CN108424534A - 一种能够溶解聚乙二醇的低共熔溶剂及其溶解方法 - Google Patents
一种能够溶解聚乙二醇的低共熔溶剂及其溶解方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- JAWTVJKIBRFPKC-UHFFFAOYSA-L [Cl-].[Zn+2].C(CO)O.[Cl-] Chemical compound [Cl-].[Zn+2].C(CO)O.[Cl-] JAWTVJKIBRFPKC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- OASOQJKCZXXDMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.OCCO OASOQJKCZXXDMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010129 solution processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC NHGXDBSUJJNIRV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 2
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- JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC JRMUNVKIHCOMHV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC HWCKGOZZJDHMNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC YMBCJWGVCUEGHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 229940126680 traditional chinese medicines Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种能够溶解聚乙二醇的低共熔溶剂及其溶解方法,其中低共熔溶剂是以氯化锌作为氢键受体、乙二醇作为氢键供体。本发明低共熔溶剂可以在无水环境下以较大的溶解度溶解聚乙二醇。本发明低共熔溶剂原料价廉易得、无毒无害;溶解方法简单高效、绿色环保;聚乙二醇‑氯化锌‑乙二醇溶液体系在催化、相转移、电化学等方面具有良好的应用前景,尤其适合要求无水条件下的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种能够溶解高分子的新型绿色溶剂,特别涉及一种能够溶解聚乙二醇的低共熔溶剂及其溶解方法。
背景技术
能够溶解高分子聚合物的溶剂是聚合物材料溶液加工的基础。绿色溶剂中的聚合物加工是材料加工领域的一个重要发展方向。
近年来出现的一种绿色溶剂-低共熔溶剂具有合成简单、性质可调、不挥发、性质稳定、毒性低和可再生等优点正在逐渐成为聚合物材料溶液加工中一个重要的溶剂选择。然而,关于能够溶解合成聚合物的低共熔溶剂的公开报道寥寥无几,严重阻碍了该领域的发展。陈正飞等人报道了聚乙二醇溶解在烷基溴化铵盐与甘油或者乙二醇形成的低共熔溶剂中。然而,烷基溴化铵盐合成过程复杂,原料有毒,且成本较贵。张红梅等人报道了四丁基氯化铵、四丁基溴化铵、四乙基氯化铵和四乙基溴化铵与分子量为200-4000的聚乙二醇形成低共熔溶剂用于双水相高效分离RNA,但是该低共熔溶剂的合成过程需要加入少量去离子水。经过对高分子聚合物和低共熔溶剂的大规模筛选,我们发现由氯化锌和乙二醇组成的低共熔溶剂对分子量范围在200-20000的聚乙二醇具有优良的溶解能力。在333.15K温度下,氯化锌-乙二醇低共熔溶剂能够溶解约30wt%的分子量为20000的聚乙二醇。
目前,聚乙二醇(Polyethylene glycol或PEG)在催化、相转移、电化学等方面具有重要的作用。而且该聚乙二醇-氯化锌-乙二醇溶液体系具有无水的特点,特别适合于要求无水条件下的应用。聚乙二醇是一种良好的相转移剂,而且该氯化锌-乙二醇低共熔溶剂对于金属和金属氧化物具有较高的溶解度,由此可以设计出优化的新型催化剂-相转移反应。另外,聚乙二醇在氯化锌-乙二醇低共熔溶剂中的优良的溶解性也可以作为基于该低共熔溶剂的乳液稳定表面活性剂设计与开发的出发点与依据。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种能够溶解聚乙二醇的低共熔溶剂及其溶解方法。使用该低共熔溶剂和溶解方法能够在无水环境下大量溶解聚乙二醇,具有操作简单,过程绿色清洁无污染等优点;而且该聚乙二醇-低共熔溶剂体系在催化、相转移、电化学和基于低共熔溶剂的乳液等领域具有较好应用前景。
本发明中,能够溶解聚乙二醇的低共熔溶剂是以氯化锌作为氢键受体、以乙二醇作为氢键供体获得的。该低共熔溶剂能够在无水环境下溶解聚乙二醇。
利用本发明低共熔溶剂溶解聚乙二醇的方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:氯化锌、乙二醇和聚乙二醇分别通过真空干燥箱进行干燥;
步骤2:称取氯化锌和乙二醇并混合,置于373.15K下搅拌直至形成透明的均一溶液,即得低共熔溶剂;
步骤3:向步骤2所得低共熔溶剂中加入聚乙二醇,置于333.15K下搅拌直至形成透明的均一溶液即可。
步骤2中,氯化锌与乙二醇的摩尔比为1:2~1:8。
步骤3中,聚乙二醇的分子量为200-20000。
对于聚乙二醇-氯化锌-乙二醇溶液体系的表征:密度测定使用25mL比重瓶(国药化学试剂);电导率测定使用EC-1800TDS电导率仪(冀申科技);粘度测定使用NDJ-5S旋转粘度计(上海昌吉地质仪器);熔点测定使用Q2000差示扫描量热法(TA);功能组测定使用Nicolet67傅里叶红外光谱仪分析(美国Thermo Nicolet)。
表征结果包括:对于聚乙二醇-氯化锌-乙二醇溶液体系的密度随温度的升高而线性降低,随聚乙二醇的质量含量增加而降低;电导率和粘度与温度的关系符合阿伦尼乌斯公式,随聚乙二醇的质量含量增大,电导率减小,粘度增大;DSC结果表明聚乙二醇-氯化锌-乙二醇溶液体系的熔点比各个纯组分的熔点都低,说明聚乙二醇溶解在氯化锌-乙二醇低共熔溶剂中形成了三元低共熔溶剂;红外光谱测试结果表明体系内无新的相互作用形成,这可能是因为氢键作用相互“掩盖”的结果。
本发明在氯化锌-乙二醇低共熔溶剂中,加入不同质量分数和分子量的聚乙二醇,形成均相溶液体系,并进行相关的表征。本发明的原料价廉易得,溶解方法简单,能够替代传统的有毒有害的有机溶剂。本发明寻找到一种能够溶解高分子的新型绿色溶剂,对于高分子的溶液加工具有重要作用。此外,聚乙二醇还是一种良好的相转移剂,而低共熔溶剂对一些金属及金属氧化物具有良好的溶解作用,所以该聚乙二醇-氯化锌-乙二醇体系在催化、相转移、电化学等方面也具有良好的应用前景。
本发明与现有技术相比,有益效果体现在:
1、该低共熔溶剂的原料氯化锌和乙二醇价廉易得且无毒无害,相比现有技术具有更好的“绿色”特性。
2、本发明的聚乙二醇-氯化锌-乙二醇溶液属于无水体系,特别适合于要求无水条件下的应用。
3、与有机溶剂相比,该低共熔溶剂性质具有性质稳定、挥发低、毒性低、且性质可调等优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1-4,在温度为333.15K时,氯化锌与乙二醇在不同摩尔比(1:8、1:6、1:4、1:2)时对PEG(Mw=20000、6000、1000)的溶解度。
具体实施方式
实施例1:聚乙二醇(Mw=200/1000/6000/20000)溶解于摩尔比为1:2的氯化锌-乙二醇低共熔溶剂
按氯化锌-乙二醇的摩尔比为1:2称取一定量的药品加入到100mL的螺口瓶中,将螺口瓶放置在373.15K的烘箱中,直至形成均一澄清透明的液体,即为低共熔溶剂;待冷却后,向所形成的低共熔溶剂中分别加入不同质量分数和分子量的聚乙二醇,在333.15K的烘箱中持续加热,适当摇动螺口瓶,直到均一透明的溶液形成,室温下溶液性质稳定。聚乙二醇(Mw=200)可以与氯化锌-乙二醇(1:2)任意比互溶,可溶解聚乙二醇(Mw=1000)40wt%,聚乙二醇(Mw=6000)34wt%,聚乙二醇(Mw=20000)30wt%。
实施例2:聚乙二醇(Mw=200/1000/6000/20000)溶解于摩尔比为1:4的氯化锌-乙二醇低共熔溶剂
按氯化锌-乙二醇的摩尔比为1:4称取一定量的药品加入到100mL的螺口瓶中。将螺口瓶放置在373.15K的烘箱中,直至形成均一澄清透明的液体,即为低共熔溶剂;待冷却后,向所形成的低共熔溶剂中分别加入不同质量分数和分子量的聚乙二醇,在333.15K的烘箱中持续加热,适当摇动螺口瓶,直到均一透明的溶液形成,室温下溶液性质稳定。聚乙二醇(Mw=200)可以与氯化锌-乙二醇(1:4)任意比互溶,可溶解聚乙二醇(Mw=1000)22wt%,聚乙二醇(Mw=6000)16wt%,聚乙二醇(Mw=20000)13wt%。
实施例3:聚乙二醇(Mw=200/1000/6000/20000)溶解于摩尔比为1:6的氯化锌-乙二醇低共熔溶剂
按氯化锌-乙二醇的摩尔比为1:6称取一定量的药品加入到100mL的螺口瓶中,将螺口瓶放置在373.15K的烘箱中,直至形成均一澄清透明的液体,即为低共熔溶剂;待冷却后,向所形成的低共熔溶剂中分别加入不同质量分数和分子量的聚乙二醇,在333.15K的烘箱中持续加热,适当摇动螺口瓶,直到均一透明的溶液形成,室温下溶液性质稳定。聚乙二醇(Mw=200)可以与氯化锌-乙二醇(1:6)任意比互溶,可溶解聚乙二醇(Mw=1000)11wt%,聚乙二醇(Mw=6000)6wt%,聚乙二醇(Mw=20000)5wt%。
实施例4:聚乙二醇(Mw=200/1000/6000/20000)溶解于摩尔比为1:8的氯化锌-乙二醇低共熔溶剂
按氯化锌-乙二醇的摩尔比为1:8称取一定量的药品加入到100mL的螺口瓶中,将螺口瓶放置在373.15K的烘箱中,直至形成均一澄清透明的液体,即为低共熔溶剂;待冷却后,向所形成的低共熔溶剂中分别加入不同质量分数和分子量的聚乙二醇,在333.15K的烘箱中持续加热,适当摇动螺口瓶,直到均一透明的溶液形成,室温下溶液性质稳定。聚乙二醇(Mw=200)可以与氯化锌-乙二醇(1:8)任意比互溶,可溶解聚乙二醇(Mw=1000)7wt%,聚乙二醇(Mw=6000)4wt%,聚乙二醇(Mw=20000)2wt%。
Claims (4)
1.一种能够溶解聚乙二醇的低共熔溶剂,其特征在于:所述溶解聚乙二醇的低共熔溶剂是以氯化锌作为氢键受体、乙二醇作为氢键供体。
2.一种利用权利要求1所述的低共熔溶剂溶解聚乙二醇的方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
步骤1:氯化锌、乙二醇和聚乙二醇分别通过真空干燥箱进行干燥;
步骤2:称取氯化锌和乙二醇并混合,置于373.15K下搅拌直至形成透明的均一溶液,即得低共熔溶剂;
步骤3:向步骤2所得低共熔溶剂中加入聚乙二醇,置于333.15K下搅拌直至形成透明的均一溶液即可。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:
步骤2中,氯化锌与乙二醇的摩尔比为1:2~1:8。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:
步骤3中,聚乙二醇的分子量为200-20000。
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