CN108029431A - Citrus grafting seedlings-growing method - Google Patents
Citrus grafting seedlings-growing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108029431A CN108029431A CN201711431223.3A CN201711431223A CN108029431A CN 108029431 A CN108029431 A CN 108029431A CN 201711431223 A CN201711431223 A CN 201711431223A CN 108029431 A CN108029431 A CN 108029431A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of citrus grafting seedlings-growing method, this method comprises the following steps：(a) rootstock seedling is cultivated, selects wild Fructus Aurantii or Ziyang leaflet switch fragrant citrus to be cultivated as rootstock seedling on the good seedbed of liquid manure and obtains the rootstock seedling that grows directly from seeds；(b) grafting：High-quality pure citrus is chosen as scion, citrus is cut from branch, obtains grafting fringe, by grafting fringe grafting to stock；After grafting whole grafting part is encapsulated with transparent membrane；(c) managing after grafting：20 25 DEG C of temperature will be kept in greenhouse, under conditions of relative humidity 60 70% in nursery stock transplanting in step (b) to nutrition cup, after cultivating 20 25 days, film is untied, cultivates the grafting of vertical growth, is cultivated under the good environment of water and fertilizer condition 1 year and obtains citrus grafting.The citrus grafting that the present invention cultivates has that disease resistance is good, fruit bearing rate is high, the speed of growth is fast, and the advantages that service life can be extended.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit-tree breeding technical field, relates in particular to a kind of citrus grafting seedlings-growing method.
Background technology
Citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco) belongs to platymiscium under Rutaceae.Property happiness warm and moist weather, resist cold
Property is slightly strong compared with shaddock, bitter orange, sweet orange.Rutaceae Aurantioideae is distributed between 16 ° -37 ° of north latitude.It is the torrid zone, subtropical evergreen fruit
Tree has 3 categories (in addition to trifoliate orange) as Economical cultivation：Poncirus, Citrus and Fortunella.China and the cultivation of other countries of the world
Citrus be mainly Citrus.
Existing citrus kind, which is planted seedlings, usually the plantation of citrus seedling and grafting plantation, after the plantation plantation of citrus seedling
It is poor with disease resistance, the defects of fruit bearing rate is low, low output, service life is short；Therefore needing offer one kind to have, disease resistance is good, hangs
Fruit rate is high, the speed of growth is fast, and can extend the citrus grafting of service life.
The content of the invention
For above the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of disease resistance is good, fruit bearing rate is high, the speed of growth is fast, and can extend
The citrus grafting seedlings-growing method of service life.
Realize the technical scheme is that：A kind of citrus grafting seedlings-growing method, this method comprises the following steps：
(a) cultivate rootstock seedling, select wild Fructus Aurantii or Ziyang leaflet switch fragrant citrus as rootstock seedling liquid manure well
Cultivated 1 year on seedbed and obtain the rootstock seedling that grows directly from seeds；
(b) grafting：High-quality pure healthy citrus is chosen as scion, citrus is cut from branch, forms it into 10-
The grafting fringe of 15cm, then by grafting fringe grafting to stock；Whole grafting part is encapsulated with transparent membrane after grafting, is formed and protected
Wet cover；
(c) managing after grafting：By in the nursery stock transplanting in step (b) to nutrition cup, temperature 20-25 is kept in greenhouse
DEG C, under conditions of relative humidity 60-70%, after cultivating 20-25 days, film is untied, then cultivates the grafting of vertical growth, most
Cultivated afterwards under the good environment of water and fertilizer condition 1 year and obtain citrus grafting.
Preferably, rootstock seedling is cultivated in the step (a) to comprise the following steps：
(1) seed treatment：The ripe wild Fructus Aurantii of selection or Ziyang leaflet switch fragrant citrus fruit, shell and obtain seed；Will
After seed soaks in 40-50 DEG C of warm water, with nutrition medicining liquid dipping seed 15-20min, then rinsed 2-4 times with clear water,
Seed is finally put into germinating box vernalization to quick-fried bud rate more than 60% with gauze wrapped；
(2) sow：The seed of step (1) is put into hole tray and is sowed, the corruption of 1-2cm thickness is then sprinkled into hole tray
Grow soil；It is 15-25 DEG C, relative humidity 65-75%, intensity of illumination 1300-1500lux that hole tray is placed on temperature, daily illumination
In the environment of when time 10-12 is small, until seedling is grown to more than 3cm；
(3) daily management：By on seedling replanting to the seedbed of step (2), on the same day after transplanting, each cave supplements root water；
Turn after green grass or young crops survives, to impose nutrient solution 3 times, the nutrient solution includes the percentage by weight of following raw material after seedling：Amino acid 65-
80%th, for diethylstilbestrol 0.1-0.5%, remaining is clear water for potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20-35%, 2,4- chlorophenesic acids；Finally in good water
Cultivated 1 year under fertile management condition and obtain the good seedling of disease resistance.
Preferably, the nutrition thimerosal includes the percentage by weight of following raw material：70% carbendazim, 25% maneb
Zinc, 0.03% brassin lactones, 3% compound amino acid, remaining is clear water.
Preferably, water and fertilizer management includes in the step (3)：When becoming a fine day, the moisture in seedbed is supplemented, controls base in seedbed
Matter moisture is 60-65%；Fungicide and fertilizer are added during moisturizing, it is 0.2-0.5% to make concentration of aqueous solution, wherein, sterilization
Agent is thiophanate, and fertilizer is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
Preferably, it further comprises and be to nursery bed disinfection processing step, the nursery bed disinfection processing prior to seeding：First with 200
Times hymexazol aqueous solution and 300 times of carbendazim dilutions sprinkling seedbeds, cover mulch, are followed by film within 7 days, then spray 300 times of wooden vinegar
Liquid, then overlay film 7-10 days.
Preferably, the mode that nutrient solution is imposed in the step (3) is to impose one time of nutrition liquid every 7 days.
Preferably, the matrix described in the step (c) in nutrition cup includes the parts by weight of following raw material：Earthworm soil 20~
35 parts, 30~45 parts of fertile soil, 10~18 parts of flyash, 8~12 parts of stalk slag, 5~10 parts of diatomaceous shale, edible fungi substrate give up
10~16 parts of slag, 2~4 parts of oyster shell whiting, 3~5 parts of medical stone, 1~3 part of water-retaining agent, 0.5~1 part of trace element.
Preferably, the matrix described in the step (c) in nutrition cup includes the parts by weight of following raw material：Earthworm soil 25
Part, 35 parts of fertile soil, 15 parts of flyash, 12 parts of stalk slag, 8 parts of diatomaceous shale, 15 parts of edible fungi substrate waste residue, 3 parts of oyster shell whiting,
4 parts of medical stone, 2 parts of water-retaining agent, 1 part of trace element.
Compared with prior art the beneficial effects of the present invention are：1st, by the way that citrus and Fructus Aurantii or Ziyang is small in the present invention
The grafting obtained after leaf switch fragrant citrus grafting has fully demonstrated the advantage of grafting, and good with disease resistance, cold resistance is strong, raw
Long speed is fast, the advantage such as fruit bearing rate height；2nd, 1-2 starts to bear fruit after the seedling replanting of grafting, and fruit is in good taste, full of nutrition,
Shift to an earlier date 1 year or so compared to traditional citrus seedling and bear fruit, time limit 3-5 more than seedling of bearing fruit, yield is higher than seedling.
Embodiment
The technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described below.Based on the implementation in the present invention
Example, those skilled in the art's all other embodiments obtained without making creative work, belongs to this hair
The scope of bright protection.
Embodiment 1
A kind of citrus grafting seedlings-growing method, includes the following steps：
(a) rootstock seedling is cultivated, selects wild Fructus Aurantii to be cultivated 1 year on the good seedbed of liquid manure as rootstock seedling and obtains reality
Raw rootstock seedling；Wherein, the rootstock seedling type of rearing of growing directly from seeds of the present embodiment is：
(1) seed treatment：The ripe wild Fructus Aurantii fruit of selection, shells and obtains seed；Seed is soaked in 45 DEG C of warm water
After bubble, with nutrition medicining liquid dipping seed 15min, then rinsed 3 times with clear water, seed is finally put into vernalization with gauze wrapped
Vernalization is to quick-fried bud rate more than 60% in case；The nutrition thimerosal of the present embodiment includes the percentage by weight of following raw material：More than 70%
Bacterium spirit, 25% Mancozeb, 0.03% brassin lactones, 3% compound amino acid, remaining is clear water；Preparation method：Claim by deal
Each component is taken, is then dissolved in water, is uniformly mixed and obtains；
(2) sow：The seed of step (1) is put into hole tray and is sowed, the corruption of 1-2cm thickness is then sprinkled into hole tray
Grow soil；It is 15-25 DEG C, relative humidity 65-75%, intensity of illumination 1300-1500lux that hole tray is placed on temperature, daily illumination
In the environment of when time 10 is small, until seedling is grown to more than 3cm；
(3) daily management：Nursery bed disinfection is handled before sowing, nursery bed disinfection processing is：First with 200 times of hymexazol aqueous solutions
Seedbed is sprayed with 300 times of carbendazim dilutions, mulch is covered, is followed by film within 7 days, then sprays 300 times of wood vinegar, then overlay film 7-10
My god；By on seedling replanting to the seedbed of step (2), on the same day after transplanting, each cave supplements root water；Turn after seedling after green grass or young crops survives,
Impose nutrient solution 3 times, the mode for imposing nutrient solution is every 7 days to impose one time of nutrition liquid, respectively 7 after first time is poured day and
Impose nutrient solution within 14 days；Nutrient solution in the present embodiment includes the percentage by weight of following raw material：Amino acid 65%, biphosphate
For diethylstilbestrol 0.1%, remaining is clear water for potassium 35%, 2,4- chlorophenesic acids；Finally cultivated under the conditions of good water and fertilizer management 1 year
The seedling good to disease resistance；Specifically when becoming a fine day, the moisture in seedbed is supplemented, it is 60- to control seedbed mesostroma moisture
65%；Fungicide and fertilizer are added during moisturizing, it is 0.2-0.5% to make concentration of aqueous solution, wherein, fungicide is thiophanate, fertilizer
For nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
(b) grafting：High-quality pure healthy citrus is chosen as scion, citrus is cut from branch, forms it into 10-
The grafting fringe of 15cm, then by grafting fringe grafting to stock；Whole grafting part is encapsulated with transparent membrane after grafting, is formed and protected
Wet cover；
(c) managing after grafting：By in the nursery stock transplanting in step (b) to nutrition cup, the matrix in nutrition cup includes following
The parts by weight of raw material：20 parts of earthworm soil, 45 parts of fertile soil, 10 parts of flyash, 12 parts of stalk slag, 5 parts of diatomaceous shale, edible mushroom base
10 parts of matter waste residue, 2 parts of oyster shell whiting, 3 parts of medical stone, 1 part of water-retaining agent, 0.5 part of trace element；Temperature 20-25 is kept in greenhouse
DEG C, under conditions of relative humidity 60-70%, after cultivating 20-25 days, film is untied, then cultivates the grafting of vertical growth, most
Cultivated afterwards under the good environment of water and fertilizer condition 1 year and obtain citrus grafting.
Embodiment 2
A kind of citrus grafting seedlings-growing method, includes the following steps：
(b) rootstock seedling is cultivated, selects Ziyang leaflet switch fragrant citrus to cultivate one on the good seedbed of liquid manure as rootstock seedling
Year obtains the rootstock seedling that grows directly from seeds；Wherein, the rootstock seedling type of rearing of growing directly from seeds of the present embodiment is：
(1) seed treatment：The ripe Ziyang leaflet switch fragrant citrus fruit of selection, shells and obtains seed；By seed at 50 DEG C
After being soaked in warm water, with nutrition medicining liquid dipping seed 20min, then rinsed 4 times with clear water, finally by seed gauze wrapped
Vernalization is put into germinating box to quick-fried bud rate more than 60%；Nutrition thimerosal includes the percentage by weight of following raw material：Bacterium more than 70%
Spirit, 25% Mancozeb, 0.03% brassin lactones, 3% compound amino acid, remaining is clear water；Preparation method is the same as embodiment 1；
(2) sow：The seed of step (1) is put into hole tray and is sowed, the corruption of 1-2cm thickness is then sprinkled into hole tray
Grow soil；It is 15-25 DEG C, relative humidity 65-75%, intensity of illumination 1300-1500lux that hole tray is placed on temperature, daily illumination
In the environment of when time 12 is small, until seedling is grown to more than 3cm；
(3) daily management：Nursery bed disinfection is handled before sowing, nursery bed disinfection is handled with embodiment 1；By the children of step (2)
On transplantation of seedlings to seedbed, on the same day after transplanting, each cave supplements root water；Turn after green grass or young crops survives, to impose nutrient solution 3 times, chase after after seedling
The mode for applying nutrient solution is every 7 days to impose one time of nutrition liquid, 7 after first time is poured day and imposes nutrient solution in 14 days respectively；
Nutrient solution includes the percentage by weight of following raw material：Amino acid 70%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 28%, 2,4- chlorophenesic acids are for diethylstilbestrol
0.2%, remaining is clear water；Finally cultivated 1 year under the conditions of good water and fertilizer management and obtain the good seedling of disease resistance.
(b) grafting：High-quality pure healthy citrus is chosen as scion, citrus is cut from branch, forms it into 10-
The grafting fringe of 15cm, then by grafting fringe grafting to stock；Whole grafting part is encapsulated with transparent membrane after grafting, is formed and protected
Wet cover；
(c) managing after grafting：By in the nursery stock transplanting in step (b) to nutrition cup, the matrix in nutrition cup includes following
The parts by weight of raw material：25 parts of earthworm soil, 35 parts of fertile soil, 15 parts of flyash, 12 parts of stalk slag, 8 parts of diatomaceous shale, edible mushroom base
15 parts of matter waste residue, 3 parts of oyster shell whiting, 4 parts of medical stone, 2 parts of water-retaining agent, 1 part of trace element；20-25 DEG C of temperature is kept in greenhouse,
Under conditions of relative humidity 60-70%, after cultivating 20-25 days, film is untied, then cultivates the grafting of vertical growth, finally
Cultivated under the good environment of water and fertilizer condition 1 year and obtain citrus grafting.
Embodiment 3
A kind of citrus grafting seedlings-growing method, includes the following steps：
(c) rootstock seedling is cultivated, selects wild Fructus Aurantii to be cultivated 1 year on the good seedbed of liquid manure as rootstock seedling and obtains reality
Raw rootstock seedling；Wherein, the rootstock seedling type of rearing of growing directly from seeds of the present embodiment is：
(1) seed treatment：The ripe wild Fructus Aurantii fruit of selection, shells and obtains seed；Seed is soaked in 50 DEG C of warm water
After bubble, with nutrition medicining liquid dipping seed 15-20min, then rinsed 3 times with clear water, be finally put into seed with gauze wrapped
Vernalization is to quick-fried bud rate more than 60% in germinating box；The same Examples 1 and 2 of nutrition thimerosal；
(2) sow：The seed of step (1) is put into hole tray and is sowed, the corruption of 1-2cm thickness is then sprinkled into hole tray
Grow soil；It is 15-25 DEG C, relative humidity 65-75%, intensity of illumination 1300-1500lux that hole tray is placed on temperature, daily illumination
In the environment of when time 12 is small, until seedling is grown to more than 3cm；
(3) daily management：By on seedling replanting to the seedbed of step (2), on the same day after transplanting, each cave supplements root water；
Turn after green grass or young crops survives, to impose nutrient solution 3 times, the mode for imposing nutrient solution is to impose one time of nutrition liquid every 7 days, is respectively existed after seedling
Pour 7 after first time days and 14 days impose nutrient solution；Nutrient solution includes the percentage by weight of following raw material：Amino acid 78%, phosphorus
For diethylstilbestrol 0.2%, remaining is clear water for acid dihydride potassium 20%, 2,4- chlorophenesic acids；Finally trained under the conditions of good water and fertilizer management
Educate and obtain within 1 year the good seedling of disease resistance；When becoming a fine day, the moisture in seedbed is supplemented, it is 60- to control seedbed mesostroma moisture
65%；Fungicide and fertilizer are added during moisturizing, it is 0.2-0.5% to make concentration of aqueous solution, wherein, fungicide is thiophanate, fertilizer
For nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
(b) grafting：High-quality pure healthy citrus is chosen as scion, citrus is cut from branch, forms it into 10-
The grafting fringe of 15cm, then by grafting fringe grafting to stock；Whole grafting part is encapsulated with transparent membrane after grafting, is formed and protected
Wet cover；
(c) managing after grafting：By in the nursery stock transplanting in step (b) to nutrition cup, the matrix in nutrition cup includes following
The parts by weight of raw material：20 parts of earthworm soil, 45 parts of fertile soil, 18 parts of flyash, 12 parts of stalk slag, 5 parts of diatomaceous shale, edible mushroom base
12 parts of matter waste residue, 2 parts of oyster shell whiting, 5 parts of medical stone, 2 parts of water-retaining agent, 1 part of trace element；20-25 DEG C of temperature is kept in greenhouse,
Under conditions of relative humidity 60-70%, after cultivating 20-25 days, film is untied, then cultivates the grafting of vertical growth, finally
Cultivated under the good environment of water and fertilizer condition 1 year and obtain citrus grafting.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all essences in the present invention
With within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on, should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention god.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of citrus grafting seedlings-growing method, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps：
(a) rootstock seedling is cultivated, selects wild Fructus Aurantii or Ziyang leaflet switch fragrant citrus as rootstock seedling in the good seedbed of liquid manure
Upper cultivate 1 year obtains the rootstock seedling that grows directly from seeds；
(b) grafting：High-quality pure healthy citrus is chosen as scion, citrus is cut from branch, forms it into 10-15cm
Grafting fringe, then by grafting fringe grafting to stock；Whole grafting part is encapsulated with transparent membrane after grafting, forms moisturizing
Cover；
(c) managing after grafting：By in the nursery stock transplanting in step (b) to nutrition cup, 20-25 DEG C of temperature, phase are kept in greenhouse
Under conditions of humidity 60-70%, after cultivating 20-25 days, film is untied, the grafting of vertical growth is then cultivated, finally exists
Cultivated under the good environment of water and fertilizer condition 1 year and obtain citrus grafting.
2. citrus grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that rootstock seedling bag is cultivated in the step (a)
Include following steps：
(1) seed treatment：The ripe wild Fructus Aurantii of selection or Ziyang leaflet switch fragrant citrus fruit, shell and obtain seed；By seed
After being soaked in 40-50 DEG C of warm water, with nutrition medicining liquid dipping seed 15-20min, then 2-4 times is rinsed with clear water, finally
Seed is put into germinating box vernalization to quick-fried bud rate more than 60% with gauze wrapped；
(2) sow：The seed of step (1) is put into hole tray and is sowed, the humic of 1-2cm thickness is then sprinkled into hole tray
Soil；Hole tray is placed on temperature as 15-25 DEG C, relative humidity 65-75%, intensity of illumination 1300-1500lux, during daily illumination
Between 10-12 it is small when in the environment of, until seedling grown to more than 3cm；
(3) daily management：By on seedling replanting to the seedbed of step (2), on the same day after transplanting, each cave supplements root water；Treat children
Seedling turns after green grass or young crops survives, to impose nutrient solution 3 times, the nutrient solution includes the percentage by weight of following raw material：Amino acid 65-80%,
For diethylstilbestrol 0.1-0.5%, remaining is clear water for potassium dihydrogen phosphate 20-35%, 2,4- chlorophenesic acids；Finally in good water and fertilizer management
Under the conditions of cultivate 1 year and obtain the good seedling of disease resistance.
3. citrus grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the nutrition thimerosal includes following raw material
Percentage by weight：70% carbendazim, 25% Mancozeb, 0.03% brassin lactones, 3% compound amino acid, remaining is clear
Water.
4. citrus grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that water and fertilizer management includes in the step (3)：
When becoming a fine day, the moisture in seedbed is supplemented, it is 60-65% to control seedbed mesostroma moisture；Fungicide and fertilizer are added during moisturizing
Material, it is 0.2-0.5% to make concentration of aqueous solution, wherein, fungicide is thiophanate, and fertilizer is nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer.
5. citrus grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that further comprises prior to seeding to nursery bed disinfection
Processing step, the nursery bed disinfection processing are：Seedbeds first are sprayed with 200 times of hymexazol aqueous solutions and 300 times of carbendazim dilutions,
Mulch is covered, is followed by film within 7 days, then sprays 300 times of wood vinegar, then overlay film 7-10 days.
6. citrus grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that impose nutrient solution in the step (3)
Mode is to impose one time of nutrition liquid every 7 days.
7. citrus grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described in the step (c) in nutrition cup
Matrix include the parts by weight of following raw material：20~35 parts of earthworm soil, 30~45 parts of fertile soil, 10~18 parts of flyash, stalk
8~12 parts of slag, 5~10 parts of diatomaceous shale, 10~16 parts of edible fungi substrate waste residue, 2~4 parts of oyster shell whiting, 3~5 parts of medical stone, guarantor
1~3 part of aqua, 0.5~1 part of trace element.
8. citrus grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described in the step (c) in nutrition cup
Matrix include the parts by weight of following raw material：25 parts of earthworm soil, 35 parts of fertile soil, 15 parts of flyash, 12 parts of stalk slag, diatom page
8 parts of rock, 15 parts of edible fungi substrate waste residue, 3 parts of oyster shell whiting, 4 parts of medical stone, 2 parts of water-retaining agent, 1 part of trace element.
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