CN107107432B - 可伸缩挠性软管及其连续制造方法及生产线 - Google Patents
可伸缩挠性软管及其连续制造方法及生产线 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107107432B CN107107432B CN201580062145.7A CN201580062145A CN107107432B CN 107107432 B CN107107432 B CN 107107432B CN 201580062145 A CN201580062145 A CN 201580062145A CN 107107432 B CN107107432 B CN 107107432B
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Abstract
软管包括由弹性聚合物材料制成的至少一个内层(10)和一个外层(20);介于所述至少一个内层和外层(10、20)之间的至少一个纺织增强层(30、40)。内层(10)和外层(20)相互结合以形成整体管状构件(50),纺织增强层(30、40)嵌入其中。整体管状构件(50)具有弹性,以便在流过其中的液体施加的工作压力下自动伸长,增加其原始长度,并且一旦工作压力停止,自动恢复。纺织增强层(30、40)可从工作压力停止时的停用构型向所述整体管状构件(50)在工作压力下延长的工作构型移动,反之亦然。
Description
技术领域
本发明通常适用于挠性软管的技术领域,特别涉及优选用于输送水的灌溉软管或花园软管的挠性软管,其是可伸缩的,即,在其内部的流体通过时可自动伸长,并且当液体的压力停止时自动缩回。
本发明还涉及一种用于制造这种挠性可伸缩软管的方法和生产线。
定义
如本文所用,“纺织增强层”或其衍生物是指由设置在支撑它的层上的至少一种纺织纱线构成的层。“纺织增强层”设置在支撑层上,以便留下大致正方形、矩形或菱形的自由部分。
如本文所用,“纺织纱线”或其衍生物包括任何形状并由任何材料制成的细长线状构件,只要长度的大小明显优于另一种。例如,纺织纱线可以是聚合物纱线,其可以具有整体结构,或可由几个基本线联合组成或由具有矩形截面的纺织带组成。
如本文所用,“螺旋纺织层”或“螺旋”或其衍生物是指由在支撑层上以预定螺距螺旋卷绕的单纱组成的层,或由在支撑层上螺旋卷绕的多组纱线组成的层,其中多组纱线彼此不重叠。
如本文所用,“纺织编织层”或“编织”或其衍生物是指支撑层上螺旋卷绕的至少两根纱线或多组纱线组成的层,至少两根纱线或多组纱线具有相反的倾斜度并重叠但彼此不连接。因此,编织由两个或更多重叠的螺旋组成。
如本文所用,“纺织针织层”或“针织”或其衍生物是指由铺设在支撑层上的至少两根纱线或多组纱线组成的层,至少两根纱线或多组纱线彼此连接以形成多个链状针织,其也被称为“特里科经”型链针织。
如本文所用,“纺织机织层”或“机织”或其衍生物是指由铺设在支撑层上的至少两根纱线或多组纱线组成的层,至少两根纱线或多组纱线具有相反倾斜度并交替地彼此连接以形成织物。在机织中,一根纱线与另一根纱线上下上下地交织在一起。根据倾斜度,机织也称为织物。
如本文所用,“纺织打结层”或“打结”或其衍生物是指由铺设在支撑层上的至少两根纱线或多组纱线组成的层,至少两根纱线或多组纱线具有相反倾斜度并且通过一个或更多的结彼此互连。在打结时,由于结所施加的约束,一纱线不能相对于另一纱线滑动。
如本文所用,“相容材料”或其衍生物材料是指彼此具有化学和/或物理相容性的材料,即,一旦耦合,通过表面接触,该材料引起适于支持拉伸或剪应力转移的接合。因此,相同的材料或具有相同基底的基质的材料具有最大的相容性。
如本文所用,聚合物或其衍生物的“基质”是指能够提供成品的分子结构的聚合物材料。
如本文所用,“提供”或其衍生物是指对相关元件以至于相关方法步骤的准备,因此包括适于最佳地利用相关方法步骤的任何预防性处理行为,从简单的撤回和可能的储存以至于预热和/或化学和/或物理处理等。
如本文所用,“膜”或其衍生物是指厚度小于0.5mm的聚合物材料层。
背景技术
已知用于输送液体,例如灌溉水,的可伸缩挠性软管可在其内部的流体通过时自动伸长,并且当液体的压力停止时自动缩回。
输送液体的工作压力引起相对于其原始长度伸长,并且原始直径或多或少明显增加,因此相对于其不使用时的长度,使得挠性软管可以更远的距离运输液体。
以实质已知的方式,自动伸长是由于软管内部或与软管相连的限制件造成,例如连接器或挤压器或灌溉喷枪内部的限制件。
限制件产生压降,使得限制件上游压力作用在管内,从而使其伸长并扩大。
例如,从US2003/098084已知一种具有内层、外层和集成在其间的线圈的灌溉软管。在输送液体的压力下,螺旋自动延伸,允许管伸长。一旦液体压力停止,螺旋自动缩回,允许管恢复其原始长度。
显然,由于线圈的存在,该软管难以制造。此外,使用起来麻烦而且不切实际。例如,在软管卷轴上卷起软管是困难的,甚至是不可能的。
这种软管的另一个缺点是爆破压力相对较低。事实上,对爆破的抵抗力只由内部和外部聚合物层赋予。
从文献EP2520840已知另一种由内部弹性管和刚性外部织物组成的可伸长的灌溉软管。在输送液体的压力下,内管伸长并且直径扩大到由外部织物确定的最大长度和最大直径。当液体压力停止时,内管缩回,并且外部织物在内管上呈凹凸的方式。
这种软管的一个明显的缺陷是制造困难而且昂贵。事实上,对于每个软管,需要分别生产内管和外部织物,然后将第一个插入后者,然后通过端部接头将管和织物相互连接。
这些操作非常难以连续的方式进行,并且实际上不可能在生产线上进行,也就是通过单个自动生产线进行。事实上,为了制造这样的软管,需要使用人工操作。
此外,织物的存在使得软管体积大而且不方便使用和储存。例如,该软管非常难于存储在传统的软管卷轴上,因为织物占据相对较大的空间,远大于内管的实际体积。
而且,爆破压力极低,因为实际上仅由内管决定。
另外,在内管破损的情况下,这样的软管不可能修复,必须用新的软管代替。
由于相同的原因,不可能定制管的长度,例如从单个更长的软管获得两个软管。
这种已知软管的另一个已知缺点是必须包括端部接头,因为外部织物和内部管是彼此独立的元件。因此,在原装接头发生破损或轻微损坏的情况下,必须更换新的软管。
这进一步限制了用户定制软管的自由度,因为原装接头不能更换。
此外,外部织物易于变脏,使得这种软管的使用非常麻烦而且困难。事实上,当在湿地上拖时,纺织织物容易收集泥土和/或污垢并变得沉重。而且,一旦硬化的污泥牢固地粘附到织物上,从而增加了这种已知软管的使用和储存的难度。
属于本发明的现有技术的其他文献是:US3028290、EP2778491、US4009734、WO2011/161576、WO00/77433、WO97/37829、GB740458、GB1481227、US2003/062114、WO2015/177664、US2014/130930、US2013/087205、FR2784447和WO2013/105853。
发明内容
本发明的目的是通过提供一种效率显著和相对便宜的可伸缩挠性软管,至少部分地克服上述缺陷。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种可以以简单而快速的方式制造的可伸缩挠性软管。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种可由生产线自动生产的可伸缩挠性软管。本
发明的另一个目的是提供一种易于使用的可伸缩挠性软管。本发明的另一个目的是提供一种可伸缩挠性软管,其易于清除由于在湿土上拖动而残留的污垢和/或泥浆。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种具有较高爆破压力的可伸缩挠性软管。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种具有最小体积的可伸缩挠性软管。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种存储简单实用的可伸缩挠性软管。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种可伸缩挠性软管,在破损的情况下可被修复。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种长度可定制的可伸缩挠性软管。
在此描述、示出和/或要求保护的这个和其他目的通过用于输送液体的挠性软管,特别是用于运输水的灌溉软管或花园软管,以及通过其制造方法和生产线实现。
软管具有非波纹状,非螺旋的管状结构,典型的灌溉软管或花园软管。聚合物层可以是管状的。
波纹软管的例子从文献US3028290已知,而螺旋软管的例子从US4009734已知。
挠性软管可以包括至少一个第一聚合物弹性材料的内层,至少一个第二聚合物弹性材料的外层和介于其间的至少一个纺织增强层。
所述至少一个内层和至少一个外层可以连接在一起以形成整体管状构件,集成,即嵌入,至少一个纺织层。
为此,至少一个外层和至少一个内层可在未被至少一个纺织增强层覆盖的至少一个内层的外表面区域相互结合。换句话说,至少一个外层和至少一个内层可以相互结合,除了在至少一个纺织层的纺织纱线所占据的区域。
适当地,整体管状构件可具有弹性,以便在受其中流动的工作流体施加的压力下自动伸长并扩大,以增加其原始长度,并且一旦工作压力停止自动缩回,返回到原始长度和直径。
伸长是显而易见并可察觉的,而扩大不太明显,且看不见。
为此,应适当地选择形成整体管状构件的第一和第二聚合物弹性材料。
第一和第二聚合物材料可以是弹性体或热塑性弹性体(TPE)。
合适的TPE可以是TPE-S,例如PP/SEBS或PP/EPDM,或TPE-O,例如乙烯-辛烯共聚物。
合适的弹性体可以是天然橡胶或胶乳。
适当地,整体管状构件可以具有根据ASTM D2240(3”)测量的30Sha至50ShA的肖氏A硬度。
至少一个纺织层的纺织纱线可以是聚酯、尼龙6,6、聚乙烯醇、对位芳族聚酰胺纤维、间位芳族聚酰胺纤维、人造丝
有利地,至少一个纺织层的纺织纱线可以具有根据BISFA(第7章)测量的断裂伸长率小于30%,优选小于25%。
有利地,至少一个纺织层的纺织纱线可以具有根据BISFA(第7章)测量的韧性至少50cN/特克斯(tex)。
以实质已知的方式,如由文献EP2520840和/或EP2778491所教导的,插入软管中或与之相连的一个或多个限制件或限流器促使自动伸长和扩大,这些技术在此被引述作为适当参考。适当地,软管的一个端部可以连接到用于供应待运输液体的装置,例如水龙头。
众所周知,如果受压,挠性软管中的纺织增强层可轴向延伸并且径向扩大,这取决于不同的类型。
有利地,本发明的可伸缩软管的至少一个纺织增强层可在停用构型和工作构型之间移动,即当液体不流过整体管状构件时,具有停用构型,当整体管状构件由流过其中的液体的工作压力驱动时,具有工作构型。
在工作构型中,至少一个纺织增强层轴向延伸并径向膨胀,伴随整体管状构件伸长并扩大。
根据纺织增强层的纱线是弹性的还是刚性的,这种伸长和扩大或多或少是显着的。
然而,纺织增强层的纱线可以优选是刚性的,以便在其伸长时有效地作用在整体管状构件上。
优选地,至少一个纺织增强层和整体管状构件可以相互配置,使得前者在其伸长和扩大时阻拦后者,以便确定最大长度和直径。
换句话说,对于给定的内部软管压力,至少一个纺织增强层的最大轴向伸长量和径向扩大低于整体管状构件的最大轴向伸长量和径向扩大,使得至少一个纺织增强层的最大轴向伸长量和径向扩大确定整个软管的轴向最大伸长量和径向扩大。
合适地,一旦软管内的压力停止,整体管状构件自动缩回允许至少一个纺织增强层返回到停用构型。
整体管状构件的这种自动缩回只能通过其弹性来实现,而没有任何其他帮助。尤其,本发明的软管可以没有螺旋弹簧或类似的自动缩回装置。
由于上述一个或多个特征,可以获得易于使用并且具有实用性的挠性可伸缩软管。
根据本发明的挠性软管允许将可伸缩软管的所有优点与“传统”挠性软管的所有优点相结合,而没有现有技术的伸缩软管的所有缺点。
事实上,根据本发明的挠性软管具有相当高的爆破压力,与“传统”挠性软管绝对相当。
事实上,至少一个纺织增强层确保了高爆破压力,因此确保软管更耐用。
此外,由于至少一个外层是聚合物材料,挠性软管容易清洁由于在湿土上拖曳而残留的任何污垢和/或泥浆。
此外,根据本发明的挠性软管的整体体积是最小的。这样可以将其存储在非常小的空间中。而且,它也可以容易地存储在传统的软管卷轴上。
此外,在破损或损坏的情况下,根据本发明的挠性软管可以恢复为“传统”软管。如果有的话,例如在破裂的情况下,也可以使用市售的挠性软管的传统接头来替换原始接头。
然而,应理解,在本发明的软管中,用于连接端部的接头或任何元件不需要将各个层彼此连接。事实上,在本发明的软管中,所有元件都是一体的,特别是至少一个纺织增强层集成在整体管状构件上。
还可以将本发明的软管切割成任何尺寸,同时保持整个结构的特征。这使得按米定制的商业化产品成为可能。
如上所述,内部压力对软管的作用不仅可以使其轴向伸长,还可以径向扩大。
在这种情况下,当至少一个纺织增强层处于停用构型时,整体管状构件具有其原始直径,并且当至少一个纺织增强层处于工作构型时,该整体管状构件具有扩大的直径。
优选地,根据本发明的挠性软管可以包括至少一个第一纺织层和至少一个彼此重叠但不必相互接触的第二纺织层。
至少一个第一纺织层和整体管状构件可以相互配置,使得前者在其伸长时阻拦后者,以便确定最大长度,而至少一个第二纺织层和整体管状构件可以相互配置,使得前者在其扩大时阻拦后者,以便确定最大直径。
软管可以通过一种方法制造,该方法依次包括以下步骤:a)提供上述至少一个内层;b)在上述至少一个内层上制造上述至少一个纺织增强层以获得半成品;以及c)将上述至少一个外层挤出在上述半成品上。
方便地,挤出至少一个外层的步骤c)可以包括把外层和至少一个内层结合的步骤,形成整体管状构件,使得至少一个纺织层嵌入其中。
有利地,第一和第二聚合物弹性材料可以彼此相容,使得至少一个内层和至少一个外层之间的结合在至少一个外层的挤出步骤c)时进行。
优选地,制备上述至少一个纺织增强层的步骤b)和挤出上述至少一个外层的步骤c)可在至少一个内层相对于其原始长度伸长时进行。
在本发明的优选实施例中,至少一个内层的伸长步骤可通过拉伸相同的,优选由两个或更多对按压软管的彼此面向的旋转辊进行。
第一对辊可以在制造至少一个纺织增强层的步骤b)之前按压软管,而第二对辊可以在至少一个外层的挤出步骤c)之后按压软管。有利地,第二对辊可以比第一对辊旋转得更快。
为了允许在被上述辊按压之后内层更容易分离,所述至少一个内层内部可包括分离膜。
由于上述特征中的一个或多个,上述可伸缩软管可以以简单而快速的方式制造。
事实上,无需人工操作员的帮助,可利用生产线自动生产可伸缩软管。
在从属权利要求中描述了本发明有利的实施例。
附图说明
通过阅读可伸缩挠性软管1及其生产线100优选的非排他实施例的详细描述,本发明进一步的特征和优点将是显而易见的,在附图的帮助下将本发明描述为非限制的示例,其中:
图1至3为使用中的软管1的实施例的示意图;
图4是停用的软管1的实施例的示意性侧视图;
图5是图4的软管1在压力下的实施例的示意性侧视图;
图6是生产线100的实施例的示意性侧视图;
图7是图4的软管1的实施例的径向剖视图;
图8和图9示出机织纺织增强层的两个示例;
图10示出了打结的纺织增强层的示例。
具体实施方式
参照上述附图,可伸缩软管1有利地用于运输液体。特别地,挠性软管1
可以是用于运输水的灌溉软管或花园软管。
特别如图4、5和7所示,可伸缩软管1可包括内聚合物层10和外聚合物层20。
在内层10内部,可提供分离膜11,其可与要运输的液体接触,其功能将在后面明确描述。
可伸缩挠性软管1可进一步包括相互重叠的具有特里科经编链结的第一内针织纺织层30,以及第二编织纺织层40。第二编织纺织层40的螺旋间距可相对较短,例如1mm至3mm。
可伸缩挠性软管1还可以包括插入在纺织增强层30和40之间的一个中间聚合物层15,用于分离它们。
应当理解,尽管在下文中描述了具有上述结构的挠性软管1,但是,根据所附权利要求的限定,根据本发明的软管可包括至少三层。
例如,可提供单个纺织增强层,或者在上述层的内部或外部提供一个或多个额外的聚合物层。
还应当理解,虽然下文中描述了具有上述结构的挠性软管1,但是,根据所附权利要求的限定,所描述的技术特征可应用于包括至少三层的软管。
还应当理解,尽管以下介绍用于输送水的花园软管,但是,根据所附权利要求的限定,可伸缩挠性软管1可以具有任何目的并且可以运输任何液体。
在优选但不排他的实施例中,内层10、中间层15和外层20可由具有基于聚丙烯(PP)基质的苯乙烯基热塑性弹性体(TPE-S)制成,例如SH(Taro塑料有限公司),其具有根据ASTM D2240(3”)测量的肖氏A硬度为40。这种材料具有根据ASTM D412/C测量的约6.5MPa的抗拉强度和根据ASTM D412/C测量的约880%的断裂延伸率。
指示性地,内层10可具有1.5mm至2.5mm的厚度,优选为1.6mm-2mm。另一方面,膜11可具有0.05mm至0.4mm的厚度,优选为0.1mm-0.3mm。
优选地,分离膜11也可由上述相同的材料制成,其中可加入少量的润滑剂释放添加剂。
例如,该材料可以加入总重量约1%的(CRODA聚合物添加剂),它呈一种移动剂,其目的是减少材料本身的摩擦和阻塞。
在优选但不排他的实施例中,纺织增强层30和40可由基于聚酯(PET)的纱线制成,例如具有550分特(dtex)纤度的Brilen(Brilen技术公司)。这种纱线具有根据BISFA(第7章)测量的极限抗拉强度42.7+/-4.2N,根据BISFA(第7章)测量的断裂延伸率为12.5+/-2.5%和根据BISFA(第7章)测量的韧性为75.5+/-7cN特克斯(tex)。
第一纺织增强层30可以设置在内层10的外表面12上,从而留下多个开放区域13,这些区域直接面向中间层15的内表面16的对应部分。
另一方面,第二纺织增强层40可设置在中间层15的外表面12′上,从而留下多个开放区域13′,这些区域直接面对外层20的内表面21的相应部分。
适当地,内层10、中间层15和外层20可以在未覆盖区域13、13′之处相互结合。
内层10、中间层15和外层20之间的结合可通过使用彼此相容的材料或通过介于它们之间的粘合剂材料层来实现。
为了实现这种耦合,内层10、中间层15和外层20形成整体管状构件50,其中增强纺织层30和40可集成或嵌入整体管状构件50。
对于软管的所有聚合物层可选择相同的材料使得整体管状构件50的机械性能相同,并确保材料之间的最大相容性。
特别如图1-3所示,在软管1的端部51、52处,可提供适当的相互结合的元件。
例如,可提供各自的耦合器60、61。
在优选但不排他的实施例中,耦合器60可以是例如阴耦合器,并且可适于将软管1连接到使用点,例如水龙头R。另一方面,耦合器61可以是阳耦合器,并且可以适于将软管1连接到一个或多个喷洒器附件D,例如喷枪或喷洒器。
在另一个实施例中,软管1的端部52可以固定地联接到喷洒器附件D,例如喷枪或喷洒器。在这种情况下,软管1不包括耦合器61,并且不能联接到更多的喷洒器附件。在另一端51处,耦合器60可以设置成将软管1连接到使用点,例如水龙头R。
由于上述特征,可伸缩软管1受内部流动的水所施加的工作压力可自动扩大,从而增加其原始长度和直径。
为此,以实质已知的方式,可提供至少一个限制件在软管内部或与其连接。
在优选但不排他的实施例中,以实质已知的方式,至少一个限制件可以由位于耦合器61内部的限流器限定。
另一方面,软管1内部可包括一个或多个限制件,例如加厚部分等。
喷洒器附件D例如喷枪或喷洒器中也可提供至少一个限制件。
至少一个限制件可产生压降,使得其上游压力作用于软管1内部,从而沿着轴线X轴向地伸长软管1,并且垂直于同一轴线X径向地扩大软管1。
在实践中,一旦将软管1连接到使用点,例如连接到水龙头R上,则在打开水龙头时,通过软管1的水促使软管1轴向伸长和径向扩大,如图2和3所示。
换句话说,水流促使软管1的通道从没有水通过时的原始长度和直径(图1)变为工作长度和直径(图3)。
从原始直径和长度到工作直径和长度的过渡逐渐发生,通过中间阶段,如图2所示,其中软管在水压的推力下开始扩大并伸长。
相比之下,在水龙头R关闭时,软管1自动缩回,从而恢复到原始长度和直径。
为了实现上述目的,整体管状构件50和纺织层30、40可相互配合。
更准确地说,整体管状构件50可具有弹性,例如在受到由水施加的工作压力下自动伸长并且一旦工作压力停止就自动缩回。
此外,由于其弹性,在工作压力下,整体管状构件50可径向扩大以增加其原始直径,然后一旦工作压力停止就自动缩回。
另一方面,整体管状构件50的伸长和扩大促进了纺织增强层30、40的通道从没有水通过软管的停用构型,如图4所示,到工作压力下的工作构型,如图5所示。
相反,当工作压力停止时,整体管状构件50自动缩回,使纺织增强层30、40返回其停用构型。
在工作压力下,除了软管的长度和直径增加外,还会发生其整体厚度变薄。利用上述构造和材料,压力下的壁厚减少约一半。
适当地,第一纺织增强层30可构造成在其伸长时阻拦整体管状构件50,以便确定最大长度。
类似地,第二纺织层40可构造成在其扩大或径向膨胀时阻拦整体管状构件50,以便确定最大直径。
为此,可以适当地选择纺织增强层30、40的纱线和整体管状构件50的材料,例如如上所述。
适当地,第二纺织增强层40可设置在第一纺织增强层30外部。
事实上,由于其构造,第一纺织增强层30倾向于限制轴向伸长,而非径向方向。相比之下,第二纺织增强层40倾向于限制径向扩大,而非轴向方向。两个纺织增强层30、40的配合允许在轴向和径向上阻拦软管扩大,从而确定最大长度和直径。
作为针织构造的替代,第一纺织增强层30可以是机织或打结。图8和图9示出了纺织增强机织层的两个示例,纱线的数量和构型和方向彼此不同。图10示出了纺织增强打结层的示例。
另一方面,第二纺织增强层40可由一个或多个螺旋构成,换句话说,由单个螺旋或编织构成。
适当地,整体管状构件50和纺织增强层30、40可以彼此配合,使得在2巴的工作压力下,挠性软管1相对于其原始长度可增加至少1.5倍长度,优选相对于其原始长度至少2倍,更优选相对于其原始长度至少2.5倍。
例如,使用具有上述结构并由上述材料制成的软管,其停用时内径为9mm,停用时外径为14mm,重量为80g/mt,下表1提供在不同的内部工作压力下的伸长率。
表1
工作压力(巴) | 压力下长度:原始长度 |
2 | 2 |
3 | 2.2 |
4 | 2.4 |
5 | 2.4 |
6 | 2.5 |
对于这种软管,相对于停用的直径,在3巴的工作压力下径向扩大为0.8mm,而在5巴的工作压力下为1mm。
应当理解,这些数据可根据软管的不同材料和/或特征而变化,例如内部或外部直径或其重量/mt。
有利地,在5巴的工作压力下,本发明的软管内径的径向扩大相对于停用时的内径值小于20%,优选地相对于停用时的内径值小于15%。
在优选但不排他的实施例中,外层20可以是每米重量是整体管状构件50总重量的3%至10%的保护膜,例如整体管状构件50总重量的5%。
优选地,膜20可以根据申请PCT/IB2014/067091的教导制成,在此引述作为适当参考。
指示性地膜20可具有0.05mm至0.4mm的厚度优选为0.1mm-0.3mm。
该膜20的目的是保护下层,特别是纺织层,并赋予软管的外观。其抵抗外部因素和抵抗软管在地面上的滑动也很重要。事实上,其使得软管在泥泞的地面或在花园里使用时最大限度地减少了软管的污垢。
类似地,中间层15也可以是具有与外膜20相同特征的膜。
可伸缩挠性软管1可通过连续工作的生产线100制造。
生产线100可以以内层10进料,例如内层10可在生产线100的入口101处通过第一挤出机110挤出。
以实质已知的方式,挤出机110可以共挤出内层10和分离膜11,然后可以穿过第一对彼此面向的旋转辊120,以按压软管。
随后,内层10和分离膜11可穿过用于制造纺织增强层30的第一工位130,以获得第一半成品25。
有利地,工位130可包括实质已知类型的针织机131,以制造具有例如平纹类型的经编型30的针织的第一纺织针织层。
随后,第一半成品25可穿过第二对彼此面向的旋转辊121,以按压软管。
有利地,辊121可比辊120旋转得更快。有利地,第一上游辊120和第二下游辊121的速度之比可以为1∶2至1∶5,更优选为1∶3至1∶5。
以这种方式,两对辊120、121连续地拉长带内膜11的内层10,使得纺织增强层30制成在细长的内层10上。
随后,半成品25可穿过第二挤出机135,第二挤出机135挤出构成上述中间层15的膜。有利地,根据申请PCT/IB2014/067091的教导,挤出工位135的挤出头136可通过真空泵137设置在真空下,例如在250-400mmHg的压力下。
在第二挤出机135的出口处的第二半成品25′穿过按压软管的第三对彼此面向的旋转辊122。有利地,辊122可以以辊121大致相同的速度旋转,或略高一些。
以这种方式,膜15在拉长的工作构型中挤压在纺织增强层30上。
随后,辊122出口处的第二半成品25′穿过按压软管的第四对彼此面向的旋转辊123。有利地,辊123比辊122旋转得更慢。
有利地,第四上游辊123和第三下游辊122的速度之比可以为2∶1至5∶1,更优选为3∶1至5∶1。
以这种方式,半成品25′返回到停用构型,其中层10、11和15具有原始长度,并且纺织增强针织层30处于停用构型。
在停用构型中的半成品25′可被供给到第二工位140,以在其上形成纺织增强层40。
有利地工位140可包括一对螺旋机器141、142,以制造相应的一对螺旋,一个沿顺时针方向,而另一个沿相反方向。该组两个螺旋构成纺织增强层40。
然后可将工位140的出口处的第三半成品25”进料到第三挤出机150,该第三挤出机150可制成膜20。类似于对于第二挤出机135所描述的那样,根据申请PCT/IB2014/067091的教导,挤出头151可以通过真空泵152设置在真空下,例如在250-400mmHg的压力下。
在挤出时,内层10、中间膜15和外膜20在未覆盖区域13、13′相对应地彼此粘合以形成整体管状构件50。以这种方式,纺织增强层30、40保持嵌入其中。
由于中间膜15和外膜20是根据申请PCT/IB2014/067091的教导制成的,所以相同的中间膜15和外膜20具有均匀的厚度并且牢固地粘附到下层,如图7所示。
这最大限度地减少了材料浪费,并为软管1提供了最佳的美学效果。
然后这样产生的软管1可穿过按压软管的第五对彼此面向的旋转辊124。
有利地,辊124可以以辊123大致相同的速度旋转,或略高一些。
以这种方式,第二纺织层40和膜20制成在停用构型的半成品25′和25”上。
分离膜11允许在通过辊120、121、122、123和124被按压后分离软管1的内壁。
在优选但不排他的实施例中,第二纺织层40和膜20也可以在拉长构型的半成品25′上制成。为此,工位140和挤出机150下游的辊比其上游的辊旋转得更快,优选以上述比例旋转。
在这种情况下,拉长的半成品25′的内径可优选通过足够压力下的吹气使其符合停用时软管的内径。
为此,在生产线100的出口102处,可提供实质已知类型的合适的装置,用于吹气。
有利地,辊120、121、122、123和124可以相互配置,使得在出口102处吹出的气在软管中返回至辊121之间的软管。
应当理解,在生产线100中代替辊120、121、122、123和124可以使用任何旋转输送装置,而不偏离所附权利要求的范围。
以上描述清楚表明本发明实现了其目的。
本发明可以有许多修改和变化,其全部落入所附权利要求所表达的发明构思的范围内。在不偏离本发明的范围的情况下,所有细节可以替换为其他技术上等效的元件,并且材料可以根据实际需要有所不同。
虽然本发明特别参考附图进行描述,但是在说明书和权利要求书中的附图标记用于帮助理解本发明的,并不对权利要求的保护范围构成限制。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于输送液体的可伸缩挠性软管,包括:
-至少一个由第一弹性聚合物材料制成的内层(10);
-至少一个由第二弹性聚合物材料制成的外层(20);
-至少一个介于所述至少一个内层(10)和至少一个外层(20)之间的纺织增强层(30、40);
其特征在于,所述软管具有非波纹状,非螺旋的管状结构;所述至少一个内层(10)和至少一个外层(20)相互结合以形成整体管状构件(50),所述至少一个纺织增强层(30、40)嵌入整体管状构件(50) 中;
所述整体管状构件(50)具有弹性,以便在流过其中的液体施加的工作压力下自动伸长并扩大,以增加其原始长度和直径,并且一旦工作压力停止,其自动恢复以重新呈现所述原始长度和直径;
所述至少一个纺织增强层(30、40)可在没有液体流过所述整体管状构件(50)的停用构型和所述整体管状构件(50)在工作压力下延长并扩大的工作构型之间移动;
所述至少一个纺织增强层(30、40)包括至少一个第一纺织增强层(30)和至少一个第二纺织增强层(40),所述至少一个第一纺织增强层(30)和所述整体管状构件(50)相互配置,使得至少一个第一纺织增强层(30)在其伸长时阻拦所述整体管状构件(50),以便限定最大长度,所述至少一个第二纺织增强层(40)和所述整体管状构件(50)相互配置,使得所述至少一个第二纺织增强层(40)在其扩大时阻拦所述整体管状构件(50),以便限定最大直径;
所述第一和所述第二弹性聚合物材料是弹性体;所述整体管状构件(50)具有根据ASTMD2240(3”)测量的30ShA至50ShA的肖氏A硬度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的软管,其特征在于,所述整体管状构件(50)自动伸长并扩大促使所述至少一个纺织层(30、40)从所述停用构型向所述工作构型移动,所述整体管状构件(50)自动恢复促使所述至少一个纺织层(30、40)从所述工作构型向所述停用构型移动。
3.根据权利要求1所述的软管,其特征在于,所述至少一个纺织增强层(30、40)位于所述至少一个内层(10)的外表面(12)上,以便在其上留下多个未覆盖区域(13),所述至少一个外层(20)和至少一个内层(10)在所述未覆盖区域(13)相互结合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的软管,其特征在于,当所述至少一个纺织增强层(30、40)处于所述停用构型时,所述整体管状构件(50)具有原始直径和原始长度,当所述至少一个纺织增强层(30、40)处于所述工作构型时,所述整体管状构件(50)被扩大并伸长。
5.根据权利要求4所述的软管,其特征在于,所述第二纺织增强层(40)设置在所述第一纺织增强层(30)外部,所述至少一个第一纺织增强层(30)选自由针织、机织或打结组成的组,所述至少一个第二纺织增强层(40)是螺旋或编织。
6.根据权利要求1所述的软管,其特征在于,所述整体管状构件(50)和所述至少一个纺织增强层(30、40)彼此配合,使得在2巴的工作压力下,软管相对于其原始长度增加至少1.5倍长度。
7.根据权利要求1所述的软管,进一步包括至少一个限制件或至少一个限流器(61)在软管内产生工作压力促使软管伸长和扩大,所述至少一个限制件或至少一个限流器(61)在所述软管内部或与软管相连。
8.一种连续制造权利要求1所述的可伸缩挠性软管的方法,包括以下步骤:
a)提供至少一个由第一热塑性聚合弹性材料制成的内层(10);
b)相对于其原始长度延长所述至少一个内层(10);
c)在所述至少一个细长内层(10)上制造至少一个纺织增强层(30、40),以获得半成品软管(25);
d)在所述半成品软管(25)上挤出至少一个由第二聚合物热塑性弹性材料制成的外层(20);
其特征在于,挤压出所述至少一个外层(20)的所述步骤d)包括使所述至少一个外层(20)和所述至少一个内层(10)相互结合的步骤,以获得整体管状构件(50),使得所述至少一个纺织增强层(30、40)保持嵌入整体管状构件(50)中;
所述整体管状构件(50)具有弹性,以便在流过其中的液体施加的工作压力下自动伸长并扩大,以增加其原始长度和直径,并且一旦工作压力停止,自动恢复以重新呈现所述原始长度和直径;
所述至少一个纺织增强层(30、40)在没有液体流过所述整体管状构件(50)的停用构型和所述整体管状构件(50)在工作压力下延长并扩大的工作构型之间移动;
所述第一和所述第二弹性聚合物材料是弹性体或热塑性弹性体;所述整体管状构件(50)具有根据ASTM D2240(3”)测量的30ShA至50ShA的肖氏A硬度。
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US3028290A (en) * | 1959-02-10 | 1962-04-03 | Fred T Roberts | Method and apparatus for forming a reinforced corrugated hose |
US4009734A (en) * | 1976-02-26 | 1977-03-01 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Coiled tubing |
CN107107432A (zh) * | 2014-12-18 | 2017-08-29 | 菲特有限公司 | 可伸缩挠性软管及其连续制造方法及生产线 |
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