CN1073292A

CN1073292A - Silver based alloy electric contact material

Info

Publication number: CN1073292A
Application number: CN 91111014
Authority: CN
Inventors: 秦国义; 谢宏潮; 黎鼎鑫
Original assignee: KUNMING NOBLE METAL INST CHINA NONFERROUS METAL INDUSTRY GENERAL Co
Current assignee: KUNMING NOBLE METAL INST CHINA NONFERROUS METAL INDUSTRY GENERAL Co
Priority date: 1991-12-12
Filing date: 1991-12-12
Publication date: 1993-06-16
Anticipated expiration: 2006-12-12
Also published as: CN1027822C

Abstract

Silver based alloy electric contact material of the present invention, its composition comprises rare earth element Sm, Yb, Eu, Tm, Ho, Dy, at least a among the Er, Fe, Co, Ni, W, V, Cr, Zr, B, C, at least a element among the Si, and Sn, Al, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, In, Mn, Bi, at least a element among the Mg.This alloy also can add La, Ca, Y, Gd, Pr, Nd, at least a element among the Lu.This alloy material has arc extinguishing, resistance fusion welding, anti-scorching, the anti-stick good advantage of performance that connects, and contact resistance is low and stable, production technology is simple, and cost is low, and processability is good, can reach 100,000 useful life on midget relay, can replace AgCdO to use to a certain extent.

Description

Silver based alloy electric contact material

The invention belongs to silver based alloy electric contact material.

Silver-base alloy is widely used as contact material.Traditional silver-based electric contact material includes: fine silver, Ag-CdO, Ag-Ni, or the like, and that wherein use wider range is Ag-CdO, in recent years, in order to adapt to new specification requirement, reduce material cost, eliminate the murder by poisoning of cadmium, traditional silver-based electric contact material is improved, and has developed Ag-SnO ₂System, Ag-Bi ₂O ₃System and silver-new silver-based electric contact materials such as rare-earth oxide system.Japan " industrial materials " (Vol, NO3.1979.P15) reported the silver-rare-earth oxide contact material that adds oxidation preparation at least a metallic element carries out among Ce family (La, Ce, Pr, Lu) and Mg, Mn, Zn, Ti, Ni, the Zr among the Ag, its performance is suitable with AgCdO under some bar, is specially adapted to the relay of medium and small electric current.In order to improve small-sized rectifier contact strip Ag-Cd, the resistance to wear of Ag-Cu, Ag-Sn alloy, JP58-107445 discloses the contactor material that adds Sn, W, Ce, Sb, Cd, Mo, Se, Zn, Ca, Mg and the element preparation of Fe family in Ag; JP58-107452 discloses the contactor material that adds Cu, Si, Zr, Bi, Ga and Fe family element in Ag: JP61-130442 and discloses the contactor material that adds C, B, Si, Ge, Te and Fe family element in Ag; JP61-130444 discloses the contactor material that adds C, In, Sn and Fe family element in Ag: JP61-130445 and discloses the contactor material that adds C, Al, Ga, Mn and Fe family element in Ag; JP61-130447 discloses a kind of contactor material that adds C, Cr, Mg, Zr and Fe family element in Ag.The resistance to wear of these materials all improves a lot, but contact resistance is all bigger.

Along with the microminiaturization of relay, contact force, breakaway, connect electric gap and reduce, require contact material to have low and stable contact resistance, temperature rise little, better arc extinguishing, resistance fusion welding are arranged, anti-electrical loss, anti-stick connecing, anti-metal transfer etc.Above-mentioned silver-based electric contact material is used for all existing on the midget relay certain problem.At 220V, 10A, contact force 6g, on the microrelay of 30 branches of break-make frequency, the electric life of the Ag-CdO of better performances does not reach 100,000 times electric life designing requirement less than 30,000 times.Other silver-based electric contact materials are not because the contact resistance height is not used because electric life is short exactly.In addition, above-mentioned contact material all is powder metallurgy or interior oxidation production except that the minority alloy, complex process, and poor processability, cost height, Ag-CdO also cause public hazards, and Ag-CdO is difficult for welding.

The present invention proposes a kind of new silver based alloy electric contact material.This material contact resistance is low and stable, arc extinguishing, resistance fusion welding, anti-cementability, anti-scorching, resistance to wear, anti-galvanic corrosion and good processability.This material can not only be used for midget relay, and can partly replace Ag-CdO and some other silver-based electric contact materials on the AC-DC relay of medium and small electric current.

The composition (wt%) of the Pd-Ag substrate alloy material that the present invention proposes is: 1. at least a element among rare earth element Sm, Yb, Eu, Tm, Ho, Dy, the Er, and content is 0.05～2, the best is 0.5～1.5; At least a element among Fe, Co, Ni, W, V, Cr, Zr, B, C, the Si, content are 0.005～0.5, and the best is 0.05～0.3; At least a element among Sn, Al, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, In, Mn, Bi, the Mg, content are 0.1～5, and the best is 0.3～2; Surplus is a silver.

2, in above-mentioned alloy, also can add at least a element among La, Ce, Y, Gd, Pr, Nd, the Lu, content is 0～1, the best is 0.1～0.5.

Silver is owing to have conductivity the highest in the metal and thermal conductivity, and fabulous processing characteristics is so silver or silver alloy are widely used as contact material.Rare earth element Sm, Yb, Eu, Tm, Ho, Dy, Er and La, Ce, Y, Gd, Pr, Nd, Lu can strong refinement silver grain structure and improve silver-colored recrystallization temperature, their vapour pressure is all higher simultaneously, volatile, especially other rare earth elements of steaming pressure ratio of Sm, Yb, Eu, Tm etc. are higher, easier volatilization, when the contact starting the arc, the steam of a large amount of rare earth elements that are evaporated is arc extinguishing rapidly, reduce temperature rise, thereby improve the arc extinction performance and the anti-electric corrosion performance of contact greatly.Extinguishing rapidly of electric arc solidified the silver of fusing very soon, avoided melting welding, and silver-base alloy of the present invention does not carry out interior oxidation processes, thereby has avoided rare earth element to be present in the silver with oxide form, and because the rare earth oxide fusing point is very high.Steam forces down, and does not have the arc extinguishing effect and might make the problem of arc reignition in the arcing process.But effect was little when rare earth element was less than 0.05Wt%, the adding that is difficult to process Fe, Co, Ni, W, V, Cr, Zr, Si and B, C during greater than 2.Wt% helps further crystal grain thinning, improve micro-hardness, improve alloy wear-resisting, anti-cementability, resistance fusion welding, effect was little when addition was less than 0.005wt%, and during greater than 0.5wt%, process with powder metallurgy process, and the contact resistance of alloy can increase.The Sn that selects, Al, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, In, Mn, Bi, the Mg element is some low-melting metals, they can form alloy with Ag, again can with Fe, Co, Ni, W, V, Cr, Zr, Si and B, C forms the lower intermediate alloy of fusing point, can be equably the metal and the nonmetal (Fe that can not dissolve each other with Ag, Co, Ni, W, V, Cr, Zr, Si and B, C) add in the silver, improve the performance of material, on the other hand, they also have certain anti-sulfuration, can reduce the contact resistance of material and make it stable, but effect was little when addition was less than 0.1wt%, and during greater than 5wt%, contact resistance is raise.

Alloy of the present invention has following advantage:

1, arc extinguishing, resistance fusion welding, anti-loss, anti-cementability and anti-metal transfer are good, contact resistance is low and stable, temperature rise is little, go up by full performance test at midget relay (220V, 10A, contact force 6g, break-make frequency 30 times/minute), reach electric life and be 100,000 times designing requirement.

2, production technology is simple, and cost is low, and alloy of the present invention is method of smelting routinely, and processing method is made a material or sheet material, does not carry out interior oxidation processes, and energy consumption is low in the course of processing, and the amount of labour is little, so production cost is low, production technology process has obvious economic benefit.

3, good processability, cold deformation amount can reach more than 95%, and the sheet material that alloy of the present invention is made, silk material are easy to be shaped to the contact of different shape, and this alloy can also form various composite contacts with the alloy of other base metals.In addition, alloy good welding performance of the present invention, and nonhazardous.

4 alloys of the present invention can replace a large amount of fine silver that use, thin brilliant silver etc. below electric current 10A at present, reduce contact size, and life-saving makes relay miniaturization, highly reliable, the long-life, effectively saves silver and the cost that reduces relay.Also can some occasion below 20A replace AgCdO and the relatively poor silver-based contact material of some other processing characteristics, reduce the public hazards of Cd and reduce material cost.The alloy of this invention is easy to form the composite contact material with copper and copper alloy, therefore can replace some unmanageable silver-based contact materials with it in some occasion, is the another effective way of saving silver.

Embodiment:

1, Sm0.8wt.%, Cu1.14wt%, Ni0.3wt%, B0.06wt%, surplus is a silver.Alloy is the vacuum argon filling melting in intermediate frequency furnace, waters to cast from the graphite furnace, and conventional method is processed into the slider material of all size shape.

2, Sm0.8wt.%, Tm0.3wt%, A10.35wt%, W0.15wt%, surplus is a silver, processing method is with embodiment 1.

3, Sm0.5wt%, Y0.3wt%, Si0.15wt%, In0.35wt%, surplus is a silver, processing method is the same.

4, Yb0.5wt%, Si0.15wt%, the Ge0.35wt% surplus is a silver.

5, Sm0.8wt.%, Ga0.3wt.%, V0.2wt.%, B0.02wt.%, Ni0.19wt.%, surplus is a silver

The alloy processing method of embodiment 4,5 is with 1.

The performance of the alloy material of above embodiment is listed in the table 1.

The performance of table 1 silver based alloy electric contact material

Annotate: the test condition of contact resistance is: with the gold pairing, measure electric current 10mA, contact pressure 10g, survey with four probe method.

Claims

1, a kind of silver based alloy electric contact material is characterized in that the composition (weight %) of this alloy material is:

(1) rare earth element, Sm, Yb, Eu, Tm, Ho, Dy, at least a element among the Er, content are 0.05～2;

(2) Fe, Co, Ni, W, V, Cr, Zr, Si, B, at least a element among the C, content are 0.005～0.5;

(3) Sn, Al, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, In, Mn, Bi, at least a element among the mg, content are 0.1～5;

(4) surplus is a silver.

2, according to the said alloy material of claim 1, it is characterized in that (1) group element content optimum range is 0.5～1.5w.t%, (2) group element optimum range 0.05～0.3wt%, (3) group element content the best is 0.3～2wt%.

3, according to claim 1,2 said alloy materials, it is characterized in that also can adding La in the said alloy, Ce, Y, Gd, Pr, Nd, at least a element among the Lu, the interpolation scope is 0～1wt%, optimum range is 0.1～0.5wt%.