CN108610799A - 抗反射涂料、抗反射涂层及晶硅太阳能电池 - Google Patents
抗反射涂料、抗反射涂层及晶硅太阳能电池 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于太阳能电池表面的抗反射涂料、抗反射涂层以及包含该反射涂层的晶硅太阳能电池。所述抗反射涂料包括重量百分含量的如下组分：耐候聚合物0.1～80％；改性无机纳米粒子1～90％；溶剂8～95％；其中，所述耐候聚合物折射率为1.3～1.7。本方案所提供的抗反射涂料，涂覆于太阳能电池片的表面，涂层厚度0.1～20um，能够有效的减小辐射到太阳能电池片表面的太阳能光线的反射，提高太阳能电池的短路电流，从而提高太阳能电池的转化效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池抗反射涂层技术领域，尤其涉及一种抗反射涂料、抗反射涂层及晶硅太阳能电池。
背景技术
随着工业和社会的快速发展，能源消耗越来越大，而目前世界各国均以石化燃料作为主要能源，但是，由于石化燃料为不可再生资源，在不断的开发和使用中，将会日益消耗殆尽。
面对石化能源的不断减少，寻求新的可持续能源已经成为各个国家和地区所面临的重大课题。在现有的可持续能源中，太阳能无疑是一种最清洁、最普遍和最有潜力的替代能源。太阳能的利用通常是以太阳能发电装置作为载体，将太阳能转变为电能，从而为人类所用。太阳能发电装置又称为太阳能电池或光伏电池，可以将太阳能直接转换成电能，其发电机理是基于半导体PN结的光生伏特效应。
但是太阳光照射到太阳能电池表面，会发生较大的反射，而使得光能量损失。为了将更可能多的光耦合到太阳能电池中，通常的做法是在电池正面制作抗反射层，减少因反射造成的光损失。这样的抗反射涂层通常由n＝2.08、约75nm厚的SiNx层构成。SiNx层通常采用PECVD工艺制作。现有产线工艺条件下，晶硅电池片正面反射率为6％左右，较单晶的3％、黑硅的1％仍有较大降低空间。
发明内容
为进一步降低晶硅太阳能电池片正面反射率，提高效率，本发明实施例提供了一种抗反射涂料。
进一步地，本发明实施例还提供了由该抗反射涂料形成的抗反射涂层。
更进一步地，本发明实施例还提供了包含该抗反射涂料涂覆形成的抗反射涂层的多晶太阳能电池。
为了达到上述发明目的，本发明实施例采用了如下的技术方案：
一种抗反射涂料，包括重量百分含量的如下组分：
耐候聚合物 0.1～80％；
改性无机纳米粒子 1～90％；
溶剂 8～95％；
其中，耐候聚合物折射率为1.3～1.7。
以及，一种由如上所述的抗反射涂料涂覆形成的抗反射涂层。
相应地，一种晶硅太阳能电池，所述晶硅太阳能电池正面上涂覆有抗反射涂层；所述抗反射涂层由如上所述的抗反射涂料涂覆形成。
本发明上述实施例提供的抗反射涂料成本低，喷涂或滚涂均可；用于晶硅太阳能上，能够使得电池效率提升显著，具有规模应用的前景。
本发明上述实施例提供的抗反射涂料形成的抗反射涂层，涂层厚度为0.1～20um，能使晶硅太阳能电池片效率提高0.4％以上。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本发明实施例提供一种抗反射涂料，包括重量百分含量的如下组分：
耐候聚合物 0.1～80％；
改性无机纳米粒子 1～90％；
溶剂 8～95％；
其中，耐候聚合物折射率为1.3～1.7。
作为优选地，上述涂料包括重量百分含量的如下组分：
耐候聚合物 1～10％；
改性无机纳米粒子 10～30％；
溶剂 65～90％；
其中，耐候聚合物折射率为1.3～1.7。
优选地，耐候聚合物为含氟的树脂。具体可以是PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)、PVF(聚氟乙烯)、ETFE(乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物)、ECTFE(乙烯三氟氯乙烯共聚物)、EVA(乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物)、PVB(聚乙烯缩丁醛)、POE(聚烯烃)、有机硅树脂、环氧树脂、聚氨酯中的至少一种，这几类含氟聚合物耐候性好、折射率低。
更优选地，耐候聚合物为EVA、PVB、PMMA中的至少一种。上述聚合物在晶硅太阳能封装中均有使用，满足低折和可靠性要求。
优选地，上述无机纳米粒子为二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化锌的粉体或者溶胶中的至少一种，这几类无机纳米粒子具有消光的作用。
进一步地，上述无机纳米粒子经过表面改性剂改性，改性目的在于提高涂层溶液的储存稳定性。更进一步地，上述的无机纳米粒子粒径在10～1000nm。无机纳米粒子的粒径大于1000nm，稳定性差，透光性差。
优选地，表面改性剂为硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂中的至少一种。如KH-550(γ―氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷)、KH-560(γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷)、KH-570(γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷)中的任一种。
优选地，溶剂为醇、醚、酯酮、芳香烃、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、N-乙基-2-吡咯烷酮(NEP)中的任一种。
如，溶剂选自甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、异丁醇、乙二醇、苯甲醇、二丙酮醇；乙二醇单丁醚、二乙二醇单丁醚、丙二醇甲醚、二丙二醇甲醚、二丙二醇单丁醚；乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙醇酸丁酯、丙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯、丁二酸二甲酯、戊二酸二甲酯；丙酮、环己酮、异佛尓酮、环己烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、DMSO、DMF、DMAc、NMP、NEP中的一种或几种。
在上述各个组分的前提下，本发明还提供了该涂料的一种制备方法。
具体地，在一实施例中，该涂料的制备方法至少包括以下步骤：
采用偶联剂对无机纳米粒子进行表面改性处理；
将耐候聚合物置于部分溶剂中，混合处理，得到第一混合液；
将经过改性的无机纳米粒子与第一混合液进行混料处理，加入溶剂调节粘度，得到所述涂料。
本发明上述实施例提供的抗反射涂料成本低，喷涂或滚涂均可；用于晶硅太阳能上，能够使得电池效率提升显著，具有规模应用的前景。
相应地，本发明在提供上述涂料配方的前提下，将该涂料用于晶硅太阳能电池正面。
在一实施例中，直接将上述涂料涂覆于晶硅太阳能电池正面。
在一具体实施例中，将上述获得的涂料涂覆于晶硅太阳能电池片SiNx减反层表面，涂覆厚度为0.01～20μm，涂覆后置于带式烘干炉中，150～180℃烘烤2～5min，即得抗反射涂层。
经过在晶硅太阳能电池正面上涂覆上述抗反射涂料，太阳光的反射率降低至3％以下，效率提高了0.4％以上，极大的提高了太阳能电池片对太阳光的吸收作用。
优选地，上述抗反射涂层的涂层厚度为0.01～10μm，在该厚度下，即可实现多晶电池片效率提高到0.4％以上。
为了更好的体现本发明实施例提供的抗反射涂料及多晶太阳能电池抗反射涂层，下面通过多个实施例进一步说明。
实施例1
本实施例1提供一种抗反射涂料及多晶太阳能电池抗反射涂层，所述抗反射涂料包括重量份的如下组分：
PVB 20份；
硅烷偶联剂改性的纳米氧化铝 10份；
丙二醇单甲醚 70份；
其中，PVB折射率为1.35；纳米氧化铝的粒径为50nm。
包含上述涂料形成的涂层的多晶太阳能电池片的制备方法如下：
将称取的所述20份PVB和50份丙二醇单甲醚投入搅拌釜中搅拌混合均匀得到第一物料；
将经过硅烷偶联剂KH-560处理的10份纳米氧化铝与20份丙二醇单甲醚进行混合处理，得到第二物料；
将所述第一物料和第二物料进行混料处理，得到所述涂料；
将所述涂料涂覆于多晶硅太阳能电池片的SiNx减反层的表面，带式烘干炉160℃烘烤2min，得到包含1μm厚抗反射涂层的多晶硅太阳能电池片。
将本实施例1提供的6片多晶硅太阳能电池片进行涂覆前后效率测试，测试结果如表1所示。
表1 实施例1提供的多晶硅太阳能电池片效率测试数据
从表1可知，在SiNx减反层表面涂覆1μm厚度的抗反射涂层后，效率提高0.41％。
实施例2
本实施例2提供一种抗反射涂料及多晶太阳能电池抗反射涂层，所述抗反射涂料包括重量份的如下组分：
EVA 15份；
硅烷偶联剂改性的纳米氧化硅 20份；
二乙二醇单丁醚 65份；
其中，EVA折射率为1.45；纳米氧化铝的粒径为100nm。
包含上述涂料形成的涂层的多晶太阳能电池片的制备方法如下：
将称取的所述15份EVA和45份二乙二醇单丁醚投入搅拌釜中搅拌混合均匀得到第一物料；
将经过硅烷偶联剂KH-570处理的20份纳米氧化硅与20份二乙二醇单丁醚进行混合处理，得到第二物料；
将所述第一物料和第二物料进行混料处理，得到所述涂料；
将所述涂料涂覆于多晶硅太阳能电池片的SiNx减反层的表面，带式烘干炉180℃烘烤2min，得到包含0.5μm厚抗反射涂层的多晶硅太阳能电池片。
将本实施例2提供的6片多晶硅太阳能电池片进行涂覆前后的效率测试，测试结果如表2所示。
表2 实施例2提供的多晶硅太阳能电池片效率测试数据
从表2可知，在SiNx减反层表面涂覆0.5μm厚度的抗反射涂层后，多晶太阳能电池片的效率提高0.47％。
实施例3
本实施例3提供一种抗反射涂料及多晶太阳能电池抗反射涂层，所述抗反射涂料包括重量份的如下组分：
PMMA 10份；
硅烷偶联剂改性的纳米氧化硅 15份；
戊二酸二甲酯 75份；
其中，PMMA折射率为1.30；纳米氧化铝的粒径为20nm。
包含上述涂料形成的涂层的多晶硅太阳能电池片的制备方法如下：
将称取的所述10份PMMA和60份戊二酸二甲酯投入搅拌釜中搅拌混合均匀得到第一物料；
将经过硅烷偶联剂KH-550处理的15份纳米氧化硅与15份戊二酸二甲酯进行混合处理，得到第二物料；
将所述第一物料和第二物料进行混料处理，得到所述涂料；
将所述涂料涂覆于多晶太阳能电池片的SiNx减反层的表面，带式烘干炉155℃烘烤5min，得到包含1μm厚抗反射涂层的多晶硅太阳能电池片。
将本实施例3提供的6片多晶硅太阳能电池片进行涂覆前后的效率测试，测试结果如表3所示。
表3 实施例3提供的多晶硅太阳能电池片效率测试数据
从表3可知，在SiNx减反层表面涂覆1μm厚度的抗反射涂层后，效率提高0.58％。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换或改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种抗反射涂料，其特征在于：包括重量百分含量的如下组分：
耐候聚合物 0.1～80％；
改性无机纳米粒子 1～90％；
溶剂 8～95％；
其中，耐候聚合物折射率为1.3～1.7。
2.如权利要求1所述的抗反射涂料，其特征在于：包括重量百分含量的如下组分：
耐候聚合物 1～10％；
改性无机纳米粒子 10～30％；
溶剂 65～90％；
其中，耐候聚合物折射率为1.3～1.7。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的抗反射涂料，其特征在于：所述耐候聚合物为聚偏氟乙烯、聚氟乙烯、乙烯-四氟乙烯共聚物、乙烯三氟氯乙烯共聚物、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、聚乙烯缩丁醛、聚烯烃、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、有机硅树脂、环氧树脂、聚氨酯中的至少一种。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的抗反射涂料，其特征在于：所述改性无机纳米粒子为二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化锌的粉体或溶胶中的至少一种，粒径10～1000nm。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的抗反射涂料，其特征在于：所述改性无机纳米粒子的表面改性剂为硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂中的至少一种。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的抗反射涂料，其特征在于：所述溶剂为醇、醚、酯酮、芳香烃、二甲基亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N-乙基-2-吡咯烷酮中的一种或两种以上。
7.一种抗反射涂层，其特征在于：所述抗反射涂层由权利要求1～6任一所述的涂料涂覆在太阳能电池片表面，然后烘干而成。
8.如权利要求7所述的抗反射涂层，其特征在于：所述抗反射涂层的厚度为0.01～20μm。
9.如权利要求7所述的抗反射涂层，其特征在于：所述抗反射涂层的厚度为0.01～10μm。
10.一种晶硅太阳能电池，所述晶硅太阳能电池正面上涂覆有抗反射涂层；所述抗反射涂层为由权利要求1～6任一所述的抗反射涂料涂覆在晶硅太阳能电池正面而成或者为权利要求7～9所述的抗反射涂层。
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