温度为600℃。
进一步的,步骤(2)操作b中所述的煅烧处理时控制煅烧炉内的温度为820℃。
进一步的,步骤(2)操作c中所述的辐照处理是He离子辐照处理,并控制辐照的能量为350keV,辐照的温度控制为440℃,注入量为5×1016 cm-2
进一步的,步骤(2)操作d中所述的硅烷偶联剂溶液的质量分数为30%,所述硅烷偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂kh550。
进一步的,步骤(2)操作e中所述的二甲苯溶液的质量分数为15%。
进一步的,步骤(3)中所述的超声处理时控制超声波的频率为480kHz。
实施例2
一种增强涤纶纤维抗菌性能的改性处理方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)涤纶纤维预处理:
先将涤纶纤维浸入到氢氧化钠溶液中,然后加热保持氢氧化钠溶液的温度为50℃,不断搅拌处理2.1h后将涤纶纤维取出,最后用去离子水冲洗一遍后烘干备用;
(2)复合浸泡液制备:
a.按对应重量份称取下列物质:2份硝酸银、7份硝酸锌、95份去离子水,然后将其共同投入到搅拌罐内,磁力搅拌处理33min后,再向搅拌罐内加入其总质量8%的植酸,磁力搅拌处理23min后,再向搅拌罐内加入氨水调节整体的pH值为7.8,随后加热保持搅拌罐内的温度为85℃,蒸发去除去离子水后得混合凝胶,最后将混合凝胶取出放入到马弗炉中煅烧处理1.5h后取出研磨粉碎过1000目得粉料A备用;
b.将蒙脱土放入到煅烧炉内进行煅烧处理,1.6h后将蒙脱土取出,随后将蒙脱土投入到粉碎机内进行粉碎后过500目备用;
c.将操作b处理后的蒙脱土放入到辐照箱内进行辐照处理,50min后取出备用;
d.将操作a所得的粉料A、操作c处理后的蒙脱土,以及硅烷偶联剂溶液对应按照重量比3:8:53进行混合,高速搅拌处理1.5h后离心过滤,再经过干燥处理后得粉料B备用;
e.将操作d所得的粉料B、聚乙烯醇、二甲苯溶液、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚对应按照重量比9:15:83:3进行混合,然后磁力搅拌处理2.6h后取出得复合浸泡液备用;
(3)改性处理:
将步骤(1)处理后的涤纶纤维浸入到步骤(2)制得的复合浸泡液中,超声处理3.5h后将涤纶纤维取出,然后用去离子水冲洗4遍后,最后干燥处理3h后即可。
进一步的,步骤(1)中所述的氢氧化钠溶液的质量分数为26%。
进一步的,步骤(2)操作a中所述的煅烧处理时控制马弗炉内的温度为630℃。
进一步的,步骤(2)操作b中所述的煅烧处理时控制煅烧炉内的温度为840℃。
进一步的,步骤(2)操作c中所述的辐照处理是He离子辐照处理,并控制辐照的能量为360keV,辐照的温度控制为450℃,注入量为6×1016 cm-2
进一步的,步骤(2)操作d中所述的硅烷偶联剂溶液的质量分数为32%,所述硅烷偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂kh560。
进一步的,步骤(2)操作e中所述的二甲苯溶液的质量分数为18%。
进一步的,步骤(3)中所述的超声处理时控制超声波的频率为500kHz。
实施例3
一种增强涤纶纤维抗菌性能的改性处理方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)涤纶纤维预处理:
先将涤纶纤维浸入到氢氧化钠溶液中,然后加热保持氢氧化钠溶液的温度为53℃,不断搅拌处理2.2h后将涤纶纤维取出,最后用去离子水冲洗一遍后烘干备用;
(2)复合浸泡液制备:
a.按对应重量份称取下列物质:3份硝酸银、8份硝酸锌、100份去离子水,然后将其共同投入到搅拌罐内,磁力搅拌处理35min后,再向搅拌罐内加入其总质量9%的植酸,磁力搅拌处理25min后,再向搅拌罐内加入氨水调节整体的pH值为8.0,随后加热保持搅拌罐内的温度为86℃,蒸发去除去离子水后得混合凝胶,最后将混合凝胶取出放入到马弗炉中煅烧处理2h后取出研磨粉碎过1000目得粉料A备用;
b.将蒙脱土放入到煅烧炉内进行煅烧处理,2h后将蒙脱土取出,随后将蒙脱土投入到粉碎机内进行粉碎后过500目备用;
c.将操作b处理后的蒙脱土放入到辐照箱内进行辐照处理,55min后取出备用;
d.将操作a所得的粉料A、操作c处理后的蒙脱土,以及硅烷偶联剂溶液对应按照重量比4: 9:55进行混合,高速搅拌处理2h后离心过滤,再经过干燥处理后得粉料B备用;
e.将操作d所得的粉料B、聚乙烯醇、二甲苯溶液、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚对应按照重量比10:16:85:5进行混合,然后磁力搅拌处理3h后取出得复合浸泡液备用;
(3)改性处理:
将步骤(1)处理后的涤纶纤维浸入到步骤(2)制得的复合浸泡液中,超声处理4h后将涤纶纤维取出,然后用去离子水冲洗5遍后,最后干燥处理4h后即可。
进一步的,步骤(1)中所述的氢氧化钠溶液的质量分数为28%。
进一步的,步骤(2)操作a中所述的煅烧处理时控制马弗炉内的温度为650℃。
进一步的,步骤(2)操作b中所述的煅烧处理时控制煅烧炉内的温度为860℃。
进一步的,步骤(2)操作c中所述的辐照处理是He离子辐照处理,并控制辐照的能量为370keV,辐照的温度控制为460℃,注入量为7×1016 cm-2
进一步的,步骤(2)操作d中所述的硅烷偶联剂溶液的质量分数为35%,所述硅烷偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂kh570。
进一步的,步骤(2)操作e中所述的二甲苯溶液的质量分数为20%。
进一步的,步骤(3)中所述的超声处理时控制超声波的频率为520kHz。
对比实施例1
本对比实施例1与实施例2相比,在步骤(2)复合浸泡液制备中,省去了操作c处理,除此外的方法步骤均相同。
对比实施例2
本对比实施例2与实施例2相比,在步骤(2)复合浸泡液制备的操作d中,省去了操作c处理后的蒙脱土成分,除此外的方法步骤均相同。
对比实施例3
本对比实施例3与实施例2相比,在步骤(2)复合浸泡液制备的操作d中,省去了操作c处理后的蒙脱土和硅烷偶联剂溶液成分,除此外的方法步骤均相同。
为了对比本发明效果,用同一批制成的涤纶纤维作为实验对象,分别用上述实施例2、对比实施例1、对比实施例2、对比实施例3对应的方法进行处理,然后对各组处理后的纤维进行性能测试,具体对比数据如下表所示:
表1
Figure 614239DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
注:上表1中所述的对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌效果定量测试,按照GB20944.3-2008-T判断其抗菌性;然后对各组对应的涤纶纤维采用FZ/T73023-2006《抗菌针织品》中附录C的简化洗涤条件及程序,对待测纤维进行不同次数的标准洗涤,洗涤条件为:2g/L标准合成洗衣机,浴比1:30,水温40±3℃, 投入试样,洗涤5min,然后在常温下用自来水清洗2min,记为洗涤一次。
由上表1可以看出,本发明处理方法能够明显的提升涤纶纤维的抗菌特性,且抗菌性能稳定,反复洗涤仍具有稳定的抗菌品质,极具市场竞争力。此外,对上述各组处理后的涤纶纤维进行力学性能测试发现本发明实施例2的纤维断裂强度较对比实施例1、对比实施例2、对比实施例3分别对应提高了12.2%、20.1%、33.6%,可见本发明方法在抗菌增强的同时又有效的保证了纤维的力学品质,不会造成常规方法处理后特性此长彼消的问题,进一步提升了纤维的使用价值。

Claims (8)

1.一种增强涤纶纤维抗菌性能的改性处理方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)涤纶纤维预处理:
先将涤纶纤维浸入到氢氧化钠溶液中,然后加热保持氢氧化钠溶液的温度为48~53℃,不断搅拌处理2~2.2h后将涤纶纤维取出,最后用去离子水冲洗一遍后烘干备用;
(2)复合浸泡液制备:
a.按对应重量份称取下列物质:1~3份硝酸银、5~8份硝酸锌、90~100份去离子水,然后将其共同投入到搅拌罐内,磁力搅拌处理30~35min后,再向搅拌罐内加入其总质量6~9%的植酸,磁力搅拌处理20~25min后,再向搅拌罐内加入氨水调节整体的pH值为7.5~8.0,随后加热保持搅拌罐内的温度为83~86℃,蒸发去除去离子水后得混合凝胶,最后将混合凝胶取出放入到马弗炉中煅烧处理1~2h后取出研磨粉碎过1000目得粉料A备用;
b.将蒙脱土放入到煅烧炉内进行煅烧处理,1~2h后将蒙脱土取出,随后将蒙脱土投入到粉碎机内进行粉碎后过500目备用;
c.将操作b处理后的蒙脱土放入到辐照箱内进行辐照处理,45~55min后取出备用;
d.将操作a所得的粉料A、操作c处理后的蒙脱土,以及硅烷偶联剂溶液对应按照重量比2~4:7~9:50~55进行混合,高速搅拌处理1~2h后离心过滤,再经过干燥处理后得粉料B备用;
e.将操作d所得的粉料B、聚乙烯醇、二甲苯溶液、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚对应按照重量比8~10:14~16:80~85:2~5进行混合,然后磁力搅拌处理2~3h后取出得复合浸泡液备用;
(3)改性处理:
将步骤(1)处理后的涤纶纤维浸入到步骤(2)制得的复合浸泡液中,超声处理3~4h后将涤纶纤维取出,然后用去离子水冲洗4~5遍后,最后干燥处理2~4h后即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种增强涤纶纤维抗菌性能的改性处理方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的氢氧化钠溶液的质量分数为24~28%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种增强涤纶纤维抗菌性能的改性处理方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)操作a中所述的煅烧处理时控制马弗炉内的温度为600~650℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种增强涤纶纤维抗菌性能的改性处理方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)操作b中所述的煅烧处理时控制煅烧炉内的温度为820~860℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种增强涤纶纤维抗菌性能的改性处理方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)操作c中所述的辐照处理是He离子辐照处理,并控制辐照的能量为350~370keV,辐照的温度控制为440~460℃,注入量为5~7×1016 cm-2
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种增强涤纶纤维抗菌性能的改性处理方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)操作d中所述的硅烷偶联剂溶液的质量分数为30~35%,所述硅烷偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂kh550、硅烷偶联剂kh560、硅烷偶联剂kh570中的任意一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种增强涤纶纤维抗菌性能的改性处理方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)操作e中所述的二甲苯溶液的质量分数为15~20%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种增强涤纶纤维抗菌性能的改性处理方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述的超声处理时控制超声波的频率为480~520kHz。
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