CN108547256B - River course ecology bank slope protection system - Google Patents
River course ecology bank slope protection system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108547256B CN108547256B CN201810426186.5A CN201810426186A CN108547256B CN 108547256 B CN108547256 B CN 108547256B CN 201810426186 A CN201810426186 A CN 201810426186A CN 108547256 B CN108547256 B CN 108547256B
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- bank slope
- anchor
- river
- protection pad
- bearing plate
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 3
- FGRBYDKOBBBPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10,10-dioxo-2-[4-(N-phenylanilino)phenyl]thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound O=C1c2ccccc2S(=O)(=O)c2ccc(cc12)-c1ccc(cc1)N(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 FGRBYDKOBBBPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005552 hardfacing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a river ecological bank slope protection system, which comprises a reverse filter pad and a protection pad which are sequentially paved on a river bank slope, wherein the protection pad and the reverse filter pad are fixed on the bank slope by an anchoring device; the protection pad is woven by mutually perpendicular warp and weft, the protection pad includes a plurality of regular structural units of arranging, and each structural unit is quadrangular, and adjacent structural unit links up each other through the base that corresponds, and the pyramid summit of each structural unit is the supporting part that leans on mutually with bank slope surface, and the base of each structural unit is the buffer part that keeps away from bank slope surface relatively. The river channel ecological bank slope protection system provided by the invention is suitable for ecological restoration of river and lake ecological bank slopes and hydro-fluctuation belts, can effectively reduce erosion of water surface waves, traveling waves, stormy waves, rainwater runoffs and the like to the bank slopes and the hydro-fluctuation belts, permanently protects soil from the natural ability of erosion, and is beneficial to evolution of the ecological system of the river channel bank slopes or the hydro-fluctuation belts to a natural state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of river channel ecological slopes and hydro-fluctuation belts, in particular to a river channel ecological bank slope protection system and a hydro-fluctuation belt ecological restoration system.
Background
The natural bank slopes of rivers and lakes are easily eroded by the rain runoff, water flow and waves, so that the bank slopes are easily degraded, sediment is deposited and the aquatic environment is seriously damaged due to water and soil loss, and particularly, the erosion situation of a reservoir area hydro-fluctuation belt is more serious.
Conventional bank slope restoration generally adopts hard bank protection, such as stone masonry, concrete masonry, gabion, geotechnical bags and the like, and although the conventional engineering measures can control soil erosion to a certain extent, the ecological restoration function is imperfect. Vegetation is planted on a bank slope or a hydro-fluctuation belt to keep water and soil, but the vegetation is often not subjected to water flow scouring and wave erosion, and sustainable evolution and restoration of the ecological environment of the bank are not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a river ecological bank slope protection system which has simple structure and quick construction, can effectively control the erosion of waves on a river and a lake bank slope, reduce water loss, relieve overload pressure born by the bank slope ecological system and is beneficial to the evolution of the ecological system of the bank slope or a hydro-fluctuation belt to a natural state.
A river ecological bank slope protection system comprises a reverse filtering pad and a protection pad which are sequentially paved on a river bank slope, wherein the protection pad and the reverse filtering pad are fixed on the bank slope by an anchoring device;
the protection pad is woven by mutually perpendicular warp and weft, the protection pad includes a plurality of regular structural units of arranging, and each structural unit is quadrangular, and adjacent structural unit links up each other through the base that corresponds, and the pyramid summit of each structural unit is the supporting part that leans on mutually with bank slope surface, and the base of each structural unit is the buffer part that keeps away from bank slope surface relatively.
The reverse filter pad is made of polypropylene fibers, allows water to pass through, does not allow particles such as soil to pass through, and has the characteristic of water permeability and blockage prevention after long-term use.
The river bank slope comprises but is not limited to a soil bank slope of a river or a lake and a harder rock surface, and is also applicable to other application scenes with similar characteristics.
The protection pad is woven by warp and weft, except the erosion that can support against rivers, can guarantee the intercommunication in protection pad both sides space through the clearance of warp and weft, when protecting the plant seedling, do not hinder vegetation, be favorable to establishing vegetation on river bank slope.
Because of the shape of the woven structure, each structural element in the pad is not strictly quadrangular, allowing for a small bending deformation at the edges, and the faces of the pyramid are not strictly planar, allowing for a small bending deformation.
Adjacent structural units are mutually connected through corresponding bottom edges, the protection pad is provided with a fluctuation structure relative to the river channel bank slope surface, the fluctuation structure comprises wave troughs relatively close to the bank slope surface and wave crests relatively far away from the bank slope surface, the supporting parts are used as the wave troughs, and the buffer parts are wave crests.
Except the mutually staggered weaving structures, other fixing structures do not exist between each warp and each weft, and when the warp and each weft are subjected to hydraulic impact or other external force impact, the warp and each weft can mutually slide to generate deformation so as to offset impact force.
In the weaving process of the protection pad, the tension of the warp and the weft is controlled, or the thread taking-up mechanism is utilized to form the rectangular pyramid structure of each structural unit, so that no additional heat is required to be applied.
After the buffer parts of the adjacent structural units are connected with each other, a buffer cavity is formed between the buffer parts and the reverse filtering pad, and when the bank slope is impacted by hydraulic impact or other external force, the impact force of water can be partially counteracted through deformation of the buffer parts, so that the bank slope is protected.
Except that the protection pad can resist the impact of water power and other external forces, the net structure woven by warps and wefts can form a protection effect on vegetation and soil, is favorable for enhancing the development of nutrient roots and nutrient stems, improves the attachment capacity of natural vegetation, and resists stronger water power impact on stable slopes, river banks and river channels.
The net structure woven by the warp and the weft not only can reduce the flow rate of water and reduce the scouring action on plant roots, but also can remove particle pollutants through the actions of precipitation, soil infiltration and the like, so that the attractiveness of the bank slope is maintained.
The protection pad can prevent the erosion of water power to shore slope soil, stabilizes soil simultaneously, can be used to rainwater detention pond, cistern, small-size open channel, drainage ditch, river bank, coast and runoff conveying system. The protection pad can also be used for modifying the existing hard facing system, can improve aesthetic effect besides improving water quality, and is particularly suitable for soil-barren areas.
The distance between the buffer part and the support part determines the distance between the buffer part and the surface of the bank slope, and influences the buffer performance to a certain extent, and in order to ensure the impact effect of external force such as the abutting water power, preferably, the distance between the buffer part and the support part is 5-10 mm in the thickness direction of the protection pad.
Preferably, each structural unit is woven from at least 20 warp yarns and at least 20 weft yarns.
The number of the warp threads and the weft threads of each structural unit determines the grid density of each structural unit to a certain extent, and each structural unit needs to maintain certain supporting strength to resist the impact of external force, and meanwhile, each warp thread and each weft thread has certain shape recovery capability after the external force is withdrawn.
Preferably, the structural units are continuously arranged along the extending directions of the warp and the weft, respectively, and the warp and the weft are interwoven with each other at the edge line part of the rectangular pyramid.
Each structural unit is respectively arranged along a straight line on the warp and the weft, and the warp and the weft are mutually interwoven at the edge line part of the rectangular pyramid so as to form and support the rectangular pyramid structure.
In the case of knitting, each warp yarn is usually one fiber, each weft yarn is one fiber, and in a special case, two or more fibers may be used in parallel as one warp yarn or one weft yarn, for example, warp yarn and weft yarn which need to pass through the apex of a pyramid.
The warp and weft are natural or synthetic fibers, and in order to ensure the service life of the protection pad, preferably, the warp and weft are non-degradable synthetic fibers. Further preferably, the warp and the weft each adopt at least one of polypropylene fiber, polyethylene fiber, nylon fiber and polyester fiber. Most preferably, the warp and weft are polypropylene fibers.
The warp and weft may be made of the same fiber or different fibers.
In order to secure durability of the protective pad, it is preferable that a flame retardant and an ultraviolet stabilizer are added to each of the warp and weft.
The protection pad can resist the erosion of chemistry, physics, biology and ultraviolet ray, and the plant grows on river course bank slope, receives the guard action of protection pad simultaneously, avoids being washed away by rivers.
The protective pad has high tensile modulus and ultraviolet degradation resistance, and is inert to chemical substances in soil. The protection pad is different from a temporarily used anti-erosion product, can permanently protect plant seeds and soil on the surface of a bank slope, improves germination rate, and assists in establishing permanent vegetation.
The protection pad is suitable for being used under various climatic conditions, can be applied to most places needing long-time erosion control, and can be used for assisting in building natural vegetation even in arid, semiarid and high-altitude areas with limited nutrient growth and slow or difficult vegetation building.
The protection pad is required to have a certain strength, preferably, the protection pad has a longitudinal tensile strength of not less than 58KN/m and a transverse tensile strength of not less than 45KN/m.
The longitudinal and transverse directions are relative concepts, i.e. the tensile strength in one direction is not less than 58KN/m and the tensile strength in the other direction is not less than 45KN/m. In actual use, the transverse direction (i.e., the direction of lesser tensile strength) is parallel to the horizontal plane.
Preferably, the warp threads and the weft threads are separated from one another on the pyramid sides of the individual structural units.
The fact that the warp threads and the weft threads are separated from each other on the side surface of the pyramid with respect to the bottom surface of the pyramid means that the warp threads and the weft threads extend independently from each other on the side surface of the pyramid without a structure of being staggered up and down with respect to each other.
Preferably, the diameters of the warp and weft are each 0.4mm to 1.0mm. Further preferably, the diameters of the warp and weft are each 0.4mm to 0.8mm. The diameters of the warp and the weft are respectively
0.5mm～0.6mm。
The diameters of the warp and weft may be the same or different, preferably the diameters of the warp and weft are the same.
The bank slope described in the present invention does not strictly refer to river banks and reservoir banks, and is used to refer generally to a slope land adjacent to water and possibly impacted by water power. The protection pad is fixed on the surface of the bank slope by selecting a proper anchoring device according to the specific soil property and slope conditions of the site.
Preferably, two grooves extending along the horizontal direction are arranged on the river bank slope, the two grooves are respectively positioned below the lowest water level and above the highest water level, and the upper and lower edges of the reverse filter pad and the protection pad extend into the corresponding grooves and are fixed at the bottoms of the grooves through the anchoring device.
One groove is positioned below the lowest water level, the other groove is positioned above the highest water level, and the upper edge and the lower edge of the reverse filter pad and the protection pad are hidden and fixed in the grooves, so that water flow erosion is avoided.
Preferably, the distance between two adjacent anchoring means is 0.8-1.2 m.
The anchoring device can adopt the prior art, and can also adopt the following preferred structure aiming at the soil bank slope.
Preferably, the anchoring device comprises: an anchor head embedded into the soil body of the bank slope, a bearing plate attached to the protection pad and an anchor cable connected between the anchor head and the bearing plate;
one end of the anchor rope is hinged with the anchor head, the other end of the anchor rope penetrates through the bearing plate, a locking device for locking the position of the anchor rope is arranged on the bearing plate, and in a working state, the anchor head and the bearing plate are pulled to be close to each other through the tensioning force of the anchor rope so as to clamp and stabilize soil.
The bearing plate contacts the protection pad to connect and reinforce the protection pad and the shallow soil body of the river bank slope.
When the anchor rod is used, the anchor head is beaten into the soil body by the guide rod to pull the anchor rope, the anchor head is embedded in the soil body after rotating in the soil body, the anchor rope penetrates through the bearing plate, the position of the anchor rope is locked by the locking device, and the anchor head and the bearing plate are mutually close to each other to clamp and stabilize the soil body under the traction of the anchor rope.
One end of the anchor cable is hinged with the anchor head, namely, the anchor head and the anchor cable can rotate relatively, and the anchor head can rotate in a soil body when the anchor cable is pulled.
When the anchor cable is a flexible anchor cable, the anchor cable is connected with the anchor head by a point, and the anchor head rotates around the connecting point to realize the hinging effect. When the anchor cable is a rigid anchor cable, the anchor cable is hinged with the anchor head through a rotating shaft.
Preferably, the anchor cable is a flexible anchor cable, and one end of the anchor cable is fixedly connected to the middle part of the anchor head.
In order to ensure that the anchor head can rotate when the anchor cable is pulled, the anchor head can be stabilized in soil after rotating, the connection part of the anchor cable and the anchor head is not suitable to be arranged at the end part of the anchor head, but is arranged in the middle part, the middle part of the anchor head is not strictly limited to be a midpoint, but is a certain area containing the midpoint, and the specific position is selected according to the shape of the anchor head.
Preferably, the anchor head comprises an anchor head body, the anchor head body is rod-shaped, a channel extending along the axis of the rod body is arranged in the anchor head body, one end of the anchor head body is open to the channel, and the other end of the anchor head body is closed to the channel and gradually converged to form a penetrating end.
When the anchor head is inserted into the soil body by the guide rod, the guide rod is matched in the channel, and the anchor head is inserted into the soil body by the force applied by the guide rod. The piercing end forms a pointed tip to facilitate penetration of earth or slope reinforcement material.
In order to improve stability of the anchor head embedded in the soil, preferably, a wing plate for applying force to the soil is fixed on the anchor head body, and the wing plate is parallel to the axis of the anchor head body.
Under the working condition, the wing plates are approximately parallel to the bearing plate, the wing plates can increase the force application area of the anchor head side soil body, and the range of stabilizing the soil body by a single anchoring device can be expanded.
Preferably, the two wing plates are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the anchor head body. The wing plate and the anchor head body can be of an integrated structure.
In order to further reduce the resistance to penetration into the soil, the penetration end of the anchor head body is preferably provided with a plurality of resistance-reducing guide grooves. The soil moves to the two sides of the penetrating end under the action of the guide groove, so that the force is prevented from being applied to the front surface of the penetrating end.
Preferably, the locking device includes:
the support is arranged on the bearing plate, and the support and the bearing plate are provided with anchor cable channels which are mutually communicated;
the guide channel is arranged in the support, and gradually approaches to and is communicated with the anchor cable channel from one side of the bearing plate away from the protection pad to one side of the bearing plate close to the protection pad;
the locking block is positioned in the guide channel and acts with the anchor cable;
and a spring positioned in the guide channel for applying force to the locking block to fix the anchor cable.
The locking device only allows the anchor cable to pass through in one direction, namely, the anchor cable can pass through the locking device along a single direction, and the anchor cable is locked by the locking device when passing through in the opposite direction. In the invention, when the anchor cable is pulled to enable the anchor head and the bearing plate to be close to each other, the anchor cable can pass through the locking device freely, and the anchor cable is locked when the anchor head and the bearing plate are far away from each other in the opposite direction, namely, the space between the anchor head and the bearing plate is kept through the locking device.
The invention limits the passing direction of the anchor cable through the relative position relation between the guide channel and the anchor cable channel, and specifically comprises the following steps:
when the anchor rope pulls the anchor head to approach the bearing plate, the anchor rope pushes the locking block to move, the locking block compresses the spring and retreats into the guide channel, and the anchor rope can automatically pass through;
when the anchor cable moves in the opposite direction (when the anchor head and the bearing plate are far away from each other, the moving direction of the anchor cable) and the locking block moves along with the anchor cable and gradually approaches the anchor cable under the action of the guide channel until the anchor cable is pressed against the side wall of the anchor cable channel, namely, the locking block and the side wall of the anchor cable channel are mutually matched to clamp the anchor cable, so that the displacement of the anchor cable is prevented.
Preferably, a limiting part for blocking the locking block is arranged at one end of the guide channel, which is communicated with the anchor cable channel.
The limiting part is used for blocking the locking block and preventing the locking block from falling from the guide channel and the anchor cable channel.
Preferably, the locking block is spherical, one end of the spring is fixedly connected with the locking block, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected with the support.
When the spherical locking block acts with the anchor cable, the acting direction does not need to be considered, and the damage to the anchor cable in other modes except abrasion can be avoided. One end of the spring far away from the locking block is fixedly connected with the support.
Preferably, the carrier plate includes: the anti-skid protection device comprises a polygonal frame and spokes for connecting the center and the vertex of the frame, wherein a plurality of anti-skid protruding points are arranged on one side of the bearing plate, which is close to the protection pad.
The tensioning force of the anchor cable is diffused through the spokes, so that the acting force range of the bearing plate on the soil body is increased. The sliding of the bearing plate relative to the soil body is avoided through the anti-skid convex points.
All parts of the anchoring device are made of corrosion-resistant and durable materials so as to meet the long-term use requirement of engineering.
The river ecological bank slope protection system provided by the invention is suitable for ecological restoration of river and lake ecological bank slopes and hydro-fluctuation belts, can effectively reduce erosion of water surface waves, traveling waves, stormy waves, rainwater runoffs and the like to the bank slopes and the hydro-fluctuation belts, enhances the erosion resistance of the river bank slopes by protecting plant stems and root systems before vegetation is restored, reduces the erosion fatigue resistance of plants, permanently protects soil from the natural ability of erosion, and is favorable for the ecological system of the river bank slopes or the hydro-fluctuation belts to evolve to a natural state.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a river channel ecological bank slope protection system of the present invention;
FIG. 1a is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 1B is an enlarged view of portion B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a protection mat in the river ecological bank slope protection system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a structural unit of a protection mat in the river ecological bank slope protection system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of warp or weft of the protection mat in the river ecological bank slope protection system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an anchoring device in the river course ecological bank slope protection system of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of an anchor head of an anchor device in a river course ecological bank slope protection system of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of an anchor head of an anchor device in a river course ecological bank slope protection system of the present invention;
FIG. 8a is a schematic view of a carrier plate of an anchor device in a river course ecological bank slope protection system of the present invention;
FIG. 8b is a schematic view of another angle of the bearing plate of the anchoring device in the river course ecological bank slope protection system of the present invention;
fig. 9a to 9d are flowcharts of operation when the anchoring device in the river ecological bank slope protection system of the present invention is used.
In the figure: 1. an anchor head; 1a, an anchor head body; 1b, connecting plates; 1c, wing plates; 1d, a channel; 1e, connecting holes; 1f, a guide groove; 2. an anchor cable; 3. a carrying plate; 3a, a frame; 3b, spokes; 3c, anti-skid convex points; 4. a locking device; 4a, locking blocks; 4b, a guide channel; 4c, a base; 4d, a spring; 4e, a top cover; 4f, a limiting part; 5. an anchor cable channel; 6. a guide rod; 7a, grooves; 7b, grooves; 8. an anchoring device; 9. a protective pad; 10. and a reverse filter pad.
Detailed Description
The river channel ecological bank slope protection system is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, 1a and 1b, the river ecological bank slope protection system comprises a reverse filter pad 10 and a protection pad 9 which are sequentially paved on a river bank slope, and the protection pad 9 and the reverse filter pad 10 are fixed on the bank slope by using an anchoring device 8.
Two grooves extending along the horizontal direction are arranged on the river bank slope, wherein the groove 7a is positioned below the lowest water level L, the groove 7b is positioned above the highest water level H, and the upper and lower edges of the reverse filter pad 10 and the protection pad 9 extend into the corresponding grooves and are fixed at the bottoms of the grooves through the anchoring devices 8. The distance between two adjacent anchoring devices 8 is 0.8-1.2 m.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the protection pad 9 is woven by warp and weft which are perpendicular to each other, and the protection pad 9 includes a plurality of regularly arranged structural units.
As shown in fig. 2, each structural unit is in a quadrangular pyramid shape, five points A, B, C, D, E in the drawing are endpoints of one structural unit, wherein a plane formed by A, B, C, D is a bottom surface of a quadrangular pyramid (the bottom surface can be rectangular or square), a point E is a pyramid vertex of the quadrangular pyramid, the point E is not located on the bottom surface of the quadrangular pyramid, in a use state, the point E abuts against a bank slope surface to serve as a supporting portion, the point A, B, C, D is relatively far away from the bank slope surface, and sides AB, BC, CD and DA serve as buffering portions.
The side faces of the rectangular pyramid are woven by warps and wefts, and the bottom face of the rectangular pyramid is free of a solid warp and weft woven structure, and is limited by the space positions of the side faces of the rectangular pyramid.
The distance between the point E and the bottom surface of the rectangular pyramid is the distance between the buffer part and the supporting part, and the distance between the buffer part and the supporting part is 5-10 mm.
Each structural unit is continuously arranged along the extension direction of the warp and the weft, and adjacent structural units are mutually connected through corresponding bottom edges.
The warp and the weft are respectively woven by polypropylene fibers, and a flame retardant and an ultraviolet stabilizer are added in the polypropylene fibers. Polyethylene fibers, nylon fibers, or polyester fibers may also be used for the warp and weft.
The longitudinal tensile strength of the protection pad 9 is not less than 58KN/m, and the transverse tensile strength is not less than 45KN/m.
The woven structure of one of the structural elements is shown in fig. 3, in which the broken line is not the structure of the protection pad 9, but merely for ease of understanding the structural element by reference. A. The five points B, C, D, E are the end points of one structural unit, wherein the plane formed by A, B, C, D is the bottom surface of a rectangular pyramid, and the intersection point E of the line AC (i.e. the line connecting the points A and C) and the line BD (i.e. the line connecting the points B and D) is the pyramid vertex of the rectangular pyramid.
The warp threads and the weft threads are separated from each other on the prismatic sides of the structural unit, and the warp threads and the weft threads are interwoven with each other at the ridge line parts of the rectangular pyramid, i.e. on the lines AC and BD.
The interweaving of the warp and the weft means that the warp and the weft change the up-down relationship at least once at the ridge (the warp covers the weft, the warp is above and the weft is below), for example, on one of the pyramid sides, the warp is above the weft, on the adjacent pyramid side (the adjacent pyramid sides refer to two pyramid sides sharing one ridge), the warp is below the weft, and the number of times the warp and the weft change the up-down relationship at the ridge is an odd number. In this embodiment, the number of times of changing the vertical relationship between the warp and the weft is 3, that is, in the point BCE area, the warp is located above the weft, and in the ridge BE, the warp is located below the weft with respect to the weft, respectively.
In the area surrounded by the points B, F (the vertices of the rectangular pyramid of the adjacent structural units) and C, E, the warp distance in the EF direction is relatively short, so that the weft extending in the BC direction is raised relatively to form the side surface of the rectangular pyramid, that is, EF and BC are different-plane straight lines, and the distance between the EF and BC is the distance between the buffer part and the support part.
The structure of the protection pad 9 can also be understood from another angle, as shown in fig. 4, the warp threads and the weft threads perpendicular to each other in the protection pad 9 are all arranged in a wavy structure with undulation as shown in fig. 4 (each circle represents a cross section of one warp thread or weft thread, the number of circles is only schematic, and does not represent the actual number, the distance H between the peaks and valleys of the warp threads and the weft threads, that is, the distance between the supporting portion and the buffer portion, that is, the thickness of the protection pad 9), and the warp threads and the weft threads are interwoven at the intersecting portions, that is, the ridge portions of the rectangular pyramid.
Each structural unit is formed by weaving 20 warps and 20 wefts, and the diameters of the warps and the wefts are respectively 0.5-0.6 mm.
As shown in fig. 5, the anchoring device 8 includes: the anchor head 1 embedded in the soil body, the bearing plate 3 abutted against the protection pad 9 and the anchor cable 2 connected between the anchor head 1 and the bearing plate 3.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the anchor head 1 includes an anchor head body 1a, and a connection plate 1b connected to the anchor head body 1 a.
The anchor head body 1a is approximately rod-shaped, a channel 1d extending along the axis of the rod body is arranged in the anchor head body 1a, one end of the anchor head body 1a is opened, the other end is closed, the channel 1d is closed, and the penetrating end is formed by gradual convergence.
As shown in fig. 6, the end of the penetrating end is substantially tapered, and three guide grooves 1f for reducing resistance are provided in parallel with each other on the penetrating end, each of the guide grooves 1f extending in the axial direction of the anchor head body 1 a. The end face of the anchor head body 1a remote from the piercing end is arranged obliquely with respect to the axis of the anchor head body 1 a.
As shown in fig. 6, the plane of the connecting plate 1b is parallel to the axial direction of the anchor head body 1a, a connecting hole 1e is arranged on the connecting plate 1b, and the connecting hole 1e is positioned in the middle of the anchor head body 1 a. The connecting plate 1b and the anchor head body 1a are of an integrated structure.
The anchor cable 2 is a flexible anchor cable 2, and the end part of the anchor cable 2 penetrates through the connecting hole 1e and is knotted, namely, the anchor cable 2 and the connecting plate 1b are fixedly connected in a winding and knotting mode.
As another embodiment of the anchor head 1, as shown in fig. 7, two wings 1c for applying force to soil are fixed on the anchor head body 1a, the wings 1c are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the anchor head body 1a, the edges of the wings 1c are smooth, and the wings 1c are parallel to the axis of the anchor head body 1 a. The anchor head body 1a, the connecting plate 1b and the wing plate 1c are of an integrated structure.
As shown in fig. 8a and 8b, the carrying plate 3 includes a regular hexagonal frame 3a and spokes 3b connecting the vertices and the center of the regular hexagon, and a triangular hollow area is defined between each spoke 3b and the corresponding frame 3 a.
As shown in fig. 8b, four anti-slip bumps 3c are provided on one side of each spoke 3b, which is abutted against the protection pad 9, and the anti-slip bumps 3c are arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the spoke 3 b.
As shown in fig. 8a and 8b, a locking device 4 is fixed in the middle of the carrier plate 3, and as shown in fig. 5, the locking device 4 includes: the anchor cable 2 is fixed by the support fixed in the middle of the bearing plate 3, the guide channel 4b arranged in the support, the locking block 4a which is positioned in the guide channel 4b and acts with the anchor cable 2, and the spring 4d which is positioned in the guide channel 4b and applies acting force to the locking block 4a to fix the anchor cable 2.
The support is equipped with the anchor rope passageway 5 of intercommunication each other with loading board 3, and direction passageway 4b is linked together with anchor rope passageway 5, and from loading board 3 keep away from protection pad 9 one side to lean on protection pad 9 one side (i.e. the arrow in the figure indicates the direction), and direction passageway 4b is close to anchor rope passageway 5 gradually and communicates with anchor rope passageway 5, and the one end that direction passageway 4b and anchor rope passageway 5 communicate is equipped with the spacing portion 4f that blocks latch segment 4 a.
The support comprises a base 4c and a top cover 4e, the base 4c and the bearing plate 3 are of an integrated structure, and the top cover 4e and the base 4c are matched to enclose a guide channel 4b. The base 4c is located on the side of the bearing plate 3 facing the protection pad 9, and the top cover 4e is settled on the side of the bearing plate 3 away from the protection pad 9.
The locking block 4a is spherical, one end of the spring 4d is fixedly connected with the top cover 4e, and the other end of the spring is fixedly connected with the locking block 4 a.
The anchor cable 2, the anchor head 1 and the bearing plate 3 are all made of durable and corrosion-resistant materials.
The construction process of the anchoring device 8 is as shown in fig. 9a to 9 d:
(1) The guide rod 6 is inserted into a channel 1d of the anchor head body 1a, the anchor head 1 is inserted into the underground design depth by adopting a vibration driving method, and the anchor head 1 sequentially penetrates through the protection pad 9, the reverse filtering pad 10 and the soil body;
(2) The guide rod 6 is taken out, the anchor rope 2 passes through the bearing plate 3 and the anchor rope channel 5 in the locking device 4, the anchor rope 2 is tensioned by a tensioner, and the anchor head 1 rotates in the soil body along the arrow shown in figure 9 c;
(3) After the anchor cable 2 is tensioned, the redundant length of the anchor cable 2 is sheared, the operation is completed, and the anchor head 1 and the bearing plate 3 are pulled to be close to each other by the tensioning force of the anchor cable 2 so as to clamp and fix the protection pad 9 and the reverse filtering pad 10 and stabilize the soil body.
Modifications and variations of the above embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, but some modifications and changes of the invention should be also included in the scope of the claims of the invention. In addition, although specific terms are used in the present specification, these terms are for convenience of description only and do not limit the present invention in any way.
Claims (10)
1. The river ecological bank slope protection system is characterized by comprising a reverse filtering pad and a protection pad which are sequentially paved on a river bank slope, wherein the protection pad and the reverse filtering pad are fixed on the bank slope by an anchoring device;
the protection pad is woven by mutually perpendicular warp and weft, the protection pad includes a plurality of regular structural units of arranging, and each structural unit is quadrangular, and adjacent structural unit links up each other through the base that corresponds, and the pyramid summit of each structural unit is the supporting part that leans on mutually with bank slope surface, and the base of each structural unit is the buffer part that keeps away from bank slope surface relatively.
2. The riverway ecological bank slope protection system as set forth in claim 1, wherein the anchoring means includes: an anchor head embedded into the soil body of the bank slope, a bearing plate attached to the protection pad and an anchor cable connected between the anchor head and the bearing plate;
one end of the anchor rope is hinged with the anchor head, the other end of the anchor rope penetrates through the bearing plate, a locking device for locking the position of the anchor rope is arranged on the bearing plate, and in a working state, the anchor head and the bearing plate are pulled to be close to each other through the tensioning force of the anchor rope so as to clamp and stabilize soil.
3. The river course ecological bank slope protection system of claim 1, wherein two grooves extending along the horizontal direction are arranged on the river course bank slope, the two grooves are respectively positioned below the lowest water level and above the highest water level, and the upper and lower edges of the reverse filter pad and the protection pad extend into the corresponding grooves and are fixed at the bottoms of the grooves through the anchoring device.
4. The river course ecological bank slope protection system of claim 1, wherein the distance between two adjacent anchoring devices is 0.8-1.2 m.
5. The river ecology bank slope protection system of claim 1, wherein the buffer portion is spaced from the support portion by a distance of 5-10 mm in a thickness direction of the protection pad.
6. The river course ecological bank slope protection system of claim 1, wherein each structural unit is continuously arranged along the extension direction of the warp and the weft, respectively, and the warp and the weft are interwoven with each other at the ridge line part of the rectangular pyramid.
7. The river ecology bank slope protection system of claim 2 wherein the anchor cable is a flexible anchor cable having one end fixedly connected to the middle of the anchor head.
8. The riverway ecological bank slope protection system as set forth in claim 2, wherein the locking device includes:
the support is arranged on the bearing plate, and the support and the bearing plate are provided with anchor cable channels which are mutually communicated;
the guide channel is arranged in the support, and gradually approaches to and is communicated with the anchor cable channel from one side of the bearing plate away from the protection pad to one side of the bearing plate close to the protection pad;
the locking block is positioned in the guide channel and acts with the anchor cable;
and a spring positioned in the guide channel for applying force to the locking block to fix the anchor cable.
9. The river ecology bank slope protection system of claim 8 wherein the locking block is spherical, one end of the spring is fixedly connected with the locking block, and the other end is fixedly connected with the support.
10. The riverway ecological bank slope protection system as set forth in claim 2, wherein the carrier plate includes: the anti-skid protection device comprises a polygonal frame and spokes for connecting the center and the vertex of the frame, wherein a plurality of anti-skid protruding points are arranged on one side of the bearing plate, which is close to the protection pad.
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| CN201810426186.5A CN108547256B (en) | 2018-05-07 | 2018-05-07 | River course ecology bank slope protection system |
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| CN201810426186.5A CN108547256B (en) | 2018-05-07 | 2018-05-07 | River course ecology bank slope protection system |
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| CN109258211A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-01-25 | 四川靓固科技集团有限公司 | One kind being used for river and lake boundary falling zone protection against erosion modernization system and laying method |
| CN114197393B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-08-08 | 浙江工业大学 | Anti-filtering layer-based hydro-fluctuation belt slope ecological treatment method |
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