CN107808229B - Sandstone reservoir movable water saturation quantitative evaluation method based on array induction and lateral logging - Google Patents
Sandstone reservoir movable water saturation quantitative evaluation method based on array induction and lateral logging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sandstone reservoir movable water saturation quantitative evaluation method based on array induction and lateral logging, which comprises the steps of taking an Archie formula as a water saturation calculation model, and calculating the water saturation of a reservoir by respectively utilizing lateral deep resistivity and induction deep resistivity; carrying out irreducible water saturation correction on the water saturation obtained by calculating the induction depth resistivity; calculating the difference value of the water saturation obtained by the induced water saturation corrected by the argillaceous irreducible water saturation and the lateral depth resistivity, wherein the difference value is the increment D; the ratio of the gas saturation calculated by the increment D and the lateral depth resistivity can be used for quantitatively evaluating the movable water saturation. The method realizes the quantitative evaluation of the movable water saturation of the reservoir based on the conventional logging information array induction depth resistivity and the lateral logging depth resistivity, can quickly and accurately realize the continuous quantitative evaluation of the movable water saturation of the reservoir, and can reliably judge and identify reservoir fluids.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for quantitatively evaluating movable water saturation of a sandstone reservoir under a large-scale fracturing condition.
Background
For sandstone reservoirs, the calculation of water saturation is generally carried out by utilizing an Archie's formula, but the Archie's formula does not distinguish movable water from irreducible water saturation, and irreducible water often has no influence on the properties of produced fluids. Therefore, in fluid property determination, movable water and bound water need to be distinguished.
At present, the method for identifying the sandstone reservoir fluid property is mainly a plate method. The method uses logging characteristic values reflecting different physical properties of a reservoir to establish a qualitative interpretation chart according to the oil and gas testing result, and comprises a common porosity-resistivity intersection chart, a dual-porosity intersection chart and a method for establishing an intersection chart by using an array induction slope characteristic in the recently published patent application. These methods are qualitative identification of reservoir fluid properties by building a cross-plot.
At present, only nuclear magnetic resonance logging can realize the quantitative calculation of the movable water saturation of the sandstone reservoir. But faces two problems. Firstly, the nuclear magnetic resonance logging cost is high and the data is less. And secondly, calculating by using a double water model to obtain the gas saturation, and then calculating the porosity of the movable water in the movable fluid pore to obtain the saturation of the movable water. The method has poor application effect in the medium and low resistivity oil-gas layer depending on the conventional resistivity and the formation water resistivity.
For sandstone reservoirs, the calculation of water saturation is generally carried out by utilizing an Archie's formula, but the Archie's formula does not distinguish movable water from irreducible water saturation, and irreducible water often has no influence on the properties of produced fluids. Therefore, in fluid property determination, movable water and bound water need to be distinguished.
At present, only nuclear magnetic resonance logging can realize the quantitative calculation of the movable water saturation of the sandstone reservoir. But faces two problems. Firstly, the nuclear magnetic resonance logging cost is high and the data is less. And secondly, calculating by using a double water model to obtain the gas saturation, and then calculating the porosity of the movable water in the movable fluid pore to obtain the saturation of the movable water. The method depends on conventional resistivity and formation water resistivity, and has poor application effect in medium and low resistivity hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the accuracy of movable water identification of sandstone reservoirs, the invention aims to provide a sandstone reservoir movable water saturation quantitative evaluation method based on array induction and lateral logging, which realizes a method for quantitatively evaluating the movable water saturation of the reservoirs based on conventional logging information array induction deep resistivity and lateral logging deep resistivity, can quickly and accurately realize continuous and quantitative evaluation of the movable water saturation of the reservoirs, and can reliably judge reservoir fluids.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The sandstone reservoir movable water saturation quantitative evaluation method based on array induction and lateral logging comprises the following steps:
1) calculating the water saturation of the reservoir by respectively utilizing the lateral deep resistivity and the induction deep resistivity by taking an Archie's formula as a water saturation calculation model;
2) carrying out irreducible water saturation correction on the water saturation obtained by calculating the induction depth resistivity;
3) calculating the difference value of the water saturation obtained by the induced water saturation corrected by the argillaceous irreducible water saturation and the lateral depth resistivity, wherein the difference value is the increment D;
4) the ratio of the gas saturation calculated by the increment D and the lateral depth resistivity can be used for quantitatively evaluating the movable water saturation.
Further, in the step 1), the formula of the alrgi is as follows:
the Archie equation:
wherein:
Swwater saturation,%; phi is porosity,%; rwIs the formation water resistivity, Ω. m; rtIs the true resistivity of the rock, Ω. m; a. b, m and n are the rock-electricity parameters respectively and have no dimension.
Further, in the step 2), irreducible water saturation correction is performed on the water saturation obtained by calculating the induction depth resistivity as follows:
calculating the product of the shale correction factor ak and the shale content by subtracting the water saturation from the induction depth resistivity, and completing the shale irreducible water saturation correction;
argillaceous irreducible water saturation correction formula: sfI＝SwI-ak*SH
Wherein:
SfIwater saturation,%, calculated for induced depth resistivity, corrected for muddiness irreducible water saturation; swIWater saturation calculated for induction depth resistivity,%; ak is a argillaceous correction factor and is dimensionless; SH is the argillaceous content,%; and ak is the value standard of the calculated water saturation which is equal to the corrected water saturation of the lateral deep resistivity of the compact reservoir of the argillaceous sandstone.
Further, in the step 3), the increment D is obtained by the following formula:
D＝SwI-ak*SH-SwL
wherein:
SwLcalculated water saturation for lateral depth resistivity,%.
Further, in the step 4), a movable water saturation quantitative evaluation parameter is calculated
The ratio of the calculated increment D to the calculated gas saturation of the lateral deep resistivity
I.e. a quantitative parameter for assessing movable water saturation, wherein，SgLCalculated gas saturation for lateral depth resistivity,%.
The gas saturation is calculated from the water saturation;
gas saturation Sg＝1-Sw
Wherein:
Sgcalculated gas saturation for lateral depth resistivity,%; swIs% water saturation.
The invention provides a method for establishing the quantitative evaluation of the movable water saturation, which aims to improve the accuracy of movable water identification of a sandstone reservoir. The method can quickly and accurately quantitatively evaluate the movable water saturation based on the conventional logging data array induction depth resistivity and the lateral logging depth resistivity, and improves the accuracy of sandstone reservoir fluid property identification. The combination with the data of gas testing, geology, coring and the like proves that the method can accurately judge the fluid property of the sandstone reservoir under the condition of large-scale fracturing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a resistivity logging wellbore model;
FIG. 2 is a pore space model under scale fracturing conditions;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the results of an explanation of a certain exploratory well in the east of the Ordos basin;
fig. 4 shows 36 single-test layer verifications for sushi and the north section of the skylork.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, but the invention is not limited thereto.
According to the principle, an Archie formula is used as a water saturation calculation model, the water saturation of a reservoir is calculated by respectively utilizing lateral deep resistivity and induced deep resistivity, then irreducible water saturation correction is carried out on the water saturation obtained by calculating the induced deep resistivity, the difference value of the induced water saturation obtained by the clay irreducible water saturation correction and the water saturation obtained by calculating the lateral deep resistivity is an increment D, and finally the ratio of the increment D to the gas saturation obtained by calculating the lateral deep resistivity can be used for quantitatively evaluating the movable water saturation.
Because the logging principles of induction logging and lateral logging are different, fluids in different occurrence states in the stratum have different influences on logging values of the induction logging and the lateral logging, and the argillaceous bound water has large influence on the induction logging values but hardly has influence on the lateral logging values; the mobile water has a greater effect on the induction log and a lesser effect on the lateral log, so that the induction log and the lateral log show a difference when the formation contains water.
Since the induction log and the lateral log show a difference when the formation contains water, the water saturation calculated by the two based on the Archie's formula also has a difference. And subtracting the water saturation calculated by the lateral depth resistivity from the water saturation corrected by the mudiness irreducible water saturation calculated by the induction depth resistivity to obtain an increment D for indicating the existence of movable water.
Because the logging principles of induction logging and lateral logging are different, the ratio of the increment D to the gas saturation calculated by the lateral logging depth resistivity is a variable positively correlated with the movable water saturation in the interval of [0 and 1], and therefore the method can be used for quantitatively evaluating the movable water saturation.
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention.
1. Based on the Archie's formula, the water saturation is calculated for the lateral and induced depth resistivity, respectively.
And calculating the water saturation based on an Archie formula, wherein the porosity is obtained by calculating a porosity curve, the rock electrical parameters a, b, m and n are obtained by experiments, and the formation water resistivity is obtained by regional water analysis data. Substituting lateral and induced deep resistivity into R respectivelytAnd obtaining the water saturation calculated by utilizing the lateral and induction depth resistivity.
The Archie equation:
wherein:
Sw: water saturation,%;
phi: porosity,%;
Rw: formation water resistivity, Ω. m;
a. b, m, n: the electrical parameters of the rock are dimensionless.
2. And performing argillaceous irreducible water saturation correction on the water saturation calculated by the induction depth resistivity.
And calculating the water saturation by using the induction depth resistivity, and subtracting the product of the argillaceous correction factor ak and the argillaceous content from the water saturation to finish the argillaceous irreducible water saturation correction.
Argillaceous irreducible water saturation correction formula: sfI＝SwI-ak*SH
Wherein:
SfI: water saturation,%, calculated from induced depth resistivity corrected for muddiness irreducible water saturation.
SwI: water saturation calculated from induction depth resistivity,%;
ak: a argillaceous correction factor, dimensionless;
SH: argillaceous content,%.
and ak is the value standard of the calculated water saturation which is equal to the corrected water saturation of the lateral deep resistivity of the compact reservoir of the argillaceous sandstone.
3. An increment D is calculated.
And calculating the difference of the water saturation by utilizing the water saturation corrected by the argillaceous irreducible water saturation obtained by the second step and the lateral depth resistivity to obtain the increment D.
D＝SwI-ak*SH-SwL
Wherein S iswL: water saturation calculated from lateral depth resistivity,%.
4. Calculating movable water saturation quantitative evaluation parameters
The third step calculates the ratio of the obtained increment D to the gas saturation calculated by the lateral deep resistivity
Namely, the evaluation of the movable water saturationQuantitative parameters of degree, wherein the gas saturation is calculated from the water saturation.
Gas saturation Sg＝1-Sw
Wherein S isgRock gas saturation,%; sgLCalculated gas saturation for lateral depth resistivity,%.
The technical principle adopted by the invention is as follows:
the wellbore models for induction and lateral logging are a slurry filled wellbore, a washzone, a homogeneous, infinite undisturbed formation. See fig. 1.
According to the principle of induction logging,
formation conductivity: sigmaaI＝σmIGm+σiIGi+σtIGt+σsIGs
The expression converted to resistivity is:
where σ is the conductivity and G is the radial integral geometry factor.
According to the principle of lateral logging, the formation resistivity of lateral logging is:
RaL＝RmLJm+RiLJi+RtLJt+RSLJS②
wherein R is the resistivity and J is the radial integral geometric factor.
For undisturbed formations, equations ① and ② can be converted into:
RaL＝RtLJt④
wherein: gt＝Jt＝1。
The reservoir is composed of a framework, argillaceous matter and pores, wherein the framework is generally considered to be non-conductive, and the conductivity of the argillaceous matter is derived from argillaceous bound water. Under scale fracturing conditions, the pore space is assumed to be composed of two parts of fluid, the mud entraps water and mobile fluid. Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a pore space model under a scale fracturing condition, and a rock is composed of a particle framework and wet clay on the surface of particles; the pore space contains two parts of fluid, namely clay bound water and free water far away from the clay surface, and the free water is regarded as movable water under the condition of scale fracturing.
On the pore space model, assuming that the integral geometric factor of the argillaceous bound water is a and the integral geometric factor of the movable fluid is b, a + b is 1.
Then ③, ④ can be converted into:
RaL＝aRc+bRf⑥
wherein R iscIs the resistivity of the argillaceous bound water, RfIs the mobile fluid resistivity.
The thickness of the sodium ion layer in the argillaceous bounded water is extremely small, the radial integral geometric factor is extremely small, and the resistivity is extremely low. Therefore aRc≈0、b≈1。
⑥ can be converted into RaL≈RfL⑦
I.e. the saturation of the lateral log calculation is mainly contributed by the mobile fluid part.
According to the ⑤ formula, the array induction logging deep resistivity has two contributions of the shale bound water and the mobile fluid, namely the calculated saturation of the array induction logging contains the two contributions of the shale bound water and the mobile fluid.
As defined by the argillaceous irreducible water, the argillaceous irreducible water saturation is positively correlated with the argillaceous content SH, and the argillaceous irreducible water saturation is assumed to be in a direct function relationship with the argillaceous content SH.
Namely: swC＝ak*SH ⑧
Wherein: swCRepresenting the argillaceous irreducible water saturation, and ak is the argillaceous content coefficient, defined as the argillaceous correction factor. The saturation of the array induction calculation is obtained after the mud correctionContribution to the mobile fluid portion.
Namely: sfI＝SwI-ak*SH ⑨
Wherein: sfIThe contribution to saturation of the array induced deep resistivity calculation is made for the mobile fluid portion.
In the movable fluid pore space, when the movable water saturation is 0, namely the movable fluid part is single-phase movable hydrocarbon, in the reservoir mesh-shaped conductive channel, for lateral logging, the ⑦ formula is converted into RafL≈RH。
Wherein R isHIs the mobile hydrocarbon resistivity.
For array induction logging, when the mobile fluid portion in the reservoir is single-phase mobile hydrocarbon, the reservoir mesh conductive channel can be regarded as a single electromagnetic inductor because the mobile hydrocarbon is a poor high-resistance conductor.
Then:
namely: rafI＝RH
At this time, RafL＝RafI
Substituting into an Archie saturation formula to obtain:
SfI＝SfL＝SwL＝SwI-ak*SH
at this time, the movable water saturation Swf＝0，SwI-ak*SH-SwL＝0 ⑩
When the movable water saturation is more than 0, namely the movable fluid part is movable water and movable hydrocarbon, the mesh conductive channel in the reservoir is simplified into two conductive channels, and for the lateral logging, the ⑦ formula is converted into:
wherein R iswIs the movable water resistivity.
For array induction logging:
namely:
synthesis of
The formula can be seen: rafI＜RafL
Substituting into an Archie saturation formula to obtain:
SfI＝SwI-ak*SH＞SfL＝SwL
namely: swI-ak*SH-SwL＞0
Comparison No. ⑩,
The water saturation S after the shale correction calculated by the array induction depth resistivity can be knownwI-a SH relative lateral calculated water saturation SwLBecomes high.
Namely SwI-ak*SH-SwL＞0、SgL-ak*SH-SgI> 0 is due to increased movable water saturation.
Mudness corrected water saturation S for defining array induced depth resistivity calculationswI-ak SH in relation to the laterally calculated water saturation increase D, indicating the effect of the increase in movable water saturation.
Namely: d ═ SwI-ak*SH-SwL＝SgL-ak*SH-SgI
Because D is the increase in water saturation calculated by the array induced depth resistivity as a function of the muddiness irreducible water saturation relative to the water saturation calculated by the lateral depth resistivity, or the decrease in muddiness irreducible gas saturation calculated by the array induced depth resistivity relative to the lateral depth resistivity. Therefore, the temperature of the molten metal is controlled,
to be provided with
As a parameter for quantitative assessment of movable water saturation.
Namely:
independent variable
And the movable water saturation degree SwfIs a positive correlation. As will be demonstrated in detail below.
And taking the water saturation calculated laterally as the water saturation of the reservoir, and if no special direction exists, the water saturation refers to the water saturation calculated laterally.
When the movable water saturation degree SwfWhen the mobile fluid is a single-phase mobile hydrocarbon, as shown by the formula ⑩, D is 0,
when the movable water saturation increases to SwfWhen a is greater than 0, the water saturation of the reservoir is increased from Sw1Increase to Sw1+ a, gas saturation from Sg1Is reduced to Sg1-a. Resistivity of movable water RwAnd (4) descending.
ByAs can be seen, as the movable water resistivity decreases, the magnitude of the array induced depth resistivity decrease is larger. According to the Archie formula, the gas saturation reduction amplitude calculated by the array induction is larger.
RafL＝RH+Rw
I.e. the gas saturation calculated by the array induction is less than Sg1A, since D ═ SgL-ak*SH-SgISo that D is increased, when D is increased, SgWhen the number of the grooves is reduced, the thickness of the groove,
and is increased.
When S iswfWhen the size of the pipe is increased, the pipe is enlarged,
and is increased.
Since D is the relative gas saturation SgIs reduced, therefore
Therefore, the following steps are carried out:
when the movable water saturation degree SwfWhen D is 0,
when the movable water saturation degree SwfWhen > 0, D > 0, and
with SwfAnd increases with an increase.
And 1 > Swf≥0，
Namely, it is
In the [0, 1]]Within the interval is with SwfThe positively correlated variable can be used as an index for quantitatively evaluating the movable water saturation.
How to determine the argillaceous correction factor a.
Assuming a low porosity, a high shale content reservoir is a dry layer, i.e. mobile water saturation S wf0. At this time, D is 0. The mud quality can be obtainedThe correction factor a.
The invention discloses a movable water saturation method based on the differential response characteristics of induction logging and lateral logging to fluids in different occurrence states, fully excavates reservoir fluid information of logging response of different resistivity, establishes a movable water saturation quantitative evaluation method based on array induction and lateral logging, and proves that the method can accurately judge the fluid properties of sandstone reservoirs under the condition of scale fracturing by combining with the data of gas testing, geology, coring and the like. FIG. 3 shows an example of the application of one exploratory well in Suliger West district, where well zone No. 43 is tested for gas and daily produced gas is 11481m3D, daily yield of water 2.1m3D; no. 52 layer test gas, daily produced gas 110176m3D, daily yield of water 2.1m3D; no. 53 layer test gas, daily produced gas 14657m3(d) daily yield of water 34.2m3And d. Fig. 4 is a graph of the results of the evaluation of the movable water saturation and the results of the test gas conclusions for 36 single test beds in the soriex region and the north portion of the skylork. The quantitative evaluation index of the movable water saturation can be seen
Has good consistency with the conclusion of gas testing, proves the utilization
Reservoir mobile water saturation can be quantitatively evaluated.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and based on the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention, those skilled in the art can make some substitutions and modifications to some technical features without creative efforts according to the disclosed technical contents, and these substitutions and modifications are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The sandstone reservoir movable water saturation quantitative evaluation method based on array induction and lateral logging is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) calculating the water saturation of the reservoir by respectively utilizing the lateral deep resistivity and the induction deep resistivity by taking an Archie's formula as a water saturation calculation model;
2) carrying out irreducible water saturation correction on the water saturation obtained by calculating the induction depth resistivity;
3) calculating the difference value of the water saturation obtained by the induced water saturation corrected by the argillaceous irreducible water saturation and the lateral depth resistivity, wherein the difference value is the increment D;
4) the ratio of the gas saturation obtained by calculating the increment D and the lateral depth resistivity can be used for quantitatively evaluating the movable water saturation;
in the step 2), irreducible water saturation correction is carried out on the water saturation obtained by calculating the induction depth resistivity as follows:
calculating the product of the shale correction factor ak and the shale content by subtracting the water saturation from the induction depth resistivity, and completing the shale irreducible water saturation correction;
argillaceous irreducible water saturation correction formula: sfI＝SwI-ak*SH
Wherein:
SfIwater saturation,%, calculated for induced depth resistivity, corrected for muddiness irreducible water saturation; swIWater saturation calculated for induction depth resistivity,%; ak is a argillaceous correction factor and is dimensionless; SH is the argillaceous content,%; and ak is the value standard of the calculated water saturation which is equal to the corrected water saturation of the lateral deep resistivity of the compact reservoir of the argillaceous sandstone.
2. The array induction and lateral logging sandstone reservoir movable water saturation quantitative evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the Archie's formula is as follows:
the Archie equation:
wherein:
Swwater saturation,%; phi is porosity,%; rwIs the formation water resistivity, Ω. m; rtIs the true resistivity of the rock, Ω. m; a. b, m and n are the rock-electricity parameters respectively and have no dimension.
3. The array induction and lateral logging sandstone reservoir movable water saturation quantitative evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the increment D is obtained by the following formula:
D＝SwI-ak*SH-SwL
wherein:
SwLcalculated water saturation for lateral depth resistivity,%.
4. The array induction and lateral logging sandstone reservoir movable water saturation quantitative evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), a movable water saturation quantitative evaluation parameter is calculated
The ratio of the calculated increment D to the calculated gas saturation of the lateral deep resistivity
I.e. a quantitative parameter for assessing movable water saturation, wherein SgLCalculated gas saturation for lateral depth resistivity,%;
the gas saturation is calculated from the water saturation;
gas saturation Sg＝1-Sw
Wherein:
Sgcalculated gas saturation for lateral depth resistivity,%; swIs% water saturation.
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| CN107808229A (en) | 2018-03-16 |
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