CN107455259B - Cultivation method of beautiful millettia root - Google Patents
Cultivation method of beautiful millettia root Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/001—Culture apparatus for tissue culture
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/008—Methods for regeneration to complete plants
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. A cultivation method of beautiful millettia root comprises the following steps: a. collecting and processing seeds, b, culturing tissues, c, sowing and raising seedlings, d, transplanting, e, managing water and fertilizer, and f, pruning among seedlings. The culturing method of the beautiful millettia root provided by the invention has the advantages that the beautiful millettia root cultured by the method is cultured and rapidly propagated by taking seeds as materials through bud propagation, and seedlings are obtained through the steps of primary culture, multiplication subculture, strong seedling culture and rooting culture, and can not be detached.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of beautiful millettia root.
Background
Radix Millettiae Speciosae is a medicinal and edible plant belonging to Millettia of Papilionaceae, also named Millettia speciosa champ, radix Millettiae Speciosae, radix Seu caulis Parthenocissi Tricuspidatae, radix Ipomoeae and rhizoma Nelumbinis, and is prepared from radix Millettiae Speciosae as main ingredient, such as protein, starch and alkaloid. The beautiful millettia root is mainly used for treating lung heat, cough due to lung deficiency, pulmonary tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis, lumbar muscle strain, chronic bronchitis, chronic hepatitis and the like, and is a main raw material for producing various Chinese patent medicines. The root-growth regulator is mainly produced in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Vietnam in China, and different beautiful millettia root-origin leaves, flowers, fruits and potatoes have different shapes and growth conditions, strong root system penetrating power and large radiation range. At present, the beautiful millettia root mainly depends on wild excavation, so far, the artificial planting is few, the artificial planting is vigorously developed, the wild resources can be made up, good economic benefits can be created, and the potential is huge. In recent years, along with the rapid increase of market demand and days, the research on the breeding technology of the beautiful millettia root nursery stocks is gradually deep and comprehensive, mainly including seeding seedling, cutting seedling and tissue culture seedling, wherein the tissue culture seedling is one of effective methods for the large-scale breeding of the beautiful millettia root, at present, young stem sections are mostly adopted as explants, the disinfection is difficult, the research on the tissue culture rapid breeding by taking seeds as materials through a callus approach is already carried out, and the report on the tissue culture rapid breeding research of the beautiful millettia root by taking the seeds as materials through a bud breeding approach is not yet seen. In addition, the phenomena of dead seedlings, yellow leaves, long seedling revival time, no growth and the like often occur in the manual planting of the beautiful millettia root, and the overall survival rate of the beautiful millettia root is not high. In order to promote the artificial planting of beautiful millettia root and improve the economic benefit of the artificial planting, the technical problem to be solved urgently is to provide a beautiful millettia root planting method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the technical problems and provides a cultivation method of beautiful millettia root.
A cultivation method of beautiful millettia root comprises the following steps:
a. seed harvesting and processing
Selecting strong mother tree without diseases and insect pests after fruit ripening, picking fruit, peeling, taking out seed, soaking in clear water of 40 ~ 50 deg.C for 2 ~ 4 days, stirring with suspending agent of 2.5 ~ 3.5.5% for 10 ~ 15min, and sterilizing with 0.1 ~ 0.2.2% HgCl on sterile workbench2Sterilizing the solution for 8 ~ 10min, soaking in 75 ~ 85% ethanol for 10 ~ 15s, and washing with sterile water for 4 ~ 6 times;
b. tissue culture
b.1, primary culture, namely inoculating the seeds treated in the step a into a germination culture medium, performing sterile germination for 7 ~ 9 days under the condition of illumination for 12 ~ 15h every day and at the temperature of 22 ~ 26 ℃, wherein the germination culture medium comprises DKW +4 ~ 6mg/L6-BA +0.2 ~ 0.3.3 mg/LIBA +25g/L sucrose +6g/L agar;
b.2, proliferation subculture, namely, after the seed sprouts in the step b.1 grow to 5 ~ 6cm, cutting long axillary bud stem segments with the length of 4cm at the upper part into 2 segments with 2 axillary buds each segment, horizontally inoculating the segments to a proliferation culture medium for proliferation culture for 20 ~ 25 days to obtain proliferation subculture buds, wherein the illumination is 16 ~ 18 hours every day, and the temperature is 23 ~ 27 ℃;
b.3, strong seedling culture, namely inoculating the proliferation subculture bud obtained in the step b.2 to a strong seedling culture medium, and placing the culture medium in a culture room for strong seedling culture for 22 ~ 26 days, wherein the strong seedling culture medium is MS +0.1 ~ 0.4mg/L6-BA +0.2 ~ 0.4mg/L LNAA +30g/L sucrose +8g/L agar, and a strong cluster bud with the length of 3 ~ 4cm is selected for later use;
b.4, rooting culture, namely transferring the robust cluster buds obtained in the step b.3 onto a rooting culture medium, and placing the culture medium into a culture room for rooting culture for 22 ~ 28d to obtain rooted seedlings;
c. seeding and seedling raising
c.1, firstly filling nutrient soil of 4 ~ 5cm into seedling bags, spraying carbendazim solution with the concentration of 2.5 ~ 3.5.5% onto the nutrient soil, dibbling the rooted seedlings obtained in the step b.4 into the seedling bags, covering the nutrient soil of 0.8 ~ 1.2cm on the upper layer, putting the dibbled seedling bags into a greenhouse to form furrows, ridging the four sides of each furrow by using soil, and sequentially filling enough water;
c.2, when the seedlings all grow out of the soil surface and the lateral roots begin to stretch, fertilizing once at intervals of 15 ~ 20d, wherein the fertilizer for fertilizing is a calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer, and spraying clear water to clean leaves after fertilizing;
d. transplanting
Transplanting when the seedlings grow to 20 ~ 30 cm;
e. liquid manure management
Spraying water once every 7 ~ 10 days, applying fertilizers for 3 times every year, applying a mixture of a calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer and a farmyard manure for the first time, wherein the fertilizing time is before germination, applying the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer for the second time, the fertilizing time is in a young sprout growth period, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer for the third time, and the fertilizing time is in a bud period;
f. pruning among seedlings: and (3) removing weak seedlings and diseased seedlings at the place where the seedlings grow too densely, keeping strong seedlings, controlling the length of the rattans, and trimming branches exceeding 50-60cm in sequence.
Further, the nutrient soil is prepared by the following method that 100 ~ 150 parts of humus soil, 20 ~ 50 parts of peat soil and 80 ~ 100 parts of Fisher vermiculite are mixed and stirred according to parts by weight, 0.5 ~ 2.5.5 parts of 35% quintozene is used for disinfection, 0.2 ~ 0.8.8 parts of EM microbial inoculum and 0.1 ~ 0.3.3 parts of rooting powder are added and mixed uniformly to obtain the nutrient soil.
Furthermore, the proliferation culture medium comprises DKW +2 ~ 4mg/L6-BA +0.2mg/L IBA +8 ~ 10g/L cysteine +10g/L agar.
Furthermore, the rooting medium comprises MS +0.2 ~ 0.5.5 mg/LIBA +0.3 ~ 0.5.5 mg/LNAA +30g/L sucrose.
Further, the seedling raising bag in the step c is a degradable seedling raising bag of 10cmX10 cm.
Furthermore, during transplanting in the step d, sandy soil which is sufficient in sunlight, deep in soil layer, good in drainage and loose and fertile is selected, and seedlings are planted according to the row spacing of 18 ~ 20cm and the plant spacing of 10 ~ 15cm, wherein the planting number is 480 ~ 550/mu.
Furthermore, in the water and fertilizer management process of the step e, the dosage of the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer applied for the first time is 30 ~ 45 kg/mu, the application dosage of the farmyard manure is 50 ~ 60 kg/mu, the dosage of the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer applied for the second time is 60 ~ 65 kg/mu, and the dosage of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer applied for the third time is 65 ~ 70 kg/mu.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects due to the adoption of the scheme:
1. according to the cultivation method of the beautiful millettia root, the plant is mature when the seed is selected, the plant with vigorous growth, good plant type and good resistance can be identified and selected as the female parent material, and the seedling obtained after tissue culture and breeding can have the same excellent characters as the female parent plant. The beautiful millettia root cultivated by the method has the advantages of good growth and development, high and robust plant, developed seedling root system, stout vine, fast growth, more potato bearing, simple management and strong disease resistance.
2. The cultivation method of beautiful millettia root provided by the invention takes seeds as materials to carry out tissue culture and rapid propagation of beautiful millettia root through a bud propagation way, and seedlings are obtained through the steps of primary culture, multiplication subculture, strong seedling culture and rooting culture, so that the seedlings do not have a dehydration phenomenon, have no seedling revival stage, have short seedling hardening time, have the characteristics of simple cultivation method and high survival rate, and are suitable for batch production.
3. The cultivation method of the beautiful millettia root cultivated by the invention can effectively avoid that the seeds do not sprout due to drought and dehydration by cultivating the seedlings through tissue, can provide a good growth environment for the seedlings by using the seedling cultivation bags for sowing and seedling cultivation, can influence the growth of root systems because the traditional seedling cultivation bags are smaller, the seedling cultivation bags grow out of the root systems, the seedling cultivation bags are not removed during transplanting, the water absorption of the root systems is limited, if the seedling cultivation bags are removed, the root systems of the beautiful millettia root seedlings are easy to break during transplanting, and damage is caused to plants, the cultivation method of the beautiful millettia root cultivated by using the degradable seedling cultivation bags of 10cmX10cm can well solve the problems, and nutrient soil in the seedling cultivation bags is prepared through multiple research tests, the nutrient soil is mainly prepared by mixing sterilized humus soil, peat soil and vermiculite, and a proper amount of EM (effective microorganisms) and rooting powder are added into the nutrient soil, so that the soil is loose, the humus is rich in humus, the nutrition is comprehensive, the nutrition, the quality of the beautiful millettia root is ensured, the soil is rich in soil, the nutrition, the mature soil is good in the environment, the high-stable-growth of beautiful millettia root cultivation soil, the high-growth of the potato seedling cultivation soil, the high-growth-improvement of the cultivation of beautiful millettia root-seedling cultivation of the beautiful millettia root-growth-.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further specifically described below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
A cultivation method of beautiful millettia root comprises the following steps: collecting and processing seeds, culturing tissues, sowing and raising seedlings, transplanting, managing water and fertilizer and pruning among seedlings.
a. Seed harvesting and processing
Selecting strong mother tree without disease and insect pest after fruit ripening, picking fruit, peeling off fruit shell, taking out seed, soaking in clear water of 40 deg.C for 2 days, stirring with suspending agent of 2.5% dulex for 10min, and placing in sterile workbench with 0.1% HgCl2Sterilizing the solution for 8 ~ 10min, soaking in 75% ethanol for 10s, and washing with sterile water for 4 times.
b. Tissue culture
b.1 primary culture: b, inoculating the seeds treated in the step a into a germination culture medium, performing sterile germination for 7 days, and performing illumination for 12h every day at the temperature of 22 ℃; the germination medium comprises the following components: DKW +4mg/L6-BA +0.2mg/L IBA +25g/L sucrose +6g/L agar;
b.2 proliferation subculture: and c, when the seed sprouts in the step b.1 grow to 5cm, cutting a long axillary bud stem section with the length of 4cm at the upper part into 2 sections, wherein each section is provided with 2 axillary buds, transversely inoculating the axillary buds to a proliferation culture medium for proliferation culture, wherein the proliferation culture medium comprises the following components: DKW +2mg/L6-BA +0.2mg/L IBA +8g/L cysteine +10g/L agar, and culturing for 20 days to obtain proliferation subculture buds; the illumination is carried out for 16h every day, and the temperature is 23 ℃;
b.3, strong seedling culture: b, inoculating the proliferation subculture bud obtained in the step b.2 to a strong seedling culture medium, and placing the culture medium in a culture room for strong seedling culture for 22 days; the strong seedling culture medium is MS +0.1mg/L6-BA +0.2mg/LNAA +30g/L sucrose +8g/L agar, and strong cluster buds with the length of 3cm are selected for later use;
b.4 rooting culture: transferring the robust cluster buds obtained in the step b.3 onto a rooting culture medium, and placing the culture medium in a culture room for rooting culture, wherein the rooting culture medium comprises the following components: MS +0.2mg/LIBA +0.3mg/LNAA +30g/L sucrose, and culturing for 22d to obtain the rooting seedling.
c. Seeding and seedling raising
c.1, filling 4cm of nutrient soil into seedling bags, wherein the seedling bags are degradable seedling bags of 10cmX10cm, spraying 2.5% carbendazim solution on the nutrient soil, dibbling the rooted seedlings obtained in the step b.4 into the seedling bags, covering 0.8cm of nutrient soil on the upper layer, placing the dibbled seedling bags into a greenhouse to form furrows, ridging the periphery of each furrow with soil, and sequentially filling enough water; wherein the nutrient soil is prepared by the following method: mixing and stirring 100 parts of humus soil, 20 parts of peat soil and 80 parts of vermiculite in parts by weight, disinfecting with 0.5 part of 35% quintozene, adding 0.2 part of EM microbial inoculum and 0.1 part of rooting powder, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain the nutrient soil.
And c.2, fertilizing once at intervals of 15 days when the seedlings all grow out of the soil surface and the lateral roots begin to stretch, wherein the fertilizer is a calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer, and spraying clear water to clean leaves after fertilization.
d. Transplanting
And when the seedlings grow to 20cm, transplanting, selecting sandy soil with sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer, good drainage and loose fertility, and planting the seedlings according to the row spacing of 18cm and the plant spacing of 10cm, wherein the planting number is 480 plants/mu.
e. Liquid manure management
Spraying water once every 7 days, applying fertilizers for 3 times every year, and applying a mixture of a calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer and a farmyard manure for the first time, wherein the dosage of the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 30 kg/mu, and the application amount of the farmyard manure is 50 kg/mu; the fertilizing time is before germination, a calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer is applied for the second time, and the dosage of the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 60 kg/mu; the fertilization time is the growth period of new shoots, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is fertilized for the third time, the dosage of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 65 kg/mu, and the fertilization time is the bud period.
f. Pruning among seedlings: and (3) removing weak seedlings and diseased seedlings at the places where the seedlings grow too densely, keeping strong seedlings, controlling the length of the rattans, and trimming branches exceeding 50cm in sequence.
Example 2
A cultivation method of beautiful millettia root comprises the following steps: collecting and processing seeds, culturing tissues, sowing and raising seedlings, transplanting, managing water and fertilizer and pruning among seedlings.
a. Seed harvesting and processing
Selecting strong mother tree without disease and insect pest after fruit ripening, picking fruit, peeling off fruit shell, taking out seed, soaking in 50 deg.C clear water for 4 days, stirring with 3.5% suspending agent for 15min, and placing in 0.2% HgCl on sterile workbench2Sterilizing the solution for 10min, soaking in 85% ethanol for 15s, and washing with sterile water for 6 times.
b. Tissue culture
b.1 primary culture: b, inoculating the seeds treated in the step a into a germination culture medium, performing sterile germination for 9 days, and performing illumination for 15h every day at the temperature of 26 ℃; the germination medium comprises the following components: DKW +6mg/L6-BA +0.3mg/L IBA +25g/L sucrose +6g/L agar;
b.2 proliferation subculture: and c, when the seed sprouts in the step b.1 grow to 6cm, cutting a long axillary bud stem section with the length of 4cm at the upper part into 2 sections, wherein each section is provided with 2 axillary buds, transversely inoculating the axillary buds to a proliferation culture medium for proliferation culture, wherein the proliferation culture medium comprises the following components: DKW +4mg/L6-BA +0.2mg/L IBA +10g/L cysteine +10g/L agar, and culturing for 25 days to obtain proliferation subculture buds; the lamp is illuminated for 18 hours every day at the temperature of 27 ℃;
b.3, strong seedling culture: b, inoculating the proliferation subculture bud obtained in the step b.2 to a strong seedling culture medium, and placing the culture medium in a culture room for strong seedling culture for 26 days; the strong seedling culture medium is MS +0.4mg/L6-BA +0.4mg/LNAA +30g/L sucrose +8g/L agar, and strong cluster buds with the length of 4cm are selected for later use;
b.4 rooting culture: transferring the robust cluster buds obtained in the step b.3 onto a rooting culture medium, and placing the culture medium in a culture room for rooting culture, wherein the rooting culture medium comprises the following components: MS +0.5mg/LIBA +0.5mg/LNAA +30g/L sucrose, and culturing for 28 days to obtain the rooting seedling.
c. Seeding and seedling raising
c.1, firstly filling 5cm of nutrient soil into seedling bags, wherein the seedling bags are degradable seedling bags of 10cmX10cm, spraying 3.5% carbendazim solution on the nutrient soil, dibbling the rooted seedlings obtained in the step b.4 into the seedling bags, covering 1.2cm of nutrient soil on the upper layer, placing the dibbled seedling bags into a greenhouse to form furrows, ridging the periphery of each furrow with soil, and sequentially filling enough water; wherein the nutrient soil is prepared by the following method: according to the weight parts, 150 parts of humus soil, 50 parts of peat soil and 100 parts of vermiculite are mixed and stirred, 2.5 parts of 35% quintozene is used for disinfection, 0.8 part of EM microbial inoculum and 0.3 part of rooting powder are added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and stirred to obtain the nutrient soil.
And c.2, fertilizing once at intervals of 20 days when the seedlings all grow out of the soil surface and the lateral roots begin to stretch, wherein the fertilizer is a calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer, and spraying clear water to clean leaves after fertilization.
d. Transplanting
And when the seedlings grow to 30cm, transplanting, selecting sandy soil with sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer, good drainage and loose fertility, and planting the seedlings according to the row spacing of 20cm and the plant spacing of 15cm, wherein the planting number is 550 plants/mu.
e. Liquid manure management
Spraying water once every 10 days, applying fertilizers for 3 times every year, and applying a mixture of a calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer and a farmyard manure for the first time, wherein the dosage of the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 45 kg/mu, and the application amount of the farmyard manure is 60 kg/mu; the fertilizing time is before germination, a calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer is applied for the second time, and the dosage of the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 65 kg/mu; the fertilization time is the growth period of new shoots, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is fertilized for the third time, the dosage of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 70 kg/mu, and the fertilization time is the bud period.
f. Pruning among seedlings: and (3) removing weak seedlings and diseased seedlings at the places where the seedlings grow too densely, keeping strong seedlings, controlling the length of the rattans, and trimming branches exceeding 60cm in sequence.
Example 3
A cultivation method of beautiful millettia root comprises the following steps: collecting and processing seeds, culturing tissues, sowing and raising seedlings, transplanting, managing water and fertilizer and pruning among seedlings.
a. Seed harvesting and processing
Selecting strong mother tree without disease and insect pest after fruit ripening, picking fruit, peeling off fruit shell, taking out seed, soaking in 50 deg.C clear water for 3 days, stirring with 3% suspending agent for 12min, and placing in 0.15% HgCl on sterile workbench2Sterilizing the solution for 9min, soaking in 80% ethanol for 12s, and washing with sterile water for 5 times.
b. Tissue culture
b.1 primary culture: b, inoculating the seeds treated in the step a into a germination culture medium, performing sterile germination for 8 days, and performing illumination for 13h every day at the temperature of 25 ℃; the germination medium comprises the following components: DKW +5mg/L6-BA +0.25mg/L IBA +25g/L sucrose +6g/L agar;
b.2 proliferation subculture: and c, when the seed sprouts in the step b.1 grow to 5.5cm, cutting long axillary bud stem sections with the length of 4cm at the upper part into 2 sections, wherein each section has 2 axillary buds, transversely inoculating the axillary buds to a proliferation culture medium for proliferation culture, wherein the proliferation culture medium comprises the following components: DKW +3mg/L6-BA +0.2mg/L IBA +9g/L cysteine +10g/L agar, and culturing for 22 days to obtain proliferation subculture buds; the lamp is illuminated for 17 hours every day at the temperature of 25 ℃;
b.3, strong seedling culture, namely inoculating the proliferation subculture bud obtained in the step b.2 to a strong seedling culture medium, and placing the culture medium in a culture room for strong seedling culture for 22 ~ 26 days, wherein the strong seedling culture medium is MS +0.1 ~ 0.4mg/L6-BA +0.2 ~ 0.4mg/L LNAA +30g/L sucrose +8g/L agar, and a strong cluster bud with the length of 3.5cm is selected for later use;
b.4 rooting culture: transferring the robust cluster buds obtained in the step b.3 onto a rooting culture medium, and placing the culture medium in a culture room for rooting culture, wherein the rooting culture medium comprises the following components: MS +0.3mg/LIBA +0.4mg/LNAA +30g/L sucrose, and culturing for 25d to obtain the rooting seedling.
c. Seeding and seedling raising
c.1, filling 4.5cm of nutrient soil into seedling bags, wherein the seedling bags are degradable seedling bags of 10cmX10cm, spraying 3% carbendazim solution on the nutrient soil, dibbling the rooted seedlings obtained in the step b.4 into the seedling bags, covering 1.1cm of nutrient soil on the upper layer, placing the dibbled seedling bags into a greenhouse to form furrows, ridging the periphery of each furrow with soil, and sequentially filling enough water; wherein the nutrient soil is prepared by the following method: according to the weight parts, 120 parts of humus soil, 40 parts of peat soil and 90 parts of vermiculite are mixed and stirred, 2 parts of 35% quintozene is used for disinfection, 0.5 part of EM microbial inoculum and 0.2 part of rooting powder are added, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and stirred to obtain the nutrient soil.
And c.2, fertilizing once at intervals of 18 days when the seedlings all grow out of the soil surface and the lateral roots begin to stretch, wherein the fertilizer is a calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer, and spraying clear water to clean leaves after fertilization.
d. Transplanting
And when the seedlings grow to 25cm, transplanting, selecting sandy soil with sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer, good drainage and loose fertility, and planting the seedlings according to the row spacing of 19cm and the plant spacing of 12cm, wherein the planting number is 500 plants/mu.
e. Liquid manure management
Spraying water once every 9 days, applying fertilizers for 3 times every year, and applying a mixture of a calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer and a farmyard manure for the first time, wherein the dosage of the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 35 kg/mu, and the application amount of the farmyard manure is 55 kg/mu; the fertilizing time is before germination, a calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer is applied for the second time, and the dosage of the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer is 62 kg/mu; the fertilization time is the growth period of new shoots, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is fertilized for the third time, the dosage of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 68 kg/mu, and the fertilization time is the bud period.
f. Pruning among seedlings: and (3) removing weak seedlings and diseased seedlings at the places where the seedlings grow too densely, keeping strong seedlings, controlling the length of the rattans, and trimming branches exceeding 55cm in sequence.
Test cases
According to the method, a large number of field tests are carried out, the same type of beautiful millettia root is planted by a cuttage method, direct seed planting and the cultivation method of the embodiment 1-3, the average growth conditions of the beautiful millettia root blocks after three years are recorded, and then comparison is carried out. The growth of the root mass of beautiful millettia root is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
| Cutting method | Direct planting method for seeds | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | |
| Survival rate (%) | 85 | 86 | 99 | 98 | 98 |
| Root length (cm) | 10~29 | 10~27 | 15~36 | 15~35 | 16~36 |
| Root diameter (cm) | 1.5~2.5 | 1.4~2.6 | 1.8~2.1 | 1.9~2.2 | 1.8~2.1 |
| Single fresh beautiful millettia root number (strip) | 4~8 | 5~8 | 6~7 | 6~7 | 6~8 |
| Disease resistance | Weak and sick | Weak and sick | Strong and no disease | Strong and no disease | Strong and no disease |
| Mu yield (t) | 3.4 | 3.3 | 4.8 | 4.7 | 5.0 |
In conclusion, the data recorded by the planting results show that compared with the traditional cuttage method and direct seed planting, the cultivation method of the beautiful millettia root has the advantages of regular beautiful millettia root length, high emergence rate, strong drought resistance and disease resistance after transplanting, no rot on stem sections, high yield after transplanting and planting, irregular seedling growth and low yield and income. In addition, the seedlings obtained by tissue culture and breeding are planted, so that the beautiful millettia root grows well, the height of the seedlings is high and robust, the root systems of the seedlings are developed, the rattans are thick and strong, the growth is fast, the number of the potatoes is large, and the disease resistance is strong.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The cultivation method of the beautiful millettia root is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. seed harvesting and processing
Selecting strong mother tree without diseases and insect pests after fruit ripening, picking fruit, peeling, taking out seed, soaking in clear water of 40 ~ 50 deg.C for 2 ~ 4 days, stirring with suspending agent of 2.5 ~ 3.5.5% for 10 ~ 15min, and sterilizing with 0.1 ~ 0.2.2% HgCl on sterile workbench2Sterilizing the solution for 8 ~ 10min, soaking in 75 ~ 85% ethanol for 10 ~ 15s, and washing with sterile water for 4 ~ 6 times;
b. tissue culture
b.1, primary culture, namely inoculating the seeds treated in the step a into a germination culture medium, performing sterile germination for 7 ~ 9 days under the condition of illumination for 12 ~ 15h every day and at the temperature of 22 ~ 26 ℃, wherein the germination culture medium comprises DKW +4 ~ 6mg/L6-BA +0.2 ~ 0.3.3 mg/L IBA +25g/L sucrose +6g/L agar;
b.2, proliferation subculture, namely, after the seed sprouts in the step b.1 grow to 5 ~ 6cm, cutting long-strip axillary bud stem segments with the upper part of 4cm into 2 segments with 2 axillary buds each, transversely inoculating the segments to a proliferation culture medium for proliferation culture, wherein the proliferation culture medium comprises DKW +2 ~ 4mg/L6-BA +0.2mg/L IBA +8 ~ 10g/L cysteine +10g/L agar, and the culture time is 20 ~ 25 days to obtain proliferation subculture buds, wherein the illumination is 16 ~ 18 hours every day, and the temperature is 23 ~ 27 ℃;
b.3, strong seedling culture, namely inoculating the proliferation subculture bud obtained in the step b.2 to a strong seedling culture medium, and placing the culture medium in a culture room for strong seedling culture for 22 ~ 26 days, wherein the strong seedling culture medium is MS +0.1 ~ 0.4mg/L6-BA +0.2 ~ 0.4mg/L LNAA +30g/L sucrose +8g/L agar, and a strong cluster bud with the length of 3 ~ 4cm is selected for later use;
b.4, rooting culture, namely transferring the robust cluster buds obtained in the step b.3 onto a rooting culture medium, wherein the rooting culture medium comprises MS +0.2 ~ 0.5.5 mg/LIBA +0.3 ~ 0.5.5 mg/LNAA +30g/L sucrose, and placing the culture medium into a culture room for rooting culture for 22 ~ 28d to obtain rooted seedlings;
c. seeding and seedling raising
c.1, firstly filling 4 ~ 5cm of nutrient soil into seedling bags, spraying carbendazim solution with the concentration of 2.5 ~ 3.5.5% on the nutrient soil, dibbling the rooted seedlings obtained in the step b.4 into the seedling bags, covering 0.8 ~ 1.2.2 cm of nutrient soil on the upper layer, putting the dibbled seedling bags into a greenhouse to form ridges, ridging the ridges around each ridge with soil, and sequentially filling sufficient water, wherein the nutrient soil is prepared by the following method that, by weight, 100 ~ 150 parts of humus soil, 20 ~ 50 parts of peat soil and 80 ~ 100 parts of vermiculite are mixed and stirred, after being disinfected by 0.5 ~ 2.5.5 parts of 35% quintozene, 0.2 ~ 0.8.8 parts of EM fungicide and 0.1 ~ 0.3.3 parts of rooting powder are added, mixed and stirred uniformly to obtain the nutrient soil;
c.2, when the seedlings all grow out of the soil surface and the lateral roots begin to stretch, fertilizing once at intervals of 15 ~ 20d, wherein the fertilizer for fertilizing is a calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer, and spraying clear water to clean leaves after fertilizing;
d. transplanting
Transplanting when the seedlings grow to 20 ~ 30 cm;
e. liquid manure management
Spraying water once every 7 ~ 10 days, applying fertilizers for 3 times every year, applying a mixture of a calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer and a farmyard manure for the first time, wherein the fertilizing time is before germination, applying the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer for the second time, the fertilizing time is in a young sprout growth period, applying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer for the third time, and the fertilizing time is in a bud period;
f. pruning among seedlings: and (3) removing weak seedlings and diseased seedlings at the place where the seedlings grow too densely, keeping strong seedlings, controlling the length of the rattans, and trimming branches exceeding 50-60cm in sequence.
2. A method of cultivating beautiful millettia root according to claim 1, characterized in that: and c, the seedling raising bag in the step c is a degradable seedling raising bag with the thickness of 10cm multiplied by 10 cm.
3. A cultivation method of beautiful millettia root as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the transplanting in step d, sandy soil with sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer, good drainage and loose fertility is selected, seedlings are planted according to the row spacing of 18 ~ 20cm and the plant spacing of 10 ~ 15cm, and the planting number is 480 ~ 550 plants/mu.
4. The cultivation method of beautiful millettia roots according to claim 1, characterized in that in the water and fertilizer management process of step e, the dosage of the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer applied for the first time is 30 ~ 45 kg/mu, the application dosage of the farmyard manure is 50 ~ 60 kg/mu, the dosage of the calcium-magnesium-phosphorus compound fertilizer applied for the second time is 60 ~ 65 kg/mu, and the dosage of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer applied for the third time is 65 ~ 70 kg/mu.
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| CN113396820A (en) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-09-17 | 广州麦林种业有限公司 | Method for cultivating new variety of beautiful millettia root by molecular marker crossbreeding method |
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| CN116762696B (en) * | 2023-06-14 | 2024-10-29 | 广西壮族自治区药用植物园 | Tissue culture rapid propagation method for Sparassis crispa |
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