CN107821888A - 软枣猕猴桃果汁及其加工工艺 - Google Patents
软枣猕猴桃果汁及其加工工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了种软枣猕猴桃果汁,所述果汁的原料组成及其按照质量百分比的含量为:软枣猕猴桃果肉原浆20~50%,软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆7.5~13.5%,浓缩雪梨原浆8~20%,柠檬酸0.05~0.4%,CMC0.08~0.2%,余量为水。本发明充分利用了软枣猕猴桃果汁制作过程中剩余的果皮,将果皮制作成软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆,软枣猕猴桃果皮提取物可以防止果汁氧化变色,延长软枣猕猴桃果汁的保质期限;同时果皮中富含果胶,可以促进肠胃蠕动,降低血中胆固醇,预防心血管疾病。使用浓缩雪梨原浆代替甜味剂,雪梨本身具有芳香气味,提供了更佳的饮用口感,使得果汁亮度得到提高,有效地改善软枣猕猴桃的酸味。改良谷朊粉膜的应用保证软枣猕猴桃果实中维生素C不流失,达到保鲜的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及果汁加工领域,尤其是一种软枣猕猴桃果汁及其加工工艺。
背景技术
软枣猕猴桃又名奇异果莓或是软枣奇异果,属猕猴桃科、猕猴桃属。软枣猕猴桃果树分布在我国长白山一带,生长在湿润或者半湿润的阔叶林与针阔叶混交林中,目前这一带的野生资源开发利用较少,对软枣猕猴桃的研究方向也仅集中在营养物质的测定和提取、果脯和果酒的加工等,关于饮料的研究相对匮乏。软枣猕猴桃酸甜可口、食用方便、富含维生素、微量元素、多糖、黄酮、酚类等多种活性物质,具有开胃健脾、美容健体、帮助机体抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤等多种药理功效。但是,软枣猕猴桃是浆果类水果,又在夏季高温情况开始收获,因此不容易储存,特别容易腐败变质,而且个头小品相差,市场上销售的不多。如果做成软枣猕猴桃果汁,可以增加其存储期限,提高软枣猕猴桃市场价值。
软枣猕猴桃与普通猕猴桃不同,具有光滑的表皮,表皮中含有丰富的果胶,包含了软枣猕猴桃中百分之八十的营养,现有的猕猴桃果汁大多采用猕猴桃果肉制成,制作过程中不仅会浪费大量的果皮,而且营养价值较低。现有的猕猴桃果汁大多通过加入甜蜜素、糖精钠等甜味剂来增加果汁的甜度,长时间大量使用甜味剂对身体危害很大,容易引起血小板减少导致急性大出血。
发明内容
本申请人针对上述现有软枣猕猴桃果汁营养价值较低、添加剂较多等缺点,提供一种软枣猕猴桃果汁及其加工工艺,从而为软枣猕猴桃野生资源的开发利用提供新途径和依据。
本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种软枣猕猴桃果汁,所述果汁的原料组成及其按照质量百分比的含量为:
软枣猕猴桃果肉原浆 20~50%
软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆 7.5~13.5%
浓缩雪梨原浆 8~20%
柠檬酸 0.05~0.4%
CMC 0.08~0.2%【CMC为:羧甲基纤维素钠(食品级)】
余量为水。
进一步的,所述果汁的原料组成及其按照质量百分比的含量为:
软枣猕猴桃果肉原浆 38%
软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆 12%
浓缩雪梨原浆 16%
柠檬酸 0.25%
CMC 0.16%
余量为水。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进:浓缩雪梨原浆也可以是雪梨原汁,柠檬酸也可以是浓缩柠檬汁或柠檬原汁。
一种上述任一项所述的软枣猕猴桃果汁的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)软枣猕猴桃的预处理:将软枣猕猴桃的果皮和果肉分离,清洗干净,分开放置于冷冻柜储藏备用;
(2)软枣猕猴桃果肉原浆的制备:称取软枣猕猴桃果肉,按照1:1的料液比加入一定体积的水用料理机打成匀浆并加热到65~72℃左右,冷却后加入果胶酶进行酶解,加热到72~77℃左右使酶灭活。在1000r/min条件下高速离心10min并取上清液得到猕猴桃原浆;
(3)软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆的制备:将洗净的软枣猕猴桃皮烘干,粉碎得到软枣猕猴桃皮粉;以乙醇作为溶剂,加入软枣猕猴桃皮粉,料液比为1:20,浸提,调节PH 值,浸提,过滤除渣,离心浓缩,对浓缩液冷冻干燥1~2天,得到乳白色或微黄色粉末或片状结晶提取物,将100g提取物溶于蒸馏水得到软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆备用;
(4)软枣猕猴桃果汁的制备:将设定配比的软枣猕猴桃果肉原浆、软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆、浓缩雪梨原浆、柠檬酸、CMC、水混合,搅拌。(5)果汁过滤与均质:用400目绢布再次过滤得到较为细腻的软枣猕猴桃果汁,最后用均质机在20MPa下进行均质;
(6)果汁灭菌:采用高温瞬时灭菌方法(115℃,30s)。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进:步骤(1)中的软枣猕猴桃果实和果皮使用改良谷朊粉膜处理后再放入冷冻柜储藏。
步骤(2)中的软枣猕猴桃果实先用NaCl溶液浸泡30min进行护色处理。
步骤(2)中的果胶酶的用量为0.03%~0.15%。
步骤(2)中冷却到45~55℃并加入果胶酶进行酶解,酶解时间为1~3h。
步骤(3)中的浸提温度为35~39℃, PH 值调节为3~4,浸提2~3 天。
步骤(3)中软枣猕猴桃皮粉的制备工艺是:将洗净的新鲜软枣猕猴桃皮在45~50℃条件下烘6~8h,粉碎,然后过80~100 目。
本发明的有益效果如下:
(1)软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆相比果实原浆富含更多的维生素C,软枣猕猴桃果皮提取物可以使果实原浆中的SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)保持较高活性,防止果汁氧化变色,保持谷胱甘肽还原酶等酶的活性,抑制合成酶的活性,延长软枣猕猴桃果汁的保质期限;软枣猕猴桃果皮中富含果胶,可以促进肠胃蠕动,降低血中胆固醇,预防心血管疾病;充分利用了软枣猕猴桃果皮,减少了不必要的浪费;特定的处理方法使果皮在保留营养价值的同时降低果皮的酸味,大大提高了果皮原浆的口感;
(2)使用浓缩雪梨原浆代替甜味剂,雪梨本身具有芳香气味,还有有润肺健胃的效果,一方面提供了更佳的饮用口感,另一方面使得果汁亮度得到提高,制得的软枣猕猴桃果汁具有更好的外观品质;降低了软枣猕猴桃果实、果皮原浆中有机酸和可溶性固形物的含量,抑制软枣猕猴桃中多糖的转化和可滴定酸的流失,有效地改善软枣猕猴桃的酸味;
(3)改良谷朊粉膜的应用在保证软枣猕猴桃果实中维生素C不流失的同时还可以通过自身的呼吸作用来调节果实酶的活性起到较好的保鲜效果,降低软枣猕猴桃中MDA(丙二醛)的含量,从而达到保鲜的效果;
(4)该配方果汁饮料维生素C保存率可以达到78.5~82.6%,营养价值高,成品饮料颜色为嫩黄绿色,口感细腻,酸甜可口,无杂质,流动性较好,具有明显的软枣猕猴桃果香和雪梨清香,同时又没有新鲜软枣猕猴桃的酸涩感,酸甜适宜。制作方式简单可行,可以运用于实际生产。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步说明。
实施例1~4
(1)软枣猕猴桃的预处理:挑选没有病虫害、表面光滑、没有磕碰的软枣猕猴桃果实,将软枣猕猴桃的果皮和果肉分离,清洗干净。使用改良谷朊粉膜处理后分开放置于冷冻柜储藏备用。(2)软枣猕猴桃果肉原浆的制备:称取一定质量的软枣猕猴桃果肉,用NaCl溶液浸泡30min进行护色处理,按照1:1的料液比加入一定体积的水用料理机打成匀浆并加热到70℃左右,冷却到50℃并加入0.05%果胶酶进行酶解2h,加热到75℃左右使酶灭活。1000r/min条件下高速离心10min取上清液得到猕猴桃原浆。(3)软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆的制备:将洗净的软枣猕猴桃皮烘干,粉碎得到软枣猕猴桃皮粉;再以乙醇(食用级)作为溶剂,加入软枣猕猴桃皮粉,料液比为1:20,浸提温度为37℃,调节PH 值至3.5,浸提2 天,过滤除渣,离心浓缩,浓缩液冷冻干燥1天,得到乳白色或微黄色粉末或片状结晶提取物,将100g提取物溶于蒸馏水得到软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆备用。(4)软枣猕猴桃果汁的制备:按照表1的配比将软枣猕猴桃果肉原浆,与软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆、浓缩雪梨原浆、柠檬酸、CMC混合,搅拌。(5)果汁过滤与均质:用400目绢布再次过滤,用均质机在20MPa下进行均质。(6)果汁灭菌:高温瞬时灭菌方法(115℃,30s)。
比较例1~2
如表1所示,比较例1不添加软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆,比较例2用16%白砂糖代替浓缩雪梨原浆,其他添加原料与实施例4相同。制作方法同实施例1~4。
表1
感官评定测试方法:随机抽取50名评分员对果汁饮料进行感官评价,评定标准见表2,评定结果取平均值见表1。
表2
维生素C含量测试方法:直接取成品软枣猕猴桃果汁饮料30mL与等量 20g/L的草酸溶液混匀后取5mL均匀混合溶液,用10g/L草酸溶液定容到100mL后取滤液10mL加入10mL草酸(10g/L)和适量酸性活性炭,静置1min后过滤;在样品管和空白管中分别加入2mL滤液与1滴硫脲溶液;在样品管中加入0.5mL2,4-二硝基苯肼,两个试管在37℃水浴锅中密封保温3h后样品管冰水冷却10min,空白管冷却到室温加入0.5mL2,4-二硝基苯肼;在冰水中水浴两管并分别慢慢地震荡加入硫酸2mL(滴加时间超过1min),溶液恢复室温后在分光光度计520nm出测量样品吸光度。平行测定三次最后取含量平均值。维生素C含量计算见公式(1)。
w(mg/100g)=c×200 公式(1)
(c表示通过标准曲线得到的维生素C浓度,200表示稀释倍数)
从表1中可以看出实施例4的果汁配比分数最为突出,感官评测和维生素C含量均为最高。比较例1与实施例4相比没有添加软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆,其他添加成分均一致,测试得到的维生素C含量明显低于实施例4,这是因为软枣猕猴桃果皮比果实富含更多的维生素C,处理后的果皮在保留营养价值的同时降低果皮的酸味,大大提高了果皮原浆的口感,因此感评结果也比较高。软枣猕猴桃果皮提取物可以使果实原浆中的SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)保持较高活性,防止果汁氧化变色,抑制合成酶的活性,延长软枣猕猴桃果汁的保质期限,同样会影响口感以及感官评价。比较例2以16%白砂糖代替浓缩雪梨原浆,控制其他添加成分不变,结果显示感官评测明显低于实施例4,维生素C含量也低于实施例4,这是因为白砂糖的缺少梨味的芳香。浓缩雪梨原浆一方面提供了更佳的饮用口感,另一方面使得果汁亮度得到提高,制得的软枣猕猴桃果汁具有更好的外观品质;降低了软枣猕猴桃果实、果皮原浆中有机酸和可溶性固形物的含量,抑制软枣猕猴桃中多糖的转化和可滴定酸的流失,有效地改善软枣猕猴桃的酸味,这些因素都会影响感官评价。
实施例5
步骤(1)与实施例4相同,步骤(2)软枣猕猴桃果肉原浆的制备:称取一定质量的软枣猕猴桃果肉,用NaCl溶液浸泡30min进行护色处理,按照1:1的料液比加入一定体积的水用料理机打成匀浆并加热到68℃左右,冷却到55℃并加入0.09%果胶酶进行酶解1.5h,加热到72℃左右使酶灭活。在1000r/min条件下高速离心10min并取上清液得到猕猴桃原浆。(3)软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆的制备:将洗净的软枣猕猴桃皮烘干,粉碎得到软枣猕猴桃皮粉;以乙醇(食用级)作为溶剂,加入软枣猕猴桃皮粉,料液比为1:20,浸提温度为35℃,调节PH 值至3,浸提3天,过滤除渣,离心浓缩,对浓缩液冷冻干燥2天,得到乳白色或微黄色粉末或片状结晶提取物,将100g提取物溶于蒸馏水得到软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆备用。步骤(4)~(6)与实施例4相同。
实施例6
步骤(1)与实施例4相同,步骤(2)软枣猕猴桃果肉原浆的制备:称取一定质量的软枣猕猴桃果肉,用NaCl溶液浸泡30min进行护色处理,按照1:1的料液比加入一定体积的水用料理机打成匀浆并加热到72℃左右,冷却到55℃并加入0.03%果胶酶进行酶解3h,加热到77℃左右使酶灭活。在1000r/min条件下高速离心10min并取上清液得到猕猴桃原浆。(3)软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆的制备:将洗净的软枣猕猴桃皮烘干,粉碎得到软枣猕猴桃皮粉;以乙醇(食用级)作为溶剂,加入软枣猕猴桃皮粉,料液比为1:20,浸提温度为39℃,调节PH 值至4,浸提2.5天,过滤除渣,离心浓缩,对浓缩液冷冻干燥1.5天,得到乳白色或微黄色粉末或片状结晶提取物,将100g提取物溶于蒸馏水得到软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆备用。步骤(4)~(6)与实施例4相同。
实施例7
(1)软枣猕猴桃的预处理:挑选没有病虫害、表面光滑、没有磕碰的软枣猕猴桃果实,将软枣猕猴桃的果皮和果肉分离,清洗干净,分别放置于冷冻柜里储藏备用。(2)软枣猕猴桃果肉原浆的制备:称取一定质量的软枣猕猴桃果肉,用NaCl溶液浸泡30min进行护色处理,按照1:1的料液比加入一定体积的水用料理机打成匀浆并加热到72℃左右,冷却到55℃并加入0.03%果胶酶进行酶解3h,加热到77℃左右使酶灭活。在1000r/min条件下高速离心10min并取上清液得到猕猴桃原浆。(3)软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆的制备:将洗净的新鲜软枣猕猴桃皮在50℃条件下烘6h,粉碎,然后过100目,得到软枣猕猴桃皮粉;以乙醇(食用级)作为溶剂,加入软枣猕猴桃皮粉,料液比为1:20,浸提温度为39℃,调节PH 值至4,浸提2.5天,过滤除渣,离心浓缩,对浓缩液冷冻干燥1.5天,得到乳白色或微黄色粉末或片状结晶提取物,将100g提取物溶于蒸馏水得到软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆备用。步骤(4)~(6)与实施例4相同。
以实施例4~7分别与其原果的维生素含量C进行对比,计算得到软枣猕猴桃果汁饮料的维生素C保存率。
分别取维生素C标准溶液20mL,40mL,60mL,80mL,100mL定容到100mL得到浓度分别为2μg/mL、4μg/mL、6μg/mL、8μg/mL、10μg/mL的标准梯度溶液在最大吸光度520nm处进行测定得到吸光度,得到维生素C吸光度标准曲线回归方程为y=0.0225x+0.02,R2=0.9968(x为维生素C浓度,μg/mL,y为吸光值)。计算得到原果的维生素C含量为111.31 mg/100g,软枣猕猴桃果汁饮料的维生素C保存率为维生素含量C/原果的维生素C含量*100%。计算结果见表3。
表3
实施例7中的果皮和果肉没有使用改良谷朊粉膜处理,直接放在冷冻柜里储藏,通过表3可以看出,实施例7得到的软枣猕猴桃果汁维生素C的含量明显低于使用改良谷朊粉膜处理过的实施例4~6,这是因为改良谷朊粉膜可以通过自身的呼吸作用来调节果实酶的活性,降低软枣猕猴桃中MDA(丙二醛)的含量,从而达到保鲜的效果。该配方果汁饮料维生素C保存率可以达到78.5~82.6%,营养价值高,具有明显的软枣猕猴桃果香和雪梨清香,同时又没有新鲜软枣猕猴桃的酸涩感,酸甜适宜,被大多数人接受。制作方式简单可行,可以运用于实际生产。
以上描述是对本发明的解释,不是对发明的限定,在不违背本发明精神的情况下,本发明可以作任何形式的修改。例如本发明的浓缩雪梨原浆也可以是雪梨原汁,柠檬酸也可以是浓缩柠檬汁或柠檬原汁。
Claims (10)
1.一种软枣猕猴桃果汁,其特征在于:所述果汁的原料组成及其按照质量百分比的含量为:
软枣猕猴桃果肉原浆 20~50%
软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆 7.5~13.5%
浓缩雪梨原浆 8~20%
柠檬酸 0.05~0.4%
CMC 0.08~0.2%
余量为水。
2.按照权利要求1所述的软枣猕猴桃果汁,其特征在于:所述果汁的原料组成及其按照质量百分比的含量为:
软枣猕猴桃果肉原浆 38%
软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆 12%
浓缩雪梨原浆 16%
柠檬酸 0.25%
CMC 0.16%
余量为水。
3.按照权利要求1所述的软枣猕猴桃果汁,其特征在于:浓缩雪梨原浆是雪梨原汁,柠檬酸是浓缩柠檬汁或柠檬原汁。
4.一种权利要求1至3中任一项所述的软枣猕猴桃果汁的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)软枣猕猴桃的预处理:将软枣猕猴桃的果皮和果肉分离,清洗干净,分开放置于冷冻柜储藏备用;
(2)软枣猕猴桃果肉原浆的制备:称取软枣猕猴桃果肉,按照1:1的料液比加入一定体积的水用料理机打成匀浆并加热到65~72℃左右,冷却后加入果胶酶进行酶解,加热到72~77℃左右使酶灭活,在1000r/min条件下高速离心10min并取上清液得到猕猴桃原浆;
(3)软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆的制备:将洗净的软枣猕猴桃皮烘干,粉碎得到软枣猕猴桃皮粉;以乙醇作为溶剂,加入软枣猕猴桃皮粉,料液比为1:20,浸提,调节PH 值,浸提,过滤除渣,离心浓缩,对浓缩液冷冻干燥1~2天,得到乳白色或微黄色粉末或片状结晶提取物,将100g提取物溶于蒸馏水得到软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆备用;
(4)软枣猕猴桃果汁的制备:将设定配比的软枣猕猴桃果肉原浆、软枣猕猴桃果皮原浆、浓缩雪梨原浆、柠檬酸、CMC、水混合,搅拌;
(5)果汁过滤与均质:用400目绢布再次过滤得到较为细腻的软枣猕猴桃果汁,最后用均质机在20MPa下进行均质;
(6)果汁灭菌:采用高温瞬时灭菌方法(115℃,30s)。
5.按照权利要求3所述的软枣猕猴桃果汁的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中的软枣猕猴桃果实和果皮使用改良谷朊粉膜处理后再放入冷冻柜储藏。
6.按照权利要求3所述的软枣猕猴桃果汁的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中的软枣猕猴桃果实先用NaCl溶液浸泡30min进行护色处理。
7.按照权利要求3所述的软枣猕猴桃果汁的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中的果胶酶的用量为0.03%~0.15%。
8.按照权利要求3所述的软枣猕猴桃果汁的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中冷却到45~55℃并加入果胶酶进行酶解,酶解时间为1~3h。
9.按照权利要求3所述的软枣猕猴桃果汁的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中的浸提温度为35~39℃,PH 值调节为3~4,浸提2~3 天。
10.按照权利要求3所述的软枣猕猴桃果汁的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中软枣猕猴桃皮粉的制备工艺是:将洗净的新鲜软枣猕猴桃皮在50℃条件下烘6h,粉碎,然后过100目。
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