CN107852126B - 用于运行变频器的方法和变频器 - Google Patents
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- H02M7/53875—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
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- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
- H02M7/53875—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
- H02M7/53876—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output based on synthesising a desired voltage vector via the selection of appropriate fundamental voltage vectors, and corresponding dwelling times
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- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
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- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output
- H02M1/123—Suppression of common mode voltage or current
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于运行变频器的方法,所述变频器被构造用于控制交流电动机,其中所述变频器具有三个半桥,所述半桥分别具有至少两个开关装置,其中所述方法具有以下步骤:‑借助脉宽调制产生用于所述交流电动机的三个相电压,其中为了脉宽调制而激活开关装置的不同开关模式,其中对于不同组的开关模式出现特定的星形接点电压,‑其中在变频器的至少一个运行状态中,在脉宽调制的相应周期(TP)内仅仅激活以下这样的开关模式,在所述开关模式中出现相同的星形接点电压。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行变频器的方法和一种变频器,该变频器被构造用于控制交流电动机。
背景技术
从DE 101 49 270 A1已知一种用于最小化在直流电压中间回路变流器处运行的交流电机中的星形接点电压波动的基于空间向量的开关模式。
发明内容
本发明所基于的任务是提供一种用于运行变频器的方法和一种变频器,以便与DE101 49 270 A1相比较还进一步减小星形接点电压的波动。
本发明通过根据权利要求1的方法和根据权利要求5的变频器来解决所述任务。
方法用于运行变频器、例如直流电压中间回路变流器形式的变频器。变频器被构造用于控制交流电动机或电流电机。变频器通常具有三个半桥。三个半桥中的每个半桥通常具有至少两个开关装置。
借助变频器,借助脉宽调制产生用于交流电动机的三个相电压,其中为了脉宽调制而激活开关装置的不同开关模式,其中对于不同组的开关模式出现组特定的星形接点电压或不同组的开关模式引起组特定的星形接点电压。就此而言也应该参考有关专业文献或DE 101 49 270 A1。
根据本发明,在变频器的至少一个运行状态期间,在脉宽调制的相应的(基本)开关周期内仅激活这样的开关模式,所述开关模式属于开关模式的组之一,即在所述开关模式中出现相同的组特定的星形接点电压。通过该方式可以避免由于开关模式变换所引起的星形接点电压的变化。
本发明意义上的星形接点电压典型地理解为以下这样的电压,该电压的时间变化导致不期望的电流,特别是导致电动机的机械轴承上的漏电。这例如可以是在定子和转子之间作用的电压。在星形电路的情况下,星形接点电压可以是实际的星形接点电压。对于其他的互连,星形接点电压例如可以是虚拟的或假想的星形接点电压,所述虚拟的或假想的星形接点电压例如针对三角形电路的情况能够通过三角形-星形变换来计算。星形电压也可以替代地被称为共模电压。
半桥可以分别具有第一状态,在第一状态期间相应半桥的输出端与正的中间回路电位连接。相应半桥的第一状态用“1”来表示。半桥可以分别具有第二状态,在第二状态期间相应半桥的输出端与负的中间回路电位连接。相应半桥的第二状态用“0”来表示。在至少一个运行状态期间,在脉宽调制的相应周期内,仅激活以下开关模式:或者(100,010,001)或者(011,101,110)。开关模式100,010,001属于第一组开关模式并且开关模式011,101,110属于第二组开关模式,其中一组之内的开关模式能够以任意顺序激活。对于开关模式100,010,001,在脉宽调制的相应周期内,在某一时刻始终仅仅半桥中的恰好一个与正的中间电路电位连接。对于开关模式011,101,110,在脉宽调制的相应周期内,在某一时刻始终仅仅半桥中的恰好一个与负的中间电路电位连接。通过该方式避免星形接点电压的波动。然而,相较于常规的控制方法,最大的可调节的电动机电压减小。
典型地避免在脉宽调制的相继周期之间的组的变换。
变频器的至少一个运行状态可以设定在电动机的阈值转速以下。在脉宽调制的相应周期内,在电动机的阈值转速之上可以激活任意组的开关模式。在阈值转速以下,通常在电动机的轴承中不形成进行保护的油膜,由于星形接点电压的波动而有电流流经所述轴承。因此,根据本发明,在该转速范围中减小或者基本上完全避免星形接点电压的波动,其中在该转速范围中可以承受所减小的电压调节范围。在阈值转速以上,通常形成进行保护的油膜,使得星形接点电压的波动是可容忍的。易于理解的是,切换可以根据阈值转速在考虑合适的滞后现象的情况下进行。阈值转速可以根据以下来选择,即从哪个转速起在电动机的轴承中典型地形成油膜。阈值转速可以通过对不同的电动机类型/轴承类型进行试验来确定。阈值转速可以电动机类型相关地或电动机类型无关地进行选择。作为数量级,阈值转速例如可以处于100转/每分钟至1000转/每分钟之间的范围内。
根据本发明的变频器被构造用于控制交流电动机并且具有三个半桥,所述半桥分别具有至少两个开关装置。变频器还具有控制单元、例如微控制器形式的控制单元。控制单元被构造用于控制开关装置,使得实施根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法。
附图说明
下面详细地参考附图来描述本发明。其中:
图1示出一种变频器,该变频器被构造用于控制交流电动机,其中变频器具有三个半桥,所述半桥分别具有两个开关装置,
图2示出开关装置的开关模式的不同的组和所属的星形接点电压,和
图3示出具有一组开关模式的序列的脉宽调制的周期,该组开关模式具有相同的星形接点电压。
具体实施方式
图1示出被构造用于控制交流电动机2的变频器1。变频器1通常具有三个半桥B1、B2、B3。半桥B1具有两个开关装置S1、S2。半桥B2具有两个开关装置S3、S4。半桥B3具有两个开关装置S5、S6。半桥接入到正的中间回路电位UZK_P和负的中间回路电位UZK_Z之间,其中相应桥的开关装置的连接节点(桥的输出端)与交流电动机2的相端子U、V或W电连接。就此而言,也应该参考有关专业文献。
半桥B1、B2、B3分别具有第一状态,在第一状态期间相应半桥B1、B2、B3的输出端与正的中间回路电位UZK_P连接,其中半桥B1、B2、B3的相应状态用“1”来表示。半桥B1、B2、B3分别具有第二状态,在第二状态期间相应半桥B1、B2、B3的输出端与负的中间回路电位UZK_Z连接,其中半桥B1、B2、B3的相应状态用“0”来表示。
图2示出开关装置S1、S2;S3、S4;S5、S6的开关模式的不同的组G1至G4和星形接点电压US的所属的值。
在组G1中,所有桥B1、B2、B3具有状态1,即开关装置S1、S3、S5闭合并且开关装置S2、S4和S6断开。得出UZK/2的星形接点电压US。
在组G2中,桥B1、B2和B3中的两个具有状态1并且桥B1、B2和B3中的一个具有状态0。得出UZK/6的星形接点电压US。
在组G3中,桥B1、B2和B3中的两个具有状态0并且桥B1、B2和B3中的一个具有状态1。因此得出-UZK/6的星形接点电压US。
在组G4中,所有桥B1、B2、B3具有状态0,即开关装置S1、S3、S5断开并且开关装置S2、S4和S6闭合。得出-UZK/2的星形接点电压US。
根据本发明,在脉宽调制的相应周期内(与参见图3),在电动机2的阈值转速以下,仅设定或者组G2中的开关模式或者组G3中的开关模式。阈值转速可以根据以下来选择,即从哪个转速起在电动机2的轴承中典型地形成油膜。
当机械轴承上的电压短路时,星形接点电压、也即定子与转子之间的电压的波动可以干扰地起作用,其中在轴承的摩擦接触面中可能出现高的电流密度,所述高的电流密度能够短期焊接轴承的接触面。所述焊接在继续转动时被撕开并且导致机械轴承的表面的损坏。这在特别的程度上涉及停顿和在缓慢的转动频率下运行,因为在此还不能形成封闭的绝缘的油膜并且因此在该运行范围内可能发生导电的金属接触。
在低的转速范围内、例如直至电动机的额定转速的大约50%,因此仅仅使用组之一的开关模式,使得不出现轴承电流。在三相系统中,合理地使用组2或3的开关模式。在该转速范围内,典型地不设置在相继或不同的周期中组合地使用组2或3的开关模式。
在高的转速范围内、例如从电动机的额定转速的大约50%起,例如可以在相应的周期内和/或在不同的(相继的)周期内使用与其星形接点电压直接相邻的组中的仅仅两个、例如组2和3,使得相对于常规运行仅仅出现星形接点电压的波动的33%至50%。
易于理解的是,限制到组G2和G3中的开关模式也可以根据其他运行状态或持久地进行。
图3示例性示出具有组G2的开关模式100,010,001的序列的脉宽调制的PWM周期TP,该组G2具有相同的星形接点电压-UZK/6。易于理解的是,开关模式也可以以不同的顺序产生,例如001,010,100等。开关模式的所示出的序列完全防止星形接点电压的波动。
因此,根据本发明,可以尽可能地避免由于星形接点电压的波动所致的轴承电流。这进一步减小了干扰发射并且明显减小故障电流。然而,减小了输出电压的调节范围。
由于防止故障电流开关触发的更小的故障电流,本发明例如可以应用于办公室应用(复印等)和医疗技术(病床的驱动等)中。
在电动机相中在小的输出电压下存在的电流脉动例如可以用于电动机相的线中断识别和用于在无传感器的应用情境下进行分析。
Claims (5)
1.用于运行变频器(1)的方法,所述变频器被构造用于控制交流电动机(2),其中所述变频器(1)具有三个半桥(B1、B2、B3),所述半桥分别具有至少两个开关装置(S1、S2;S3、S4;S5、S6),其中所述方法具有以下步骤:
- 借助脉宽调制产生用于所述交流电动机(2)的三个相电压,其中为了脉宽调制而激活开关装置(S1、S2;S3、S4;S5、S6)的不同开关模式,其中不同组(G1、G2、G3、G4)的开关模式引起特定的星形接点电压(US),
其特征在于,
- 在变频器(1)的至少一个运行状态中,在脉宽调制的相应周期(TP)内仅仅激活以下这样的开关模式,所述开关模式引起相同的星形接点电压。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,
- 所述半桥(B1、B2、B3)分别具有第一状态,在第一状态期间相应半桥(B1、B2、B3)的输出端与正的中间回路电位(UZK_P)连接,第一状态用1来表示,并且所述半桥(B1、B2、B3)分别具有第二状态,在第二状态期间相应半桥(B1、B2、B3)的输出端与负的中间回路电位(UZK_N)连接,第二状态用0来表示,其中在至少一个运行状态中,在脉宽调制的相应周期内仅仅激活以下开关模式:或者(100,010,001)或者(011,101,110)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,
- 变频器的至少一个运行状态设定在电动机(2)的阈值转速以下。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,
- 在电动机(2)的阈值转速以上,在脉宽调制的相应周期(TP)内激活任意组(G1、G2、G3、G4)的开关模式。
5. 一种变频器(1),该变频器被构造用于控制交流电动机(2),所述变频器具有:
- 三个半桥(B1、B2、B3),所述半桥分别具有至少两个开关装置(S1、S2;S3、S4;S5、S6),和
- 控制单元(3),该控制单元被构造用于控制所述开关装置(S1、S2;S3、S4;S5、S6),使得实施根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法。
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CN101860295A (zh) * | 2009-04-02 | 2010-10-13 | 大金工业株式会社 | 电机驱动方法及电机驱动系统、热泵系统、风扇电机系统 |
EP2722978A2 (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2014-04-23 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | System and method for common-mode elimination in a multi-level converter |
CN104009702A (zh) * | 2013-02-20 | 2014-08-27 | 英飞凌科技股份有限公司 | 用于空间矢量调制和增强型空间矢量调制的伪零矢量 |
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DE10149270A1 (de) * | 2001-10-02 | 2003-04-24 | Wilfried Hofmann | Raumzeigerbasiertes Schaltmuster zur Minimierung der Sternpunktspannungsschwankungen bei einer an einem Gleichspannungszwischenkrreisumrichter betriebenen Drehstrommaschine |
CN101860295A (zh) * | 2009-04-02 | 2010-10-13 | 大金工业株式会社 | 电机驱动方法及电机驱动系统、热泵系统、风扇电机系统 |
EP2722978A2 (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2014-04-23 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | System and method for common-mode elimination in a multi-level converter |
CN104009702A (zh) * | 2013-02-20 | 2014-08-27 | 英飞凌科技股份有限公司 | 用于空间矢量调制和增强型空间矢量调制的伪零矢量 |
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