CN107980525A - One cultivates peanut high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method - Google Patents
One cultivates peanut high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of peanut cultivation, and in particular to cultivate peanut high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method to one, the present invention comprises the following steps：（1）Site preparation and fertilization；（2）Variety selection and seed treatment；（3）Type of seeding；（4）Field management；（5）Evening optimum period receives；The method suitable for big-fruit type peanut, fruit type peanut varieties, The present invention reduces applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, improve more than 10% utilization rate of fertilizer；Standardized management, reduces by 70% cost of labor；Machine sowing machine is received, and improves Mechanization Level, and reduces the harm of pest and disease damage, improves yield more than 30%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of peanut cultivation, and in particular to cultivate peanut high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method to one.
Background technology
Peanut is the main industrial crops and oil crops in China, is adapted to be planted in the higher sandy loam of fertility, at present
It is Shandong peanut main product, is mainly distributed on hills or sandy loam area, area of Wendeng City of Weihai City and is located in Jiaodong Peninsula hilly country,
But soil fertility level is relatively low, peanut yield is relatively relatively low compared with middle areas in Shandong Province western part, constrains growth of agricultural efficiency and increasing peasant income.Cause
This, for this problem, it is the main research hotspot of peanut high-yield and high-efficiency to increase soil fertility.
The Chinese invention application of Publication No. CN104429466A discloses a kind of Cultivation of High Yield Peanuts technical method, passes through
Plot selection, site preparation, fertilising, variety selection, seed treatment, plantation, field management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the such step of harvest are real
Existing, ten thousand cave per hectares of 6.5-7.5 of the present invention, land utilization ratio is low, and after once applying fertilizer to the subsoil during peanut applies fertilizer, uses
Boron fertilizer imposes, and influences the growth of succession crop.
The Chinese invention application of Publication No. CN104641853A discloses a kind of Jiaodong Areas Cultivation of High Yield Peanuts technology,
Its special character includes efficent rotation, variety selection and seed treatment, sowing and overlay film, field management, rich water are planned strategies for, pest and disease damage
Prevention, in time harvest and drying technical process.It is solved current rural area and is deposited using traditional peanut cultivation management method
The problems such as Empty grain rate is high, low output, used suitable for Jiaodong Areas peasant planting peanut, but the invention has used film mouth
Put seedling and blinding draws the method for seedling, it is necessary to which manually clear pier scratches branch, unsuitable mechanized cultivation, is unfavorable for being widely popularized.
Above two cultural method is not suitable for efficient mechanized cultivation peanut, and the innovation of bureau of agriculture of area of Wendeng City of Weihai City is thought
Road, takes self-taught expert, indigenous method, new approaches, the pattern of quantum jump, has carried out high-yield high-efficiency cultivation side in peanut cultivation area of the whole district
Method, by the joint efforts of a collection of Wendeng City self-taught expert, technical staff, it is high to explore a suitable Hills mechanical peanut plantation
The new way of production.
The content of the invention
It is low in order to solve above-mentioned plantation peanut land utilization ratio, it is impossible to which that the technical problem of planting with machinery, the present invention provide one
Kind of comprehensive big-fruit type peanut, site preparation and fertilization, variety selection and the seed treatment of middle fruit type peanut, type of seeding, field management and
Evening optimum period receives the peanut high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method of technology.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows：
One cultivates peanut high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method, comprises the following steps：
(1) site preparation and fertilization：In 10-30 days March, select sandy loam or light loam plot of the preceding crop for corn or pachyrhizus,
Mu is applied after farm manure 2000-3000kg or organic commercial fertilizer 300-400kg, quick lime weathering or soil acidification conditioner 50-
75kg, is turned over, and then mu applies peanut proprietary formula Controlled Release Fertilizer 28-32kg and carries out rotary tillage before peanut seeding；Peanut is not
Resistance to continuous cropping, long-term continuous cropping can aggravate subterranean pest-insect, soil-borne disease, and soil nutrient is unbalance, and yield is successively decreased 15%- every year
20%, thus must crop rotation, therefore, select preceding crop as corn or pachyrhizus progress crop rotation, and sandy loam or light loam
Soil layer is deep, topsoil is deeply soft, soil fertility is higher, fertilizer conservation water holding capacity is strong, is adapted to peanut cultivation；Wherein soil acidification conditioner
Middle CaO content more than 40%；
(2) variety selection and seed treatment：Large fruit or middle fruit type peanut varieties of the selection breeding time for 120-130 days, 4
The moon starts to bask seeds 3-4 days for 15-20 days, takes off shell by hand, selects consistent, full seed benevolence kind uniform in size, prior to seeding
Dressed seed within 1-2 days, dried in the shade for broadcasting using seed dressing, wherein, seed dressing component is with peanut seed mu dosage：70% Diacloden 28-
32g, 2.5% fludioxonil 45-55ml, water 280-320ml, peanut seed 13-16kg；For peanut after drying 3-4 days, moisture is reachable
To less than 10%, germination percentage is helped to improve；Wherein, peanut varieties are that colored 33, flower of educating educates 36, mountain flower No. 9, spends and educate in No. 22
It is a kind of；
(3) type of seeding：Carry out mechanical planting 5-15 days May, the mechanical planting can fertilising in ridging, sowing, ridge,
Overlay film is carried out at the same time；Wherein, row spacing 80-90cm, ridge face width 53-58cm, the wide 27-32cm of furrow, the high 13-17cm in ridge, ridge face kind
Plant two row peanuts, small line-spacing 27-32cm, wide row space 53-58cm；Using 2 kinds of modes of bunch planting or single grain fine sowing：Bunch planting way hill spacing
For 15-17cm, 9000-10000 caves per acre, per 2, cave；Single grain fine sowing mode spacing in the rows 10-12cm, 13000-15000 plants per acre；
Apply fertilizer in ridge and be：On ridge, row midline position bag applies peanut proprietary formula Controlled Release Fertilizer 18-22kg per acre, and overlay film selects degradablely
Film, thickness 0.004-0.006mm, the wide 85-95cm of film；
(4) field management：
1) weed control：Sprayed before after planting carrying out bud using herbicide, wherein using herbicidal composition and dosage per acre
For 96% S-metolachlor 95-105ml；
2) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and control growth；Prevent the diseases and aphid, bollworm etc. such as brown spot, net blotch, shot hole
Insect pest, controls peanut excessive growth, prevents early ageing；
3) watering water drainage：Bloom the knit stitch phase, watering or row's product make water capacity be 60-70%；
(5) harvest in proper late：Harvested after peanut maturation.It is recommended that harvest time mechanical harvest after September 25 days.
Further, the peanut proprietary formula Controlled Release Fertilizer described in step (1) and (3) is (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium) N-P-K formulas
One kind in 16-4-10, N-P-K formula 12-6-12, N-P-K formula 14-7-11 and N-P-K formulas 16-10-16.Further
Ground, the 1 of step (4)) herbicidal composition described in weed control and dosage further include 50% prometryn 100-150g.Further
Ground, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and control growth concretely comprises the following steps in step (4)：
1. after emergence in 30 days, when hundred pier peanuts there are thousand aphids, 2500- is diluted with 10% imidacloprid 10-15g per acre
3000 times of sprayings；Or when seedling is weak, 1500-1600 times of enhancing peanut resistance germ of spraying is diluted into 18-22g with sterilizing per acre
Ability, while dilute 1000-1500 times of liquid with 75-100g potassium dihydrogen phosphates per acre and spray；Spray foliar fertilizer rush weak seedling and turn strong；
2. 20-30 days June, mu is watered 1200-1500 times of dilution with the 60% azoles ether Carbatene of 18-22g and sprays；
3. 1-5 days July, spraying pesticide, farm chemical ingredients and dosage is per acre：30% benzene first propiconazole 18-
22ml, bollworm insecticide, peanut excusing from death treasured 18-22g and water 25-30kg, wherein bollworm insecticide is 40% chlorine worm benzene first
Acid amides Diacloden 6-8g or 5% emamectin benzoate 8-12ml；40% chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam is used during the big generation of bollworm,
Bollworm uses 5% emamectin benzoate when occurring lighter, is had children outside the state plan when plant height reaches when 35-40cm has excessive growth trend using peanut
It is precious；
4. 20-25 days July, again spraying pesticide, farm chemical ingredients and dosage is per acre：30% benzene first propiconazole
18-22ml, 5% emamectin benzoate 8-12ml, peanut excusing from death treasured 18-22g and water 25-30kg, have apprentice when plant height reaches 35-40cm
It is precious using peanut excusing from death during long trend.
Further, the peanut ripeness standard described in step (5) is：Plant top not regrowth, plant middle part exceed
The leaf abscission of 70% quantity, upper leaves turn yellow, and blade does not reclose during the dusk.
Further, the peanut ripeness standard described in step (5) is：Pod reticulate pattern more than 70-80% quantity understands,
Spongy layer has black glossy in shell, and full seed, it is rubescent to plant skin.
Further, the peanut ripeness standard described in step (5) is：Pod after mean temperature drops to less than 15 DEG C round the clock
Fruit not regrowth.
Compared with traditional conventional cultivation method, the present invention has the following advantages：(1) fertilizer amount is few, and the reasonable non-stage applies
Fertilizer, reduces the usage amount of fertilizer, reduces planting cost；(2) cost is low, mechanical planting, mechanical harvest, reduce manually into
This；(3) yield is high, and present invention plantation peanut yield improves 30% or so, and cavity phenomenon is few.
Embodiment
By being that embodiment is further described the present invention in detail below, those skilled in the art are made more to understand this
Inventive technique scheme, non-limiting implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, is only intended to illustrate the present invention, the technology of this area
Personnel can thinking technological parameter be according to the present invention completely protection scope of the present invention.
The fertilizer that the present invention uses and pesticide are conventional products, and farm manure is provided by local peasant household.
5 points are chosen in In Shandong Weihai area of Wendeng City, each point chooses 2 mu of Peanut Fields, and each point is divided into 2 parts, every part 1
Mu, is respectively designated as model field and control field, wherein model field cultural method using the present invention, and control field is conventional using peasant
Cultural method.Model field cultural method is as follows：
Embodiment 1 one is cultivated peanut the cultural method of high-yield and high-efficiency
Model field 1, Hou Jia towns Bei Aocun；
The method and step is：
(1) site preparation and fertilization：March 28, sandy loam plot of one mu of preceding crop for corn is selected, mu applies organic commercial fertilizer
400kg, using 75kg after quick lime weathering, turned over, then mu applies peanut proprietary formula Controlled Release Fertilizer before peanut seeding
30kg simultaneously carries out rotary tillage；
(2) variety selection and seed treatment：Selection peanut varieties flower educates No. 36, started April 15 to bask seeds 3 days, takes off by hand
Shell, is selected consistent, full seed benevolence kind uniform in size, is dressed seed within 1 day, dried in the shade for broadcasting using seed dressing prior to seeding, its
In, seed dressing component is with peanut seed mu dosage：70% Diacloden 30g, 2.5% fludioxonil 50ml, water 300ml, peanut kind
Sub- 15kg；
(3) type of seeding：Carried out mechanical planting on May 10, the mechanical planting is to apply fertilizer, cover in ridging, sowing, ridge
Film is carried out at the same time, wherein, row spacing 85cm, ridge face width 55cm, the wide 30cm of furrow, the high 15cm in ridge, two row peanuts, small row are planted in ridge face
Away from 30cm, wide row space 55cm, colleague's peanut bunch planting plantation hill spacing is 15cm, per acre 10000 cave, and applying fertilizer per 2, cave, in ridge is：
On ridge, row midline position bag applies peanut proprietary formula Controlled Release Fertilizer 20kg per acre, overlay film selection degradable mulch, thickness 0.005mm,
The wide 90cm of film；
(4) field management：
1) weed control：Sprayed before after planting carrying out bud using herbicide, wherein using herbicidal composition and dosage per acre
For 96% S-metolachlor 100ml and 50% prometryn 100g；
2) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and control growth；
1. after emergence in 30 days, no pest damage, without spraying pesticide.
2. June 20, mu is watered 1500 times of sprayings of dilution with the 60% azoles ether Carbatene of 20g；
3. July 3, spraying pesticide, farm chemical ingredients and dosage is per acre：30% benzene first propiconazole 20ml, 5%
Emamectin benzoate 12ml, peanut excusing from death treasured 20g and water 30kg；
4. July 20, again spraying pesticide, farm chemical ingredients and dosage is per acre：30% benzene first propiconazole
20ml, 5% emamectin benzoate 10ml, peanut excusing from death treasured 20g and water 25kg；
3) watering water drainage：Bloom the knit stitch phase, watering makes water capacity be 70%；
(5) harvest in proper late：The ripe harvesting of September peanut on the 26th, ripeness standard are：Plant top not regrowth, plant middle part
More than the leaf abscission of 70% quantity, upper leaves turn yellow, and blade does not reclose during the dusk.
Peanut proprietary formula Controlled Release Fertilizer wherein described in step (1) and (3) is formulated 16-4-10 for N-P-K.
Embodiment 2 one is cultivated peanut the cultural method of high-yield and high-efficiency
Model field 2, high villages and small towns Xin Dianzicun；
The method and step is：
(1) site preparation and fertilization：March 10, sandy loam plot of one mu of preceding crop for corn is selected, mu applies organic commercial fertilizer
300kg, using 50kg after quick lime weathering, turned over, then mu applies peanut proprietary formula Controlled Release Fertilizer before peanut seeding
28kg simultaneously carries out rotary tillage；
(2) variety selection and seed treatment：Selection peanut varieties flower educates No. 33, started April 15 to bask seeds 4 days, takes off by hand
Shell, is selected consistent, full seed benevolence kind uniform in size, is dressed seed within 2 days, dried in the shade for broadcasting using seed dressing prior to seeding, its
In, seed dressing component is with peanut seed mu dosage：70% Diacloden 28g, 2.5% fludioxonil 45ml, water 280ml, peanut kind
Sub- 13kg；
(3) type of seeding：Carried out mechanical planting on May 5, the mechanical planting is to apply fertilizer, cover in ridging, sowing, ridge
Film is carried out at the same time, wherein, row spacing 85cm, ridge face width 55cm, the wide 30cm of furrow, the high 15cm in ridge, two row peanuts, small row are planted in ridge face
Away from 30cm, wide row space 55cm, colleague's peanut cultivation spacing in the rows is 10cm, and 15000 plants per acre, applying fertilizer in ridge is：In ridge row center line position
Put bag and apply peanut proprietary formula Controlled Release Fertilizer 18kg per acre, overlay film selection degradable mulch, thickness 0.004mm, the wide 85cm of film；
(4) field management：
1) weed control：Sprayed before after planting carrying out bud using herbicide, wherein using herbicidal composition and dosage per acre
For 96% S-metolachlor 95ml and 50% prometryn 150g；
2) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and control growth；
1. 25 days after emergence, dilute 3000 times of sprayings with 10% imidacloprid 15g；
2. June 30, mu is watered 1000 times of sprayings of dilution with the 60% azoles ether Carbatene of 18g；
3. July 1, spraying pesticide, farm chemical ingredients and dosage is per acre：30% benzene first propiconazole 18ml,
40% chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam 6g, peanut excusing from death treasured 22g and water 25kg；
4. July 25, again spraying pesticide, farm chemical ingredients and dosage is per acre：30% benzene first propiconazole
18ml, 5% emamectin benzoate 8ml, peanut excusing from death treasured 22g and water 30kg；
3) watering water drainage：Bloom the knit stitch phase, watering makes water capacity be 60%；
(5) harvest in proper late：September 26 days, the ripe harvesting of peanut, ripeness standard are：It is clear more than the pod reticulate pattern of 70% quantity
Chu, spongy layer has a black glossy in shell, full seed, and kind skin is rubescent.
Peanut proprietary formula Controlled Release Fertilizer described in step (1) and (3) is formulated 12-6-12 for N-P-K.
Embodiment 3 one is cultivated peanut the cultural method of high-yield and high-efficiency
Model field 3, Zetou Zhen Feng mountain villages；
The method and step is：
(1) site preparation and fertilization：March 30, light loam plot of one mu of preceding crop for pachyrhizus is selected, mu applies farm manure
Soil acidification conditioner 50kg is used after 2000kg weathering, is turned over, then mu applies peanut proprietary formula before peanut seeding
Controlled Release Fertilizer 32kg simultaneously carries out rotary tillage；
(2) variety selection and seed treatment：Peanut varieties mountain flower No. 9 is selected, started April 20 to bask seeds 4 days, takes off by hand
Shell, is selected consistent, full seed benevolence kind uniform in size, is dressed seed within 2 days, dried in the shade for broadcasting using seed dressing prior to seeding, its
In, seed dressing component is with peanut seed mu dosage：70% Diacloden 32g, 2.5% fludioxonil 55ml, water 320ml, peanut kind
Sub- 16kg；
(3) type of seeding：May 15 carried out mechanical planting, and the mechanical planting can be applied fertilizer in ridging, sowing, ridge, covered
Film is carried out at the same time, wherein, row spacing 90cm, ridge face width 58cm, the wide 32cm of furrow, the high 17cm in ridge, two row peanuts, small row are planted in ridge face
Away from 32cm, wide row space 58cm, colleague's peanut cultivation hill spacing is 17cm, per acre 9000 cave, and applying fertilizer per 2, cave, in ridge is：In ridge row
Midline position bag applies peanut proprietary formula Controlled Release Fertilizer 22kg per acre, overlay film selection degradable mulch, thickness 0.006mm, and film is wide
95cm；
(4) field management：
1) weed control：Sprayed before after planting carrying out bud using herbicide, wherein using herbicidal composition and dosage per acre
For 96% S-metolachlor 105ml；
2) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and control growth；
1. 28 days after emergence, 1500 times of sprayings are diluted into 22g with sterilizing per acre, at the same it is dilute with 100g potassium dihydrogen phosphates per acre
Release 1500 times of liquid sprayings；
2. June 30, mu is watered 1200 times of sprayings of dilution with the 60% azoles ether Carbatene of 22g；
3. July 5, spraying pesticide, farm chemical ingredients and dosage is per acre：30% benzene first propiconazole 22ml,
40% chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam 8g, peanut excusing from death treasured 18g and water 25kg；
4. July 25, again spraying pesticide, farm chemical ingredients and dosage is per acre：30% benzene first propiconazole
22ml, 5% emamectin benzoate 12ml, peanut excusing from death treasured 18g and water 30kg；
3) watering water drainage：Bloom the knit stitch phase, watering makes water capacity be 60%；
(5) harvest in proper late：September 26 days, the ripe harvesting of peanut, ripeness standard are：Round the clock mean temperature drop to 15 DEG C with
Pod not regrowth after lower.
Peanut proprietary formula Controlled Release Fertilizer described in step (1) and (3) is formulated 14-7-11 for N-P-K.
Embodiment 4 one is cultivated peanut the cultural method of high-yield and high-efficiency
Model field 4, Ge Jia towns are in members of a family village；
(1) site preparation and fertilization：March 22, sandy loam plot of one mu of preceding crop for corn is selected, mu applies farm manure
Soil acidification conditioner 75kg is used after 3000kg, weathering, is turned over, then mu applies peanut proprietary formula before peanut seeding
Controlled Release Fertilizer 28kg simultaneously carries out rotary tillage；
(2) variety selection and seed treatment：Selection peanut varieties flower educates No. 22, started April 16 to bask seeds 4 days, takes off by hand
Shell, is selected consistent, full seed benevolence kind uniform in size, is dressed seed within 2 days, dried in the shade for broadcasting using seed dressing prior to seeding, its
In, seed dressing component is with peanut seed mu dosage：70% Diacloden 30g, 2.5% fludioxonil 50ml, water 300ml, peanut kind
Sub- 16kg；
(3) type of seeding：Carried out mechanical planting on May 10, the mechanical planting is to apply fertilizer, cover in ridging, sowing, ridge
Film is carried out at the same time, wherein, row spacing 80cm, ridge face width 53cm, the wide 27cm of furrow, the high 13cm in ridge, two row peanuts, small row are planted in ridge face
Away from 27cm, wide row space 53cm, colleague's peanut cultivation spacing in the rows is 12cm, and 13000 plants per acre, applying fertilizer in ridge is：In ridge row center line position
Put bag and apply peanut proprietary formula Controlled Release Fertilizer 18kg per acre, overlay film selection degradable mulch, thickness 0.004mm, the wide 85cm of film；
(4) field management：
1) weed control：Sprayed before after planting carrying out bud using herbicide, wherein using herbicidal composition and dosage per acre
For 96% S-metolachlor 95ml and 50% prometryn 150g；
2) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and control growth；
1. 30 days after emergence, dilute 2500 times of sprayings with 10% imidacloprid 10g；
2. June 30, mu is watered 1200 times of sprayings of dilution with the 60% azoles ether Carbatene of 18g；
3. July 1, spraying pesticide, farm chemical ingredients and dosage is per acre：30% benzene first propiconazole 18ml, 5%
Emamectin benzoate 12ml, peanut excusing from death treasured 20g and water 25kg；
4. July 25, again spraying pesticide, farm chemical ingredients and dosage is per acre：30% benzene first propiconazole
18ml, 5% emamectin benzoate 8ml, peanut excusing from death treasured 20g and water 30kg；
3) watering water drainage：Bloom the knit stitch phase, watering makes water capacity be 60%；
(5) harvest in proper late：September 26 days, the ripe harvesting of peanut, ripeness standard are：It is clear more than the pod reticulate pattern of 70% quantity
Chu, spongy layer has a black glossy in shell, full seed, and kind skin is rubescent.
Peanut proprietary formula Controlled Release Fertilizer described in step (1) and (3) is formulated 16-10-16 for N-P-K.
Embodiment 5 one is cultivated peanut the cultural method of high-yield and high-efficiency
Model field 5, Longshan Ban Jin ridges mountain villa；
Difference with embodiment 1 is 2 in step (4)) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and control growth, 1. emerge after 25 days, use per acre
Sterilize into 18g and dilute 1600 times of sprayings, while dilute 1000 times of liquid with 75g potassium dihydrogen phosphates per acre and spray；Other same embodiments
1。
Comparative example 1 one is cultivated peanut the cultural method of high-yield and high-efficiency
Difference from embodiment 1 is that step (4) is different, and it is precious not apply peanut excusing from death.Specially：2) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and control
Growth；
1. in seedling stage, dilute 1500 times of sprayings with sterilizing into 20g per acre, while per acre with 100g potassium dihydrogen phosphates dilution 1500
The spraying of times liquid；
2. June 30, mu is watered 1200 times of sprayings of dilution with the 60% azoles ether Carbatene of 22g；
3. July 3, spraying pesticide, farm chemical ingredients and dosage is per acre：30% benzene first propiconazole 20ml, 5%
Emamectin benzoate 12ml and water 30kg；
4. July 20, again spraying pesticide, farm chemical ingredients and dosage is per acre：30% benzene first propiconazole
20ml, 5% emamectin benzoate 10ml and water 25kg；
Other are the same as embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2 one is cultivated peanut the cultural method of high-yield and high-efficiency
Difference from embodiment 2 is that step (4) is different, few once to go and buy Chinese medicine, and is specially：
(4) field management：
1) weed control：Sprayed before after planting carrying out bud using herbicide, wherein using herbicidal composition and dosage per acre
For 96% S-metolachlor 95ml and 50% prometryn 150g；
2) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and control growth；
1. 25 days after emergence, dilute 3000 times of sprayings with 10% imidacloprid 15g；
2. June 30, mu is watered 1000 times of sprayings of dilution with the 60% azoles ether Carbatene of 18g；
3. July 1, spraying pesticide, farm chemical ingredients and dosage is per acre：30% benzene first propiconazole 18ml,
40% chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam 6g, peanut excusing from death treasured 22g and water 25kg；
Other are the same as embodiment 2.
Comparative example 3 one is cultivated peanut the cultural method of high-yield and high-efficiency
Difference from embodiment 3 is that step (1) is different, not organic fertilizer；Other are the same as embodiment 3.
Comparative example 4 one is cultivated peanut the cultural method of high-yield and high-efficiency
Difference from embodiment 4 is that step (1) is different, not soil acidification conditioner；Other are the same as embodiment 4.
Comparative example 5 one is cultivated peanut the cultural method of high-yield and high-efficiency
Difference with embodiment 5 is that continuous cropping farming is used in step (1), and preceding crop is peanut；Other are the same as embodiment 5.
Test example 1, harvesting parameter
Subjects：The flower obtained using the peanut high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method described in embodiment 1-5 and comparative example 1-5
It is raw；
Test method：The peanut that same place is planted respectively carries out yield comparison, specific as shown in table 1.
1 peanut high-yield high-efficiency cultivation per mu yield of table counts
From table 1 it follows that 1-5 average yield per mu peanut 509.02kg of the embodiment of the present invention, comparative example 1-5 average yield per mus
Peanut 388.78kg, it is average to increase production 120.24kg, volume increase 31.04% per acre；Also, every group of comparative example in same place is than reality
Apply a low output.
Claims (7)
1. one cultivates peanut high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method, it is characterised in that comprises the following steps：
(1) site preparation and fertilization：In 10-30 days March, select preceding crop to be applied for the sandy loam or light loam plot, mu of corn or pachyrhizus
After farm manure 2000-3000kg or organic commercial fertilizer 300-400kg, quick lime weathering or soil acidification conditioner 50-75kg, into
Row is turned over, and then mu applies peanut proprietary formula Controlled Release Fertilizer 28-32kg and carries out rotary tillage before peanut seeding；
(2) variety selection and seed treatment：Select large fruit or middle fruit type peanut varieties of the breeding time for 120-130 days, April
Start within 15-20 days to bask seeds 3-4 days, take off shell by hand, select consistent, full seed benevolence kind uniform in size, prior to seeding 1-2
It is dressed seed using seed dressing, is dried in the shade for broadcasting, wherein, seed dressing component is with peanut seed mu dosage：70% Diacloden 28-32g,
2.5% fludioxonil 45-55ml, water 280-320ml, peanut seed 13-16kg；
(3) type of seeding：Carry out mechanical planting 5-15 days May, the mechanical planting can apply fertilizer in ridging, sowing, ridge, overlay film
It is carried out at the same time；Wherein, row spacing 80-90cm, ridge face width 53-58cm, the wide 27-32cm of furrow, the high 13-17cm in ridge, ridge face plantation two
Row peanut, small line-spacing 27-32cm, wide row space 53-58cm；Using 2 kinds of modes of bunch planting or single grain fine sowing：Bunch planting way hill spacing is
15-17cm, 9000-10000 caves per acre, per 2, cave；Single grain fine sowing mode spacing in the rows 10-12cm, 13000-15000 plants per acre；Ridge
Middle fertilising is：On ridge, row midline position bag applies peanut proprietary formula Controlled Release Fertilizer 18-22kg per acre, and overlay film selects degradable mulch,
Thickness 0.004-0.006mm, the wide 85-95cm of film；
(4) field management：
1) weed control：Sprayed before after planting carrying out bud using herbicide, wherein being using herbicidal composition and dosage per acre
96% S-metolachlor 95-105ml；
2) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and control growth；
3) watering water drainage：Bloom the knit stitch phase, watering or row's product make water capacity be 60-70%；
(5) harvest in proper late：Harvested after peanut maturation.
2. according to claim 1 one cultivates peanut high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method, it is characterised in that institute in step (1) and (3)
The peanut proprietary formula Controlled Release Fertilizer stated for N-P-K be formulated 16-4-10, N-P-K be formulated 12-6-12, N-P-K be formulated 14-7-11 with
One kind in N-P-K formulas 16-10-16.
3. according to claim 1 one cultivates peanut high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method, it is characterised in that the 1 of step (4)) weeds
Herbicidal composition and dosage described in preventing and kill off further include 50% prometryn 100-150g.
4. according to claim 1 one cultivates peanut high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method, it is characterised in that pest and disease damage in step (4)
What prevention and control were grown concretely comprises the following steps：
1. after emergence in 30d, when hundred pier peanuts there are thousand aphids, 2500-3000 times is diluted with 10% imidacloprid 10-15g per acre
Spraying；Or when seedling is weak, 1500-1600 times is diluted into 18-22g with sterilizing per acre and sprayed, while use 75-100g phosphoric acid per acre
Potassium dihydrogen dilutes 1000-1500 times of liquid spraying；
2. 20-30 days June, mu is watered 1200-1500 times of dilution with the 60% azoles ether Carbatene of 18-22g and sprays；
3. 1-5 days July, spraying pesticide, farm chemical ingredients and dosage is per acre：30% benzene first propiconazole 18-22ml, cotton
Earworm insecticide, peanut excusing from death treasured 18-22g and water 25-30kg, wherein bollworm insecticide is 40% Rynaxypyr thiophene
Worm piperazine 6-8g or 5% emamectin benzoate 8-12ml；
4. 20-25 days July, again spraying pesticide, farm chemical ingredients and dosage is per acre：30% benzene first propiconazole 18-
22ml, 5% emamectin benzoate 8-12ml, peanut excusing from death treasured 18-22g and water 25-30kg.
5. according to claim 1 one cultivates peanut high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method, it is characterised in that described in step (5)
Peanut ripeness standard is：Plant top not regrowth, turns yellow more than the leaf abscission of 70% quantity, upper leaves in the middle part of plant,
Blade does not reclose during the dusk.
6. according to claim 1 one cultivates peanut high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method, it is characterised in that described in step (5)
Peanut ripeness standard is：Pod reticulate pattern more than 70-80% quantity understands, spongy layer has a black glossy in shell, full seed,
Kind skin is rubescent.
7. according to claim 1 one cultivates peanut high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method, it is characterised in that described in step (5)
Peanut ripeness standard is：Pod not regrowth after mean temperature drops to less than 15 DEG C round the clock.
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| CN111919698A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-11-13 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | High-yield cultivation method of selenium-rich peanuts |
| CN113498721A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-10-15 | 江西泉彩农业高科技开发有限公司 | Space soybean cultivation technology |
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