CN108415067A - A kind of earthquake wave measuring system based on microstructured optical fibers distribution sound wave sensing - Google Patents
A kind of earthquake wave measuring system based on microstructured optical fibers distribution sound wave sensing Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of earthquake wave measuring system based on microstructured optical fibers distribution sound wave sensing, which includes narrow-linewidth laser source, coupler, acousto-optic modulator, EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier, balance photodetector, micro-structure sensing optic cable, signal control and processing module.Narrow linewidth laser generates signal light and injects micro-structure sensing optic cable by circulator, extraneous seismic signal is measured by the optical cable, it carries the reflected light signal of seismic wave information and reference light forms heterodyne signal and is sent into balance photodetector, its electric signal exported finally carries out demodulation process by signal control process module, realizes effective measurement to seismic signal.The present invention has the advantage that measurement sensitivity is high, spatial resolution is high, and simple in structure compared to conventional electrical wave detector, small in volume is easy to install, and not by electromagnetic interference.The present invention can be used for measuring the fields such as seismic signal, resource detection and the geological prospecting of underground propagation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of microstructured optical fibers distribution acoustic wave sensing systems, and in particular, to one kind being based on micro-structure
The earthquake wave measuring system of optical fiber distributed type sound wave sensing.
Background technology
Optical fiber sensing technology can be used for measuring the parameters such as down-hole pressure, temperature, sound wave, vibration, learn geological condition, fluid
The information such as characteristic and resource distribution.In oil exploration and geological test field, Fibre Optical Sensor well logging and measurement seismic wave
It is a very important technology.Optical fiber distributed type sound wave sensing is widely used in vertical seismic profiling (VSP) (VSP) detection, pressure at present
It splits monitoring, monitoring leak from oil gas pipe and surface seismic wave in real time and propagates the fields such as measurement.Therefore highly sensitive high-precision light
Fine distribution sound wave sensing technology is to resource exploration and earthquake detection important in inhibiting.
Current seismic prospecting main means are to be measured using electricity geophone, are currently seismic prospecting
Important seismic sensors component, technical merit and performance quality are directly related to the fidelity effect of seismic data detection.Compared to
Other detection means, electricity geophone measurement accuracy and sensitivity are higher, but are measured since it is based on electrical domain, electromechanics one
The internal structure of body makes it easily by electromagnetic interference.Simultaneously as seismic prospecting is generally all in complicated wild environment, in this way
So that wave detector inevitably will appear higher failure rate.In addition, each wave detector is distributed in different location, to detect
At different location for a period of time in seismic wave transmit situation, each wave detector in this way is required for connecting cable to terminal,
Due to wave detector can only single-point detect the seismic signal of some position, need a large amount of detection when measuring the arrangement of long range ground
Device string, huge wave detector quantity so that installation process is complicated and cumbersome.
Invention content
The present invention proposes a kind of seismic wave detecting system sensed based on microstructured optical fibers distribution sound wave, it is therefore intended that right
The seismic wave of underground or ground arrangement is realized not by electromagnetic interference, while reaching higher accuracy and sensitivity detection, is solved existing
Have the existing installation of technology electricity wave detector it is in large scale, easily by electromagnetic interference and easily affected by environment and the technologies such as damage and ask
Topic.
A kind of earthquake wave measuring system based on microstructured optical fibers distribution sound wave sensing, which is characterized in that including narrow line
Wide laser (1), the first photo-coupler (2) and the second photo-coupler (8), acousto-optic modulator (3), mix bait light at optical circulator (5)
Fiber amplifier (4), balance photodetector (7), micro-structure sensing optic cable (6) and control process module (9)；Wherein：
Narrow linewidth laser (1) output is connected with the first coupler (2), for providing narrow-linewidth laser signal；Swash
Optical linewidth is as narrow as possible, 1MHz or less；Line width is narrower, and detectable signal bottom is made an uproar smaller；
First coupler (2) includes light source input terminal, local oscillator light output end and signal light output end；The light source is defeated
Enter end for receiving narrow-linewidth laser, local oscillator light output end is connected with the second coupler (8) local oscillator light input end, provides it ginseng
Examine light；Signal light output end is connected with acousto-optic modulator (3) input terminal, provides it signal light；
The acousto-optic modulator (3) includes three input, output and driving ports, at pulse and producing Laser Modulation
Raw certain frequency displacement；Frequency displacement makes signal light generate a difference on the frequency relative to local oscillator light, forms heterodyne detection, is used for seismic wave
Caused phase change amount, which demodulates, to be come, and realizes the measurement to seismic wave；Frequency displacement size is believed by the additional radio frequency of acousto-optic modulator
Number determine；The acousto-optic modulator need of work applied radio frequency signal, while normal work also needs to drive signal；The pulse
For rectangular pulse, the pulse period is related with acousto-optic modulator drive signal, the bigger light pulse energy of drive control end signal duty ratio
Amount is bigger；
The EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (4) includes light input and two ports of light output, for amplifying input optical signal；
The first port of the optical circulator (5) is connected with EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (4) output end, second port and sensing
Optical cable (6) is connected, and third port connects the second coupler (8) input terminal；The optical circulator (8) is used for the light of first port is defeated
It send to second port and exports, the light that micro-structure point reflection in the light i.e. optical fiber entered from second port is returned is delivered to third end
Mouthful, it is sent to the second coupler (8) through the port；Second coupler (8) is used to reference light and signal light being combined into all the way,
It is sent into balance photodetector (7) input terminal；
The micro-structure sensing optic cable (6) is used as sensing unit, the propagation for perceiving seismic wave, by demodulating in optical cable
The optical signal that is reflected back detects seismic wave；Its internal micro-structure point for being higher than Rayleigh scattering 5-20dB comprising several reflectivity,
Number is up to hundreds of, and region is all a detection unit between each two micro-structure point, and reflected light carries detected earthquake
Wave signal；Reflection can make by force very much the light insertion loss of fl transmission excessive, i.e., a big chunk light is all reflected back terminal, unfavorable
In the growth of distance sensing；
The balance photodetector (7) includes two input ports and a difference output port；The detector exports
It is two differences inputted, i.e. two transformed difference between currents of detector inside it；The light of second coupler (8) output enters flat
Weigh photodetector (7) input terminal；Two ports of input terminal of the photodetector and two output ports of the second coupler
It is respectively connected with；Balance the input terminal that photodetector (7) exports termination control process module (9)；Photodetector (7) is balanced to use
In the beat signal that the light for being reflected back optical cable is formed in the second coupler with the optical signal after the local oscillator interference of light, it is converted into electricity
Signal is sent into control process module (9)；
The control process module (9) includes input terminal, port is driven to connect data port with PC；Control process module
(9) output end of input terminal connection balance photodetector (7), driving end connection acousto-optic modulator (3) is for driving acousto-optic tune
Device normal work processed；PC connection data port is used for external computer, realizes that real-time results are shown and data store；Control process
Module (9) is used to demodulate the electric signal of detector (7) output, and demodulation restores the extraneous seismic signal that optical cable is detected, and produces
Raw drive signal is to control the work of acousto-optic modulator.Control process module (9) main function be summarised as reference signal generation,
Transformation, multiplication, filtering and amplitude peak-seeking, it is therefore an objective to light phase caused by extraneous seismic signal is changed into situation and demodulates,
Obtain phase change amount.
Further, the microstructured optical fibers (11) are packaged within the outer cable (13) of wear-resisting rubber-insulated wire, optical fiber and outer layer cable skin
Between filling elastic fluid (12), to realize protection microstructured optical fibers and the sensitivity that is detected to extraneous seismic wave of enhancing；It is described
Microstructured optical fibers are to be scribed at several scattering enhancing micro-structure points (10) commonly with identical spacing by ultraviolet inscription technology
On single mode optical fiber, for the optical signal in mirror based fiber optica.
Further, the first photo-coupler splitting ratio is 1：99 (reference lights：Signal light), the light splitting of the second photo-coupler
Than being 1：1.
Further, the elastic fluid has preferable conductance between optical fiber and external environment, and preferably Kev is towed
Dimension.Elastic fluid should have preferable conduction force characteristic, can preferably be transmitted to external force on internal optical fiber；It is provided simultaneously with height
The characteristics such as intensity, anticorrosive, tension；Kafra fiber can guarantee since it is with the characteristics such as high intensity, high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant
Optical cable works normally in the presence of a harsh environment, is suitble to do the filled media of fiber outer layer；
Further, scattering enhancing micro-structure point each of is inscribed on the optical fiber of the micro-structure sensing optic cable (6) to have
All band reflection characteristic, and reflectivity is higher than Rayleigh scattering 5-20dB；
Further, the control process module includes embedded processing module (15), D/A modules (16), A/D modules
(18), bandpass filter (17)；The A/D modules (18) are sent into bandpass filtering for acquiring signal and being converted into digital signal
Device (17)；The bandpass filter (17) obtains heterodyne intermediate frequency signal for realizing intermediate frequency band logical, filters out noise, and output connects
The embedded processing module (15)；The embedded processing module (15) is produced for being demodulated to collected signal
Raw drive signal, is sent into acousto-optic modulator (7), to drive acousto-optic modulator to work normally after D/A is converted.Seismic wave is along optical fiber
Cloth set direction is propagated, and different moments reach different fiber segments, and each section of optical fiber can be obtained after demodulation on the ground at corresponding moment
Seismic wave waveform；
Further, it is demodulated in the control process module, it is therefore an objective to extract light phase knots modification caused by seismic wave
Out, that is, phase difference when asking seismic wave to transmit with without seismic wave, includes the following steps：
The beat signal (19) that the light that collected micro-structure point reflection returns is formed with local oscillator light is made into bandpass filtering (20)
Noise is filtered out, heterodyne signal is obtained, makees phase extraction processing (24)：Respectively with reference signal 1 (23) and reference signal 2 (25) phase
Multiply, low-pass filtered again respectively, thus obtained two signals carry out division arithmetic, obtain the tangent value about phase mass, pass through
Phase value is obtained after arctangent cp cp operation, wherein reference signal 1 and reference signal 2 are the sinusoidal signal that phase difference is pi/2, frequency
Rate is equal to frequency displacement size caused by acousto-optic modulator；
Automatic peak-seeking (21) process is carried out to signal amplitude simultaneously, realizes the micro-structure point reflection peak of every section of optical fiber of positioning,
Its respective phase knots modification is extracted by the above process, then calculates phase difference (22) between 2 adjacent microstructures points, obtains point-to-point transmission
The phase change on optical cable is connected, the seismic wave information on this section of optical fiber is obtained according to variation, to realize to seismic signal
Demodulation.
Further, every section of microstructured optical fibers optical cable for being distributed in different location can be considered that a seismic wave detection unit is come
Realize detection to seismic signal, equivalent position is considered as between 2 micro-structure points in the middle part of optical fiber, can detect it is interior for a period of time this
Seimic wave propagation information at position, and then obtain the time location distribution map of seismic acquisition waveform.Here it is equivalent to and uses optical cable
Seismic wave detection unit is done, the optical cable between each two micro-structure point is exactly a detection unit, and the detection of all seismic waves is single
Member is connected on a cable, detects the seismic wave transmission at different location respectively, and optical cable is both to transmit the medium of signal and divide
A section detection unit of cloth in different location.
Further, the completely close photodetector of two characteristics built in the balanced detector (9), two-beam subtract each other
After can remove DC component, receiver noise in optical coherent detection, lifting system signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity can be eliminated, be conducive to it is faint
The detection of signal；Unlike common photodetector, built-in two paths, unlike single tube detector is visited containing only one
Head.
Further, the earthquake wave measuring system further includes (14) PC, for showing seismic signal and storage number
According to.In conjunction with PC (14) software development, collected data are handled by corresponding demodulating algorithm, the earthquake wave measurement of recovery
As a result it can be shown on PC (14), while PC also can control embedded processing module accordingly, in this way, PC is suitable
It is mainly used for software programming exploitation, storage in host computer.
Compared with prior art, the present invention mainly there is following advantage：
1, measurement sensitivity is high, and spatial resolution is high, inspection of the every section of optical cable between two pips respectively as respective bins
Wave unit can detect the seismic wave in certain time at this position and transmit information；
2, compared to conventional electrical wave detector, simple in structure, small in volume is easy to install, and not by electromagnetic interference.
The present invention can measure the seismic signal of underground propagation, can be applied to the fields such as resource detection and geological prospecting.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is system and device block diagram；
Fig. 2 is that optical cable illustrates figure；
Fig. 3 in order to control with processing module internal structure；
Fig. 4 is algorithm process flow chart；
Fig. 5 is seismic wave time location distribution map.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
It does not constitute a conflict with each other and can be combined with each other.
In conjunction with attached drawing and embodiment, the present invention is further described in detail.It is available that the present invention provides one kind
In the microstructured optical fibers distributed acoustic wave measuring system of seismic wave detection technique.System is made of following device：Narrow-linewidth laser
Device, 1:99 and 1:1 photo-coupler, acousto-optic modulator, EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier, optical circulator, micro-structure sensing optic cable, balance light
Embedded data processing module, D/A module, A/D module and filter module in electric detecting module and control and processing module.
Wherein, micro-structure optical cable is made of internal microstructure optical fiber and outer envelope.Microstructured optical fibers refer in general single mode
Ultraviolet inscription technology is utilized on optical fiber, continuously inscribes that several reflectivity are extremely low and identical Rayleigh scattering enhances with identical spacing
Point.Outer envelope refers in one layer of protection skin cable of microstructured optical fibers outer package, fills elastic fluid between optical fiber and skin cable, plays conduction
The effect of power, the Kafra fiber of citing selection herein.
Narrow linewidth laser exports the narrow-linewidth laser signal of certain wavelength, by 1:99 photo-coupler is divided into two beams,
In 1% light be output to another 1 as local oscillator reference light:1 coupler input, 99% light is as detectable signal optical transport
To next device acousto-optic modulator.
Acousto-optic modulator drives its normal work by embedded processing module in control and processing module by D/A module,
It act as being pulsed light by optical signal modulation and optical signal being made to generate certain frequency displacement, frequency displacement herein is exemplified as 200MHz.
Pulsed light carries out light amplification through EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier again, is input to 1 port of circulator, 1 port of circulator
Light is transported to 2 port of circulator, that is, is transferred to the sensing optic cable for being connected to 2 ports.
There are a series of scattering enhancing micro-structure point, reflectivity to be exemplified as being higher than Rayleigh scattering herein in sensing optic cable
10dB can return fl transmission light reflection, and extraneous ground seismic wave function conducts masterpiece on sensing optic cable by internal elastic media
For internal microstructure optical fiber, cause the change of light phase being reflected back.The light being reflected back enters 2 port of circulator, annular
The light of 2 port of device is transported to 3 port of circulator, and 3 ports wait for that light signal is delivered to 1:Another input terminal of 1 coupler leads to
Overcoupling device is optically coupled into local oscillator in same light path, forms heterodyne detection, it is beat signal that two-beam, which closes beam,.
Coupler output optical signals balance photoelectric detection module receive and be converted into electric signal, by bandpass filter into
It is acquired, is sent into embedded data processing module by A/D module after row filtering.Algorithm process process through such as Fig. 4, it is collected
Each beat signal can demodulate its phase change amount, be transported by the difference of the phase change amount between adjacent two micro-structures point
It calculates, you can phase change amount caused by point-to-point transmission connection optical fiber is obtained, and when seismic wave is transferred to the fiber segment of respective bins
Cause the phase change of this section of optical fiber, in this way it can be learnt that the seismic signal of the section this moment, by parity of reasoning it can be learnt that whole
Seismic wave information of a optical cable distributed area at each moment.
Optical cable is a seismic wave detection unit between every two adjacent microstructures point, has not only transmitted light but also to perceive unit, list
Root optical cable is divided into the seismic wave detection unit at different location.It is embedded to underground, when seismic wave is when underground is transmitted, you can
The information of different moments at each position, Fig. 5 show the seismic wave transmission information of different location different moments.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention made by all any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of earthquake wave measuring system based on microstructured optical fibers distribution sound wave sensing, which is characterized in that including narrow linewidth
Laser (1), the first photo-coupler (2) and the second photo-coupler (8), optical circulator (5), acousto-optic modulator (3), erbium-doped fiber
Amplifier (4), balance photodetector (7), micro-structure sensing optic cable (6) and control process module (9)；Wherein：
Narrow linewidth laser (1) output is connected with the first coupler (2), for providing narrow-linewidth laser signal；
First coupler (2) includes light source input terminal, local oscillator light output end and signal light output end；The light source input terminal
For receiving narrow-linewidth laser, local oscillator light output end is connected with the second coupler (8) local oscillator light input end, provides it reference
Light；Signal light output end is connected with acousto-optic modulator (3) input terminal, provides it signal light；
The acousto-optic modulator (3) includes three input, output and driving ports, for Laser Modulation at pulse and to be generated one
Fixed frequency displacement；
The EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (4) includes light input and two ports of light output, for amplifying input optical signal；
The first port of the optical circulator (5) is connected with EDFA Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (4) output end, and second port is passed with micro-structure
Sensing optical cable (6) is connected, and third port connects the second coupler (8) input terminal；The optical circulator (8) is used for the light of first port
It is delivered to second port output, the light entered from second port is delivered to third port, the second coupling is sent to through the port
Device (8)；Second coupler (8) is used to reference light and signal light being combined into all the way, is sent into balance photodetector (7) and inputs
End；
The micro-structure sensing optic cable (6) is used as sensing unit, the propagation for perceiving seismic wave；
The balance photodetector (7) includes two input ports and a difference output port, the second coupler (8) output
Light enter balance photodetector (7) input terminal；It balances photodetector (7) and exports the defeated of termination control process module (9)
Enter end；The light that balance photodetector (7) is used to optical cable being reflected back and the optical signal after the local oscillator interference of light, are converted into telecommunications
Number, it is sent into control process module (9)；
The control process module (9) includes input terminal, port is driven to connect data port with PC；Control process module (9) is defeated
Enter the output end of end connection balance photodetector (7), driving end connection acousto-optic modulator (3) is for driving acousto-optic modulator just
Often work；PC connection data port is used for external computer；Realize that real-time results are shown and data store；Control process module
(9) it is used to demodulate the electric signal of detector (7) output, demodulation restores the extraneous seismic signal that optical cable is detected, and generates drive
Dynamic signal is to control the work of acousto-optic modulator.
2. according to the earthquake wave measuring system described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the microstructured optical fibers (11) are packaged in
Within the outer cable (13) of rubber-insulated wire, elastic fluid (12) is filled between optical fiber and outer layer cable skin, to realize protection microstructured optical fibers and increasing
By force to the sensitivity of extraneous seismic wave detection；The microstructured optical fibers be by uv-exposure technology, will be several with identical spacing
A single-point Rayleigh scattering enhancing point (10) is scribed on general single mode fiber, for the optical signal in mirror based fiber optica.
3. according to the earthquake wave measuring system described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the first photo-coupler (2) reference
The splitting ratio of light and signal light is 1：99, the splitting ratio of the second photo-coupler (8) reference light and signal light is 1：1.
4. according to the earthquake wave measuring system described in claim 2, which is characterized in that the elastic fluid is in optical fiber and the external world
There is preferable conductance between environment, and need tension anticorrosive, preferably Kafra fiber.
5. according to the earthquake wave measuring system described in claim 2, which is characterized in that the micro-structure sensing optic cable (6)
The each single-point Rayleigh scattering enhancing point inscribed on optical fiber has all band reflection characteristic, and reflectivity is low but higher than Rayleigh scattering
5-20dB。
6. according to the earthquake wave measuring system described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the control process module includes insertion
Formula processing module (15), D/A modules (16), A/D modules (18), bandpass filter (17)；The A/D modules (18) are for acquiring
Signal is simultaneously converted into digital signal, is sent into bandpass filter (17)；The bandpass filter (17) for realizing intermediate frequency band logical,
Output connects the embedded processing module (15)；The embedded processing module (15) is for solving collected signal
It adjusts, and generates drive signal, acousto-optic modulator (7) is sent into after D/A is converted, to drive acousto-optic modulator to work normally.
7. earthquake wave measuring system according to claim 6, which is characterized in that in the control process module demodulation include
Following steps：
After beat signal (19) bandpass filtering (20) that the light that collected micro-structure point reflection is returned is formed with local oscillator light, make phase
Position extraction process (24)：It is multiplied respectively with reference signal 1 (23) and reference signal 2 (25), it is low-pass filtered again respectively, thus
Two signals arrived carry out division arithmetic, obtain the tangent value about phase mass, phase value is obtained after arctangent cp cp operation,
In, reference signal 1 and reference signal 2 are the sinusoidal signals that phase difference is pi/2, and frequency is equal to frequency caused by acousto-optic modulator
Move size；Automatic peak-seeking (21) is carried out to signal amplitude simultaneously, positions the micro-structure point reflection peak of every section of optical fiber, it is corresponding to extract it
Phase change amount is obtained by phase difference (22) between calculus of differences 2 adjacent microstructures points of calculating on point-to-point transmission connection optical cable
Phase change obtains the seismic wave information on this section of optical fiber according to variation, to realize the demodulation to seismic signal.
8. according to the earthquake wave measuring system described in claim 1, which is characterized in that seismic wave causes optical signal in optical cable
Variation is distributed in every section of microstructured optical fibers optical cable of different location and is realized to seismic signal for a seismic wave detection unit
Detection, equivalent position can be considered in the middle part of the optical fiber between 2 micro-structure points；Optical cable itself is detection unit, can detect one section
Seimic wave propagation information in time at this position, and then obtain the time location distribution map of seismic acquisition waveform.
9. according to the earthquake wave measuring system described in claim 1, which is characterized in that two built in the balanced detector (9)
The completely close photodetector of a characteristic, two-beam can remove DC component after subtracting each other, can eliminate in optical coherent detection and receive
Machine noise, lifting system signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity are conducive to the detection of small-signal.
10. earthquake wave measuring system according to claim 6, which is characterized in that further include (14) PC, for showing seismic wave
Signal and storage data.
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