CN107072722B - 机器人控制手术组件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于选择性地连接到机器人臂的手术系统,其包括器械驱动单元、联接到器械驱动单元的器械支撑平台、联接到器械支撑平台的器械滑架、以及可释放地联接到器械滑架的手术器械。手术器械包括末端执行器,可以响应于器械驱动单元中的致动器的远程操作控制该末端执行器执行手术。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2014年9月15日提交的编号为62/050,443的美国临时专利申请的权益和优先权,其全部公开通过引用的方式并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及机器人技术,并且更具体地涉及用于执行内窥镜手术操作的机器人手术装置、组件和/或系统及其使用方法。
背景技术
在微创医疗操作中使用的机器人手术系统包括支撑机器人臂的控制台和具有末端执行器的手术器械,该末端执行器可包括例如手术钳、吻合器或抓紧工具。机器人臂为手术器械的操作和移动提供机械动力。每个机器人臂可以包括可操作地连接到手术器械的器械驱动单元。
在使用机器人系统之前或期间,选择手术器械并将其连接到每个机器人臂的器械驱动单元。为了完成正确的安装,手术器械的某些连接零件必须匹配地接合到器械驱动单元的相应的连接零件。一旦这些零件被配合地接合,则器械驱动单元可以驱动手术器械的致动。然而,将手术器械连接到并移除于器械驱动单元可能是困难的。此外,用于手术器械的致动功能的线缆在手术器械相对于器械驱动单元旋转时可能变得缠结。
发明内容
因此,需要可靠、精确并且能够容易且有效地使手术器械附接并移除的新的机器人装置、系统和方法。
本公开描述了机器人装置、系统和方法,其展示了满足性能要求并且考虑了与器械附接和移除相关联的可用性需要的实用方法。总体来说,本公开描述了机器人手术系统,其包括器械驱动单元、联接到器械驱动单元的器械支撑平台、联接到器械支撑平台的器械滑架、以及可释放地联接到器械滑架的手术器械。手术器械包括末端执行器,可控制末端执行器以响应于器械驱动单元中的致动器的远程操作而执行手术。
根据本公开的一个方面,提供了一种用于选择性地连接到机器人臂的手术系统。手术系统包括:器械驱动单元,其包括致动器;器械支撑平台,其可释放地联接到器械驱动单元;器械滑架,其联接到器械支撑平台的可旋转构件;以及手术器械,其可释放地联接到器械滑架。器械驱动单元的致动器可以通过远程操纵来控制。
在实施例中,器械驱动单元包括可由致动器中的一个致动器致动的齿轮。所述器械支撑平台和所述手术器械可以响应于所述齿轮的致动而同时围绕通过所述器械支撑平台限定的纵向轴线旋转。
器械支撑平台包括可操作地与器械驱动单元的致动器相关联的可旋转构件。每个可旋转构件响应于一个或多个致动器的致动而可旋转。
器械滑架包括可响应于一个或多个可旋转构件的旋转而平移的驱动构件。在实施例中,一个或多个可旋转构件的旋转将器械滑架的滑架主体线性地平移通过由器械支撑平台限定的一个或多个通道,以相对于器械支撑平台移动器械滑架。屏障可以覆盖一个或多个通道。在一些实施例中,多个间隔开的通道沿器械支撑平台纵向延伸。
在一些实施例中,一个或多个驱动构件旋转手术器械的第一从动构件,并且一个或多个驱动构件线性地平移手术器械的第二从动构件。响应于第一从动构件和第二从动构件中的相应一个从动构件的移动,第一从动构件和第二从动构件中的相应一个从动构件构造成实现末端执行器相对于器械支撑平台的运动和/或末端执行器的发射。一个或多个驱动构件可包括驱动齿轮,其构造成接合第一从动构件的从动齿轮。在一些实施例中,第一从动构件和第二从动构件中的一个或两个从动构件包括可操作地联接到末端执行器的线缆。在实施例中,第一从动构件和第二从动构件中的一个或两个从动构件包括可操作地联接到末端执行器的杆。
手术器械支撑从器械支撑平台向远侧延伸的末端执行器。末端执行器可响应于器械滑架的一个或多个驱动构件的平移而移动。
根据一个方面,机器人手术组件包括机器人臂,其包括臂座。机器人手术组件还包括紧固到臂座的器械驱动单元和多个致动器。机器人手术组件的器械支撑平台限定纵向轴线并且可释放地联接到器械驱动单元。机器人手术组件还包括联接到可旋转构件的器械滑架。
器械滑架包括围绕器械支撑平台的纵向轴线旋转的一个或多个旋转驱动构件以及沿器械支撑平台的纵向轴线线性平移的一个或多个线性驱动构件。一个或多个线性和旋转驱动构件能够响应于器械支撑平台的一个或多个可旋转构件的旋转而移动。
在实施例中,器械驱动单元和臂座包括彼此接合的齿轮,以使得器械驱动单元的端面围绕通过器械驱动单元限定的纵向轴线旋转。器械支撑平台可连接到器械驱动单元的所述端面,使得所述端面的旋转传递器械支撑平台上的旋转移动。
根据另一方面,提供了一种用于支撑具有末端执行器的手术器械的手术组件。该手术组件包括器械驱动单元、器械支撑平台和器械滑架。
器械支撑平台限定纵向轴线并且构造成可释放地联接到器械驱动单元。器械支撑平台包括多个可旋转构件。
器械滑架联接到可旋转构件并且包括绕着器械支撑平台的纵向轴线旋转的旋转驱动构件和沿器械支撑平台的纵向轴线线性地平移的线性驱动构件。旋转驱动构件被配置为响应于器械支撑平台的可旋转构件的第一可旋转构件的旋转运动而发射末端执行器。一个或多个线性驱动构件被配置为响应于器械支撑平台的可旋转构件的第二可旋转构件的旋转而相对于支撑平台移动末端执行器。
在实施例中,器械支撑平台的多个可旋转构件中的第三可旋转构件线性地平移器械滑架的滑架主体通过由器械支撑平台限定的一个或多个通道,以相对于器械支撑平台移动器械滑架。
在一些实施例中,多个可旋转构件中的至少第一可旋转构件独立于多个可旋转构件中的第二可旋转构件而旋转。
下面参照附图更详细地描述本公开的示例性实施例的其它细节和方面。
附图说明
附图被并入并构成本说明书的一部分且示出了本公开的实施例,并且与上面给出的公开的总体描述以及下面给出的实施例的详细描述一起用于解释本公开的原理,其中:
图1是根据本公开的手术系统的示意图;
图2是图1的手术系统的手术组件的立体图;
图3是图2的手术组件的立体图,其中各部分是分离的;
图4A是图2和图3中所示的手术组件的器械驱动单元的前立体图;
图4B是图4A中的器械驱动单元的主体示为虚影的放大立体图;
图5是图2和图3中所示的手术组件的器械支撑平台的放大立体图;
图6是图3中所示的指示的细节区域的放大立体图;
图7是图3中所示的指示的细节区域的放大立体图;
图8是图5中所示的器械支撑平台的侧立体图,其中各部分是分离的;
图9是图5中所示的器械支撑平台的沿线段9-9截取的放大横截面图;
图10是图5中所示的器械支撑平台的放大底部立体图;
图11是图5中所示的器械支撑平台的一部分的放大立体图;
图12是中图2和图3所示的手术组件的手术器械的一部分的放大立体图;
图13是图2和图3所示的手术组件的一部分的放大立体图,其中,以虚影示出连接至其上的机器人臂;以及
图14是图13中所示的手术组件的扭矩传感器的放大立体图。
具体实施方式
参考附图详细描述本公开的实施例,其中相同的附图标记在多个视图中的每一个中指示相同或相应的元件。如本文所使用的,术语“远侧”是指装置的远离用户的部分,而术语“近侧”是指装置的更靠近用户的那部分。
首先参考图1,手术系统(例如,机器人手术系统)通常示为手术系统1,并且通常包括:多个机器人臂2、3;控制装置4;以及与控制装置4联接的操作控制台5,操作控制台5包括显示装置6,该显示装置6特别设置为显示三维图像;和手动输入装置7、8,如本领域技术人员原则上已知的,通过该手动输入装置7、8,人(未示出)(例如手术医生)能够在第一操作模式下远程操作机器人臂2、3。
机器人臂2、3中的每一个机器人臂由通过接头连接的多个构件组成。系统1还包括连接到每个机器人臂2、3的远端的手术组件100。根据本文公开的数个实施例中的任意一个,支撑末端执行器230的手术器械200可附接到手术组件100,下面将更详细地描述。
机器人臂2、3可以由连接到控制装置4的电驱动器(未示出)驱动。控制装置4(例如,计算机)被设置成启动驱动器,特别是通过计算机程序的方式,使得机器人臂2、3、其手术组件100和/或手术器械200根据通过手动输入装置7、8定义的移动执行期望的移动。控制装置4也可以被设置为使得其调节机器人臂2、3和/或驱动器的移动。
手术系统1被配置为通过末端执行器用于躺在患者台12上的待以微创方式治疗的患者13。手术系统1还可以包括多于两个的机器人臂2、3,附加的机器人臂同样连接到控制装置4并且通过操作控制台5的方式可远程操作。一个或多个附加手术组件100和/或手术器械200可以也附接到附加的机械臂。
控制装置4可以控制多个电动机(电动机1…n),其中每个电动机被配置为驱动一根或多根线缆(例如联接到手术器械200的末端执行器230的线缆216(见图12))的推动或拉动。在使用中,当这些线缆被推动和/或拉动时,一根或多根线缆实现手术器械200的末端执行器230的操作和/或移动。可以设想,控制装置4对各种电动机(电动机1…n)的启动进行协调,以对一根或多根线缆216的推动或拉动运动进行协调,从而对一个或多个末端执行器230的操作和/或移动进行协调。在实施例中,每个电动机可被配置成致动驱动杆或杠杆臂,以实现末端执行器230的操作和/或移动,作为一根或多根线缆的补充或替代。
控制装置4可以包括适于根据一组指令执行计算和/或操作的任何合适的逻辑控制电路。控制装置4可以被配置为经由无线(例如,Wi-Fi、蓝牙、LTE等)和/或有线连接与远程系统“RS”通信。远程系统“RS”可以包括与工作站1的各种组件、算法和/或操作相关的数据、指令和/或信息。远程系统“RS”可以包括任何合适的电子服务、数据库、平台、云“C”(参见图1)等。控制装置4可以包括可操作地连接到存储器的中央处理单元。存储器可以包括暂态存储器(例如,RAM)和/或非暂态存储器(例如,闪存介质、磁盘介质等)。在一些实施例中,存储器是远程系统“RS”的一部分,和/或可操作地联接到远程系统“RS”。
控制装置4可以包括多个输入端和输出端,用于例如通过驱动器电路与工作站1的部件连接。控制装置4可以被配置为接收输入信号和/或生成输出信号以控制工作站1的各种部件(例如,一个或多个电动机)中的一个或多个部件。输出信号可以包括、和/或可以基于可由用户预编程和/或输入的算法指令。控制装置4可以被配置为从可以联接到远程系统“RS”的用户接口(例如,操作控制台5的开关、按钮、触摸屏等)接受多个用户输入。
数据库14可以直接和/或间接地联接到控制装置4。数据库14可以被配置为存储来自生物和/或解剖图谱的预操作数据。数据库14可以包括存储器,其可以是远程系统“RS”的一部分、和/或可操作地联接到远程系统“RS”。
可以参考2011年11月3日提交的名称为“医疗工作站”的编号为2012/0116416的美国专利公开,其全部内容通过引用的方式并入本文,用于详细讨论手术系统1的结构和操作。
现在转到图2和图3,手术组件100包括器械驱动单元110和可释放地联接到器械驱动单元110的器械支撑平台120。手术器械200可释放地联接到器械支撑平台120。如下面更详细描述的,手术器械200可相对于器械支撑平台120轴向/纵向移动,如箭头“L1”所示,和/或可相对于机器人臂(如机器人臂2)旋转,如箭头“L2”和“L3”所示(和/或相对于延伸穿过手术组件100的一对横向轴线“A1”、“A2”中的每一横向轴线可旋转)。
如上所述,机器人臂2支撑器械支撑平台120和器械驱动单元110。支撑在机器人臂2的远端上的臂座2a可包括与器械驱动单元110接合的环形齿轮2b。环形齿轮2b固定到臂座2a。在一些实施例中,环形齿轮2b可操作地联接到电动机(未示出)而使环形齿轮2b相对于臂座2a旋转,用于将围绕由臂座2a限定的轴线“A1”的旋转运动传递到器械驱动单元110或其部分,轴线“A1”沿中心延伸通过由臂座2a限定的开口2c,并且延伸穿过器械支撑平台120。
参照图4A,器械驱动单元110包括主体112,该主体112具有第一壳体部分112a和从第一壳体部分112a向远侧延伸并且可旋转地联接到其上的第二壳体部分112b,以使得第二壳体部分112b能够相对于第一壳体部分112a旋转,如箭头“L4”所示。在实施例中,第一壳体部分和第二壳体部分112a、112b彼此固定地紧固,使得第一壳体部分和第二壳体部分112a、112b布置成一起旋转。第二壳体部分112b包括从其向远侧延伸到端面的连接表面112c。连接表面112c可与器械支撑平台120的近端接合。第二壳体部分112b包括限定穿过其中的齿轮孔口112e的侧壁112d。连接表面112c限定了穿过其中的多个驱动构件孔口112f。
如图4B中所示,主体112支撑多个致动器或电动机114和多个传动轴116。多个电动机114中的每一个电动机包括从相应电动机114向远端延伸并且可相对于相应电动机114旋转的头部114a。每个头部114a包括驱动齿轮114b和/或驱动滑轮114c。这些头部114a中的一个或多个头部可以以任何合适的布置从电动机114延伸。例如,一个或多个头部114a可以相对于通过器械驱动单元110限定的纵向轴线“A3”相对于彼此纵向对准和/或偏移。驱动齿轮114b的齿设置在齿轮孔口112e中,用于与臂座2a的环形齿轮2b(图3)的齿啮合。驱动齿轮114b可以是任何合适的齿轮,例如正齿轮。每个传动轴116包括从动滑轮116a和支撑在相应传动轴116的远端上的驱动头部116b。一个或多个驱动滑轮116a可以关于纵向轴线“A3”相对于彼此纵向对齐和/或偏移,使得传动轴116的驱动滑轮116a与头部114a的相应驱动滑轮114c对准。主体112还支撑多个驱动带118。每个驱动带118将头部114a的多个驱动滑轮114c中的一个驱动滑轮联接到传动轴116的多个从动滑轮116a中的一个从动滑轮,以将旋转力从各个电动机114传递到相应的传动轴116。
现在转到图5至图11,器械支撑平台120在近端120a和远端120b之间纵向延伸,并且在其中限定了一对通道120c、120d(见图8)。通道120c、120d是间隔开的并且沿着器械支撑平台120纵向延伸。近端120a联接到器械驱动单元110的连接表面112c,而远端120b支撑器械座122,该器械座122限定穿过其中的器械孔122a,用于容纳穿过其中的手术器械200的轴220(图12)。
器械支撑平台120支撑多个可旋转构件130(例如,传动轴)、覆盖一对通道120c、120d的无菌屏障140和器械滑架150。多个可旋转构件130可操作地联接到器械滑架150并且包括第一可旋转构件132、一对下部可旋转构件134a、134b和一对上部可旋转构件136a、136b。在一些实施例中,多个可旋转构件中的一个或多个可旋转构件可以与器械滑架150或其部分螺纹接合。每个可旋转构件130包括从动近端130a,其被键接以接合器械驱动单元110的多个传动轴116中的一个传动轴的相应驱动头部116b。
器械滑架150支撑在器械支撑平台120的一对通道120c、120d中,并且包括滑架主体150a、支撑在滑架主体150a上的滑架罩150b、和定位成覆盖滑架主体150a和滑架罩150b的滑架盖150c(参照图8)。滑架主体150a螺纹连接到多个可旋转构件130中的一个可旋转构件,用于沿其如箭头“L5”(见图11)所示线性地平移器械滑架150。器械滑架150还包括多个线性驱动构件152,每个线性驱动构件152螺纹连接到多个可旋转驱动构件130中的一个可旋转驱动构件,用于沿其线性地平移。滑架主体150a和多个线性驱动构件152中的每一个线性驱动构件包括阶梯状的构造。多个线性驱动构件152包括一对上部线性驱动构件152a和一对下部线性驱动构件152b,上部线性驱动构件152a和下部线性驱动构件152b响应于多个可旋转驱动构件130的相应的一个或多个可旋转驱动构件的旋转而各相对于彼此和/或滑架主体150a如箭头“L6”所示(参见图11)移动。可以预期的是,器械滑架150的一个或多个部件可以相对于器械滑架150的其它部件独立地移动。例如,滑架主体150a和/或多个驱动构件152中的一个或多个驱动构件可以相对于彼此独立地移动和/或彼此可同时移动。
多个线性驱动构件152中的每一个线性驱动构件支撑具有驱动凸块154a的接合横杠154。每个驱动凸块154a通过限定在罩150b中的多个狭槽150d中的一个狭槽以及滑架盖150c(参见图8)限定的多个狭槽150e中的一个狭槽而突出。
通过电动机座156支撑在滑架主体150a上的旋转驱动构件158包括电动机158a,电动机158a具有联接到其上的旋转驱动齿轮158b。旋转驱动齿轮158b的齿与次级旋转驱动齿轮158c的齿啮合(见图8和图11)。
参考图12,手术器械200限定纵向轴线“A4”并且包括壳体210和从壳体210向远侧延伸的轴220。壳体210限定多个狭槽210a并且支撑从动齿轮212a,该从动齿轮212a紧固到向远侧延伸的杆212b。壳体210还支撑多个线性从动构件214,其包括第一对线性从动构件214a和第二对线性从动构件214b。第一对线性从动构件和第二对线性从动构件214a、214b中的每一对线性从动构件被支撑在多个狭槽210a内并且联接到多个线性驱动构件152中的一个驱动凸块154a。从动齿轮212a的齿与器械滑架150的次级驱动齿轮158c啮合,用于将旋转力传递到轴220内的杆212b。杆212b可联接到支撑在末端执行器230中的传动轴(未示出),以将旋转力传递到末端执行器230,例如,发射支撑在末端执行器230中的手术吻合钉。例如,在2014年4月21日提交的名称为“带有用于将机电手术装置和手术装载单元互连的万向架的适配器组件以及其手术系统”的序列号为14/257,063的美国专利申请,其全部内容通过引用的方式并入本文,该美国专利申请描述了具有末端执行器的手术吻合装置,该末端执行器支撑可操作地联接到可旋转传动轴上的可向远侧推进的滑块以发射手术吻合钉。多根线缆216中的每一根线缆均具有联接到第一和第二对线性从动构件214a、214b中的一对线性从动构件的第一端和在轴220的远端处联接到末端执行器230的第二端。轴220被定尺寸为接收多根线缆216中的每一根线缆并且使得多根线缆216中的每一根线缆能够通过其线性地平移。可以设想,线缆216可以可操作地联接到末端执行器,例如,类似于在上面通过引用的方式并入的于2014年4月21日提交的序列号为14/257,063的美国专利申请中描述的万向架组件。
如图13所示,机器人臂2支撑通过传动带500联接在一起的可旋转扭矩传感器300和电动机组件400。扭矩传感器300联接到臂座2a,并且包括限定多个外露测量器(exposedgauges)312的主体310。主体310支撑电气部件(例如,电阻器,电线等)314,该电气部件314被配置成与控制装置4通信以提供例如扭矩反馈数据。电动机组件400包括电动机410和谐波齿轮箱412,电动机410和谐波齿轮箱412协作以经由传动带500将旋转传递到扭矩传感器300上,以实现臂座2a围绕轴线“A2”的旋转。
在操作中,器械驱动单元110和器械支撑平台120联接在一起并紧固到臂座2a,使得多个传动轴116与多个可旋转构件130接合。在手术器械200可拆卸地联接到器械支撑平台120时,多个电动机114中的一个或多个电动机被启动以旋转多个传动轴116中的一个或多个传动轴。
驱动齿轮114b的旋转使器械驱动单元110的第二壳体部分112b相对于第一壳体部分112a旋转。当第二壳体部分112b在臂座2a内并沿着臂座2a的齿轮2b旋转时,器械支撑平台120与第二壳体部分112b(同时)一起旋转,以实现手术器械200围绕由臂座2a限定的轴线“A1”的旋转。手术器械200可以定位在器械支撑平台120上,使得手术器械200的轴线“A4”与臂座2a的轴线“A1”轴向对准,以使得随着器械驱动单元110或其部分围绕轴线“A1”旋转时,手术器械200能够围绕轴线“A1”同轴旋转。在一些实施例中,手术器械200可定位在器械支撑平台120上,使得手术器械200的轴线“A4”轴向偏离(例如,平行于)臂座2a的轴线“A1”,以使手术器械200能够围绕轴线“A1”进行轨道旋转。
每个传动轴116的旋转使多个可旋转构件130中的一个可旋转构件旋转,以纵向地平移器械滑架150和/或多个线性驱动构件152中的一个或多个线性驱动构件。第一可旋转构件132的旋转使器械滑架150纵向平移通过器械支撑平台120的一对通道120c、120d。装置滑架150相对于器械支撑平台120的纵向运动使手术器械200相对于器械支撑平台120纵向地平移。一对下部可旋转构件134a、134b中的一个或两个下部可旋转构件和/或一对上部可旋转构件136a、136b中的一个或两个上部可旋转构件的旋转使多个线性驱动构件152中相应的那些线性驱动构件相对于器械滑架150和/或多个线性驱动构件152中的其它那些中一个或多个线性驱动构件纵向地平移。
在器械滑架150的多个线性驱动构件152经由驱动凸块154a与手术器械200的多个线性从动构件214接合的情况下,多个线性驱动构件152中的一个或多个线性驱动构件的纵向运动使得多个线性从动构件214中的一个或多个线性从动构件纵向移动,以纵向移动多根线缆216中的一根或多根线缆。
旋转驱动构件158的电动机158a的启动使得旋转驱动齿轮158旋转以旋转次级旋转驱动齿轮158c。次级旋转驱动齿轮158c的旋转使手术器械200的从动齿轮212a旋转,以旋转手术器械200的杆212b。
杆212b的旋转和/或多根线缆216中的一根或多根线缆的纵向平移将相对于器械支撑平台120的移动(例如,旋转、枢转、关节运动、纵向/横向平移等)传递到末端执行器230或其部分上,和/或实现末端执行器230的发射。
本领域技术人员将理解,本文具体描述和附图中所示的结构和方法是非限制性示例性实施例,并且描述、公开和附图应当被解释为仅作为特定实施例的示例。因此,应当理解,本公开不限于所描述的精确实施例,并且在不脱离本公开的范围或精神的情况下,本领域技术人员可以实现各种其它改变和修改。另外,在不脱离本公开的范围的情况下,结合某些实施例示出或描述的元件和特征可以与某些其它实施例的元件和特征组合,并且这样的修改和变化也包括在本公开的范围内。因此,本公开的主题不限于已经具体示出和描述的内容。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于选择性地连接到机器人臂的手术系统,所述手术系统包括:
器械驱动单元,其包括多个致动器;
器械支撑平台,其可释放地联接到所述机器人臂的臂座中的所述器械驱动单元,所述臂座限定中心纵向轴线并且包括环绕所述臂座的所述中心纵向轴线的环形齿轮,所述环形齿轮被配置为接合所述器械驱动单元以围绕所述臂座的所述中心纵向轴线相对于所述臂座旋转所述器械驱动单元,所述器械支撑平台包括与所述器械驱动单元的所述多个致动器能操作地相关联的多个可旋转构件,所述多个可旋转构件中的每一个能响应于所述多个致动器的至少一个致动器的致动而旋转;
器械滑架,其联接到所述器械支撑平台的所述多个可旋转构件,并且包括多个驱动构件,所述多个驱动构件中的至少一个驱动构件能响应于所述多个可旋转构件中的至少一个可旋转构件的旋转而平移;和
手术器械,其可释放地联接到所述器械滑架,并且支撑从所述器械支撑平台向远侧延伸的末端执行器,所述末端执行器能够响应于所述器械滑架的所述多个驱动构件中的至少一个驱动构件的平移而移动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的手术系统,其中,所述多个驱动构件中的至少一个驱动构件旋转所述手术器械的第一从动构件,并且所述多个驱动构件中的至少一个驱动构件线性地平移所述手术器械的第二从动构件,其中,响应于所述第一从动构件和第二从动构件中的相应一个的移动,所述第一从动构件和第二从动构件中的所述相应一个构造成实现下列至少一个:1)所述末端执行器相对于所述器械支撑平台的移动或2)发射末端执行器。
3.根据权利要求2所述的手术系统,其中,所述多个驱动构件中的至少一个驱动构件包括构造成接合所述第一从动构件的从动齿轮的驱动齿轮。
4.根据权利要求2所述的手术系统,其中,所述第一从动构件和第二从动构件中的至少一个从动构件包括能操作地联接到所述末端执行器的线缆。
5.根据权利要求2所述的手术系统,其中,所述第一从动构件和第二从动构件中的至少一个从动构件包括操作地联接到所述末端执行器的杆。
6.根据权利要求1所述的手术系统,其中,所述多个可旋转构件中的至少一个可旋转构件的旋转使所述器械滑架的滑架主体通过由所述器械支撑平台限定的至少一个通道而线性地平移,以使所述器械滑架相对于所述器械支撑平台移动。
7.根据权利要求6所述的手术系统,其中,所述至少一个通道覆盖有屏障。
8.根据权利要求7所述的手术系统,其中,所述至少一个通道包括沿着所述器械支撑平台纵向延伸的多个间隔开的通道。
9.根据权利要求1所述的手术系统,其中,所述器械驱动单元包括能由所述多个致动器中的一个致动器致动的齿轮,所述器械支撑平台和所述手术器械能够响应于所述齿轮的致动而围绕通过所述器械支撑平台限定的纵向轴线同时旋转。
10.根据权利要求1所述的手术系统,其中,所述器械驱动单元的所述多个致动器由远程操作控制。
11.一种机器人手术组件,其包括:
机器人臂,其包括具有环状配置的臂座,所述臂座限定中心纵向轴线并且包括环绕所述臂座的所述中心纵向轴线的环形齿轮;
器械驱动单元,其固定到所述臂座并包括多个致动器,所述环形齿轮被配置为接合所述器械驱动单元以围绕所述臂座的所述中心纵向轴线相对于所述臂座旋转所述器械驱动单元;
器械支撑平台,其限定纵向轴线,并且可释放地联接到所述臂座中的所述器械驱动单元,所述器械支撑平台包括与所述器械驱动单元的所述多个致动器能操作地相关联的多个可旋转构件,所述多个可旋转构件中的每一个可旋转构件能响应于所述器械驱动单元的所述多个致动器中的至少一个致动器的致动而旋转;和
器械滑架,其联接到所述多个可旋转构件,并且包括围绕所述器械支撑平台的纵向轴线旋转的至少一个旋转驱动构件和沿着所述器械支撑平台的纵向轴线线性地平移的至少一个线性驱动构件,所述线性驱动构件或旋转驱动构件中的至少一个驱动构件能响应于所述器械支撑平台的所述多个可旋转构件中的至少一个可旋转构件的旋转而移动。
12.根据权利要求11所述的机器人手术组件,其中,所述多个可旋转构件中的至少一个可旋转构件的旋转使所述器械滑架的滑架主体通过由所述器械支撑平台限定的至少一个通道而线性地平移,以使所述器械滑架相对于所述器械支撑平台移动。
13.根据权利要求12所述的机器人手术组件,其中,所述至少一个通道覆盖有屏障。
14.根据权利要求13所述的机器人手术组件,其中,所述至少一个通道包括沿着所述器械支撑平台纵向延伸的多个间隔开的通道。
15.根据权利要求11所述的机器人手术组件,其中,所述器械驱动单元的所述多个致动器由远程操作控制。
16.根据权利要求11所述的机器人手术组件,其中,所述器械驱动单元和所述臂座包括齿轮,所述齿轮彼此接合以使所述器械驱动单元的端面围绕通过所述器械驱动单元限定的纵向轴线而旋转,其中,所述器械支撑平台能连接到器械驱动单元的所述端面,使得所述端面的旋转传递所述器械支撑平台上的旋转。
17.一种用于支撑具有末端执行器的手术器械的手术组件,所述手术组件包括:
器械驱动单元;
器械支撑平台,其限定纵向轴线,并且构造成可释放地联接到机器人臂的臂座中的所述器械驱动单元,所述器械支撑平台包括多个可旋转构件,所述臂座限定中心纵向轴线并且包括环绕所述臂座的所述中心纵向轴线的环形齿轮,所述环形齿轮被配置为接合所述器械驱动单元以围绕所述臂座的所述中心纵向轴线相对于所述臂座旋转所述器械驱动单元;
器械滑架,其联接到所述多个可旋转构件,并且包括围绕所述器械支撑平台的纵向轴线旋转的旋转驱动构件以及沿着所述器械支撑平台的纵向轴线线性地平移的多个线性驱动构件,所述旋转驱动构件构造成响应于所述器械支撑平台的所述多个可旋转构件中的第一可旋转构件的旋转而发射所述末端执行器,所述多个线性驱动构件中的至少一个线性驱动构件构造成响应于所述器械支撑平台的所述多个可旋转构件中的第二可旋转构件的旋转而使所述末端执行器相对于该支撑平台移动。
18.根据权利要求17所述的手术组件,其中,所述器械支撑平台的所述多个可旋转构件中的第三可旋转构件通过由所述器械支撑平台限定的至少一个通道而线性地平移所述器械滑架的滑架主体,以使所述器械滑架相对于所述器械支撑平台移动。
19.根据权利要求17所述的手术组件,其中,所述多个可旋转构件中的第一可旋转构件独立于所述多个可旋转构件中的第二可旋转构件而旋转。
20.根据权利要求17所述的手术组件,其中,所述器械驱动单元包括通过远程操作控制的多个致动器。
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