CN107580843A - A kind of cultural method of the early film of spring sowing potato maize straw three covering - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of the early film of spring sowing potato maize straw three covering Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural method of the early film of spring sowing potato maize straw three covering, including selection of land site preparation, use sufficient the steps such as base manure, potato seed preparation, whole drill seeding kind, soil treatment, field management, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, harvesting.The present invention is adjusted from seed selection, vernalization, sowing, rich water, pest and disease damage prevention and control etc.; have the advantages that to save labor, cost-saving synergistic, listing, water saving soil moisture conservation, cold-proof heat insulation, soil protection topsoil structure and farmland ecological environment when robbing; the potato condition planted is rectified; improve the commodity of potato; commodity potato accounts for more than 90%; it can increase farmers' income, there is important economic benefit and wide application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural method of potato, more particularly to a kind of early film of spring sowing potato maize straw three covering
Cultural method, belong to proportion of crop planting technical field.
Background technology
Potato alias potato, potato, belong to Solanaceae herbaceos perennial, annual herb plant, with wheat, paddy,
Corn, sorghum simultaneously turn into five big crop of the world.Stem tuber can use rich in abundant starch, protein and mineral matter as the mankind
Dish, grain, be alternatively arranged as feed or other processing purposes.
Potato is generally sowed in spring, on late April to May frequently with modes such as outdoor cropping and plastic film mulching cultivations
Ten days harvests.Traditional potato culture mode sows, harvests and takes a lot of work larger, and potato is easily damaged, commodity is poor, is vulnerable to soil
The invasion and attack of insect in earth.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of cultural method of the early film of spring sowing potato maize straw three covering, make the horse of plantation
Bell potato potato type is good, and yield is high, and commodity is good.
To achieve the above object, the cultural method of the early film of spring sowing potato maize straw three covering of the present invention, including following step
Suddenly：
(1) selection of land site preparation
Select vegetable soil layer depth is thick, the soil is porous, physical features is higher, in saline and alkaline light, fertility level on sandy loam, preceding stubble 3
Solanaceous crops field was not planted in year；
(2) base manure is used sufficient
With reference to site preparation, per 667m2Apply high-quality 4500~5000kg of farm manure, 10~15kg of urea, calcium superphosphate 30~
40kg, 20~40kg of potassium sulfate make base manure, and base manure imposes on less than 10 centimetres of soil layer；
(3) potato seed prepares
Select high-quality, high yield, stem tuber big and toxicity-removing white potato neat, that knot potato is concentrated, disease resistance is strong, rest period has crossed,
Select it is disease-free, freeze, be rotten, wound, the normal potato wedge of color of the leather makees potato seed, first with 50% carbendazim, 500~700 times of liquid immersions 15~
20min carries out whole potato sterilization, be placed in after sterilization ventilation see at light dry 30min after carry out stripping and slicing, per 30~40g of block size, and
1~2 normal eye of band, the potato wedge cut, and will immediately with 70% thiophanate methyl, 600~800 times of 10~15min of liquid disinfectant
It, which is spread out, dries；
Intensive be laid in of potato wedge by stripping and slicing, sterilization is lined with the indoor carry out vernalization of maize straw, paving potato 15~
20cm is thick.Indoor seasoning, ventilation, avoid direct sunlight, drench with rain and frost, temperature cover maize straw above at 15~20 DEG C
Shading, when most of potato seed bud length is to 0.5~1.0cm, opens straw and bud is refined into potato seed exposure under diffuse light, be allowed to be changed into
Purple；
(4) whole drill seeding kind
Planted using ridging duplicate rows, the wide 50cm of ridge face width 60cm, furrow, the high 15~20cm in ridge, per the row of ridge kind 2, line-spacing 35
~40cm, 25~30cm of spacing in the rows, 6~8cm of seed level, 3000~4000 plants/667m of density2；
Early Febuary is sowed；After planting, the maize straw for being crushed to 5~6cm is sprayed water, stalk humidity is felt like jelly, to hold
Do not drip and be defined, then cover stalk straight uniform, be paved with whole furrow face and do not leave blank, 6~8cm of stalks mulching thickness；Cover straw
Cover mulch film after stalk, and with the tight mulch film mouth of grave；According to furrow face width, Small plastic shed is covered；Finally build big arch shed；
(5) soil treatment
Per 667m before ridging2With 3% phoxim granule 0.25kg, 2.5kg dilutions are watered, mix fine earth 30kg, heap vexed 1~
2 hours, broadcast sowing field face preventing and treating subterranean pest-insect；
(6) field management
Kept for 20~26 DEG C of daytime, 12~14 DEG C of night；The mouth that leaks informaton of big arch shed is opened in growth early stage at noon, with the external world
Heat up and progressively increase the amount of leaking informaton；Mid or late March, the ventilation of big arch shed Kai Peng both ends；Early April, three films are by partly taking off film to taking off entirely
Film；Mid-April, three films all remove；
According to growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way and soil moisture content, suitably poured water 1~2 time in potato florescence, pour water and carried out in the morning and evening；Such as
Growing way is weaker, and ridging is combined in potato squaring period, is poured water, per 667m in furrow2Impose urea 10kg or potassium dihydrogen phosphate
30kg；
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Pulled out immediately during first meeting diseased plant, and it is wettable with 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 500 times of liquid or 25% metalaxyl
Property pulvis 500 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating；Eliminated aphis with 20% fenvalerate missible oil, 2000 times of liquid sprayings are anti-；Kuh-seng rhizome is shredded,
Dry, be milled, per 667m2Preventing and treating cutworm is spread fertilizer over the fields with 2.5kg；
(8) harvest
Excavate listing successively according to market conditions, timely second ploughing after harvesting, straw-returning improved soil.
Preferably, potato 3 or U.S. potato 8 during the toxicity-removing white potato described in step (1) is selected.
Further, in step (3), cutting knife is sterilized with 75% alcohol, potato wedge of preventing and remedying pollution.
Further, in step (4), maize straw life in 70% or 90% hymexazol wettable powder and 3%
The mixing sterilization of mycin wettable powder in mass ratio 1: 1, concentration 10gm-3, potato wedge of preventing and remedying pollution.
Further, in step (4), every 667m before mulch film is covered230kg is watered with 48% butralin missible oil 200ml,
It is even to spray ridge face overlay film again, effectively prevent and kill off annual grassy weeds and potato emergence is had no effect.
The present invention has the advantages that：
1st, selection toxicity-removing white potato makees potato seed, and toxicity-removing white potato individual is healthy and strong, and photosynthate is more, and storage capacity is big；Enter respectively
The whole potato sterilization of row and potato wedge sterilization, prevent various pathogenies from invading, improve product quality；
2nd, the rational application of fertilizer, reduce chemical fertilizer and apply, increase organic fertilizer applies, and it is vivid to be advantageous to potato color of the leather, improves
Cooking Quality and nutritional quality；
3rd, the generation of aphid disease is controlled, traps and kills cutworm, ensures the potato disease-free spot produced, reduces subterranean pest-insect
Harm to root tuber, it ensure that potato type is intact；
4th, cultivated using improving straw mulching and mulch film, small arch membrane, big arch membrane combination coverage mode, shorten potato growth
Phase；
The present invention adjusted from seed selection, vernalization, sowing, rich water, pest and disease damage prevention and control etc., with save labor,
Cost-saving synergistic, when robbing the advantages that listing, water saving soil moisture conservation, cold-proof heat insulation, soil protection topsoil structure and farmland ecological environment, cultivate
Potato condition out is rectified, and improves the commodity of potato, and commodity potato accounts for more than 90%, can increase farmers' income, tool
There are important economic benefit and wide application prospect.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultural method of the early film of spring sowing potato maize straw three covering, comprises the following steps：
Comprise the following steps：
(1) selection of land site preparation
Select vegetable soil layer depth is thick, the soil is porous, physical features is higher, in saline and alkaline light, fertility level on sandy loam, preceding stubble 3
Solanaceous crops field was not planted in year；
(2) base manure is used sufficient
With reference to site preparation, per 667m2High-quality farm manure 4500kg, urea 15kg, calcium superphosphate 40kg, potassium sulfate 40kg is applied to make
Base manure, base manure impose on less than 10 centimetres of soil layer；
(3) potato seed prepares
Select high-quality, high yield, stem tuber big and potato 3 in the detoxification neat, knot potato is concentrated, disease resistance is strong, rest period has crossed,
Disease-free, jelly, rotten, wound are selected, the normal potato wedge of color of the leather makees potato seed, first carries out whole potato with 50% carbendazim, 700 times of liquid immersion 15min
Sterilization, be placed in after sterilization ventilation see at light dry 30min after carry out stripping and slicing, per block size 30~40g, and 1~2 normal bud of band
Eye, the potato wedge cut use 70% thiophanate methyl, 800 times of liquid disinfectant 10min, and are spread out and dried immediately, and promotion wound is cured
Close；
Intensive be laid in of potato wedge by stripping and slicing, sterilization is lined with the indoor carry out vernalization of maize straw, maize straw is used
70% or 90% hymexazol wettable powder mixes sterilization with the plain wettable powder in mass ratio 1: 1 that mildewed in 3%, and concentration is
10g·m-3, paving potato 15~20cm thickness.Indoor seasoning, ventilation, avoid direct sunlight, drench with rain and frost, temperature at 15~20 DEG C,
Maize straw shading is covered above, when most of potato seed bud length is to 0.5~1.0cm, opens straw by potato seed exposed to scattering
Bud is refined under light, is allowed to be changed into purple；
(4) whole drill seeding kind
Planted using ridging duplicate rows, the wide 50cm of ridge face width 60cm, furrow, the high 15cm in ridge, per the row of ridge kind 2, line-spacing 35cm, strain
Away from 25cm, seed level 6cm, 4000 plants/667m of density2；
Early Febuary is sowed；After planting, the maize straw for being crushed to 5~6cm is sprayed water, stalk humidity is felt like jelly, to hold
Do not drip and be defined, then cover stalk straight uniform, be paved with whole furrow face and do not leave blank, 6~8cm of stalks mulching thickness；Cover straw
Cover mulch film after stalk, and with the tight mulch film mouth of grave, cover before mulch film per 667m230kg is watered with 48% butralin missible oil 200ml,
Uniformly sprinkling ridge face；According to furrow face width, Small plastic shed is covered；Finally build big arch shed；
(5) soil treatment
Per 667m before ridging2With 3% phoxim granule 0.25kg, 2.5kg dilutions are watered, mix fine earth 30kg, heap vexed 2 is small
When, broadcast sowing field face preventing and treating subterranean pest-insect；
(6) field management
Kept for 20~26 DEG C of daytime, 12~14 DEG C of night；The mouth that leaks informaton of big arch shed is opened in growth early stage at noon, with the external world
Heat up and progressively increase the amount of leaking informaton；Mid or late March, the ventilation of big arch shed Kai Peng both ends；Early April, three films are by partly taking off film to taking off entirely
Film；Mid-April, three films all remove；
According to growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way and soil moisture content, suitably poured water 1~2 time in potato florescence, promote stem tuber to expand, pour water
Carried out in the morning and evening, never poured water during noon high temperature and cover ridge face with water；As growing way is weaker, combined in potato squaring period ridging,
Pour water, per 667m in furrow2Impose urea 10kg or potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30kg；
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Pulled out immediately during first meeting diseased plant, and it is wettable with 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 500 times of liquid or 25% metalaxyl
Property pulvis 500 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating；Eliminated aphis with 20% fenvalerate missible oil, 2000 times of liquid sprayings are anti-；Kuh-seng rhizome is shredded,
Dry, be milled, per 667m2Preventing and treating cutworm is spread fertilizer over the fields with 2.5kg；
(8) harvest
Excavate listing successively according to market conditions, timely second ploughing after harvesting, straw-returning improved soil.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cultural method of the early film of spring sowing potato maize straw three covering, comprises the following steps：
Comprise the following steps：
(1) selection of land site preparation
Select vegetable soil layer depth is thick, the soil is porous, physical features is higher, in saline and alkaline light, fertility level on sandy loam, preceding stubble 3
Solanaceous crops field was not planted in year；
(2) base manure is used sufficient
With reference to site preparation, per 667m2High-quality farm manure 5000kg, urea 10kg, calcium superphosphate 30kg, potassium sulfate 20kg is applied to make
Base manure, base manure impose on less than 10 centimetres of soil layer；
(3) potato seed prepares
Select high-quality, high yield, stem tuber big and detoxification U.S. potato 8 neat, that knot potato is concentrated, disease resistance is strong, rest period has crossed,
Disease-free, jelly, rotten, wound are selected, the normal potato wedge of color of the leather makees potato seed, first carries out whole potato with 50% carbendazim, 500 times of liquid immersion 20min
Sterilization, be placed in after sterilization ventilation see at light dry 30min after carry out stripping and slicing, per block size 30~40g, and 1~2 normal bud of band
Eye, the potato wedge cut use 70% thiophanate methyl, 600 times of liquid disinfectant 15min, and are spread out and dried immediately, and promotion wound is cured
Close；
Intensive be laid in of potato wedge by stripping and slicing, sterilization is lined with the indoor carry out vernalization of maize straw, maize straw is used
70% or 90% hymexazol wettable powder mixes sterilization with the plain wettable powder in mass ratio 1: 1 that mildewed in 3%, and concentration is
10g·m-3, paving potato 15~20cm thickness.Indoor seasoning, ventilation, avoid direct sunlight, drench with rain and frost, temperature at 15~20 DEG C,
Maize straw shading is covered above, when most of potato seed bud length is to 0.5~1.0cm, opens straw by potato seed exposed to scattering
Bud is refined under light, is allowed to be changed into purple；
(4) whole drill seeding kind
Planted using ridging duplicate rows, the wide 50cm of ridge face width 60cm, furrow, the high 20cm in ridge, per the row of ridge kind 2, line-spacing 40cm, strain
Away from 30cm, seed level 8cm, 3000 plants/667m of density2；
Early Febuary is sowed；After planting, the maize straw for being crushed to 5~6cm is sprayed water, stalk humidity is felt like jelly, to hold
Do not drip and be defined, then cover stalk straight uniform, be paved with whole furrow face and do not leave blank, 6~8cm of stalks mulching thickness；Cover straw
Cover mulch film after stalk, and with the tight mulch film mouth of grave, cover before mulch film per 667m230kg is watered with 48% butralin missible oil 200ml,
Uniformly sprinkling ridge face；According to furrow face width, Small plastic shed is covered；Finally build big arch shed；
(5) soil treatment
Per 667m before ridging2With 3% phoxim granule 0.25kg, 2.5kg dilutions are watered, mix fine earth 30kg, heap vexed 1 is small
When, broadcast sowing field face preventing and treating subterranean pest-insect；
(6) field management
Kept for 20~26 DEG C of daytime, 12~14 DEG C of night；The mouth that leaks informaton of big arch shed is opened in growth early stage at noon, with the external world
Heat up and progressively increase the amount of leaking informaton；Mid or late March, the ventilation of big arch shed Kai Peng both ends；Early April, three films are by partly taking off film to taking off entirely
Film；Mid-April, three films all remove；
According to growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way and soil moisture content, suitably poured water 1~2 time in potato florescence, promote stem tuber to expand, pour water
Carried out in the morning and evening, never poured water during noon high temperature and cover ridge face with water；As growing way is weaker, combined in potato squaring period ridging,
Pour water, per 667m in furrow2Impose urea 10kg or potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30kg；
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Pulled out immediately during first meeting diseased plant, and it is wettable with 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 500 times of liquid or 25% metalaxyl
Property pulvis 500 times of liquid spraying preventing and treating；Eliminated aphis with 20% fenvalerate missible oil, 2000 times of liquid sprayings are anti-；Kuh-seng rhizome is shredded,
Dry, be milled, per 667m2Preventing and treating cutworm is spread fertilizer over the fields with 2.5kg；
(8) harvest
Excavate listing successively according to market conditions, timely second ploughing after harvesting, straw-returning improved soil.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of cultural method of the early film of spring sowing potato maize straw three covering, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) selection of land site preparation
Select vegetable soil layer depth is thick, the soil is porous, physical features is higher, in saline and alkaline light, fertility level on sandy loam, in preceding stubble 3 years
Solanaceous crops field was not planted；
(2) base manure is used sufficient
With reference to site preparation, per 667m2Apply high-quality 4500~5000kg of farm manure, 10~15kg of urea, 30~40kg of calcium superphosphate, sulphur
Sour 20~40kg of potassium makees base manure, and base manure imposes on less than 10 centimetres of soil layer；
(3) potato seed prepares
Select high-quality, high yield, stem tuber big and toxicity-removing white potato neat, that knot potato is concentrated, disease resistance is strong, rest period has crossed, select
Disease-free, jelly, rotten, wound, the normal potato wedge of color of the leather make potato seed, first soak 15~20min with 50% carbendazim, 500~700 times of liquid and enter
Row whole potato sterilization, be placed in after sterilization ventilation see at light dry 30min after carry out stripping and slicing, per 30~40g of block size, and 1~2, band
Normal eye, the potato wedge cut are spread out and dried in the air immediately with 70% thiophanate methyl, 600~800 times of 10~15min of liquid disinfectant
It is dry；
Intensive be laid in of potato wedge by stripping and slicing, sterilization is lined with the indoor carry out vernalization of maize straw, 15~20cm of paving potato is thick,
Indoor seasoning, ventilation, avoiding direct sunlight, drench with rain and frost, temperature covers maize straw shading above at 15~20 DEG C, when
When most of potato seed bud length is to 0.5~1.0cm, opens straw and bud is refined into potato seed exposure under diffuse light, be allowed to be changed into purple；
(4) whole drill seeding kind
Planted using ridging duplicate rows, the wide 50cm of ridge face width 60cm, furrow, the high 15~20cm in ridge, per the row of ridge kind 2, line-spacing 35~
40cm, 25~30cm of spacing in the rows, 6~8cm of seed level, 3000~4000 plants/667m of density2；
Early Febuary is sowed；After planting, the maize straw for being crushed to 5~6cm is sprayed water, stalk humidity is felt like jelly, do not dripped with holding
Water is defined, and then covers stalk straight uniform, is paved with whole furrow face and does not leave blank, 6~8cm of stalks mulching thickness；After stalks mulching
Mulch film is covered, and with the tight mulch film mouth of grave；According to furrow face width, Small plastic shed is covered；Finally build big arch shed；
(5) soil treatment
Per 667m before ridging2With 3% phoxim granule 0.25kg, 2.5kg dilutions are watered, mix fine earth 30kg, heap vexed 1~2 is small
When, broadcast sowing field face preventing and treating subterranean pest-insect；
(6) field management
Kept for 20~26 DEG C of daytime, 12~14 DEG C of night；The mouth that leaks informaton of big arch shed is opened in growth early stage at noon, is heated up with the external world
And progressively increase the amount of leaking informaton；Mid or late March, the ventilation of big arch shed Kai Peng both ends；Early April, three films are by partly taking off film to taking off film entirely；4
The middle of the month, three films all remove；
According to growth of cereal crop seedlings growing way and soil moisture content, suitably poured water 1~2 time in potato florescence, pour water and carried out in the morning and evening；Such as growing way
It is weaker, ridging is combined in potato squaring period, is poured water, per 667m in furrow2Impose urea 10kg or potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30kg；
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Pulled out immediately during first meeting diseased plant, and with 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 500 times of liquid or 25% metalaxyl wettable powder
500 times of liquid spraying preventing and treatings of agent；Eliminated aphis with 20% fenvalerate missible oil, 2000 times of liquid sprayings are anti-；Kuh-seng rhizome is shredded, dried,
Milling, per 667m2Preventing and treating cutworm is spread fertilizer over the fields with 2.5kg；
(8) harvest
Excavate listing successively according to market conditions, timely second ploughing after harvesting, straw-returning improved soil.
2. the cultural method of the early film of spring sowing potato maize straw three covering as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step
(1) potato 3 or U.S. potato 8 during the toxicity-removing white potato described in is selected.
3. the cultural method of the early film of spring sowing potato maize straw three covering as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that step
Suddenly in (3), cutting knife is sterilized with 75% alcohol.
4. the cultural method of the early film of spring sowing potato maize straw three covering as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that step
Suddenly in (4), the maize straw mildews plain wettable powder by quality with 70% or 90% hymexazol wettable powder and 3%
Than 1: 1 mixing sterilization, concentration 10gm-3。
5. the cultural method of the early film of spring sowing potato maize straw three covering as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that step
Suddenly in (4), every 667m before mulch film is covered230kg is watered with 48% butralin missible oil 200ml, ridge face overlay film again is uniformly sprayed, has
Effect prevents and kill off annual grassy weeds and potato emergence is had no effect.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN110663485A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-10 | 甘肃省农业技术推广总站 | Dry land straw smashing full-coverage ridge culture hole-sowing potato green cultivation method |
| CN110972866A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-10 | 甘肃省农业技术推广总站 | Double-mulching ridge-planting potato cultivation method by using straw mulching film in plateau area |
| CN111034571A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-21 | 红河哈尼族彝族自治州农业科学院 | Winter potato cultivation method with equal height and transverse ridge culture and straw returning |
| CN111771643A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-10-16 | 李�荣 | Winter-sowing potato three-film cultivation technology |
| CN113875518A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-04 | 济宁市农业科学研究院 | Intercropping planting method for fresh corn and autumn potatoes |
| CN114467649A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-05-13 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for improving yield of edible sunflower by using broken wheat straw cushion film coverage |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110663485A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-10 | 甘肃省农业技术推广总站 | Dry land straw smashing full-coverage ridge culture hole-sowing potato green cultivation method |
| CN110972866A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-04-10 | 甘肃省农业技术推广总站 | Double-mulching ridge-planting potato cultivation method by using straw mulching film in plateau area |
| CN111034571A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-21 | 红河哈尼族彝族自治州农业科学院 | Winter potato cultivation method with equal height and transverse ridge culture and straw returning |
| CN111771643A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-10-16 | 李�荣 | Winter-sowing potato three-film cultivation technology |
| CN113875518A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-04 | 济宁市农业科学研究院 | Intercropping planting method for fresh corn and autumn potatoes |
| CN114467649A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-05-13 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for improving yield of edible sunflower by using broken wheat straw cushion film coverage |
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